This paper provides the diversity assessment of the tree species in Sitio <span style="white-space:nowrap;">Dicasalarin, Barangay Zabali, Baler, Aurora including the endemism and ecological status. A t...This paper provides the diversity assessment of the tree species in Sitio <span style="white-space:nowrap;">Dicasalarin, Barangay Zabali, Baler, Aurora including the endemism and ecological status. A total of 2239 individuals from 139 morphospecies, 87 genera and 46 families were recorded. A total of 48 Philippine endemic species and 2 Aurora Endemic species were found and at least 29 threatened species were listed either in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and Philippine List of Threatened Species. Results of the tree diversity showed that the area is highly diverse being a well-protected and well-managed area.展开更多
The distribution, diversity, and abundance of sea cucumbers in intertidal zones of Aurora were studied from February to June 2013 to obtain baseline data. A one-hour timed-search survey covering an approximate one kil...The distribution, diversity, and abundance of sea cucumbers in intertidal zones of Aurora were studied from February to June 2013 to obtain baseline data. A one-hour timed-search survey covering an approximate one kilometer over a ten-meter wide area was conducted in six coastal municipalities to obtain a comprehensive list of sea cucumber species found in the zones. Only four sampling stations (Baler, Dipaculao, Dilasag, and Dingalan) were selected for belt transect survey, 50 × 50 m, based on the availability of coralline, sandy, muddy sand, and rocky habitats which were laid perpendicular and parallel to each intertidal zone. Timed-search survey revealed a total of 15 species of sea cucumbers distributed among two Orders (Order Aspidochirotida and Order Apodida) and four Families (Family Holothuriidae, Family Stichopodidae, Family Synaptidae, and Family Chirotidae) were recorded. Synapta maculata is most common and has widespread distribution. Belt-tranect surveys showed Holothuria leucospilota is among the most frequently occurring species both during day time (58%) and night time (75%). The Dilasag sampling station had the most diverse species (0.71) while the Dipaculao sampling station had the densest species of Holothuria leucospilota (10,014 in<span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙ha<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−1</sup>) and abundant (95.91%) species.展开更多
The diversity and abundance of bivalves and gastropods were studied from April to July 2015. Two sampling stations, Tinib and Esteves, in Casiguran, Aurora were selected based on the presence of mangrove forest, bival...The diversity and abundance of bivalves and gastropods were studied from April to July 2015. Two sampling stations, Tinib and Esteves, in Casiguran, Aurora were selected based on the presence of mangrove forest, bivalves, gastropods, muddy substrate, and gleaners for the establishment of a transect line. Each station was laid with 100 meters transect line overlaid continuously with 2 m × 2 m quadrat along each transect. A total of 50 sampling units covering 0.02 ha area per sampling station were surveyed. The transect line recorded six species of bivalves distributed among five families and 12 species of gastropods belonging to eight families. Three species of bivalves and five species of gastropods were common to both sampling stations. However, Tinib station had most diverse species of bivalves (0.55) while Esteves station had most diverse species of gastropods (0.43). Both stations revealed Dendrostrea folium (43%) (bivalve) and Cerithidea cingulata (93%) (gastropods) as most frequently occurring species. Dendostrea folium also emerged as the densest (10,640 ind<span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙ha<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−1</sup> and 6850 ind<span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙ha<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−1</sup>) and most abundant (58.52% and 77.84%) bivalve species. For gastropods, Terebralia sulcata (249,250 ind<span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙ha<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−1</sup>) was the densest and most abundant (96.97%) in Tinib while Terebralia palustris was the densest (747,050 ind<span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙ha<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−1</sup>) and most abundant (70.44%) in Esteves. Pooled results for bivalve species maintained Dendrostrea folium as the densest (8750 ind<span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙ha<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−1</sup>) and most abundant (64.81%). However, for gastropods, Terebralia palustris emerged as the densest (373,525 ind<span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙ha<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−1</sup>) and most abundant (56.70%) species. The mangrove forests of Casiguran, Aurora thus contain a variety of bivalves and gastropods with Tinib station dominated by bivalves while Esteves station dominated by gastropods.展开更多
