Purpose:Citations can be used in evaluative bibliometrics to measure the impact of papers.However,citation analysis can be extended by a multi-dimensional perspective on citation impact which is intended to receive mo...Purpose:Citations can be used in evaluative bibliometrics to measure the impact of papers.However,citation analysis can be extended by a multi-dimensional perspective on citation impact which is intended to receive more specific information about the kind of received impact.Design/methodology/approach:Bornmann,Wray,and Haunschild(2019)introduced citation concept analysis(CCA)for capturing the importance and usefulness certain concepts have in subsequent research.The method is based on the analysis of citances-the contexts of citations in citing papers.This study applies the method by investigating the impact of various concepts introduced in the oeuvre of the world-leading French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu.Findings:We found that the most cited concepts are‘social capital’(with about 34%of the citances in the citing papers),‘cultural capital’,and‘habitus’(both with about 24%).On the other hand,the concepts‘doxa’and‘reflexivity’score only about 1%each.Research limitations:The formulation of search terms for identifying the concepts in the data and the citation context coverage are the most important limitations of the study.Practical implications:The results of this explorative study reflect the historical development of Bourdieu’s thought and its interface with different fields of study.Originality/value:The study demonstrates the high explanatory power of the CCA method.展开更多
1 Introduction With the continuous increase in global population,the demand for energy is upgrading at an unprecedented rate.At present,fossil fuels dominate the global energy landscape,but their limitations lay the g...1 Introduction With the continuous increase in global population,the demand for energy is upgrading at an unprecedented rate.At present,fossil fuels dominate the global energy landscape,but their limitations lay the groundwork for the upcoming global energy crisis[1].The non renewable nature of fossil fuels,coupled with increasing energy consumption,poses a significant threat to the long-term energy security of the world.In addition,the combustion of fossil fuels releases a large amount of air pollutants such as carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide,leading to serious environmental pollution and climate change.These environmental issues have far-reaching impacts,including rising sea levels,extreme weather events,and loss of biodiversity[2–4].展开更多
1 Introduction Amid escalating global climate change,the“dual carbon”goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality have become a focal point of global attention and an important strategy for sustainable development[1]....1 Introduction Amid escalating global climate change,the“dual carbon”goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality have become a focal point of global attention and an important strategy for sustainable development[1].With the rapid development of renewable energy technologies and the increasing public demand for environmental protection and low-carbon living,the adoption of new energy vehicles,particularly electric vehicles(EVs).展开更多
Background:Undernutrition poses a major threat for the growth and development of children in remote island regions of Bangladesh.Methods:This study investigated the prevalence and risk predictors of undernutrition amo...Background:Undernutrition poses a major threat for the growth and development of children in remote island regions of Bangladesh.Methods:This study investigated the prevalence and risk predictors of undernutrition among children under five in the island regions of Bangladesh.A cross‐sectional study was conducted in 13 unions across two islands,with a random sample of 549 children.Results:Descriptive analyses showed that underweight(Z‐score<−2),wasting(Z‐score<−2),and stunting(Z‐score<−2)were prevalent,with rates of 36.80%,24.60%,and 47.20%,respectively.Significant predictors of underweight included a history of diarrhea(AOR=2.24,p<0.001),acute respiratory infection(ARI)(AOR=1.84,p<0.01),anemic caregivers(AOR=1.52,p<0.05),and belonging to day labor families(AOR=0.29,p<0.01).Childhood wasting was significantly associated with partial vaccination(AOR=2.84,p<0.001),large family size(AOR=1.79,p<0.05),higher birth order(AOR=0.58,p<0.05),diarrhea(AOR=3.09,p<0.001),anemic mothers(AOR=1.89,p<0.05),primary(AOR=3.35,p<0.05)and secondary(AOR=4.11,p<0.01)maternal education,and fathers working abroad(AOR=0.42,p<0.05)or as daily laborers(AOR=0.17,p<0.001).Stunting was more common among children with partial vaccination,diarrhea,and ARI,and less common among those with a history of fever or those from day laborer families.Conclusion:Overall,undernutrition among children in the island areas of Bangladesh is influenced by multiple factors,necessitating a multisectoral approach to improve their nutritional status.展开更多
