Moderate to severe perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy occurs in~1 to 3/1000 live births in high-income countries and is associated with a significant risk of death or neurodevelopmental disability.Detailed asse...Moderate to severe perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy occurs in~1 to 3/1000 live births in high-income countries and is associated with a significant risk of death or neurodevelopmental disability.Detailed assessment is important to help identify highrisk infants,to help families,and to support appropriate interventions.A wide range of monitoring tools is available to assess changes over time,including urine and blood biomarkers,neurological examination,and electroencephalography.At present,magnetic resonance imaging is unique as although it is expensive and not suited to monitoring the early evolution of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy by a week of life it can provide direct insight into the anatomical changes in the brain after hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and so offers strong prognostic information on the long-term outcome after hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.This review investigated the temporal dynamics of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy injuries,with a particular emphasis on exploring the correlation between the prognostic implications of magnetic resonance imaging scans in the first week of life and their relationship to long-term outcome prediction,particularly for infants treated with therapeutic hypothermia.A comprehensive literature search,from 2016 to 2024,identified 20 pertinent articles.This review highlights that while the optimal timing of magnetic resonance imaging scans is not clear,overall,it suggests that magnetic resonance imaging within the first week of life provides strong prognostic accuracy.Many challenges limit the timing consistency,particularly the need for intensive care and clinical monitoring.Conversely,although most reports examined the prognostic value of scans taken between 4 and 10 days after birth,there is evidence from small numbers of cases that,at times,brain injury may continue to evolve for weeks after birth.This suggests that in the future it will be important to explore a wider range of times after hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy to fully understand the optimal timing for predicting long-term outcomes.展开更多
This study explores the relationship between cardiac activity and biochemical indicators in Pacific oysters(Crassostrea gigas)during cold storage to develop a nondestructive vitality assessment method.Oysters were sto...This study explores the relationship between cardiac activity and biochemical indicators in Pacific oysters(Crassostrea gigas)during cold storage to develop a nondestructive vitality assessment method.Oysters were stored at−1℃ for 14 d,with cardiac patterns tracked via image analysis,and biochemical markers(pH,adenosine triphosphate(ATP)-related compounds,and adenylate energy charge(AEC))were assessed.Five cardiac patterns were identified,with regular alternating contractions common early but decreasing over time,aligning with declines in AEC(44.11%-35.52%)and pH(6.98-6.55).The intervals between ventricular and atrial contractions rose from 4.2 to 5.6 s,strongly correlating with biochemical signs of vitality loss.Image analysis revealed characteristic waveforms for each cardiac pattern,despite amplitude variations caused by optical artifacts.These findings indicate that cardiac pattern analysis via image processing could be an effective nondestructive indicator of oyster vitality,offering a novel approach to quality control in shellfish storage and distribution.展开更多
The paired cranial crests of Sinosaurus （Theropoda） have been hypothesized as too weak to resist mechanical loads during combat. Finite element analysis （FEA） is used to test this hypothesis, first with geometry o...The paired cranial crests of Sinosaurus （Theropoda） have been hypothesized as too weak to resist mechanical loads during combat. Finite element analysis （FEA） is used to test this hypothesis, first with geometry obtained through direct laser scanning of a well-preserved fossil of the crest, and then with two conceptual FE models of both crests analyzing the structure-deformation effects of fenestration. In the original fossil model, under direct loading on the dorsal faces of the crest, we found that the areas surrounding cavities on the crest experience shear stress that implies a high chance of material failure - the fracture of bone. In the conceptual model, a series of computational studies were conducted with varying loading directions. One simulation found that the shear stress and strain in the material around the cavity presented more deformation compared with the conceptual model without the cavities, and under this morphologically realistic scenario the loading conditions would result in local bone fractures. These model-based computational results indicate that the crest could not resist high loads, because it could not effectively decentralize the loading stress. Future investigations need to focus on more comprehensive computational experiments with more conditions, e.g. dynamical loading conditions, and direct palaeontological evidence.展开更多