This study generally aimed to determine the spatial zonation and diversity of bivalves and gastropods in mangrove forest of Cozo, Esteves and Tinib in Casiguran, Aurora. Specifically, this aimed to determine the speci...This study generally aimed to determine the spatial zonation and diversity of bivalves and gastropods in mangrove forest of Cozo, Esteves and Tinib in Casiguran, Aurora. Specifically, this aimed to determine the species composition and distribution, and determine the relationship between spatial zonation and diversity of bivalves and gastropods as influenced by ecological factors such as vegetation, soil texture, organic matter, soil salinity, and soil pH. A total of 22 taxa comprising eight species of bivalves and 14 species of gastropods were identified. The high tidal zone of Esteves had high diversity (0.66) of bivalve species compared to other tidal zones and areas. On the other hand, the diversity of gastropods was almost equal in the middle tidal zones of Cozo (0.60), Esteves (0.57), and Tinib (0.42). In terms of bivalve species’ density and abundance, Dendostrea folium was the most dense and abundant in the low tidal zone of Cozo (253,333 ind<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">.ha<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−1</sup> or 25 ind.m<sup>2-1</sup>, 97.44%) while Gafrarium tumidum in the low tidal zones of Esteves (46,666 ind<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">.ha<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−1</sup> or 4 ind.m<sup>2-1</sup>, 73.68%) and Tinib (126,666 ind<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">.ha<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−1</sup> or 12 ind.m<sup>2-1</sup>, 50%). In terms of gastropod species’ density and abundance, Cerithidea cingulata was the most dense and abundant in the low tidal zone (666,666 ind<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">.ha<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−1</sup> or 66 ind.m<sup>2-1</sup>, 65.79%) of Cozo and the middle tidal zone (5,280,000 ind<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">.ha<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−1</sup> or 528 ind.m<sup>2-1</sup>, 61.40%) of Tinib. It was Terebralia palustris in the low tidal zone (1,263,333 ind<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">.ha<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−1</sup> or 126 ind.m<sup>2-1</sup>, 63.06%) of Esteves. All tidal zones within each study area had greater dissimilarities in terms of bivalves but had greater similarities in terms of gastropod species’ compositions. On the other hand, all tidal zones between study areas had greater dissimilarities in terms of bivalve and gastropod species present. Most tidal zones had Gafrarium tumidum as common bivalve species while Neritidae sp. and Cerithidea cingulata were common gastropod species. All these species were found thriving in a wide range of vegetation, soil texture, organic matter, soil salinity and pH.展开更多
Mangrove utilization and management were observed done by men and women depending on their needs and priorities in Casiguran, Aurora. This study, therefore, tried to investigate the gender roles in the utilization and...Mangrove utilization and management were observed done by men and women depending on their needs and priorities in Casiguran, Aurora. This study, therefore, tried to investigate the gender roles in the utilization and management of mangrove forests, the existing mangrove management practices and their challenges, and the relationship between gender and mangrove resources management. A mixed-method approach was used and data were obtained through triangulation. Respondents were obtained through snowball sampling and interviewed using a structured questionnaire with a few open-ended questions. Results revealed that the majority of the respondents were women (60.7%) and residents of Brgy. Esteves (52.5%) live within or near the mangrove forest. Mostly married (59%) who were providing food and income for the family. They utilized mangrove woods (58.20%) with an average quantity of less than 10 board feet (34.4%) for cooking (40.2%). Roots were utilized in minimal amounts (2.50%) for mythical, medicine, and cork purposes. Mollusks (93.44%), commonly bivalves (93.4%), were primarily gleaned by women for food consumption (93.4%) and as a source of income (93. 61%). On the other hand, catching of crabs (57.4%) for consumption (56.6%) and as a source of income (14.8%) and catching of fish (31.1%) for consumption (27.9%) were done by men. Both genders were involved in mangrove management practices, although only 65% of them had actual involvement in mangrove planting, 19% in mangrove nursery development and maintenance, and 16% in mangrove plantation maintenance. Challenges in management include low survival rate of planted mangroves (33%), lack of maintenance activity (20%), and lack of funds for mobilization (20%). A chi-square test of independence revealed that both men and women have no significant difference in their involvement in nursery establishment and maintenance, mangrove planting, and plantation management.展开更多
