The objective of this paper is to describe the lessons learned and actions that have been taken related to the seismic design of bridge structures after the Chi-Chi,Taiwan earthquake.Much variable near-fault ground mo...The objective of this paper is to describe the lessons learned and actions that have been taken related to the seismic design of bridge structures after the Chi-Chi,Taiwan earthquake.Much variable near-fault ground motion data was collected from the rupture of Chelungpu fault during the Chi-Chi earthquake,allowing the seismic response of bridge structures subjected to these near-fault ground motions to be carefully examined.To study the near-fault ground motion effect on bridge seismic design codes,a two-level seismic design of bridge structures was developed and implemented.This design code reflects the near-fault factors in the seismic design forces.Finally,a risk assessment methodology,based on bridge vulnerability,is also developed to assist in decisions for reducing seismic risk due to failure of bridges.展开更多
This paper presents in-situ seismic performance tests of a bridge before its demolition due to accumulated scouring problem. The tests were conducted on three single columns and one caisson-type foundation. The three ...This paper presents in-situ seismic performance tests of a bridge before its demolition due to accumulated scouring problem. The tests were conducted on three single columns and one caisson-type foundation. The three single columns were 1.8 m in diameter,reinforced by 30-D32 longitudinal reinforcements and laterally hooped by D16 reinforcements with spacing of 20 cm. The column height is 9.54 m,10.59 m and 10.37 m for Column P2,P3,and P4,respectively. Column P2 had no exposed foundation and was subjected to pseudo-dynamic tests with peak ground acceleration of 0.32 g first,followed by one cyclic loading test. Column P3 was the benchmark specimen with exposed length of 1.2 m on its foundation. The exposed length for Column P4 was excavated to 4 m,approximately 1/3 of the foundation length,to study the effect of the scouring problem to the column performance. Both Column P3 and Column P4 were subjected to cyclic loading tests. Based on the test results,due to the large dimension of the caisson foundation and the well graded gravel soil type that provided large lateral resistance,the seismic performance among the three columns had only minor differences. Lateral push tests were also conducted on the caisson foundation at Column P5. The caisson was 12 m long and had circular cross-sections whose diameters were 5 m in the upper portion and 4 m in the lower portion. An analytical model to simulate the test results was developed in the OpenSees platform. The analytical model comprised nonlinear flexural elements as well as nonlinear soil springs. The analytical results closely followed the experimental test results. A parametric study to predict the behavior of the bridge column with different ground motions and different levels of scouring on the foundation are also discussed.展开更多
In this work, the influence of pulse current parameters on springback and bending force of magnesium alloy duringelectropulse-assisted （EPA） V-bending was investigated. The experimental results showed that pulse cur...In this work, the influence of pulse current parameters on springback and bending force of magnesium alloy duringelectropulse-assisted （EPA） V-bending was investigated. The experimental results showed that pulse current can effec-tively reduce the springback and the bending force compared to the experiments without current. The frequency has a moresignificant influence on bending force and springback than electric current density. Electroplastic （EP） effect begins towork when pulse current parameters reach a threshold value. To explore the mechanism of EPA V-bending, themicrostructure evolution and fracture surface of the bending specimen were studied. It was found that pulse current canpromote the occurrence of dynamic recrystallization （DRX） of magnesium alloy compared to traditional hot formingprocess. The fracture mode of AZ31B under EPA V-bending evolves from brittle fracture to ductile fracture withincreasing pulse current parameters. Based on the discussion of athermal and thermal effects of EP effect, the mechanismof pulse current to promote DRX is studied and athermal effect is proved to exist.展开更多
