Coastal tourism holds substantial development potential.However,coastal ecosystems are affected by tourism development,which limits the supply of ecosystem services(ES).This study aims to conduct a systematic literatu...Coastal tourism holds substantial development potential.However,coastal ecosystems are affected by tourism development,which limits the supply of ecosystem services(ES).This study aims to conduct a systematic literature review on the impacts of tourism on coastal and marine ES using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-alpha Methods.We initially identified 640 studies by searching titles,abstracts,and keywords.After screening,only 50 studies met the criteria for inclusion in the review.The results showed a significant increase in publications between 2011 and 2023.Most studies were conducted in Europe,Asia,and North and Central America.The most used ES classifications were MEA and CICES.Most studies concentrated on the ES supply dimension(43 studies;86%).Cultural ES(47 studies;94%)were researched more than provisioning(28 studies;56%)and regulating&maintenance(29 studies;58%)sections.Regarding cultural ES,most studies were focused on“Physical and experiential interactions with the natural environment”(34 studies;68%)and on provisioning ES on“Wild animals(terrestrial and aquatic)for nutrition,materials or energy”(18 studies;36%).Quantitative and mixed methods were the most used in the reviewed studies.Most studies identified pressures from“Tourism,urbanisation,and population increase”(27 studies;54%)and focused on“Integrative/common management strategies”(20 studies;40%).Only a few of the studies’results have been validated by external data(10 studies;20%).This study provides an overview of the most assessed marine and coastal ES,where studies are needed with more comprehensive geographic coverage.展开更多
Cultural ecosystem services(CES),which encompass recreational and aesthetic values,contribute to human wellbeing and yet are often underrepresented in forest management planning due to challenges in quantifying these ...Cultural ecosystem services(CES),which encompass recreational and aesthetic values,contribute to human wellbeing and yet are often underrepresented in forest management planning due to challenges in quantifying these services.This study introduces the Recreational and Aesthetic Values of Forested Landscapes(RAFL)index,a novel framework combining six measurable recreational and aesthetic components:Stewardship,Naturalness,Complexity,Visual Scale,Historicity,and Ephemera.The RAFL index was integrated into a Linear Programming(LP)Resource Capability Model(RCM)to assess trade-offs between CES and other ecosystem services,including timber production,wildfire resistance,and biodiversity.The approach was applied in a case study in Northern Portugal,comparing two forest management scenarios:Business as Usual(BAU),dominated by eucalyptus plantations,and an Alternative Scenario(ALT),focused on the conversion to native species:cork oak,chestnut,and pedunculate oak.Results revealed that the ALT scenario consistently achieved higher RAFL values,reflecting its potential to enhance CES,while also supporting higher biodiversity and wildfire resilience compared to the BAU scenario.Results highlighted further that management may maintain steady timber production and wildfire regulatory services while addressing concerns with CES.This study provides a replicable methodology for quantifying CES and integrating them into forest management frameworks,offering actionable insights for decision-makers.The findings highlight the effectiveness of the approach in designing landscape mosaics that provide CES while addressing the need to supply provisioning and regulatory ecosystem services.展开更多
Water depths and flow velocities decisively influence the damage caused by flash floods.Geographic Information System(GIS)is a powerful and useful tool,allowing the spatial analysis of results obtained by hydraulic mo...Water depths and flow velocities decisively influence the damage caused by flash floods.Geographic Information System(GIS)is a powerful and useful tool,allowing the spatial analysis of results obtained by hydraulic modelling,namely from the HEC-RAS/HEC-GeoRAS software.The GIS spatial analysis performed in this study seeks to explain and quantify the spatial relationships between the stream channel features and flow components during flash flood events.Despite these relationships are generically known,there are few studies exploring this subject in different geographic contexts.A 1D hydraulic model was applied in a small watershed in Portugal,providing good results in the definition of floodable areas,water depths and longitudinal velocities.No direct relationship was found between water depths and velocities in the floodable areas;however,negative strong correlations were found between the two flow components along the stream centerlines.Bed slope,channel and flood width,and roughness prove to be highly relevant on the longitudinal variations of water depths and velocities and on the location of maximum values.Increasing peak discharges and return periods(R;)can change the relationships between water depths and velocities at the same location.Results can be improved with more accurate elevation data for stream channels and floodplains.展开更多