This study was conducted to provide a preliminary assessment of the sea cucumber fishery in Aurora, Philippines. This was conducted from February to June 2013. All sea cucumber gatherers and traders, obtained through ...This study was conducted to provide a preliminary assessment of the sea cucumber fishery in Aurora, Philippines. This was conducted from February to June 2013. All sea cucumber gatherers and traders, obtained through snowball sampling, in each identified sea cucumber fishery area in six coastal municipalities (Baler, Dipaculao, Dinalungan, Casiguran, Dilasag and Dingalan) were interviewed using a structured interview schedule and focused group discussions (FGD). Results revealed that gathering sea cucumbers were accomplished by handpicking, skin diving or compressor diving. A total of 15 commercial species were regularly gathered. Out of this, three species are of very high economic value (≥Php 4000/kg) (Holothuria nobilis, Holothuria scabra, and Actinopyga lecanora). The average number of kilograms harvested per hour per trip ranges from 0.21 (Holothuria fuscopunctata) to 2.71 (Holothuria scabra), while the average size of commonly gathered sea cucumber varies among species with Holothuria lecanora showed an average length (29.26 cm) greater than recorded 24 cm. Processing mainly involves washing, slicing, boiling, drying and packing. Processed sea cucumbers or trepan were sold to middlemen or direct buyers who usually offered higher prices (36.36% up to 69.20%) than the former. Problems encountered by sea cucumber gatherers and traders include a decline in total catch, a shift in area of collection from intertidal zones to deeper waters, an increase in the number of hours spent in finding and gathering sea cucumbers, the use of compressors in gathering, the decline of larger species and gathering of smaller sizes in huge amount, the absence of conservation program for sea cucumber, and the lenient implementation of government policies with regards to coastal resources management.展开更多
The wetlands of Casiguran, Aurora, Philippines are primarily the source of livelihood for most of the coastal communities of the area. However, this also serves as a feeding ground for many of the migratory and reside...The wetlands of Casiguran, Aurora, Philippines are primarily the source of livelihood for most of the coastal communities of the area. However, this also serves as a feeding ground for many of the migratory and resident waterbirds. There are waterbird species occurring in the area that need protection but only a few studies of these species exist. This study was conducted from February to March 2019 to census and identify the water birds present in the study site, determine the conservation status and index of abundance of identified waterbirds, and describe their habitat association. Based on the result, 18 waterbird species in five families were present in the area. Family Ardeidae had six representative species, Family Charadriidae had five representative species, Family Scolopacidae had five representative species while only one species represents the Family Anatidae and Family Rallidae. Two waterbird species observed (Anas luzonica and Egretta eulophotes) were listed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as vulnerable and another species (Numerius madagascariensis) was listed as endangered. In terms of abundance, Intermediate Egret (Egretta intermedia) was revealed as the most abundant (94.68%) among waterbirds. Different waterbird species prefer specific habitats. Some usually frequent freshwater and saltwater habitats, including mangroves, open sea, and watercourses inside forests while some were observed in mudflats, and rice fields during the survey.展开更多
The research study was conducted to assess and quantify the current status of avifauna biodiversity assets of Aurora State College of Technology’s Forest Reservation in Baler, Aurora, Philippines. Assessment of avifa...The research study was conducted to assess and quantify the current status of avifauna biodiversity assets of Aurora State College of Technology’s Forest Reservation in Baler, Aurora, Philippines. Assessment of avifaunal diversity was undertaken by traversing the four established circular plots having a radius of 125 meters or 250 meters diameters each as permanent monitoring stations. Study revealed a total number of 151 Individual species, classified into 23 genera and 21 families. Eighteen of these species are endemic while the remaining five were fully migrated birds. All birds observed were classified as Least Concern (LC) species according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Red List of Threatened Species and the updated list of the Birds of the World online. Its abundance, richness and diversity index were calculated using Shannon Diversity Index (H') while Pielou’s evenness (J') for distribution of species. Forest reservation of ASCOT has more even (0.756 J') and moderate diversity (2.812 H') observation on avifauna in general. However, this avian population evaluation was threatened into a verge of extinction due to natural and anthropological threats that causes forest deforestation. Such deforestation of habitat causes dwindling of wildlife territory leading to the scarcity of bird’s population. Thus, the assessment was conducted to aid ASCOT administration find significant plans to ensure sustainable conservation and protection of the remaining avifauna species in the reservation area.展开更多
