The intermittent nature of solar irradiance is a critical constraint for the realization of continuous photocatalytic hydrogen evolution,thus urging the development of more powerful systems persistently active after i...The intermittent nature of solar irradiance is a critical constraint for the realization of continuous photocatalytic hydrogen evolution,thus urging the development of more powerful systems persistently active after illumination.This limitation is bypassed in round-the-clock photocatalytic architectures,which incorporate advanced charge storage to de-correlate pho-ton absorption and catalytic turnover time scales.The strategies involve defect-mediated trap states,multi-electron redox processes,radical-dependent stabilization,and an interfacial charge pool in Faradaic junctions to work together,leading to extended hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)in the dark.Long afterglow phosphorescent materials(e.g.,Sr_(2)MgSi_(2)O_(7):Eu^(2+),Dy^(3+))incorporated in heterojunction architectures with type II or Z-scheme band alignments can also promote fast charge separation for energy storage and subsequently enable controlled release after light quenching by the phosphorescent emis-sion.Advances in band-structure engineering,plasmonic coupling,and redox-active interfacial design result in systems with extraordinary stability and catalytic activity under natural day-night cycles.These stable photocatalytic systems off er a fundamentally new strategy for effi cient and environmentally benign sunlight-driven fuel production,meeting both per-formance and sustainability challenges to renewable energy technologies.展开更多
Efficient electrocatalytic rupture of energy-rich molecules(H_(2)and O_(2))is a green approach for gener-ating clean energy for modern societies.In this context,porphyry-type molecular electrocatalysts act intelligent...Efficient electrocatalytic rupture of energy-rich molecules(H_(2)and O_(2))is a green approach for gener-ating clean energy for modern societies.In this context,porphyry-type molecular electrocatalysts act intelligently toward oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),a fundamental process in fuel cells,due to their redox-rich chemistry,which involves core metal ions and macrocyclic ligands.The concerned scientific community has tried many times to correlate the ORR intermediates with their formation kinetics and simplify the associated multi H+/e-stages during the ORR process,constructing several volcano plots be-tween catalytic Tafel data,turnover frequencies,and overpotentials for many electrocatalysts.Despite the fact that many review articles on molecular electrocatalysts for ORR have been published,understanding the strategic implications and molecular catalyst intelligence towards homogenous ORR has been poorly explored.This review examined the relationships between volcano plots of current vs.thermodynamic parameters and the Sabatier principle in order to explain the intelligence of molecular electrocatalysts and approaches for their creation,as well as the difficulties and potential prospects of molecular electro-catalysts.These facts distinguish this review from previously published articles and will pique the scien-tific community’s interest in avoiding trial-and-error procedures for catalyst creation while also allowing for more exact evaluations of the molecular catalyst’s performance.展开更多
Wind-related disasters are one of the most frequent disasters in Indonesia.It can cause severe damages of residential construction,especially in the world's most populated island of Java.Understanding the characte...Wind-related disasters are one of the most frequent disasters in Indonesia.It can cause severe damages of residential construction,especially in the world's most populated island of Java.Understanding the characteristics of extreme winds is crucial for mitigating the disasters and for defining structural design standards.This study investigated the spatiotemporal variations of extreme winds and pioneered a design wind map in Indonesia by focusing on western Java.Based on gust data observed in recent years from 24 stations,the extreme winds exhibit a clear annual cycle where northwestern and southeastern sides of western Java show out-of-phase relationship due to reversal monsoons.Meanwhile,extreme wind occurrences are mostly affected by small-scale weather systems,regardless of seasons and locations.To build the wind map,we used bias-corrected gust from ERA5 and applied the Gumbel method to predict extreme winds with different return periods.The wind map highlights some drawbacks of the current national design standards,which use single wind speed values regardless of location and return period.Beside a fundamental improvement for wind design,this study will benefit disaster risk mapping and other applications that require extreme wind speed distribution.展开更多
基金Nguyen Tat Thanh University,Ho Chi Minh city,Vietnam,for supporting this study
文摘The intermittent nature of solar irradiance is a critical constraint for the realization of continuous photocatalytic hydrogen evolution,thus urging the development of more powerful systems persistently active after illumination.This limitation is bypassed in round-the-clock photocatalytic architectures,which incorporate advanced charge storage to de-correlate pho-ton absorption and catalytic turnover time scales.The strategies involve defect-mediated trap states,multi-electron redox processes,radical-dependent stabilization,and an interfacial charge pool in Faradaic junctions to work together,leading to extended hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)in the dark.Long afterglow phosphorescent materials(e.g.,Sr_(2)MgSi_(2)O_(7):Eu^(2+),Dy^(3+))incorporated in heterojunction architectures with type II or Z-scheme band alignments can also promote fast charge separation for energy storage and subsequently enable controlled release after light quenching by the phosphorescent emis-sion.Advances in band-structure engineering,plasmonic coupling,and redox-active interfacial design result in systems with extraordinary stability and catalytic activity under natural day-night cycles.These stable photocatalytic systems off er a fundamentally new strategy for effi cient and environmentally benign sunlight-driven fuel production,meeting both per-formance and sustainability challenges to renewable energy technologies.
基金funding this work through large group Research Project under grant number RGP2/172/44.
文摘Efficient electrocatalytic rupture of energy-rich molecules(H_(2)and O_(2))is a green approach for gener-ating clean energy for modern societies.In this context,porphyry-type molecular electrocatalysts act intelligently toward oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),a fundamental process in fuel cells,due to their redox-rich chemistry,which involves core metal ions and macrocyclic ligands.The concerned scientific community has tried many times to correlate the ORR intermediates with their formation kinetics and simplify the associated multi H+/e-stages during the ORR process,constructing several volcano plots be-tween catalytic Tafel data,turnover frequencies,and overpotentials for many electrocatalysts.Despite the fact that many review articles on molecular electrocatalysts for ORR have been published,understanding the strategic implications and molecular catalyst intelligence towards homogenous ORR has been poorly explored.This review examined the relationships between volcano plots of current vs.thermodynamic parameters and the Sabatier principle in order to explain the intelligence of molecular electrocatalysts and approaches for their creation,as well as the difficulties and potential prospects of molecular electro-catalysts.These facts distinguish this review from previously published articles and will pique the scien-tific community’s interest in avoiding trial-and-error procedures for catalyst creation while also allowing for more exact evaluations of the molecular catalyst’s performance.
基金funded by the Institute of Research and Community Service,Institut Teknologi Bandungfunded by the Newton Fund of the UKRI Natural Environment Research Council(NERC)。
文摘Wind-related disasters are one of the most frequent disasters in Indonesia.It can cause severe damages of residential construction,especially in the world's most populated island of Java.Understanding the characteristics of extreme winds is crucial for mitigating the disasters and for defining structural design standards.This study investigated the spatiotemporal variations of extreme winds and pioneered a design wind map in Indonesia by focusing on western Java.Based on gust data observed in recent years from 24 stations,the extreme winds exhibit a clear annual cycle where northwestern and southeastern sides of western Java show out-of-phase relationship due to reversal monsoons.Meanwhile,extreme wind occurrences are mostly affected by small-scale weather systems,regardless of seasons and locations.To build the wind map,we used bias-corrected gust from ERA5 and applied the Gumbel method to predict extreme winds with different return periods.The wind map highlights some drawbacks of the current national design standards,which use single wind speed values regardless of location and return period.Beside a fundamental improvement for wind design,this study will benefit disaster risk mapping and other applications that require extreme wind speed distribution.