The guanine radical cation(G?+)is formed by one-electron oxidation from its parent guanine(G).G?+is rapidly deprotonated in the aqueous phase resulting in the formation of the neutral guanine radical[G(-H)?].The loss ...The guanine radical cation(G?+)is formed by one-electron oxidation from its parent guanine(G).G?+is rapidly deprotonated in the aqueous phase resulting in the formation of the neutral guanine radical[G(-H)?].The loss of proton occurs at the N1 nitrogen,which is involved in the classical Watson-Crick base pairing with cytosine(C).Employing the density functional theory(DFT),it has been observed that a new shifted base pairing configuration is formed between G(-H)?and C constituting only two hydrogen bonds after deprotonation occurs.Using the DFT method,G(-H)?was paired with thymine(T),adenine(A)and G revealing substantial binding energies comparable to those of classical G-C and A-T base pairs.Hence,G(-H)?does not display any particular specificity for C compared to the other bases.Taking into account the long lifetime of the G(-H)?radical in the DNA helix(5 s)and the rapid duplication rate of DNA during mitosis/meiosis(5-500 bases per s),G(-H)?can pair promiscuously leading to errors in the duplication process.This scenario constitutes a new mechanism which explains how one-electron oxidation of the DNA double helix can lead to mutations.展开更多
Objective:This study was aimed at validating the accuracy of a proposed algorithm for fully automatic 3D left atrial segmentation and to compare its performance with existing deep learning algorithms.Methods:A two-sta...Objective:This study was aimed at validating the accuracy of a proposed algorithm for fully automatic 3D left atrial segmentation and to compare its performance with existing deep learning algorithms.Methods:A two-stage method with a shared 3D U-Net was proposed to segment the 3D left atrium.In this archi-tecture,the 3D U-Net was used to extract 3D features,a two-stage strategy was used to decrease segmentation error caused by the class imbalance problem,and the shared network was designed to decrease model complexity.Model performance was evaluated with the DICE score,Jaccard index and Hausdorff distance.Results:Algorithm development and evaluation were performed with a set of 100 late gadolinium-enhanced car-diovascular magnetic resonance images.Our method achieved a DICE score of 0.918,a Jaccard index of 0.848 and a Hausdorff distance of 1.211,thus,outperforming existing deep learning algorithms.The best performance of the proposed model(DICE:0.851;Jaccard:0.750;Hausdorff distance:4.382)was also achieved on a publicly available 2013 image data set.Conclusion:The proposed two-stage method with a shared 3D U-Net is an efficient algorithm for fully automatic 3D left atrial segmentation.This study provides a solution for processing large datasets in resource-constrained applica-tions.Significance Statement:Studying atrial structure directly is crucial for comprehending and managing atrial fibril-lation(AF).Accurate reconstruction and measurement of atrial geometry for clinical purposes remains challenging,despite potential improvements in the visibility of AF-associated structures with late gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.This difficulty arises from the varying intensities caused by increased tissue enhancement and artifacts,as well as variability in image quality.Therefore,an efficient algorithm for fully automatic 3D left atrial seg-mentation is proposed in the present study.展开更多
It was found that the discovery of 5.8%(84/1437) of all drugs on the market involved serendipity. Of these drugs, 31(2.2%) were discovered following an incident in the laboratory and 53(3.7%) were discovered in a clin...It was found that the discovery of 5.8%(84/1437) of all drugs on the market involved serendipity. Of these drugs, 31(2.2%) were discovered following an incident in the laboratory and 53(3.7%) were discovered in a clinical setting. In addition, 263(18.3%) of the pharmaceuticals in clinical use today are chemical derivatives of the drugs discovered with the aid of serendipity. Therefore, in total, 24.1%(347/1437) of marketed drugs can be directly traced to serendipitous events confirming the importance of this elusive phenomenon. In the case of anticancer drugs, 35.2%(31/88) can be attributed to a serendipitous event, which is somewhat larger than for all drugs. The therapeutic field that has benefited the most from serendipity are central nervous system active drugs reflecting the difficulty in designing compounds to pass the blood-brain-barrier and the lack of laboratory-based assays for many of the diseases of the mind.展开更多