Since the first electron micrograph of“lace-like structures”over 75 years ago,the endoplasmic reticulum(ER)is now viewed as a highly dynamic,constantly remodeling,continuous network of tubules and cisternae that pla...Since the first electron micrograph of“lace-like structures”over 75 years ago,the endoplasmic reticulum(ER)is now viewed as a highly dynamic,constantly remodeling,continuous network of tubules and cisternae that plays an important role in a broad range of cellular activities from calcium regulation to protein synthesis and trafficking.In neurons,the ER extends from the soma through the axon to presynaptic terminals,and throughout the dendritic arbor into as many as half of all postsynaptic dendritic spines at any given time(Falahati et al.,2022).展开更多
BACKGROUND Ankle fractures are well-documented in snow sports,but concomitant Achilles tendon and peroneal tendon ruptures are rare.This case report presents a previously unreported combination of Achilles tendon rupt...BACKGROUND Ankle fractures are well-documented in snow sports,but concomitant Achilles tendon and peroneal tendon ruptures are rare.This case report presents a previously unreported combination of Achilles tendon rupture,peroneal tendon rupture,and fibular fracture in a snowboarder,highlighting the complex nature of diagnosis,management,and rehabilitation.CASE SUMMARY A 50-year-old male snowboarder presented with severe right ankle pain following a high speed tumbling crash.Initial evaluation revealed an Achilles tendon rupture and a non-displaced distal lateral malleolus fracture.Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging confirmed complete tears of the Achilles tendon and both peroneus longus and brevis tendons,along with a Weber A lateral malleolus fracture.Surgical intervention included a 4-suture core Kraków repair of the Achilles tendon with calcaneal docking,open reduction and internal fixation of the distal fibula fracture,and primary repair of both peroneal tendons.Postoperatively,a modified Achilles repair protocol was implemented.At 16 weeks post-surgery,radiographs showed a well-healed fibular fracture,and physical examination confirmed intact Achilles and peroneal tendon repairs.By 6 months,the patient had regained full daily and work activities,including recreational pursuits.CONCLUSION This case underscores the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion for concomitant injuries in high-energy ankle trauma during snow sports.Timely advanced imaging and a comprehensive surgical approach are crucial for optimal outcomes in such complex cases.展开更多
There is a strong evidence supporting the hypothesis of synaptic dysfunction as a major contributor to neural circuit and network disruption underlying emotional and mood dysregulation in psychiatric disorders(Simmons...There is a strong evidence supporting the hypothesis of synaptic dysfunction as a major contributor to neural circuit and network disruption underlying emotional and mood dysregulation in psychiatric disorders(Simmons et al.,2024).Diverse sets of distinct molecular signaling pathways converge on the synapse to regulate synaptogenesis,synaptic function,and synaptic plasticity in brain regions and circuits through complex interactions organized by numerous multivalent protein scaffolds,including the family of proteins known as A-kinase anchoring proteins(AKAPs).展开更多
Cs_(x)WO_(3)/TiO_(2) composites with full-spectrum catalytic activity were prepared by solvothermal reaction.The composites were characterized using X-ray diffraction(XRD)analysis,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),tra...Cs_(x)WO_(3)/TiO_(2) composites with full-spectrum catalytic activity were prepared by solvothermal reaction.The composites were characterized using X-ray diffraction(XRD)analysis,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),specific surface area testing,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra(UV-Vis DRS).Cs_(x)WO_(3) and TiO_(2) were uniformly bonded together in the compos-ites.The heterojunction structure was formed.The band gap was reduced from 2.75 to 2.65 eV.The photocatalytic property of Cs_(x)WO_(3)/TiO_(2)was demonstrated by the degradation rates of 20 mg·L^(-1) methylene blue dye,which were 99.7%,91.4%,and 70.7%under irradiation from a 300 W high-pressure mercury lamp,a 500 W xenon lamp,and a 400 W infrared lamp,respectively.After five cycles of photocatalytic degradation,the composite photocatalyst still showed a degradation efficiency of 87.6%.This indicates that Cs_(x)WO_(3)/TiO_(2) has good photocatalytic degradability and cyclic stability.The photocatalytic mechanism of Cs_(x)WO_(3)/TiO_(2)was investigated.The trapping experiments of the active species showed that the main active substances were the empty hole(h+)and hydroxyl radical(·OH).展开更多