Pedestrianization is an urban revitalization strategy to enhance sustainability and livability in car-oriented cities.Despite many studies in this research field,the effects of pedestrianization on the economy of citi...Pedestrianization is an urban revitalization strategy to enhance sustainability and livability in car-oriented cities.Despite many studies in this research field,the effects of pedestrianization on the economy of cities in developing countries still need further investigation.Additionally,the impact of this strategy on the tenant mix of com-mercial and historical areas in Middle East countries is nebulous.To address these inadequacies,we considered Chaharbagh Abbasi street,located in the heart of Isfahan,Iran,and investigated the impact of a pedestrianization project with particular emphasis on how it affects the economic sustainability of existent commercial fabric.Pre-and post-project data along with field observations and quantifications used to assess structural replacements in trade,were analyzed with SPSS and ArcGIS software.The results revealed unexpected outcomes,such as the closure of some traditional businesses(27.5%),a stagnation in sales(69%)and a decrease in job offers(84%)leading the local economy to a fragile situation.Conversely,it was found that the footfall volume increased by 64% and 73% from the retailers’and pedestrians’viewpoints.This evolution along with a wide opening of food and beverage stores(approximately 60%)makes the post-pedestrianization results more promising than earlier predictions.In conclusion,these findings reinforce the importance of pedestrian streets in revitalizing economic activities in historical and commercial areas from the perspective of economic sustainability.Due to the lack of similar investigations in Middle East countries,these findings can support decision-makers and urban planners to take preventive measures in preserving the diversity of individual small shops for upcoming urban rehabilitation projects in terms of pedestrianization.展开更多
Ultra-high voltage(UHV)transmission lines are an important part of China’s power grid and are often surrounded by a complex electromagnetic environment.The ground total electric field is considered a main electromagn...Ultra-high voltage(UHV)transmission lines are an important part of China’s power grid and are often surrounded by a complex electromagnetic environment.The ground total electric field is considered a main electromagnetic environment indicator of UHV transmission lines and is currently employed for reliable long-term operation of the power grid.Yet,the accurate prediction of the ground total electric field remains a technical challenge.In this work,we collected the total electric field data from the Ningdong-Zhejiang±800 kV UHVDC transmission project,as of the Ling Shao line,and perform an outlier analysis of the total electric field data.We show that the Local Outlier Factor(LOF)elimination algorithm has a small average difference and overcomes the performance of Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise(DBSCAN)and Isolated Forest elimination algorithms.Moreover,the Stacking algorithm has been found to have superior prediction accuracy than a variety of similar prediction algorithms,including the traditional finite element.The low prediction error of the Stacking algorithm highlights the superior ability to accurately forecast the ground total electric field of UHVDC transmission lines.展开更多
In this study we aimed to assess the role of wild red deer,along with other ungulates such as roe deer and wild boar,in the soil’s physical properties,namely soil penetration resistance and depth(used as a proxy for ...In this study we aimed to assess the role of wild red deer,along with other ungulates such as roe deer and wild boar,in the soil’s physical properties,namely soil penetration resistance and depth(used as a proxy for soil compaction),hydraulic conductivity(a proxy for water infiltration),and the proportion of soil stable aggregates.Results showed that,at the density level found in our study area,red deer have a neutral effect at the soil level,not causing significant soil compaction or significantly influencing measured soil functions.展开更多