This paper presents a novel five degrees of freedom (DOF) two-wheeled robotic machine (TWRM) that delivers solutions for both industrial and service robotic applications by enlarging the vehicle′s workspace and incre...This paper presents a novel five degrees of freedom (DOF) two-wheeled robotic machine (TWRM) that delivers solutions for both industrial and service robotic applications by enlarging the vehicle′s workspace and increasing its flexibility. Designing a two-wheeled robot with five degrees of freedom creates a high challenge for the control, therefore the modelling and design of such robot should be precise with a uniform distribution of mass over the robot and the actuators. By employing the Lagrangian modelling approach, the TWRM′s mathematical model is derived and simulated in Matlab/Simulink?. For stabilizing the system′s highly nonlinear model, two control approaches were developed and implemented: proportional-integral-derivative (PID) and fuzzy logic control (FLC) strategies. Considering multiple scenarios with different initial conditions, the proposed control strategies′ performance has been assessed.展开更多
Objective: Acupuncture guidelines have advised caution when treating women during pregnancy,because historical ‘‘forbidden" acupuncture points are believed to stimulate miscarriage or early labor.Despite recent...Objective: Acupuncture guidelines have advised caution when treating women during pregnancy,because historical ‘‘forbidden" acupuncture points are believed to stimulate miscarriage or early labor.Despite recent research demonstrating that acupuncture is a useful and safe treatment tool for pregnancy-related low-back pain(LBP) and pelvic girdle pain(PGP), it is postulated that fear of miscarriage and subsequent blame by association, restricts its provision. More recently, an increase in dry needling(DN) courses for physiotherapists has potentiated the rapid growth in DN practice in New Zealand(NZ). Many dry needlers do not consider DN to be a form of acupuncture; it is unknown if they have similar safety concerns.Methods: NZ registered physiotherapists practicing acupuncture and/or DN were invited to participate in an electronic survey to examine their practice and level of understanding in regard to safe needling during pregnancy.Results: Of 124 respondents, only 60(48%) would needle pregnant women, with a further 66% of those still expressing safety concerns. NZ physiotherapists practicing DN only, were more likely to needle areas related to ‘‘forbidden" points in all trimesters. However, overall, NZ physiotherapists were less likely to needle ‘‘forbidden" points than their UK peers.Conclusion: Conflicting literature and a ‘‘fear of blame" influences NZ physiotherapists' decisions to offer needling(both acupuncture and DN) during pregnancy. Further training in this field is recommended to ensure safe practice and adequate provision of acupuncture treatment options for pregnant women suffering musculoskeletal pain, such as LBP and PGP. Further research, particularly into DN, for women during pregnancy, is warranted.展开更多
An efficient chamber-induced activation method was applied for the preparation of holey graphene/cellulose nanofiber-based film with high specific surface area(SSA)and multiple channels through the graphene nanosheets...An efficient chamber-induced activation method was applied for the preparation of holey graphene/cellulose nanofiber-based film with high specific surface area(SSA)and multiple channels through the graphene nanosheets.With the cellulose nanofiber(CNF)simultaneously serving as“dispersing agent,”“spacer,”and“activating agent,”the graphene oxide(GO)nanosheets are perforated by the pyrolysis gas from CNF in the confined space inside the hybrid films,uniformly dispersed,and sandwiched between CNF networks with less agglomeration and restacking.Additionally,we have proved that H2O and H2 are primarily responsible for the activation and etching of GO/CNF film.As the CNF content increases,the mesoporosity of the activated reduced GO/CNF(A-RGO/CNF)film increases,and the graphene nanosheets show more nanopore perforations.Benefitting from the high SSA,high density,moderate mesoporosity,and abundant channels for ion diffusion through the graphene nanosheets,the A-RGO/CNF film exhibits the highest specific capacitance of 323(236)F g^(−1)(F cm^(−3))at 1Ag^(−1).For the A-RGO5/CNF5 film containing half CNF and half GO,an excellent comprehensive electrochemical performance including superior rate performance(208(160)F g^(−1)(F cm^(−3))at 60Ag^(−1))is exhibited.Moreover,the A-RGO5/CNF5 electrode in an all-solid-state flexible symmetric supercapacitor delivers a high specific capacitance of 250(193)F g^(−1)(F cm^(−3))at 1Ag^(−1).This study provides a novel idea for the preparation of holey graphene-based film for supercapacitor electrodes.The strategy of simultaneously employing CNF as“dispersing agent,”“spacer,”and“activating agent”also offers a new vision for the assembly of homogeneous nanohybrid material and the utilization of pyrolysis gas.展开更多