Background Heart failure is a significant problem leading to repeated hospitalizations. Telemonitoring and hemodynamic monitoring have demonstrated success in reducing hospitalization rates, but not all studies report...Background Heart failure is a significant problem leading to repeated hospitalizations. Telemonitoring and hemodynamic monitoring have demonstrated success in reducing hospitalization rates, but not all studies reported significant effects. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to examine the effectiveness of telemonitoring and wireless hemodynamic monitoring devices in reducing hospitalizations in heart failure. Methods ＆ Results PubMed and Cochrane Library were searched up to 1st May 2017 for articles that investigated the effects of telemonitoring or hemodynamic monitoring on hospitalization rates in heart failure. In 31,501 patients （mean age： 68 ± 12 years; 61% male; follow-up 11 ± 8 months）, telemonitoring reduced hospitalization rates with a HR of 0.73 （95% CI： 0.65-0.83; P 〈 0.0001） with significant heterogeneity （I2 = 94%）. These effects were observed in the short-term （≤ 6 months： HR = 0.77, 95% CI： 0.65-0.89; P 〈 0.01） and long-term （≥ 12 months： HR = 0.73, 95% CI： 0.62-0.87; P 〈 0.0001）. In 4831 patients （mean age 66 ± 18 years; 66% male; follow-up 13 ± 4 months）, wireless hemodynamic monitoring also reduced hospitalization rates with a HR of 0.60 （95% CI： 0.53-0.69; P 〈 0.001） with significant heterogeneity （I2 = 64%）.This reduction was observed both in the short-term （HR = 0.55, 95% CI： 0.45-0.68; P 〈 0.001; I2 = 72%） and long-term （HR = 0.64, 95% CI： 0.57-0.72; P 〈 0.001; I2 = 55%）. Conclusions Telemonitoring and hemodynamic monitoring reduce hospitalization in both short- and long-term in heart failure patients展开更多
Crop height measurement is widely used to analyze and estimate the overall crop condition and the amount of biomass production.Not only is manual measurement on a large scale time-consuming but also it is not practica...Crop height measurement is widely used to analyze and estimate the overall crop condition and the amount of biomass production.Not only is manual measurement on a large scale time-consuming but also it is not practical.Besides,advanced equipment is available but they require technical skills and are not reasonable for smallholders.This article investigates the feasibility of a simple and low-cost measurement system that can monitor crops height of paddy rice and wheat using laser technology.After designing and fabricating,this system was tested and evaluated in both laboratory and farm sections.In the laboratory,paddy rice height was measured,and in the field section,the height detection system measured wheat height.The results showed that the coefficient of determination(R3)between manual measurement and height detection system measurement for paddy rice was 0.96 and for wheat was 0.85.Besides,there was no significant difference between the two datasets at the level of 5%.Hence,this system can be a useful and accurate tool to monitor crops height in different growing steps.展开更多
Despite repeated proposals to uillize superconducting magnets in space since at least the 1970s,examples of their use remain scant.One of the technical challenges is to maintai n sui table cryogenic temperatures on a ...Despite repeated proposals to uillize superconducting magnets in space since at least the 1970s,examples of their use remain scant.One of the technical challenges is to maintai n sui table cryogenic temperatures on a spacecraft.This challenge can be alleviated by the use of flux pumps to reduce the required cryogenic cooling power needed to energize the superconducting magnet.This paper describes the design and initial test results of the flux pump to fulfll the requirements of the Haki mission that will operate a high-temperature supercon-ducting magnet on an extemal platorm of the International Space Station.A transfomer based,self-recti fier architecture was chosen for the flux pump.An effecive circuit model used to deign its electromagnetc properties and fini teelement modelling used in its mechanical and thermal design.Liquid nitrogen tests were used to demonstrate that the electrical performance of the flux pump meets requirements.Higher-fidelity tests using flight-like copies of the hardware and software were undertaken and validated the thermal modelling.These tests also featured the continuous operation of the flux pump in a conduction-cooled setting for over 100 h,relecting an inherent reliability of this technology.Whilst further testing and flight qualification remains to be completed,we anticipate an on-orbit demonstration of this flux pump technology in April 2025.Such a demonstration will signal a maturing of this emergi ng superconducting technology for both in-space and terrestrial applications.展开更多