The taxonomy of the genus Colletotrichum has undergone tremendous changes over the last decade,with over 200 species being currently recognised and species complexes being informally used to cluster those species.Many...The taxonomy of the genus Colletotrichum has undergone tremendous changes over the last decade,with over 200 species being currently recognised and species complexes being informally used to cluster those species.Many of these species are important plant pathogens,some rather polyphagous and others host-specific,but several occur seldomly and some may in fact be ecologically endangered.Based mainly on literature from the past decade,in this work we review the occurrence,geographic distribution and host spectrum of currently recognised Colletotrichum species under phylogenetic,pathologi-cal/agronomic and ecological perspectives,providing a list arranged by Colletotrichum species and species complexes.A total of 257 species are listed and grouped into 15 species complexes.In this work we have recorded 1353 unique host species-Colletotrichum species association records from 720 hosts,with the Fabaceae as the family with higher number of hosts(52 host species)but with the Rosaceae as the family with the highest number of host species-Colletotrichum species association records(118 association records).According to occurrence data,88 species are common in nature,128 were considered as data deficient and 41 are threatened,some of which are likely extinct from nature and preserved only in cul-ture collections.Several species are relevant plant pathogens,in some cases geographically confined and thus of potential quarantine relevance.Based on the major changes that occurred on Colletotrichum taxonomy over the last decade,this work provides a comprehensive overview of occurrence data of Colletotrichum species,compiling host range and geographical distribution,with relevance for plant pathology and conservation mycology.The current taxonomic framework in Colle-totrichum is revealing numerous species but poses challenges to the employment of standard criteria for the evaluation of biological conservation of these fungi.We advocate that conservation mycology and taxonomy should find common routes simultaneously enabling the correct delimitation of species of Colletotrichum and the implementation of feasible criteria for the evaluation of conservation.The employment of new technologies,such whole genome sequencing(WGS),will help and support the description of new species and to gain a better understanding of the genetic bases of speciation processes.展开更多
Disaster communication guidelines emphasize that journalists should be aware of past major disasters and draw lessons from the coverage of those events.The press is an important source for the evolution of historical ...Disaster communication guidelines emphasize that journalists should be aware of past major disasters and draw lessons from the coverage of those events.The press is an important source for the evolution of historical disaster and risk research paradigms over time.This study explored the top 10 damaging hydrogeomorphological events in Portugal selected from the disaster database,which includes events that caused human damages(fatalities,injured,missing,evacuated,and displaced)reported over a period of 151years(1865–2015)by the Portuguese newspaper Diário de Notícias(DN).News analysis was guided by the news protocol.The analysis of the news published in DN enabled us to identify textual marks that present interconnections in the journalistic coverage and produce discursive standards for these disasters.The textual marks were associated with the hazard and risk paradigms.The discursive standards of DN did not clearly reflect the ruptures in the hazard paradigms.As a rule,the journalistic reports contributed to the naturalization of disasters and the gap in public understanding of risks,by presenting an approach focused on relief actions—ignoring social issues,vulnerability,and population resilience—reducing the discourse of preparedness for future disasters.展开更多
基金supported by the project MApping and Forecasting Ecosystem Services in Urban Areas(MAFESUR)funded by the Lithuanian Research Council(Contract:Nr.P-MIP-23-426).
文摘Coastal tourism holds substantial development potential.However,coastal ecosystems are affected by tourism development,which limits the supply of ecosystem services(ES).This study aims to conduct a systematic literature review on the impacts of tourism on coastal and marine ES using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-alpha Methods.We initially identified 640 studies by searching titles,abstracts,and keywords.After screening,only 50 studies met the criteria for inclusion in the review.The results showed a significant increase in publications between 2011 and 2023.Most studies were conducted in Europe,Asia,and North and Central America.The most used ES classifications were MEA and CICES.Most studies concentrated on the ES supply dimension(43 studies;86%).Cultural ES(47 studies;94%)were researched more than provisioning(28 studies;56%)and regulating&maintenance(29 studies;58%)sections.Regarding cultural ES,most studies were focused on“Physical and experiential interactions with the natural environment”(34 studies;68%)and on provisioning ES on“Wild animals(terrestrial and aquatic)for nutrition,materials or energy”(18 studies;36%).Quantitative and mixed methods were the most used in the reviewed studies.Most studies identified pressures from“Tourism,urbanisation,and population increase”(27 studies;54%)and focused on“Integrative/common management strategies”(20 studies;40%).Only a few of the studies’results have been validated by external data(10 studies;20%).This study provides an overview of the most assessed marine and coastal ES,where studies are needed with more comprehensive geographic coverage.