Two bacterial stains were isolated from the activated sludge and identified as Leucobacter sp. and Alcaligenesfaecalis by 16S rDNA sequencing. Pure cultures of these two strains, representing well or poorly settled ba...Two bacterial stains were isolated from the activated sludge and identified as Leucobacter sp. and Alcaligenesfaecalis by 16S rDNA sequencing. Pure cultures of these two strains, representing well or poorly settled bacteria, were used to investigate the mechanism of bioflocculation in activated sludge. Based on the analyses of the characteristics of cells hydrophobicity, ζ-potential, flocculation ability and extracellular polymeric substance （EPS） composition under different growth stages, it was found that the ratio of cell EPS protein had the highly influence on ζ-potential and hydrophobicity, which were important factors to bioflocculation. Cellulase and Proteinase K could destroy the extracellular biopolymer and resulted in a decrease in the hydrophobicity and ζ-potential. However, in our study, the flocculation characteristics exhibited differently in relation to cellulase and Proteinase K. Flocculation of cells treated with cellulase and Proteinase K decreased sharply, and then recovered quickly in cellulase treatment, while cells treated with Proteinase K showed no sign of recovery. This reveals that the presence of protein in extracellular biopolymer plays an important role to the bioflocculation of cells.展开更多
Background:End-stage ankle arthritis impairs joint function and patients' mobility.Total ankle replacement is a surgical procedure to treat severe ankle arthritis.Salto Talaris Anatomic Ankle^(TM)(STAA) was design...Background:End-stage ankle arthritis impairs joint function and patients' mobility.Total ankle replacement is a surgical procedure to treat severe ankle arthritis.Salto Talaris Anatomic Ankle^(TM)(STAA) was designed to mimic the normal ankle anatomy and flexion/extension of the ankle movement.The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of an STAA ankle replacement on ankle joint function and mechanics during gait.Methods:Five patients with end-stage unilateral ankle arthritis were recruited.Patients performed level walking in a laboratory setting on 2occasions,prior to and 3 months after the STAA ankle surgeries.American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society(AOFAS) hindfoot score was obtained.A 12-camera motion capture system was used to perform walking analysis.Gait temporo-spatial parameters and ankle joint mechanics were evaluated.Paired Student's t tests and non-parametric Wilcoxon matched tests were performed to examine the differences in biomechanical variables between the pre-and post-surgery walking conditions.Results:Compared to the pre-surgical condition,at 3 months of post-STAA surgery,patients experienced greater improvement in AOFAS hindfoot score(p = 0.0001);the STAA ankle demonstrated a 31% increase in ankle joint excursion(p = 0.045),a 22% increase in ankle plantarflexor moment(p = 0.075),a 60% increase in ankle power absorption(p = 0.023),and a 68% increase in ankle power production(p = 0.039).Patients also demonstrated a 26% increase in walking speed(p = 0.005),a 20% increase in stride length(p = 0.013),a 15% decrease in double support time(p = 0.043),and a 5% decrease in total stance time(p = 0.055).Conclusion:Three months after surgeries,the STAA patients experienced improvements in ankle function and gait parameters.The STAA ankle demonstrated improved ankle mechanics during daily activities such as walking.展开更多
Acute exposure to heat, such as that experienced by people arriving into a hotter or more humid environment, can compromise physical and cognitive performance as well as health. In military contexts heat stress is exa...Acute exposure to heat, such as that experienced by people arriving into a hotter or more humid environment, can compromise physical and cognitive performance as well as health. In military contexts heat stress is exacerbated by the combination of protective clothing, carried loads, and unique activity profiles, making them susceptible to heat illnesses. As the operational environment is dynamic and unpredictable, strategies to minimize the effects of heat should be planned and conducted prior to deployment. This review explores how heat acclimation(HA) prior to deployment may attenuate the effects of heat by initiating physiological and behavioural adaptations to more efficiently and effectively protect thermal homeostasis, thereby improving performance and reducing heat illness risk. HA usually requires access to heat chamber facilities and takes weeks to conduct, which can often make it impractical and infeasible, especially if there are other training requirements and expectations. Recent research in athletic populations has produced protocols that are more feasible and accessible by reducing the time taken to induce adaptations, as well as exploring new methods such as passive HA. These protocols use shorter HA periods or minimise additional training requirements respectively, while still invoking key physiological adaptations, such as lowered core temperature, reduced heart rate and increased sweat rate at a given intensity. For deployments of special units at short notice(< 1 day) it might be optimal to use heat re-acclimation to maintain an elevated baseline of heat tolerance for long periods in anticipation of such an event. Methods practical for military groups are yet to be fully understood, therefore further investigation into the effectiveness of HA methods is required to establish the most effective and feasible approach to implement them within military groups.展开更多