Single-leg landing(SL)is often associated with a high injury risk,especially anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)injuries and lateral ankle sprain.This work investigates the relationship between ankle motion patterns(ankle...Single-leg landing(SL)is often associated with a high injury risk,especially anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)injuries and lateral ankle sprain.This work investigates the relationship between ankle motion patterns(ankle initial contact angle[AICA]and ankle range of motion[AROM])and the lower limb injury risk during SL,and proposes an optimized landing strategy that can reduce the injury risk.To more realistically revert and simulate the ACL injury mechanics,we developed a knee musculoskeletal model that reverts the ACL ligament to a nonlinear short-term viscoelastic mechanical mechanism(strain ratedependent)generated by the dense connective tissue as a function of strain.Sixty healthy male subjects were recruited to collect biomechanics data during SL.The correlation analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between AICA,AROM,and peak vertical ground reaction force(PVGRF),joint total energy dissipation(TED),peak ankle knee hip sagittal moment,peak ankle inversion angle(PAIA),and peak ACL force(PAF).AICA exhibits a negative correlation with PVGRF(r=−0.591)and PAF(r=−0.554),and a positive correlation with TED(r=0.490)and PAIA(r=0.502).AROM exhibits a positive correlation with TED(r=0.687)and PAIA(r=0.600).The results suggested that the appropriate increases in AICA(30°to 40°)and AROM(50°to 70°)may reduce the lower limb injury risk.This study has the potential to offer novel perspectives on the optimized application of landing strategies,thus giving the crucial theoretical basis for decreasing injury risk.展开更多
The parameter setting of functional electrical stimulation(FES)is important for active recovery training since it affects muscle health.Among the FES parameters,current amplitude is the most influential factor.To expl...The parameter setting of functional electrical stimulation(FES)is important for active recovery training since it affects muscle health.Among the FES parameters,current amplitude is the most influential factor.To explore the FES effect on the maximum stimulation time,this study establishes a curve between FES current amplitude and the maximum stimulation time based on muscle fatigue.We collect 10 subjects’surface electromyography under dumbbell weightlifting training and analyze the muscle fatigue state by calculating the root mean square(RMS)of power.By analyzing signal RMS,the fatigue characteristic curves under different fatigue levels are obtained.According to the muscle response under FES,the relationship curve between the current amplitude and the maximum stimulation time is established and FES parameters’effect on the maximum stimulation time is obtained.The linear curve provides a reference for FES parameter setting,which can help to set stimulation time safely,thus preventing the muscles from entering an excessive fatigue state and becoming more active to muscle recovery training.展开更多
Invasive techniques are becoming increasingly important in the presurgical evaluation of epilepsy.Adopting the electrophysiological source imaging(ESI)of interictal scalp electroencephalography(EEG)to localize the epi...Invasive techniques are becoming increasingly important in the presurgical evaluation of epilepsy.Adopting the electrophysiological source imaging(ESI)of interictal scalp electroencephalography(EEG)to localize the epileptogenic zone remains a challenge.The accuracy of the preoperative localization of the epileptogenic zone is key to curing epilepsy.The T1 MRI and the boundary element method were used to build the realistic head model.To solve the inverse problem,the distributed inverse solution and equivalent current dipole(ECD)methods were employed to locate the epileptogenic zone.Furthermore,a combination of inverse solution algorithms and Granger causality connectivity measures was evaluated.The ECD method exhibited excellent focalization in lateralization and localization,achieving a coincidence rate of 99.02%(p<0.05)with the stereo electroencephalogram.The combination of ECD and the directed transfer function led to excellent matching between the information flow obtained from intracranial and scalp EEG recordings.The ECD inverse solution method showed the highest performance and could extract the discharge information at the cortex level from noninvasive low-density EEG data.Thus,the accurate preoperative localization of the epileptogenic zone could reduce the number of intracranial electrode implantations required.展开更多
Prediction of the progression of an infectious disease outbreak is important for planning and coordinating a response.Differential equations are often used to model an epidemic outbreak's behaviour but are challen...Prediction of the progression of an infectious disease outbreak is important for planning and coordinating a response.Differential equations are often used to model an epidemic outbreak's behaviour but are challenging to parameterise.Furthermore,these models can suffer from misspecification,which biases predictions and parameter estimates.Stochastic models can help with misspecification but are even more expensive to simulate and perform inference with.Here,we develop an explicitly likelihood-based variation of the generalised profiling method as a tool for prediction and inference under model mis-specification.Our approach allows us to carry out identifiability analysis and uncertainty quantification using profile likelihood-based methods without the need for marginalisation.We provide justification for this approach by introducing a new interpretation of the model approximation component as a stochastic constraint.This preserves the rationale for using profiling rather than integration to remove nuisance parameters while also providing a link back to stochastic models.We applied an initial version of this method during an outbreak of measles in Samoa in 2019e2020 and found that it achieved relatively fast,accurate predictions.Here we present the most recent version of our method and its application to this measles outbreak,along with additional validation.展开更多