Porthole die extrusion of Mg alloys was studied by means of experimental and numerical studies. Results indicated that an inhomogeneous microstructure formed on the cross-section of the extruded profile. On the profil...Porthole die extrusion of Mg alloys was studied by means of experimental and numerical studies. Results indicated that an inhomogeneous microstructure formed on the cross-section of the extruded profile. On the profile surface, abnormal coarse grains with an orientation of <11-20> in parallel to ED(extrusion direction) appeared. In the profile center, the welding zone was composed of fine grains with an average size of 4.19 um and an orientation of <10-10> in parallel to ED, while the matrix zone exhibited a bimodal grain structure. Disk-like, near-spherical and rod-like precipitates were observed, and the number density of those features was lower on the profile surface than that in the profile center. Then, the formation and evolution of coarse grains on the profile surface were investigated, which were found to depend on the competition between static recrystallization and grain growth. The stored deformation energy was the factor dominating the surface structure through effective regulation over nucleation of the precipitates and recrystallization. A profile with a low stored deformation energy suppressed formation of precipitates and consequently facilitated grain growth rather than recrystallization, resulting in the formation of abnormal coarse grains. Finally, the surface coarse grains contributed detrimentally to hardness, tensile properties, and wear performance of the bulk structure.展开更多
The aim of the study was to evaluate the long-term outcomes of pelvic floor muscle （PFM） rehabilitation in males with lifelong premature ejaculation （PE）, using intravaginal ejaculatory latency time （IELT） and t...The aim of the study was to evaluate the long-term outcomes of pelvic floor muscle （PFM） rehabilitation in males with lifelong premature ejaculation （PE）, using intravaginal ejaculatory latency time （IELT） and the self-report Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool （PEDT） as primary outcomes. A total of 154 participants were retrospectively reviewed in this study, with 122 completing the training protocol. At baseline, all participants had an IELT 〈60 s and PEDT score 〉11. Participants completed a 12-week program of PFM rehabilitation, including physio-kinesiotherapy treatment, electrostimulation, and biofeedback, with three sessions per week, with 20 min for each component completed at each session. The effectiveness of intervention was evaluated by comparing the change in the geometric mean of IELT and PEDT values, from baseline, at 3, 6, and 12 months during the intervention, and at 24 and 36 months postintervention, using a paired sample 2-tailed t-test, including the associated 95% confidence intervals. Of the 122 participants who completed PFM rehabilitation, 111 gained control of their ejaculation reflex, with a mean IELT of 161.6 s and PEDT score of 2.3 at the 12-week endpoint of the intervention, representing an increase from baseline of 40.4 s and 17.0 scores, respectively, for IELT and PEDT （P 〈 0.0001）. Of the 95 participants who completed the 36-month follow-up, 64% and 56% maintained satisfactory eiaculation control at 24 and 36 months oostintervention, respectively.展开更多
The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) has gone through its initial period over the past two years since the signing of the Declaration of the SCO in June 2001. With the issue of some important documents like.
The Paris Agreement reflects a basic international consensus on climate change. Its implementation will reform international climate cooperation in a profound way,and also provide an important window for China to show...The Paris Agreement reflects a basic international consensus on climate change. Its implementation will reform international climate cooperation in a profound way,and also provide an important window for China to showcase its global governance concepts.展开更多
Since the end of the Cold War, the non-proliferation work on Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) has gradually become the first priority in the field of arms control and international security. With the unswerving effor...Since the end of the Cold War, the non-proliferation work on Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) has gradually become the first priority in the field of arms control and international security. With the unswerving efforts by international community, enormous progress has been made in the construction .展开更多