基金supported by the Forest Research Centre,a research unit funded by Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia I.P.(FCT),Portugal(UIDB/00239/2020)the Associated Laboratory TERRA(LA/P/0092/2020)+4 种基金Additional funding was provided through the Ph.D.grant awarded to Dagm Abate(UI/BD/151525/2021)by two key projects:H2020-MSCA-RISE-2020/101007950,titled“DecisionES-Decision Support for the Supply of Ecosystem Services under Global Change,”funded by the Marie Curie International Staff Exchange Scheme,H2020-LCGD-2020-3/101037419,titled“FIRE-RES-Innovative technologies and socio-ecological economic solutions for fireresilient territories in Europe,”funded by the EU Horizon 2020—Research and Innovation Framework Programmesupported by a project MODFIRE—a multiple criteria approach to integrate wildfire behavior in forest management planning with reference PCIF/MOS/0217/2017a contract from Dr.Susete Marques in the scope of Norma Transitoria—DL57/2016/CP1382/CT15a grant from Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia(FCT),Portugal to Dr.Guerra-Hernandez(CEECIND/02576/2022).
文摘Cultural ecosystem services(CES),which encompass recreational and aesthetic values,contribute to human wellbeing and yet are often underrepresented in forest management planning due to challenges in quantifying these services.This study introduces the Recreational and Aesthetic Values of Forested Landscapes(RAFL)index,a novel framework combining six measurable recreational and aesthetic components:Stewardship,Naturalness,Complexity,Visual Scale,Historicity,and Ephemera.The RAFL index was integrated into a Linear Programming(LP)Resource Capability Model(RCM)to assess trade-offs between CES and other ecosystem services,including timber production,wildfire resistance,and biodiversity.The approach was applied in a case study in Northern Portugal,comparing two forest management scenarios:Business as Usual(BAU),dominated by eucalyptus plantations,and an Alternative Scenario(ALT),focused on the conversion to native species:cork oak,chestnut,and pedunculate oak.Results revealed that the ALT scenario consistently achieved higher RAFL values,reflecting its potential to enhance CES,while also supporting higher biodiversity and wildfire resilience compared to the BAU scenario.Results highlighted further that management may maintain steady timber production and wildfire regulatory services while addressing concerns with CES.This study provides a replicable methodology for quantifying CES and integrating them into forest management frameworks,offering actionable insights for decision-makers.The findings highlight the effectiveness of the approach in designing landscape mosaics that provide CES while addressing the need to supply provisioning and regulatory ecosystem services.
基金Centre of Geographical Studies,No.UIDB/00295/2020,No.UIDP/00295/2020FCT–Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology,I.P.,No.SFRH/BD/96632/2013,No.CEEIND/00268/2017Project Be Safe Slide,No.PTDC/GES-AMB/30052/2017。
文摘Water depths and flow velocities decisively influence the damage caused by flash floods.Geographic Information System(GIS)is a powerful and useful tool,allowing the spatial analysis of results obtained by hydraulic modelling,namely from the HEC-RAS/HEC-GeoRAS software.The GIS spatial analysis performed in this study seeks to explain and quantify the spatial relationships between the stream channel features and flow components during flash flood events.Despite these relationships are generically known,there are few studies exploring this subject in different geographic contexts.A 1D hydraulic model was applied in a small watershed in Portugal,providing good results in the definition of floodable areas,water depths and longitudinal velocities.No direct relationship was found between water depths and velocities in the floodable areas;however,negative strong correlations were found between the two flow components along the stream centerlines.Bed slope,channel and flood width,and roughness prove to be highly relevant on the longitudinal variations of water depths and velocities and on the location of maximum values.Increasing peak discharges and return periods(R;)can change the relationships between water depths and velocities at the same location.Results can be improved with more accurate elevation data for stream channels and floodplains.