基金supported by a grant from the Health Research New Zealand(HRC)22/559(to AJG and LB)。
文摘Moderate to severe perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy occurs in~1 to 3/1000 live births in high-income countries and is associated with a significant risk of death or neurodevelopmental disability.Detailed assessment is important to help identify highrisk infants,to help families,and to support appropriate interventions.A wide range of monitoring tools is available to assess changes over time,including urine and blood biomarkers,neurological examination,and electroencephalography.At present,magnetic resonance imaging is unique as although it is expensive and not suited to monitoring the early evolution of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy by a week of life it can provide direct insight into the anatomical changes in the brain after hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and so offers strong prognostic information on the long-term outcome after hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.This review investigated the temporal dynamics of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy injuries,with a particular emphasis on exploring the correlation between the prognostic implications of magnetic resonance imaging scans in the first week of life and their relationship to long-term outcome prediction,particularly for infants treated with therapeutic hypothermia.A comprehensive literature search,from 2016 to 2024,identified 20 pertinent articles.This review highlights that while the optimal timing of magnetic resonance imaging scans is not clear,overall,it suggests that magnetic resonance imaging within the first week of life provides strong prognostic accuracy.Many challenges limit the timing consistency,particularly the need for intensive care and clinical monitoring.Conversely,although most reports examined the prognostic value of scans taken between 4 and 10 days after birth,there is evidence from small numbers of cases that,at times,brain injury may continue to evolve for weeks after birth.This suggests that in the future it will be important to explore a wider range of times after hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy to fully understand the optimal timing for predicting long-term outcomes.
基金supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(No.19H05611).
文摘This study explores the relationship between cardiac activity and biochemical indicators in Pacific oysters(Crassostrea gigas)during cold storage to develop a nondestructive vitality assessment method.Oysters were stored at−1℃ for 14 d,with cardiac patterns tracked via image analysis,and biochemical markers(pH,adenosine triphosphate(ATP)-related compounds,and adenylate energy charge(AEC))were assessed.Five cardiac patterns were identified,with regular alternating contractions common early but decreasing over time,aligning with declines in AEC(44.11%-35.52%)and pH(6.98-6.55).The intervals between ventricular and atrial contractions rose from 4.2 to 5.6 s,strongly correlating with biochemical signs of vitality loss.Image analysis revealed characteristic waveforms for each cardiac pattern,despite amplitude variations caused by optical artifacts.These findings indicate that cardiac pattern analysis via image processing could be an effective nondestructive indicator of oyster vitality,offering a novel approach to quality control in shellfish storage and distribution.
文摘The paired cranial crests of Sinosaurus （Theropoda） have been hypothesized as too weak to resist mechanical loads during combat. Finite element analysis （FEA） is used to test this hypothesis, first with geometry obtained through direct laser scanning of a well-preserved fossil of the crest, and then with two conceptual FE models of both crests analyzing the structure-deformation effects of fenestration. In the original fossil model, under direct loading on the dorsal faces of the crest, we found that the areas surrounding cavities on the crest experience shear stress that implies a high chance of material failure - the fracture of bone. In the conceptual model, a series of computational studies were conducted with varying loading directions. One simulation found that the shear stress and strain in the material around the cavity presented more deformation compared with the conceptual model without the cavities, and under this morphologically realistic scenario the loading conditions would result in local bone fractures. These model-based computational results indicate that the crest could not resist high loads, because it could not effectively decentralize the loading stress. Future investigations need to focus on more comprehensive computational experiments with more conditions, e.g. dynamical loading conditions, and direct palaeontological evidence.