The effect of electropulsing on the mechanical behaviors and microstructures of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy was investigated by an uniaxial tensile test. Compared to the value measured in cold tensile test, the alloy exh...The effect of electropulsing on the mechanical behaviors and microstructures of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy was investigated by an uniaxial tensile test. Compared to the value measured in cold tensile test, the alloy exhibits lower ultimate tensile strength when the tensile deformation is assisted by electropulsing. The tensile elongation is found to vary non-monotonically with increasing root mean square(RMS) current density. Though decreasing at first, the tensile elongation increases with current density once the value exceeds 8.1 A/mm^2. Through applying current with RMS current density of 12.7 A/mm^2, the tensile elongation at strain rate 0.001 s^(-1) can be improved by 94.1%. In addition, it is observed that more remarkable electroplastic effect is induced by the higher peak current density under similar thermal effect. Microstructure analysis reveals that the low plasticity at 8.1 A/mm^2 is attributed to the micro-void easily formation near the tips of acicular β phases. The enhanced ductility at higher current densities, on the other hand, is attributed to the dynamic recrystallization.展开更多
： Chinese development assistance is totally different in nature in comparison with the aid offered by the United States and Japan. The U.S. sees its aid as a form of ＂mercy＂ to less-developed countries and gives it...： Chinese development assistance is totally different in nature in comparison with the aid offered by the United States and Japan. The U.S. sees its aid as a form of ＂mercy＂ to less-developed countries and gives it with numerous conditions attached. Japan seems to mainly use it to pursue commercial interests. By contrast, Chinese aid is, in essence, cooperation and mutual support between developing countries. This fundamental difference helps to explain why Beiiin＇s aid is so different from that of the Western donors.展开更多
In a referendum held on June 23, 51.9 percent of the UK citizens voted to leave the European Union. Although surprising, the result is understandable. Brexit is the result of a number of complicated historical and oth...In a referendum held on June 23, 51.9 percent of the UK citizens voted to leave the European Union. Although surprising, the result is understandable. Brexit is the result of a number of complicated historical and other factors, the United Kingdom＇s sense of exceptionalism. After the referendum, the future of the United Kingdom＇s domestic politics, UK-EU relations and the European Union itself are uncertain. But no matter how things go, the referendum result is a turning point in the history of European integration and even international politics. The influence of Brexit will extend far beyond the United Kingdom and the European Union as it will have an impact on the transformation of the international structure.展开更多
Alcohol use disorder （AUD）, mild traumatic brain injury （mTBI）, and posttraumatic stress disorder （PTSD） commonly co-occur （AUD ＋ mTBI ＋ PTSD）. These conditions have overlapping symptoms which are, in part, ...Alcohol use disorder （AUD）, mild traumatic brain injury （mTBI）, and posttraumatic stress disorder （PTSD） commonly co-occur （AUD ＋ mTBI ＋ PTSD）. These conditions have overlapping symptoms which are, in part, reflective of overlapping neuropathology. These conditions become problematic because their co-occurrence can exacerbate symptoms. Therefore, treatments must be developed that are inclusive to all three conditions. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation （rTMS） is non-invasive and may be an ideal treatment for co-occurring AUD ＋ mTBI ＋ PTSD. There is accumulating evidence on rTMS as a treatment for people with AUD, mTBI, and PTSD each alone. However, there are no published studies to date on rTMS as a treatment for co-occurring AUD ＋ mTBI ＋ PTSD. This review article advances the knowledge base for rTMS as a treatment for AUD ＋ mTBI ＋ PTSD. This review provides background information about these co-occurring conditions as well as rTMS. The existing literature on rTMS as a treatment for people with AUD, TBI, and PTSD each alone is reviewed. Finally, neurobiological findings in support of a theoretical model are discussed to inform TMS as a treatment for co-occurring AUD ＋ mTBI ＋ PTSD. The peer-reviewed literature was identified by targeted literature searches using PubMed and supplemented by cross-referencing the bibliographies of relevant review articles. The existing evidence on rTMS as a treatment for these conditions in isolation, coupled with the overlapping neuropathology and symptomology of these conditions, suggests that rTMS may be well suited for the treatment of these conditions together.展开更多