文摘This paper provides the diversity assessment of the tree species in Sitio <span style="white-space:nowrap;">Dicasalarin, Barangay Zabali, Baler, Aurora including the endemism and ecological status. A total of 2239 individuals from 139 morphospecies, 87 genera and 46 families were recorded. A total of 48 Philippine endemic species and 2 Aurora Endemic species were found and at least 29 threatened species were listed either in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and Philippine List of Threatened Species. Results of the tree diversity showed that the area is highly diverse being a well-protected and well-managed area.
文摘The distribution, diversity, and abundance of sea cucumbers in intertidal zones of Aurora were studied from February to June 2013 to obtain baseline data. A one-hour timed-search survey covering an approximate one kilometer over a ten-meter wide area was conducted in six coastal municipalities to obtain a comprehensive list of sea cucumber species found in the zones. Only four sampling stations (Baler, Dipaculao, Dilasag, and Dingalan) were selected for belt transect survey, 50 × 50 m, based on the availability of coralline, sandy, muddy sand, and rocky habitats which were laid perpendicular and parallel to each intertidal zone. Timed-search survey revealed a total of 15 species of sea cucumbers distributed among two Orders (Order Aspidochirotida and Order Apodida) and four Families (Family Holothuriidae, Family Stichopodidae, Family Synaptidae, and Family Chirotidae) were recorded. Synapta maculata is most common and has widespread distribution. Belt-tranect surveys showed Holothuria leucospilota is among the most frequently occurring species both during day time (58%) and night time (75%). The Dilasag sampling station had the most diverse species (0.71) while the Dipaculao sampling station had the densest species of Holothuria leucospilota (10,014 in<span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙ha<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−1</sup>) and abundant (95.91%) species.
文摘The diversity and abundance of bivalves and gastropods were studied from April to July 2015. Two sampling stations, Tinib and Esteves, in Casiguran, Aurora were selected based on the presence of mangrove forest, bivalves, gastropods, muddy substrate, and gleaners for the establishment of a transect line. Each station was laid with 100 meters transect line overlaid continuously with 2 m × 2 m quadrat along each transect. A total of 50 sampling units covering 0.02 ha area per sampling station were surveyed. The transect line recorded six species of bivalves distributed among five families and 12 species of gastropods belonging to eight families. Three species of bivalves and five species of gastropods were common to both sampling stations. However, Tinib station had most diverse species of bivalves (0.55) while Esteves station had most diverse species of gastropods (0.43). Both stations revealed Dendrostrea folium (43%) (bivalve) and Cerithidea cingulata (93%) (gastropods) as most frequently occurring species. Dendostrea folium also emerged as the densest (10,640 ind<span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙ha<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−1</sup> and 6850 ind<span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙ha<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−1</sup>) and most abundant (58.52% and 77.84%) bivalve species. For gastropods, Terebralia sulcata (249,250 ind<span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙ha<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−1</sup>) was the densest and most abundant (96.97%) in Tinib while Terebralia palustris was the densest (747,050 ind<span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙ha<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−1</sup>) and most abundant (70.44%) in Esteves. Pooled results for bivalve species maintained Dendrostrea folium as the densest (8750 ind<span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙ha<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−1</sup>) and most abundant (64.81%). However, for gastropods, Terebralia palustris emerged as the densest (373,525 ind<span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙ha<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−1</sup>) and most abundant (56.70%) species. The mangrove forests of Casiguran, Aurora thus contain a variety of bivalves and gastropods with Tinib station dominated by bivalves while Esteves station dominated by gastropods.