文摘The guanine radical cation(G?+)is formed by one-electron oxidation from its parent guanine(G).G?+is rapidly deprotonated in the aqueous phase resulting in the formation of the neutral guanine radical[G(-H)?].The loss of proton occurs at the N1 nitrogen,which is involved in the classical Watson-Crick base pairing with cytosine(C).Employing the density functional theory(DFT),it has been observed that a new shifted base pairing configuration is formed between G(-H)?and C constituting only two hydrogen bonds after deprotonation occurs.Using the DFT method,G(-H)?was paired with thymine(T),adenine(A)and G revealing substantial binding energies comparable to those of classical G-C and A-T base pairs.Hence,G(-H)?does not display any particular specificity for C compared to the other bases.Taking into account the long lifetime of the G(-H)?radical in the DNA helix(5 s)and the rapid duplication rate of DNA during mitosis/meiosis(5-500 bases per s),G(-H)?can pair promiscuously leading to errors in the duplication process.This scenario constitutes a new mechanism which explains how one-electron oxidation of the DNA double helix can lead to mutations.
基金This research was funded by the Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2023A1515012833J.B.)+6 种基金Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou(202201010544J.B.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61901192J.B.)National Key Research and Development Project(2019YFC0120100,2019YFC0121907 and 2019YFC0121904H.W.,J.B.and Y.L.)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization(2021B1212040007).
文摘Objective:This study was aimed at validating the accuracy of a proposed algorithm for fully automatic 3D left atrial segmentation and to compare its performance with existing deep learning algorithms.Methods:A two-stage method with a shared 3D U-Net was proposed to segment the 3D left atrium.In this archi-tecture,the 3D U-Net was used to extract 3D features,a two-stage strategy was used to decrease segmentation error caused by the class imbalance problem,and the shared network was designed to decrease model complexity.Model performance was evaluated with the DICE score,Jaccard index and Hausdorff distance.Results:Algorithm development and evaluation were performed with a set of 100 late gadolinium-enhanced car-diovascular magnetic resonance images.Our method achieved a DICE score of 0.918,a Jaccard index of 0.848 and a Hausdorff distance of 1.211,thus,outperforming existing deep learning algorithms.The best performance of the proposed model(DICE:0.851;Jaccard:0.750;Hausdorff distance:4.382)was also achieved on a publicly available 2013 image data set.Conclusion:The proposed two-stage method with a shared 3D U-Net is an efficient algorithm for fully automatic 3D left atrial segmentation.This study provides a solution for processing large datasets in resource-constrained applica-tions.Significance Statement:Studying atrial structure directly is crucial for comprehending and managing atrial fibril-lation(AF).Accurate reconstruction and measurement of atrial geometry for clinical purposes remains challenging,despite potential improvements in the visibility of AF-associated structures with late gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.This difficulty arises from the varying intensities caused by increased tissue enhancement and artifacts,as well as variability in image quality.Therefore,an efficient algorithm for fully automatic 3D left atrial seg-mentation is proposed in the present study.
文摘It was found that the discovery of 5.8%(84/1437) of all drugs on the market involved serendipity. Of these drugs, 31(2.2%) were discovered following an incident in the laboratory and 53(3.7%) were discovered in a clinical setting. In addition, 263(18.3%) of the pharmaceuticals in clinical use today are chemical derivatives of the drugs discovered with the aid of serendipity. Therefore, in total, 24.1%(347/1437) of marketed drugs can be directly traced to serendipitous events confirming the importance of this elusive phenomenon. In the case of anticancer drugs, 35.2%(31/88) can be attributed to a serendipitous event, which is somewhat larger than for all drugs. The therapeutic field that has benefited the most from serendipity are central nervous system active drugs reflecting the difficulty in designing compounds to pass the blood-brain-barrier and the lack of laboratory-based assays for many of the diseases of the mind.