WUIma -which stands for Wildland-Urban Interface MAPping-is a software tool based on a GIS model （developped with Arcgis functions） designed to map wildland-urban interfaces at a large scale over a large area. The m...WUIma -which stands for Wildland-Urban Interface MAPping-is a software tool based on a GIS model （developped with Arcgis functions） designed to map wildland-urban interfaces at a large scale over a large area. The main outputs of WUImap are： （1） the map of twelve types of wildland-urban interfaces existing on the territory; （2） the map of four housing configuration （isolated, scattered, dense and very dense clustered housing） related to wildland-urban interfaces （WUI）. These maps are produced according to the method of WUI characterization combining housing configuration and horizontal structure of vegetation. Required inputs to map WUI are the layer of the residential house, the layer defining the fire sensitive area and the layer of the index of aggregation calculated on vegetation. The method of WUI characterization and mapping incorporated into WUImap has been evaluated and applied on real cases with good results. WUlmap has applicability as a decision support aid in a wide variety of land management ranging from fire management and fire prevention to analysis of WUI spread and land cover dynamic. The core method underlying the WUlrnap is summarized in the present paper.展开更多
Non-traditional security issues have arisen since the 1960s,especially after the end of the Cold War,and are becoming a major issue in world security and politics.This reflects tremendous changes in the world situatio...Non-traditional security issues have arisen since the 1960s,especially after the end of the Cold War,and are becoming a major issue in world security and politics.This reflects tremendous changes in the world situation.With diverse causes and plural referent objects,non-traditional security issues cover nearly all the problems in the world today and make development difficult to sustain.This raises the question of whether human society and the earth can survive.Power politics one-sidedly stresses the role of power,endangering the harmonious development of nations and the whole of human society.It is not at all conducive to the solution of non-traditional security issues.The solution of non-traditional security issues demands cooperation from all actors in the international community.Multiple means are needed to solve these issues.Equal dialogue between all the actors,which can easily be attained,will play an effective role,as long as all actors respect each other's differences.展开更多
The response of cells to different types of electromagnetic fields can be induced by low-level (athermal) high frequency (HF) electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure associated with mobile phone technologies. There are m...The response of cells to different types of electromagnetic fields can be induced by low-level (athermal) high frequency (HF) electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure associated with mobile phone technologies. There are many examples of biological effects involving the epigenome. EMF could trigger protein activation mediated by ligands, such as Ca2+, that alter the conformation of binding proteins, especially the NADPH plasmic membrane oxidase, so inducing increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that may alter proteomic functions. Classical antiapoptotic and procarcinogenic signaling mechanisms that are commonly found activated in human malignancies and in inflammation mainly involve the transcription factor NF-κB. The microenvironment that exists during chronic inflammation can contribute to cancer progression. The data support the proposition that long term HF-EMF exposure caused by improper use of cell phones may potentially cause cancer.展开更多
I want to discuss recent international environment that China faces in its economic development from economic and strategic perspectives. First I will discuss the international economic environment. As is known to all...I want to discuss recent international environment that China faces in its economic development from economic and strategic perspectives. First I will discuss the international economic environment. As is known to all, China’s development goal is to realize modernization. Modernization is first a comparative value.展开更多
Basic public services of family planning is different from other public services,which is designed to meet the special needs of controlling practice birth of individual and family.In fact,equalization of public servic...Basic public services of family planning is different from other public services,which is designed to meet the special needs of controlling practice birth of individual and family.In fact,equalization of public services is in the public finance area.Whether to formulate standards or to establish the content of basic public services,we can't bypass the regional differences of fiscal capacity.To provide a reliable basis of population and family planning basic public services,we estimate the funding needs of equalization quantitatively and build equalization allocation model by standard person coefficient.展开更多