Dear Editor,Congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens(CBAVD),a complete or partial defect of the Wolffian duct derivatives,is found in>25% of men with obstructive azoospermia(OA),but the underlying pathologi...Dear Editor,Congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens(CBAVD),a complete or partial defect of the Wolffian duct derivatives,is found in>25% of men with obstructive azoospermia(OA),but the underlying pathological mechanism remains poorly understood.Previous research has shown that the most common disease associated with CBAVD is cystic fibrosis(CF),the predominant manifestations of which include progressive lung disease,pancreatic dysfunction,elevated sweat chloride electrolyte,meconium ileus,and male infertility.展开更多
Recently, location-based routings in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are attracting a lot of interest in the research community, especially because of its scalability. In location-based routing, the network size is sc...Recently, location-based routings in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are attracting a lot of interest in the research community, especially because of its scalability. In location-based routing, the network size is scalable without increasing the signalling overhead as routing decisions are inherently localized. Here, each node is aware of its position in the network through some positioning device like GPS and uses this information in the routing mechanism. In this paper, we first discuss the basics of WSNs including the architecture of the network, energy consumption for the components of a typical sensor node, and draw a detailed picture of classification of location-based routing protocols. Then, we present a systematic and comprehensive taxonomy of location-based routing protocols, mostly for sensor networks. All the schemes are subsequently discussed in depth. Finally, we conclude the paper with some insights on potential research directions for location-based routing in WSNs.展开更多
During the welding of AZ91 cast alloy,the presence of eutectic β-Mg17Al12 phase results in constitutional liquation in the original interdendritic regions and in the formation of a partially melted zone(PMZ). In this...During the welding of AZ91 cast alloy,the presence of eutectic β-Mg17Al12 phase results in constitutional liquation in the original interdendritic regions and in the formation of a partially melted zone(PMZ). In this study,gas tungsten arc welding(GTAW) and partial melting(simulated using furnace,salt bath and Gleeble) experiments were conducted. The results show that practically there would not be a critical heating rate during the welding to prevent constitutional liquation. The gradual change of the re-solidification microstructure within PMZ from base metal side to weld metal side was characterized. A sharp transition from base metal to PMZ has been observed. It is found that the original partially divorced eutectic has become a more regular eutectic in most of the PMZ,although close to the fusion boundary the re-solidified eutectic is again a more divorced one. Proceeding the eutectic re-solidification,α-Mg re-solidified with a cellular growth resulting in a serrated interface. The morphological change affected by the peak temperature and cooling rate will be presented and explained.展开更多
Antiviral software systems (AVSs) have problems in identifying polymorphic variants of viruses without explicit signatures for such variants. Alignment-based techniques from bioinformatics may provide a novel way to g...Antiviral software systems (AVSs) have problems in identifying polymorphic variants of viruses without explicit signatures for such variants. Alignment-based techniques from bioinformatics may provide a novel way to generate signatures from consensuses found in polymorphic variant code. We demonstrate how multiple sequence alignment supplemented with gap penalties leads to viral code signatures that generalize successfully to previously known polymorphic variants of JS. Cassandra virus and previously unknown polymorphic variants of W32.CTX/W32.Cholera and W32.Kitti viruses. The implications are that future smart AVSs may be able to generate effective signatures automatically from actual viral code by varying gap penalties to cover for both known and unknown polymorphic variants.展开更多