文摘Pedestrianization is an urban revitalization strategy to enhance sustainability and livability in car-oriented cities.Despite many studies in this research field,the effects of pedestrianization on the economy of cities in developing countries still need further investigation.Additionally,the impact of this strategy on the tenant mix of com-mercial and historical areas in Middle East countries is nebulous.To address these inadequacies,we considered Chaharbagh Abbasi street,located in the heart of Isfahan,Iran,and investigated the impact of a pedestrianization project with particular emphasis on how it affects the economic sustainability of existent commercial fabric.Pre-and post-project data along with field observations and quantifications used to assess structural replacements in trade,were analyzed with SPSS and ArcGIS software.The results revealed unexpected outcomes,such as the closure of some traditional businesses(27.5%),a stagnation in sales(69%)and a decrease in job offers(84%)leading the local economy to a fragile situation.Conversely,it was found that the footfall volume increased by 64% and 73% from the retailers’and pedestrians’viewpoints.This evolution along with a wide opening of food and beverage stores(approximately 60%)makes the post-pedestrianization results more promising than earlier predictions.In conclusion,these findings reinforce the importance of pedestrian streets in revitalizing economic activities in historical and commercial areas from the perspective of economic sustainability.Due to the lack of similar investigations in Middle East countries,these findings can support decision-makers and urban planners to take preventive measures in preserving the diversity of individual small shops for upcoming urban rehabilitation projects in terms of pedestrianization.
基金funded by a science and technology project of State Grid Corporation of China“Comparative Analysis of Long-Term Measurement and Prediction of the Ground Synthetic Electric Field of±800 kV DC Transmission Line”(GYW11201907738)Paulo R.F.Rocha acknowledges the support and funding from the European Research Council(ERC)under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program(Grant Agreement No.947897).
文摘Ultra-high voltage(UHV)transmission lines are an important part of China’s power grid and are often surrounded by a complex electromagnetic environment.The ground total electric field is considered a main electromagnetic environment indicator of UHV transmission lines and is currently employed for reliable long-term operation of the power grid.Yet,the accurate prediction of the ground total electric field remains a technical challenge.In this work,we collected the total electric field data from the Ningdong-Zhejiang±800 kV UHVDC transmission project,as of the Ling Shao line,and perform an outlier analysis of the total electric field data.We show that the Local Outlier Factor(LOF)elimination algorithm has a small average difference and overcomes the performance of Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise(DBSCAN)and Isolated Forest elimination algorithms.Moreover,the Stacking algorithm has been found to have superior prediction accuracy than a variety of similar prediction algorithms,including the traditional finite element.The low prediction error of the Stacking algorithm highlights the superior ability to accurately forecast the ground total electric field of UHVDC transmission lines.
基金funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology(FCT)by the fellowship of A.Alves da Silva(SFRH/BD/75018/2010)and F.Garcia(SFRH/BD/131627/2017)supported by the strategic plan of the Centre for Functional Ecology—Science for People and the Planet(CFE)(UIDP/04004/2020,DOI:10.54499/UIDP/04004/2020)financed by FCT/MCTES through national funds(PIDDAC),and by FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia,I.P. under Scientific Employment Stimulus—Individual support—2022.05848.CEEIND(DOI:10.54499/2022.05848.CEECIND/CP1714/CT0008)+3 种基金The study was carried out under the project“F4F—Forest for Future—Pilot project for the constitution of a regional network for the valorization of the forest sector in the Central Region.PP6—MyFORESt(CENTRO-08-5864-FSE-000031),”co-financed by the Regional Operational Program Centro 2020,Portugal 2020,and the European Union,through the European Social Fund(ESF)funded by the Instituto do Ambiente,Tecnologia e Vida from Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra(IATV-UC),the strategic plan of the Centre for Functional Ecology—Science for People and the Planet(CFE)(UIDB/04004/2020,DOI:10.54499/UIDB/04004/2020)Associate Laboratory TERRA(LA/P/0092/2020DOI:10.54499/LA/P/0092/2020).