Barack Obama became the first African American president calling for change.He is not only faced with serious challenges on the economic and financial fronts,but also has to deal with a variety of major social problem...Barack Obama became the first African American president calling for change.He is not only faced with serious challenges on the economic and financial fronts,but also has to deal with a variety of major social problems which will potentially reshape American society in the 21 st century:increasing economic inequality,complex race relations,an unsustainable healthcare burden and a weakening education system. These are issues which have existed for decades in the U.S.,but now it seems that President Obama has a better opportunity to make a'real change'happen than his predecessors,because American society is going through a fundamental evolution.展开更多
In April 2009,the NATO Strasbourg-Kehl Summit adopted a series of joint declarations and strategic plans,demonstrating that NATO is entering a new round of military-political strategic adjustment.NATO's new strate...In April 2009,the NATO Strasbourg-Kehl Summit adopted a series of joint declarations and strategic plans,demonstrating that NATO is entering a new round of military-political strategic adjustment.NATO's new strategic direction has been motivated by various internal and external factors,including the pressure of the new international environment,the Obama administration's desire to upgrade strategic cooperation with its allies,the major European states represented by France and Germany seeking to strengthen the European pillar within NATO,and the urgent need to readjust NATO's external relations.The aim of the strategic readjustment is to advance NATO's military and political transformation from a regional collective defense organization into a more active and powerful Western military-political alliance.NATO is still facing a series of difficulties and challenges:the disappearance of the common threat of the Soviet bloc,the differing interests of the member states,and the fluctuation of real strength within the NATO will all impose constraints on NATO's development.Thus,there are still doubts and uncertainties about NATO's future role and position.展开更多
基金the Science Council,Chinese Taipei,under grant no.SC 90-2211-E-002-028.
文摘The objective of this paper is to describe the lessons learned and actions that have been taken related to the seismic design of bridge structures after the Chi-Chi,Taiwan earthquake.Much variable near-fault ground motion data was collected from the rupture of Chelungpu fault during the Chi-Chi earthquake,allowing the seismic response of bridge structures subjected to these near-fault ground motions to be carefully examined.To study the near-fault ground motion effect on bridge seismic design codes,a two-level seismic design of bridge structures was developed and implemented.This design code reflects the near-fault factors in the seismic design forces.Finally,a risk assessment methodology,based on bridge vulnerability,is also developed to assist in decisions for reducing seismic risk due to failure of bridges.
文摘This paper presents in-situ seismic performance tests of a bridge before its demolition due to accumulated scouring problem. The tests were conducted on three single columns and one caisson-type foundation. The three single columns were 1.8 m in diameter,reinforced by 30-D32 longitudinal reinforcements and laterally hooped by D16 reinforcements with spacing of 20 cm. The column height is 9.54 m,10.59 m and 10.37 m for Column P2,P3,and P4,respectively. Column P2 had no exposed foundation and was subjected to pseudo-dynamic tests with peak ground acceleration of 0.32 g first,followed by one cyclic loading test. Column P3 was the benchmark specimen with exposed length of 1.2 m on its foundation. The exposed length for Column P4 was excavated to 4 m,approximately 1/3 of the foundation length,to study the effect of the scouring problem to the column performance. Both Column P3 and Column P4 were subjected to cyclic loading tests. Based on the test results,due to the large dimension of the caisson foundation and the well graded gravel soil type that provided large lateral resistance,the seismic performance among the three columns had only minor differences. Lateral push tests were also conducted on the caisson foundation at Column P5. The caisson was 12 m long and had circular cross-sections whose diameters were 5 m in the upper portion and 4 m in the lower portion. An analytical model to simulate the test results was developed in the OpenSees platform. The analytical model comprised nonlinear flexural elements as well as nonlinear soil springs. The analytical results closely followed the experimental test results. A parametric study to predict the behavior of the bridge column with different ground motions and different levels of scouring on the foundation are also discussed.