Context information is significant for semantic extraction and recovery of messages in semantic communication.However,context information is not fully utilized in the existing semantic communication systems since re-l...Context information is significant for semantic extraction and recovery of messages in semantic communication.However,context information is not fully utilized in the existing semantic communication systems since re-lationships between sentences are often ignored.In this paper,we propose an Extended Context-based Semantic Communication(ECSC)system for text transmission,in which context information within and between sentences is explored for semantic representation and recovery.At the encoder,self-attention and segment-level relative attention are used to extract context information within and between sentences,respectively.In addition,a gate mechanism is adopted at the encoder to incorporate the context information from different ranges.At the decoder,Transformer-XL is introduced to obtain more semantic information from the historical communication processes for semantic recovery.Simulation results show the effectiveness of our proposed model in improving the semantic accuracy between transmitted and recovered messages under various channel conditions.展开更多
文摘Purpose:Citations can be used in evaluative bibliometrics to measure the impact of papers.However,citation analysis can be extended by a multi-dimensional perspective on citation impact which is intended to receive more specific information about the kind of received impact.Design/methodology/approach:Bornmann,Wray,and Haunschild(2019)introduced citation concept analysis(CCA)for capturing the importance and usefulness certain concepts have in subsequent research.The method is based on the analysis of citances-the contexts of citations in citing papers.This study applies the method by investigating the impact of various concepts introduced in the oeuvre of the world-leading French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu.Findings:We found that the most cited concepts are‘social capital’(with about 34%of the citances in the citing papers),‘cultural capital’,and‘habitus’(both with about 24%).On the other hand,the concepts‘doxa’and‘reflexivity’score only about 1%each.Research limitations:The formulation of search terms for identifying the concepts in the data and the citation context coverage are the most important limitations of the study.Practical implications:The results of this explorative study reflect the historical development of Bourdieu’s thought and its interface with different fields of study.Originality/value:The study demonstrates the high explanatory power of the CCA method.
基金supported by Yunnan Provincial Basic Research Project(202401AT070344)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62263014).
文摘1 Introduction With the continuous increase in global population,the demand for energy is upgrading at an unprecedented rate.At present,fossil fuels dominate the global energy landscape,but their limitations lay the groundwork for the upcoming global energy crisis[1].The non renewable nature of fossil fuels,coupled with increasing energy consumption,poses a significant threat to the long-term energy security of the world.In addition,the combustion of fossil fuels releases a large amount of air pollutants such as carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide,leading to serious environmental pollution and climate change.These environmental issues have far-reaching impacts,including rising sea levels,extreme weather events,and loss of biodiversity[2–4].
基金supported by Yunnan Provincial Basic Research Project(202401AT070344)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62263014).
文摘1 Introduction Amid escalating global climate change,the“dual carbon”goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality have become a focal point of global attention and an important strategy for sustainable development[1].With the rapid development of renewable energy technologies and the increasing public demand for environmental protection and low-carbon living,the adoption of new energy vehicles,particularly electric vehicles(EVs).
文摘Background:Undernutrition poses a major threat for the growth and development of children in remote island regions of Bangladesh.Methods:This study investigated the prevalence and risk predictors of undernutrition among children under five in the island regions of Bangladesh.A cross‐sectional study was conducted in 13 unions across two islands,with a random sample of 549 children.Results:Descriptive analyses showed that underweight(Z‐score<−2),wasting(Z‐score<−2),and stunting(Z‐score<−2)were prevalent,with rates of 36.80%,24.60%,and 47.20%,respectively.Significant predictors of underweight included a history of diarrhea(AOR=2.24,p<0.001),acute respiratory infection(ARI)(AOR=1.84,p<0.01),anemic caregivers(AOR=1.52,p<0.05),and belonging to day labor families(AOR=0.29,p<0.01).Childhood wasting was significantly associated with partial vaccination(AOR=2.84,p<0.001),large family size(AOR=1.79,p<0.05),higher birth order(AOR=0.58,p<0.05),diarrhea(AOR=3.09,p<0.001),anemic mothers(AOR=1.89,p<0.05),primary(AOR=3.35,p<0.05)and secondary(AOR=4.11,p<0.01)maternal education,and fathers working abroad(AOR=0.42,p<0.05)or as daily laborers(AOR=0.17,p<0.001).Stunting was more common among children with partial vaccination,diarrhea,and ARI,and less common among those with a history of fever or those from day laborer families.Conclusion:Overall,undernutrition among children in the island areas of Bangladesh is influenced by multiple factors,necessitating a multisectoral approach to improve their nutritional status.