文摘In this study we aimed to assess the role of wild red deer,along with other ungulates such as roe deer and wild boar,in the soil’s physical properties,namely soil penetration resistance and depth(used as a proxy for soil compaction),hydraulic conductivity(a proxy for water infiltration),and the proportion of soil stable aggregates.Results showed that,at the density level found in our study area,red deer have a neutral effect at the soil level,not causing significant soil compaction or significantly influencing measured soil functions.
文摘The taxonomy of the genus Colletotrichum has undergone tremendous changes over the last decade,with over 200 species being currently recognised and species complexes being informally used to cluster those species.Many of these species are important plant pathogens,some rather polyphagous and others host-specific,but several occur seldomly and some may in fact be ecologically endangered.Based mainly on literature from the past decade,in this work we review the occurrence,geographic distribution and host spectrum of currently recognised Colletotrichum species under phylogenetic,pathologi-cal/agronomic and ecological perspectives,providing a list arranged by Colletotrichum species and species complexes.A total of 257 species are listed and grouped into 15 species complexes.In this work we have recorded 1353 unique host species-Colletotrichum species association records from 720 hosts,with the Fabaceae as the family with higher number of hosts(52 host species)but with the Rosaceae as the family with the highest number of host species-Colletotrichum species association records(118 association records).According to occurrence data,88 species are common in nature,128 were considered as data deficient and 41 are threatened,some of which are likely extinct from nature and preserved only in cul-ture collections.Several species are relevant plant pathogens,in some cases geographically confined and thus of potential quarantine relevance.Based on the major changes that occurred on Colletotrichum taxonomy over the last decade,this work provides a comprehensive overview of occurrence data of Colletotrichum species,compiling host range and geographical distribution,with relevance for plant pathology and conservation mycology.The current taxonomic framework in Colle-totrichum is revealing numerous species but poses challenges to the employment of standard criteria for the evaluation of biological conservation of these fungi.We advocate that conservation mycology and taxonomy should find common routes simultaneously enabling the correct delimitation of species of Colletotrichum and the implementation of feasible criteria for the evaluation of conservation.The employment of new technologies,such whole genome sequencing(WGS),will help and support the description of new species and to gain a better understanding of the genetic bases of speciation processes.
基金financed in part by the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil(CAPES)the Foundation for Supporting Research and Innovation in Espírito Santo(FAPES—Fundacao de AmparoàPesquisa e Inovacao do Espírito Santo),Profix/FAPES/CAPES。
文摘Disaster communication guidelines emphasize that journalists should be aware of past major disasters and draw lessons from the coverage of those events.The press is an important source for the evolution of historical disaster and risk research paradigms over time.This study explored the top 10 damaging hydrogeomorphological events in Portugal selected from the disaster database,which includes events that caused human damages(fatalities,injured,missing,evacuated,and displaced)reported over a period of 151years(1865–2015)by the Portuguese newspaper Diário de Notícias(DN).News analysis was guided by the news protocol.The analysis of the news published in DN enabled us to identify textual marks that present interconnections in the journalistic coverage and produce discursive standards for these disasters.The textual marks were associated with the hazard and risk paradigms.The discursive standards of DN did not clearly reflect the ruptures in the hazard paradigms.As a rule,the journalistic reports contributed to the naturalization of disasters and the gap in public understanding of risks,by presenting an approach focused on relief actions—ignoring social issues,vulnerability,and population resilience—reducing the discourse of preparedness for future disasters.