基金financial support from the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (No. ZR2016EEM25)
文摘In this work, the influence of pulse current parameters on springback and bending force of magnesium alloy duringelectropulse-assisted （EPA） V-bending was investigated. The experimental results showed that pulse current can effec-tively reduce the springback and the bending force compared to the experiments without current. The frequency has a moresignificant influence on bending force and springback than electric current density. Electroplastic （EP） effect begins towork when pulse current parameters reach a threshold value. To explore the mechanism of EPA V-bending, themicrostructure evolution and fracture surface of the bending specimen were studied. It was found that pulse current canpromote the occurrence of dynamic recrystallization （DRX） of magnesium alloy compared to traditional hot formingprocess. The fracture mode of AZ31B under EPA V-bending evolves from brittle fracture to ductile fracture withincreasing pulse current parameters. Based on the discussion of athermal and thermal effects of EP effect, the mechanismof pulse current to promote DRX is studied and athermal effect is proved to exist.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51875317)the Development Program of Shandong Province(No.2019GGX104087)the National Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2019QEE030)。
文摘Porthole die extrusion of Mg alloys was studied by means of experimental and numerical studies. Results indicated that an inhomogeneous microstructure formed on the cross-section of the extruded profile. On the profile surface, abnormal coarse grains with an orientation of <11-20> in parallel to ED(extrusion direction) appeared. In the profile center, the welding zone was composed of fine grains with an average size of 4.19 um and an orientation of <10-10> in parallel to ED, while the matrix zone exhibited a bimodal grain structure. Disk-like, near-spherical and rod-like precipitates were observed, and the number density of those features was lower on the profile surface than that in the profile center. Then, the formation and evolution of coarse grains on the profile surface were investigated, which were found to depend on the competition between static recrystallization and grain growth. The stored deformation energy was the factor dominating the surface structure through effective regulation over nucleation of the precipitates and recrystallization. A profile with a low stored deformation energy suppressed formation of precipitates and consequently facilitated grain growth rather than recrystallization, resulting in the formation of abnormal coarse grains. Finally, the surface coarse grains contributed detrimentally to hardness, tensile properties, and wear performance of the bulk structure.
文摘The aim of the study was to evaluate the long-term outcomes of pelvic floor muscle （PFM） rehabilitation in males with lifelong premature ejaculation （PE）, using intravaginal ejaculatory latency time （IELT） and the self-report Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool （PEDT） as primary outcomes. A total of 154 participants were retrospectively reviewed in this study, with 122 completing the training protocol. At baseline, all participants had an IELT 〈60 s and PEDT score 〉11. Participants completed a 12-week program of PFM rehabilitation, including physio-kinesiotherapy treatment, electrostimulation, and biofeedback, with three sessions per week, with 20 min for each component completed at each session. The effectiveness of intervention was evaluated by comparing the change in the geometric mean of IELT and PEDT values, from baseline, at 3, 6, and 12 months during the intervention, and at 24 and 36 months postintervention, using a paired sample 2-tailed t-test, including the associated 95% confidence intervals. Of the 122 participants who completed PFM rehabilitation, 111 gained control of their ejaculation reflex, with a mean IELT of 161.6 s and PEDT score of 2.3 at the 12-week endpoint of the intervention, representing an increase from baseline of 40.4 s and 17.0 scores, respectively, for IELT and PEDT （P 〈 0.0001）. Of the 95 participants who completed the 36-month follow-up, 64% and 56% maintained satisfactory eiaculation control at 24 and 36 months oostintervention, respectively.
文摘The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) has gone through its initial period over the past two years since the signing of the Declaration of the SCO in June 2001. With the issue of some important documents like.
文摘The Paris Agreement reflects a basic international consensus on climate change. Its implementation will reform international climate cooperation in a profound way,and also provide an important window for China to showcase its global governance concepts.
文摘Since the end of the Cold War, the non-proliferation work on Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) has gradually become the first priority in the field of arms control and international security. With the unswerving efforts by international community, enormous progress has been made in the construction .