基金国家自然科学基金(30871752,30570421)The International Science and Technology(ISAT)Linkages Fund,Royal Society of New Zealand(ISATB09-33)+1 种基金广东省科技重点专项(2003A3080502)教育部留学回国人员科研启动基金
文摘This paper presents a novel five degrees of freedom (DOF) two-wheeled robotic machine (TWRM) that delivers solutions for both industrial and service robotic applications by enlarging the vehicle′s workspace and increasing its flexibility. Designing a two-wheeled robot with five degrees of freedom creates a high challenge for the control, therefore the modelling and design of such robot should be precise with a uniform distribution of mass over the robot and the actuators. By employing the Lagrangian modelling approach, the TWRM′s mathematical model is derived and simulated in Matlab/Simulink?. For stabilizing the system′s highly nonlinear model, two control approaches were developed and implemented: proportional-integral-derivative (PID) and fuzzy logic control (FLC) strategies. Considering multiple scenarios with different initial conditions, the proposed control strategies′ performance has been assessed.
文摘Objective: Acupuncture guidelines have advised caution when treating women during pregnancy,because historical ‘‘forbidden" acupuncture points are believed to stimulate miscarriage or early labor.Despite recent research demonstrating that acupuncture is a useful and safe treatment tool for pregnancy-related low-back pain(LBP) and pelvic girdle pain(PGP), it is postulated that fear of miscarriage and subsequent blame by association, restricts its provision. More recently, an increase in dry needling(DN) courses for physiotherapists has potentiated the rapid growth in DN practice in New Zealand(NZ). Many dry needlers do not consider DN to be a form of acupuncture; it is unknown if they have similar safety concerns.Methods: NZ registered physiotherapists practicing acupuncture and/or DN were invited to participate in an electronic survey to examine their practice and level of understanding in regard to safe needling during pregnancy.Results: Of 124 respondents, only 60(48%) would needle pregnant women, with a further 66% of those still expressing safety concerns. NZ physiotherapists practicing DN only, were more likely to needle areas related to ‘‘forbidden" points in all trimesters. However, overall, NZ physiotherapists were less likely to needle ‘‘forbidden" points than their UK peers.Conclusion: Conflicting literature and a ‘‘fear of blame" influences NZ physiotherapists' decisions to offer needling(both acupuncture and DN) during pregnancy. Further training in this field is recommended to ensure safe practice and adequate provision of acupuncture treatment options for pregnant women suffering musculoskeletal pain, such as LBP and PGP. Further research, particularly into DN, for women during pregnancy, is warranted.
基金funded by the Ministry of Business,Innovation and Employment Endeavour Fund of New Zealand(MAUX1801)supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M692622).
文摘An efficient chamber-induced activation method was applied for the preparation of holey graphene/cellulose nanofiber-based film with high specific surface area(SSA)and multiple channels through the graphene nanosheets.With the cellulose nanofiber(CNF)simultaneously serving as“dispersing agent,”“spacer,”and“activating agent,”the graphene oxide(GO)nanosheets are perforated by the pyrolysis gas from CNF in the confined space inside the hybrid films,uniformly dispersed,and sandwiched between CNF networks with less agglomeration and restacking.Additionally,we have proved that H2O and H2 are primarily responsible for the activation and etching of GO/CNF film.As the CNF content increases,the mesoporosity of the activated reduced GO/CNF(A-RGO/CNF)film increases,and the graphene nanosheets show more nanopore perforations.Benefitting from the high SSA,high density,moderate mesoporosity,and abundant channels for ion diffusion through the graphene nanosheets,the A-RGO/CNF film exhibits the highest specific capacitance of 323(236)F g^(−1)(F cm^(−3))at 1Ag^(−1).For the A-RGO5/CNF5 film containing half CNF and half GO,an excellent comprehensive electrochemical performance including superior rate performance(208(160)F g^(−1)(F cm^(−3))at 60Ag^(−1))is exhibited.Moreover,the A-RGO5/CNF5 electrode in an all-solid-state flexible symmetric supercapacitor delivers a high specific capacitance of 250(193)F g^(−1)(F cm^(−3))at 1Ag^(−1).This study provides a novel idea for the preparation of holey graphene-based film for supercapacitor electrodes.The strategy of simultaneously employing CNF as“dispersing agent,”“spacer,”and“activating agent”also offers a new vision for the assembly of homogeneous nanohybrid material and the utilization of pyrolysis gas.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 20977031)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(No. 09zr1409000)+2 种基金the Research Initiatives of the University of Hong Kong(2006)the Royal Society of New Zealand(ISAT B09-33)Faculty of Health & Environmental Sciences,Auckland University of Technology