文摘This study generally aimed to determine the spatial zonation and diversity of bivalves and gastropods in mangrove forest of Cozo, Esteves and Tinib in Casiguran, Aurora. Specifically, this aimed to determine the species composition and distribution, and determine the relationship between spatial zonation and diversity of bivalves and gastropods as influenced by ecological factors such as vegetation, soil texture, organic matter, soil salinity, and soil pH. A total of 22 taxa comprising eight species of bivalves and 14 species of gastropods were identified. The high tidal zone of Esteves had high diversity (0.66) of bivalve species compared to other tidal zones and areas. On the other hand, the diversity of gastropods was almost equal in the middle tidal zones of Cozo (0.60), Esteves (0.57), and Tinib (0.42). In terms of bivalve species’ density and abundance, Dendostrea folium was the most dense and abundant in the low tidal zone of Cozo (253,333 ind<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">.ha<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−1</sup> or 25 ind.m<sup>2-1</sup>, 97.44%) while Gafrarium tumidum in the low tidal zones of Esteves (46,666 ind<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">.ha<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−1</sup> or 4 ind.m<sup>2-1</sup>, 73.68%) and Tinib (126,666 ind<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">.ha<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−1</sup> or 12 ind.m<sup>2-1</sup>, 50%). In terms of gastropod species’ density and abundance, Cerithidea cingulata was the most dense and abundant in the low tidal zone (666,666 ind<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">.ha<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−1</sup> or 66 ind.m<sup>2-1</sup>, 65.79%) of Cozo and the middle tidal zone (5,280,000 ind<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">.ha<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−1</sup> or 528 ind.m<sup>2-1</sup>, 61.40%) of Tinib. It was Terebralia palustris in the low tidal zone (1,263,333 ind<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">.ha<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−1</sup> or 126 ind.m<sup>2-1</sup>, 63.06%) of Esteves. All tidal zones within each study area had greater dissimilarities in terms of bivalves but had greater similarities in terms of gastropod species’ compositions. On the other hand, all tidal zones between study areas had greater dissimilarities in terms of bivalve and gastropod species present. Most tidal zones had Gafrarium tumidum as common bivalve species while Neritidae sp. and Cerithidea cingulata were common gastropod species. All these species were found thriving in a wide range of vegetation, soil texture, organic matter, soil salinity and pH.
文摘Mangrove utilization and management were observed done by men and women depending on their needs and priorities in Casiguran, Aurora. This study, therefore, tried to investigate the gender roles in the utilization and management of mangrove forests, the existing mangrove management practices and their challenges, and the relationship between gender and mangrove resources management. A mixed-method approach was used and data were obtained through triangulation. Respondents were obtained through snowball sampling and interviewed using a structured questionnaire with a few open-ended questions. Results revealed that the majority of the respondents were women (60.7%) and residents of Brgy. Esteves (52.5%) live within or near the mangrove forest. Mostly married (59%) who were providing food and income for the family. They utilized mangrove woods (58.20%) with an average quantity of less than 10 board feet (34.4%) for cooking (40.2%). Roots were utilized in minimal amounts (2.50%) for mythical, medicine, and cork purposes. Mollusks (93.44%), commonly bivalves (93.4%), were primarily gleaned by women for food consumption (93.4%) and as a source of income (93. 61%). On the other hand, catching of crabs (57.4%) for consumption (56.6%) and as a source of income (14.8%) and catching of fish (31.1%) for consumption (27.9%) were done by men. Both genders were involved in mangrove management practices, although only 65% of them had actual involvement in mangrove planting, 19% in mangrove nursery development and maintenance, and 16% in mangrove plantation maintenance. Challenges in management include low survival rate of planted mangroves (33%), lack of maintenance activity (20%), and lack of funds for mobilization (20%). A chi-square test of independence revealed that both men and women have no significant difference in their involvement in nursery establishment and maintenance, mangrove planting, and plantation management.