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2016EEM25)
文摘The effect of electropulsing on the mechanical behaviors and microstructures of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy was investigated by an uniaxial tensile test. Compared to the value measured in cold tensile test, the alloy exhibits lower ultimate tensile strength when the tensile deformation is assisted by electropulsing. The tensile elongation is found to vary non-monotonically with increasing root mean square(RMS) current density. Though decreasing at first, the tensile elongation increases with current density once the value exceeds 8.1 A/mm^2. Through applying current with RMS current density of 12.7 A/mm^2, the tensile elongation at strain rate 0.001 s^(-1) can be improved by 94.1%. In addition, it is observed that more remarkable electroplastic effect is induced by the higher peak current density under similar thermal effect. Microstructure analysis reveals that the low plasticity at 8.1 A/mm^2 is attributed to the micro-void easily formation near the tips of acicular β phases. The enhanced ductility at higher current densities, on the other hand, is attributed to the dynamic recrystallization.
文摘： Chinese development assistance is totally different in nature in comparison with the aid offered by the United States and Japan. The U.S. sees its aid as a form of ＂mercy＂ to less-developed countries and gives it with numerous conditions attached. Japan seems to mainly use it to pursue commercial interests. By contrast, Chinese aid is, in essence, cooperation and mutual support between developing countries. This fundamental difference helps to explain why Beiiin＇s aid is so different from that of the Western donors.
文摘In a referendum held on June 23, 51.9 percent of the UK citizens voted to leave the European Union. Although surprising, the result is understandable. Brexit is the result of a number of complicated historical and other factors, the United Kingdom＇s sense of exceptionalism. After the referendum, the future of the United Kingdom＇s domestic politics, UK-EU relations and the European Union itself are uncertain. But no matter how things go, the referendum result is a turning point in the history of European integration and even international politics. The influence of Brexit will extend far beyond the United Kingdom and the European Union as it will have an impact on the transformation of the international structure.
基金supported with resources by Department of Veterans Affairs(VA),Health Services Research and Development Service and the Office of Academic Affiliations(TPP 42-013)at Edward Hines VA Hospitalsupported by the following:VA OAA Polytrauma Fellowship to AAH,NIDRR Merit Switzer Research Fellowship Award H133F130011to AAH and the VA RR&D CDA-II RX000949-01A2 to AAH
文摘Alcohol use disorder （AUD）, mild traumatic brain injury （mTBI）, and posttraumatic stress disorder （PTSD） commonly co-occur （AUD ＋ mTBI ＋ PTSD）. These conditions have overlapping symptoms which are, in part, reflective of overlapping neuropathology. These conditions become problematic because their co-occurrence can exacerbate symptoms. Therefore, treatments must be developed that are inclusive to all three conditions. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation （rTMS） is non-invasive and may be an ideal treatment for co-occurring AUD ＋ mTBI ＋ PTSD. There is accumulating evidence on rTMS as a treatment for people with AUD, mTBI, and PTSD each alone. However, there are no published studies to date on rTMS as a treatment for co-occurring AUD ＋ mTBI ＋ PTSD. This review article advances the knowledge base for rTMS as a treatment for AUD ＋ mTBI ＋ PTSD. This review provides background information about these co-occurring conditions as well as rTMS. The existing literature on rTMS as a treatment for people with AUD, TBI, and PTSD each alone is reviewed. Finally, neurobiological findings in support of a theoretical model are discussed to inform TMS as a treatment for co-occurring AUD ＋ mTBI ＋ PTSD. The peer-reviewed literature was identified by targeted literature searches using PubMed and supplemented by cross-referencing the bibliographies of relevant review articles. The existing evidence on rTMS as a treatment for these conditions in isolation, coupled with the overlapping neuropathology and symptomology of these conditions, suggests that rTMS may be well suited for the treatment of these conditions together.