文摘Background Heart failure is a significant problem leading to repeated hospitalizations. Telemonitoring and hemodynamic monitoring have demonstrated success in reducing hospitalization rates, but not all studies reported significant effects. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to examine the effectiveness of telemonitoring and wireless hemodynamic monitoring devices in reducing hospitalizations in heart failure. Methods ＆ Results PubMed and Cochrane Library were searched up to 1st May 2017 for articles that investigated the effects of telemonitoring or hemodynamic monitoring on hospitalization rates in heart failure. In 31,501 patients （mean age： 68 ± 12 years; 61% male; follow-up 11 ± 8 months）, telemonitoring reduced hospitalization rates with a HR of 0.73 （95% CI： 0.65-0.83; P 〈 0.0001） with significant heterogeneity （I2 = 94%）. These effects were observed in the short-term （≤ 6 months： HR = 0.77, 95% CI： 0.65-0.89; P 〈 0.01） and long-term （≥ 12 months： HR = 0.73, 95% CI： 0.62-0.87; P 〈 0.0001）. In 4831 patients （mean age 66 ± 18 years; 66% male; follow-up 13 ± 4 months）, wireless hemodynamic monitoring also reduced hospitalization rates with a HR of 0.60 （95% CI： 0.53-0.69; P 〈 0.001） with significant heterogeneity （I2 = 64%）.This reduction was observed both in the short-term （HR = 0.55, 95% CI： 0.45-0.68; P 〈 0.001; I2 = 72%） and long-term （HR = 0.64, 95% CI： 0.57-0.72; P 〈 0.001; I2 = 55%）. Conclusions Telemonitoring and hemodynamic monitoring reduce hospitalization in both short- and long-term in heart failure patients
文摘Crop height measurement is widely used to analyze and estimate the overall crop condition and the amount of biomass production.Not only is manual measurement on a large scale time-consuming but also it is not practical.Besides,advanced equipment is available but they require technical skills and are not reasonable for smallholders.This article investigates the feasibility of a simple and low-cost measurement system that can monitor crops height of paddy rice and wheat using laser technology.After designing and fabricating,this system was tested and evaluated in both laboratory and farm sections.In the laboratory,paddy rice height was measured,and in the field section,the height detection system measured wheat height.The results showed that the coefficient of determination(R3)between manual measurement and height detection system measurement for paddy rice was 0.96 and for wheat was 0.85.Besides,there was no significant difference between the two datasets at the level of 5%.Hence,this system can be a useful and accurate tool to monitor crops height in different growing steps.
基金funded by the New Zealand Ministry of Business,Innovation and Employment through the project‘High Magnetic Field Electric Propulsion for Space’,contract number RTVU2003the Strategic Science Investment Fund‘Advanced Energy Technology Plat-forms’under Contract RTVU2004.
文摘Despite repeated proposals to uillize superconducting magnets in space since at least the 1970s,examples of their use remain scant.One of the technical challenges is to maintai n sui table cryogenic temperatures on a spacecraft.This challenge can be alleviated by the use of flux pumps to reduce the required cryogenic cooling power needed to energize the superconducting magnet.This paper describes the design and initial test results of the flux pump to fulfll the requirements of the Haki mission that will operate a high-temperature supercon-ducting magnet on an extemal platorm of the International Space Station.A transfomer based,self-recti fier architecture was chosen for the flux pump.An effecive circuit model used to deign its electromagnetc properties and fini teelement modelling used in its mechanical and thermal design.Liquid nitrogen tests were used to demonstrate that the electrical performance of the flux pump meets requirements.Higher-fidelity tests using flight-like copies of the hardware and software were undertaken and validated the thermal modelling.These tests also featured the continuous operation of the flux pump in a conduction-cooled setting for over 100 h,relecting an inherent reliability of this technology.Whilst further testing and flight qualification remains to be completed,we anticipate an on-orbit demonstration of this flux pump technology in April 2025.Such a demonstration will signal a maturing of this emergi ng superconducting technology for both in-space and terrestrial applications.
基金sponsored by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China for Distinguished Young Scholars(LR22A020002)the Zhejiang Provincial Key Research and Development Program of China(2023C03197)+5 种基金the Ningbo Key R&D Program(2022Z196)the Zhejiang Province Exploring Public Welfare Projects(LTGY23H040003)the Ningbo Natural Science Foundation(20221JCGY010532 and 20221JCGY010607)the Public Welfare Science and Technology Project of Ningbo,China(2021S134)the Zhejiang Rehabilitation Medical Association Scientific Research Special Fund(ZKKY2023001)sponsored by the China Scholarship Council(CSC).