文摘This study was conducted to provide a preliminary assessment of the sea cucumber fishery in Aurora, Philippines. This was conducted from February to June 2013. All sea cucumber gatherers and traders, obtained through snowball sampling, in each identified sea cucumber fishery area in six coastal municipalities (Baler, Dipaculao, Dinalungan, Casiguran, Dilasag and Dingalan) were interviewed using a structured interview schedule and focused group discussions (FGD). Results revealed that gathering sea cucumbers were accomplished by handpicking, skin diving or compressor diving. A total of 15 commercial species were regularly gathered. Out of this, three species are of very high economic value (≥Php 4000/kg) (Holothuria nobilis, Holothuria scabra, and Actinopyga lecanora). The average number of kilograms harvested per hour per trip ranges from 0.21 (Holothuria fuscopunctata) to 2.71 (Holothuria scabra), while the average size of commonly gathered sea cucumber varies among species with Holothuria lecanora showed an average length (29.26 cm) greater than recorded 24 cm. Processing mainly involves washing, slicing, boiling, drying and packing. Processed sea cucumbers or trepan were sold to middlemen or direct buyers who usually offered higher prices (36.36% up to 69.20%) than the former. Problems encountered by sea cucumber gatherers and traders include a decline in total catch, a shift in area of collection from intertidal zones to deeper waters, an increase in the number of hours spent in finding and gathering sea cucumbers, the use of compressors in gathering, the decline of larger species and gathering of smaller sizes in huge amount, the absence of conservation program for sea cucumber, and the lenient implementation of government policies with regards to coastal resources management.
文摘The wetlands of Casiguran, Aurora, Philippines are primarily the source of livelihood for most of the coastal communities of the area. However, this also serves as a feeding ground for many of the migratory and resident waterbirds. There are waterbird species occurring in the area that need protection but only a few studies of these species exist. This study was conducted from February to March 2019 to census and identify the water birds present in the study site, determine the conservation status and index of abundance of identified waterbirds, and describe their habitat association. Based on the result, 18 waterbird species in five families were present in the area. Family Ardeidae had six representative species, Family Charadriidae had five representative species, Family Scolopacidae had five representative species while only one species represents the Family Anatidae and Family Rallidae. Two waterbird species observed (Anas luzonica and Egretta eulophotes) were listed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as vulnerable and another species (Numerius madagascariensis) was listed as endangered. In terms of abundance, Intermediate Egret (Egretta intermedia) was revealed as the most abundant (94.68%) among waterbirds. Different waterbird species prefer specific habitats. Some usually frequent freshwater and saltwater habitats, including mangroves, open sea, and watercourses inside forests while some were observed in mudflats, and rice fields during the survey.
文摘The research study was conducted to assess and quantify the current status of avifauna biodiversity assets of Aurora State College of Technology’s Forest Reservation in Baler, Aurora, Philippines. Assessment of avifaunal diversity was undertaken by traversing the four established circular plots having a radius of 125 meters or 250 meters diameters each as permanent monitoring stations. Study revealed a total number of 151 Individual species, classified into 23 genera and 21 families. Eighteen of these species are endemic while the remaining five were fully migrated birds. All birds observed were classified as Least Concern (LC) species according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Red List of Threatened Species and the updated list of the Birds of the World online. Its abundance, richness and diversity index were calculated using Shannon Diversity Index (H') while Pielou’s evenness (J') for distribution of species. Forest reservation of ASCOT has more even (0.756 J') and moderate diversity (2.812 H') observation on avifauna in general. However, this avian population evaluation was threatened into a verge of extinction due to natural and anthropological threats that causes forest deforestation. Such deforestation of habitat causes dwindling of wildlife territory leading to the scarcity of bird’s population. Thus, the assessment was conducted to aid ASCOT administration find significant plans to ensure sustainable conservation and protection of the remaining avifauna species in the reservation area.