文摘WUIma -which stands for Wildland-Urban Interface MAPping-is a software tool based on a GIS model （developped with Arcgis functions） designed to map wildland-urban interfaces at a large scale over a large area. The main outputs of WUImap are： （1） the map of twelve types of wildland-urban interfaces existing on the territory; （2） the map of four housing configuration （isolated, scattered, dense and very dense clustered housing） related to wildland-urban interfaces （WUI）. These maps are produced according to the method of WUI characterization combining housing configuration and horizontal structure of vegetation. Required inputs to map WUI are the layer of the residential house, the layer defining the fire sensitive area and the layer of the index of aggregation calculated on vegetation. The method of WUI characterization and mapping incorporated into WUImap has been evaluated and applied on real cases with good results. WUlmap has applicability as a decision support aid in a wide variety of land management ranging from fire management and fire prevention to analysis of WUI spread and land cover dynamic. The core method underlying the WUlrnap is summarized in the present paper.
文摘Non-traditional security issues have arisen since the 1960s,especially after the end of the Cold War,and are becoming a major issue in world security and politics.This reflects tremendous changes in the world situation.With diverse causes and plural referent objects,non-traditional security issues cover nearly all the problems in the world today and make development difficult to sustain.This raises the question of whether human society and the earth can survive.Power politics one-sidedly stresses the role of power,endangering the harmonious development of nations and the whole of human society.It is not at all conducive to the solution of non-traditional security issues.The solution of non-traditional security issues demands cooperation from all actors in the international community.Multiple means are needed to solve these issues.Equal dialogue between all the actors,which can easily be attained,will play an effective role,as long as all actors respect each other's differences.
文摘The response of cells to different types of electromagnetic fields can be induced by low-level (athermal) high frequency (HF) electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure associated with mobile phone technologies. There are many examples of biological effects involving the epigenome. EMF could trigger protein activation mediated by ligands, such as Ca2+, that alter the conformation of binding proteins, especially the NADPH plasmic membrane oxidase, so inducing increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that may alter proteomic functions. Classical antiapoptotic and procarcinogenic signaling mechanisms that are commonly found activated in human malignancies and in inflammation mainly involve the transcription factor NF-κB. The microenvironment that exists during chronic inflammation can contribute to cancer progression. The data support the proposition that long term HF-EMF exposure caused by improper use of cell phones may potentially cause cancer.
文摘I want to discuss recent international environment that China faces in its economic development from economic and strategic perspectives. First I will discuss the international economic environment. As is known to all, China’s development goal is to realize modernization. Modernization is first a comparative value.
文摘Basic public services of family planning is different from other public services,which is designed to meet the special needs of controlling practice birth of individual and family.In fact,equalization of public services is in the public finance area.Whether to formulate standards or to establish the content of basic public services,we can't bypass the regional differences of fiscal capacity.To provide a reliable basis of population and family planning basic public services,we estimate the funding needs of equalization quantitatively and build equalization allocation model by standard person coefficient.
文摘Barack Obama became the first African American president calling for change.He is not only faced with serious challenges on the economic and financial fronts,but also has to deal with a variety of major social problems which will potentially reshape American society in the 21 st century:increasing economic inequality,complex race relations,an unsustainable healthcare burden and a weakening education system. These are issues which have existed for decades in the U.S.,but now it seems that President Obama has a better opportunity to make a'real change'happen than his predecessors,because American society is going through a fundamental evolution.
文摘In April 2009,the NATO Strasbourg-Kehl Summit adopted a series of joint declarations and strategic plans,demonstrating that NATO is entering a new round of military-political strategic adjustment.NATO's new strategic direction has been motivated by various internal and external factors,including the pressure of the new international environment,the Obama administration's desire to upgrade strategic cooperation with its allies,the major European states represented by France and Germany seeking to strengthen the European pillar within NATO,and the urgent need to readjust NATO's external relations.The aim of the strategic readjustment is to advance NATO's military and political transformation from a regional collective defense organization into a more active and powerful Western military-political alliance.NATO is still facing a series of difficulties and challenges:the disappearance of the common threat of the Soviet bloc,the differing interests of the member states,and the fluctuation of real strength within the NATO will all impose constraints on NATO's development.Thus,there are still doubts and uncertainties about NATO's future role and position.