文摘Single-leg landing(SL)is often associated with a high injury risk,especially anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)injuries and lateral ankle sprain.This work investigates the relationship between ankle motion patterns(ankle initial contact angle[AICA]and ankle range of motion[AROM])and the lower limb injury risk during SL,and proposes an optimized landing strategy that can reduce the injury risk.To more realistically revert and simulate the ACL injury mechanics,we developed a knee musculoskeletal model that reverts the ACL ligament to a nonlinear short-term viscoelastic mechanical mechanism(strain ratedependent)generated by the dense connective tissue as a function of strain.Sixty healthy male subjects were recruited to collect biomechanics data during SL.The correlation analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between AICA,AROM,and peak vertical ground reaction force(PVGRF),joint total energy dissipation(TED),peak ankle knee hip sagittal moment,peak ankle inversion angle(PAIA),and peak ACL force(PAF).AICA exhibits a negative correlation with PVGRF(r=−0.591)and PAF(r=−0.554),and a positive correlation with TED(r=0.490)and PAIA(r=0.502).AROM exhibits a positive correlation with TED(r=0.687)and PAIA(r=0.600).The results suggested that the appropriate increases in AICA(30°to 40°)and AROM(50°to 70°)may reduce the lower limb injury risk.This study has the potential to offer novel perspectives on the optimized application of landing strategies,thus giving the crucial theoretical basis for decreasing injury risk.
基金supported in part by National Natural Fund Projects(grant no.52320105008)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(grant no.F2021202003)+3 种基金the Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Training Program of Hebei University of Technology(grant no.HUBUT-Y-XKJC-202201)the Technology Nova of Hebei University of Technology(grant no.JBKYXX2007)the National Natural Science 12 Cognitive Neurodynamics Foundation of China(grant nos.51977060 and 62176090)the Key Research and Development Foundation of Hebei(grant nos.D and 21372002D).
文摘The parameter setting of functional electrical stimulation(FES)is important for active recovery training since it affects muscle health.Among the FES parameters,current amplitude is the most influential factor.To explore the FES effect on the maximum stimulation time,this study establishes a curve between FES current amplitude and the maximum stimulation time based on muscle fatigue.We collect 10 subjects’surface electromyography under dumbbell weightlifting training and analyze the muscle fatigue state by calculating the root mean square(RMS)of power.By analyzing signal RMS,the fatigue characteristic curves under different fatigue levels are obtained.According to the muscle response under FES,the relationship curve between the current amplitude and the maximum stimulation time is established and FES parameters’effect on the maximum stimulation time is obtained.The linear curve provides a reference for FES parameter setting,which can help to set stimulation time safely,thus preventing the muscles from entering an excessive fatigue state and becoming more active to muscle recovery training.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC2402203)the Key R&D Program of Hebei(21372002D)。
文摘Invasive techniques are becoming increasingly important in the presurgical evaluation of epilepsy.Adopting the electrophysiological source imaging(ESI)of interictal scalp electroencephalography(EEG)to localize the epileptogenic zone remains a challenge.The accuracy of the preoperative localization of the epileptogenic zone is key to curing epilepsy.The T1 MRI and the boundary element method were used to build the realistic head model.To solve the inverse problem,the distributed inverse solution and equivalent current dipole(ECD)methods were employed to locate the epileptogenic zone.Furthermore,a combination of inverse solution algorithms and Granger causality connectivity measures was evaluated.The ECD method exhibited excellent focalization in lateralization and localization,achieving a coincidence rate of 99.02%(p<0.05)with the stereo electroencephalogram.The combination of ECD and the directed transfer function led to excellent matching between the information flow obtained from intracranial and scalp EEG recordings.The ECD inverse solution method showed the highest performance and could extract the discharge information at the cortex level from noninvasive low-density EEG data.Thus,the accurate preoperative localization of the epileptogenic zone could reduce the number of intracranial electrode implantations required.
文摘Prediction of the progression of an infectious disease outbreak is important for planning and coordinating a response.Differential equations are often used to model an epidemic outbreak's behaviour but are challenging to parameterise.Furthermore,these models can suffer from misspecification,which biases predictions and parameter estimates.Stochastic models can help with misspecification but are even more expensive to simulate and perform inference with.Here,we develop an explicitly likelihood-based variation of the generalised profiling method as a tool for prediction and inference under model mis-specification.Our approach allows us to carry out identifiability analysis and uncertainty quantification using profile likelihood-based methods without the need for marginalisation.We provide justification for this approach by introducing a new interpretation of the model approximation component as a stochastic constraint.This preserves the rationale for using profiling rather than integration to remove nuisance parameters while also providing a link back to stochastic models.We applied an initial version of this method during an outbreak of measles in Samoa in 2019e2020 and found that it achieved relatively fast,accurate predictions.Here we present the most recent version of our method and its application to this measles outbreak,along with additional validation.