文摘Two bacterial stains were isolated from the activated sludge and identified as Leucobacter sp. and Alcaligenesfaecalis by 16S rDNA sequencing. Pure cultures of these two strains, representing well or poorly settled bacteria, were used to investigate the mechanism of bioflocculation in activated sludge. Based on the analyses of the characteristics of cells hydrophobicity, ζ-potential, flocculation ability and extracellular polymeric substance （EPS） composition under different growth stages, it was found that the ratio of cell EPS protein had the highly influence on ζ-potential and hydrophobicity, which were important factors to bioflocculation. Cellulase and Proteinase K could destroy the extracellular biopolymer and resulted in a decrease in the hydrophobicity and ζ-potential. However, in our study, the flocculation characteristics exhibited differently in relation to cellulase and Proteinase K. Flocculation of cells treated with cellulase and Proteinase K decreased sharply, and then recovered quickly in cellulase treatment, while cells treated with Proteinase K showed no sign of recovery. This reveals that the presence of protein in extracellular biopolymer plays an important role to the bioflocculation of cells.
文摘Background:End-stage ankle arthritis impairs joint function and patients' mobility.Total ankle replacement is a surgical procedure to treat severe ankle arthritis.Salto Talaris Anatomic Ankle^(TM)(STAA) was designed to mimic the normal ankle anatomy and flexion/extension of the ankle movement.The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of an STAA ankle replacement on ankle joint function and mechanics during gait.Methods:Five patients with end-stage unilateral ankle arthritis were recruited.Patients performed level walking in a laboratory setting on 2occasions,prior to and 3 months after the STAA ankle surgeries.American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society(AOFAS) hindfoot score was obtained.A 12-camera motion capture system was used to perform walking analysis.Gait temporo-spatial parameters and ankle joint mechanics were evaluated.Paired Student's t tests and non-parametric Wilcoxon matched tests were performed to examine the differences in biomechanical variables between the pre-and post-surgery walking conditions.Results:Compared to the pre-surgical condition,at 3 months of post-STAA surgery,patients experienced greater improvement in AOFAS hindfoot score(p = 0.0001);the STAA ankle demonstrated a 31% increase in ankle joint excursion(p = 0.045),a 22% increase in ankle plantarflexor moment(p = 0.075),a 60% increase in ankle power absorption(p = 0.023),and a 68% increase in ankle power production(p = 0.039).Patients also demonstrated a 26% increase in walking speed(p = 0.005),a 20% increase in stride length(p = 0.013),a 15% decrease in double support time(p = 0.043),and a 5% decrease in total stance time(p = 0.055).Conclusion:Three months after surgeries,the STAA patients experienced improvements in ankle function and gait parameters.The STAA ankle demonstrated improved ankle mechanics during daily activities such as walking.
基金supported by a Vice-Chancellors Doctoral Scholarship obtained by EA (17968962)。
文摘Acute exposure to heat, such as that experienced by people arriving into a hotter or more humid environment, can compromise physical and cognitive performance as well as health. In military contexts heat stress is exacerbated by the combination of protective clothing, carried loads, and unique activity profiles, making them susceptible to heat illnesses. As the operational environment is dynamic and unpredictable, strategies to minimize the effects of heat should be planned and conducted prior to deployment. This review explores how heat acclimation(HA) prior to deployment may attenuate the effects of heat by initiating physiological and behavioural adaptations to more efficiently and effectively protect thermal homeostasis, thereby improving performance and reducing heat illness risk. HA usually requires access to heat chamber facilities and takes weeks to conduct, which can often make it impractical and infeasible, especially if there are other training requirements and expectations. Recent research in athletic populations has produced protocols that are more feasible and accessible by reducing the time taken to induce adaptations, as well as exploring new methods such as passive HA. These protocols use shorter HA periods or minimise additional training requirements respectively, while still invoking key physiological adaptations, such as lowered core temperature, reduced heart rate and increased sweat rate at a given intensity. For deployments of special units at short notice(< 1 day) it might be optimal to use heat re-acclimation to maintain an elevated baseline of heat tolerance for long periods in anticipation of such an event. Methods practical for military groups are yet to be fully understood, therefore further investigation into the effectiveness of HA methods is required to establish the most effective and feasible approach to implement them within military groups.