基金supported by AHA Career Development Award 938683 (to PJD)NIH grant R01MH123700 (to MLD)
文摘Since the first electron micrograph of“lace-like structures”over 75 years ago,the endoplasmic reticulum(ER)is now viewed as a highly dynamic,constantly remodeling,continuous network of tubules and cisternae that plays an important role in a broad range of cellular activities from calcium regulation to protein synthesis and trafficking.In neurons,the ER extends from the soma through the axon to presynaptic terminals,and throughout the dendritic arbor into as many as half of all postsynaptic dendritic spines at any given time(Falahati et al.,2022).
文摘BACKGROUND Ankle fractures are well-documented in snow sports,but concomitant Achilles tendon and peroneal tendon ruptures are rare.This case report presents a previously unreported combination of Achilles tendon rupture,peroneal tendon rupture,and fibular fracture in a snowboarder,highlighting the complex nature of diagnosis,management,and rehabilitation.CASE SUMMARY A 50-year-old male snowboarder presented with severe right ankle pain following a high speed tumbling crash.Initial evaluation revealed an Achilles tendon rupture and a non-displaced distal lateral malleolus fracture.Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging confirmed complete tears of the Achilles tendon and both peroneus longus and brevis tendons,along with a Weber A lateral malleolus fracture.Surgical intervention included a 4-suture core Kraków repair of the Achilles tendon with calcaneal docking,open reduction and internal fixation of the distal fibula fracture,and primary repair of both peroneal tendons.Postoperatively,a modified Achilles repair protocol was implemented.At 16 weeks post-surgery,radiographs showed a well-healed fibular fracture,and physical examination confirmed intact Achilles and peroneal tendon repairs.By 6 months,the patient had regained full daily and work activities,including recreational pursuits.CONCLUSION This case underscores the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion for concomitant injuries in high-energy ankle trauma during snow sports.Timely advanced imaging and a comprehensive surgical approach are crucial for optimal outcomes in such complex cases.
基金supported by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIH/NIMH)the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke(NIH/NINDS):Grants#R21 MH132136 to FSN and R01 MH123700 and R01 NS040701 to MLD
文摘There is a strong evidence supporting the hypothesis of synaptic dysfunction as a major contributor to neural circuit and network disruption underlying emotional and mood dysregulation in psychiatric disorders(Simmons et al.,2024).Diverse sets of distinct molecular signaling pathways converge on the synapse to regulate synaptogenesis,synaptic function,and synaptic plasticity in brain regions and circuits through complex interactions organized by numerous multivalent protein scaffolds,including the family of proteins known as A-kinase anchoring proteins(AKAPs).
文摘Cs_(x)WO_(3)/TiO_(2) composites with full-spectrum catalytic activity were prepared by solvothermal reaction.The composites were characterized using X-ray diffraction(XRD)analysis,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),specific surface area testing,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra(UV-Vis DRS).Cs_(x)WO_(3) and TiO_(2) were uniformly bonded together in the compos-ites.The heterojunction structure was formed.The band gap was reduced from 2.75 to 2.65 eV.The photocatalytic property of Cs_(x)WO_(3)/TiO_(2)was demonstrated by the degradation rates of 20 mg·L^(-1) methylene blue dye,which were 99.7%,91.4%,and 70.7%under irradiation from a 300 W high-pressure mercury lamp,a 500 W xenon lamp,and a 400 W infrared lamp,respectively.After five cycles of photocatalytic degradation,the composite photocatalyst still showed a degradation efficiency of 87.6%.This indicates that Cs_(x)WO_(3)/TiO_(2) has good photocatalytic degradability and cyclic stability.The photocatalytic mechanism of Cs_(x)WO_(3)/TiO_(2)was investigated.The trapping experiments of the active species showed that the main active substances were the empty hole(h+)and hydroxyl radical(·OH).