文摘Dear Editor,Congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens(CBAVD),a complete or partial defect of the Wolffian duct derivatives,is found in>25% of men with obstructive azoospermia(OA),but the underlying pathological mechanism remains poorly understood.Previous research has shown that the most common disease associated with CBAVD is cystic fibrosis(CF),the predominant manifestations of which include progressive lung disease,pancreatic dysfunction,elevated sweat chloride electrolyte,meconium ileus,and male infertility.
文摘Recently, location-based routings in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are attracting a lot of interest in the research community, especially because of its scalability. In location-based routing, the network size is scalable without increasing the signalling overhead as routing decisions are inherently localized. Here, each node is aware of its position in the network through some positioning device like GPS and uses this information in the routing mechanism. In this paper, we first discuss the basics of WSNs including the architecture of the network, energy consumption for the components of a typical sensor node, and draw a detailed picture of classification of location-based routing protocols. Then, we present a systematic and comprehensive taxonomy of location-based routing protocols, mostly for sensor networks. All the schemes are subsequently discussed in depth. Finally, we conclude the paper with some insights on potential research directions for location-based routing in WSNs.
文摘During the welding of AZ91 cast alloy,the presence of eutectic β-Mg17Al12 phase results in constitutional liquation in the original interdendritic regions and in the formation of a partially melted zone(PMZ). In this study,gas tungsten arc welding(GTAW) and partial melting(simulated using furnace,salt bath and Gleeble) experiments were conducted. The results show that practically there would not be a critical heating rate during the welding to prevent constitutional liquation. The gradual change of the re-solidification microstructure within PMZ from base metal side to weld metal side was characterized. A sharp transition from base metal to PMZ has been observed. It is found that the original partially divorced eutectic has become a more regular eutectic in most of the PMZ,although close to the fusion boundary the re-solidified eutectic is again a more divorced one. Proceeding the eutectic re-solidification,α-Mg re-solidified with a cellular growth resulting in a serrated interface. The morphological change affected by the peak temperature and cooling rate will be presented and explained.
文摘Antiviral software systems (AVSs) have problems in identifying polymorphic variants of viruses without explicit signatures for such variants. Alignment-based techniques from bioinformatics may provide a novel way to generate signatures from consensuses found in polymorphic variant code. We demonstrate how multiple sequence alignment supplemented with gap penalties leads to viral code signatures that generalize successfully to previously known polymorphic variants of JS. Cassandra virus and previously unknown polymorphic variants of W32.CTX/W32.Cholera and W32.Kitti viruses. The implications are that future smart AVSs may be able to generate effective signatures automatically from actual viral code by varying gap penalties to cover for both known and unknown polymorphic variants.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.61931020,U19B2024,62171449,,62001483in part by the science and technology innovation Program of Hunan Province under Grant No.2021JJ40690.
文摘Context information is significant for semantic extraction and recovery of messages in semantic communication.However,context information is not fully utilized in the existing semantic communication systems since re-lationships between sentences are often ignored.In this paper,we propose an Extended Context-based Semantic Communication(ECSC)system for text transmission,in which context information within and between sentences is explored for semantic representation and recovery.At the encoder,self-attention and segment-level relative attention are used to extract context information within and between sentences,respectively.In addition,a gate mechanism is adopted at the encoder to incorporate the context information from different ranges.At the decoder,Transformer-XL is introduced to obtain more semantic information from the historical communication processes for semantic recovery.Simulation results show the effectiveness of our proposed model in improving the semantic accuracy between transmitted and recovered messages under various channel conditions.
