Purpose: The aims of this study were to(1) investigate the health-related physical fitness profile of untrained adolescent boys in comparison to adolescent soccer players,(2) determine the intensity and enjoyment of 6...Purpose: The aims of this study were to(1) investigate the health-related physical fitness profile of untrained adolescent boys in comparison to adolescent soccer players,(2) determine the intensity and enjoyment of 6 v 6 and 4 v 4 small-sided games, and(3) evaluate the health-related effects of a short-period of soccer training in the untrained group.Methods: Forty-one adolescent boys(untrained, n = 24: age = 15.9 ± 0.6 years; trained, n = 17: age = 15.7 ± 0.7 years) were recruited. For Purpose 1,the players(n = 17) and the untrained(n = 24) boys were tested for speed, jumping power, postural balance, flexibility, and aerobic capacity. After baseline testing, Purposes 2 and 3 were addressed by randomly assigning the untrained boys to either a soccer-training group(small-sided games,2 sessions per week for 8 weeks) or to a control group, followed by identical retesting.Results: At baseline, physical fitness was higher(p < 0.001) in trained players than in untrained for aerobic fitness, sprinting, jumping power, and postural balance. Small-sided games using 6 v 6 or 4 v 4 elicited similar heart rate(HR)(mean: ~ 85% peak heart rate, HR_(peak)), rate of perceived exertion, and enjoyment responses. Over 8 weeks, the between-group analysis revealed that soccer training had a large beneficial effect on postural balance(45%) when compared with control group with unclear effects on other fitness parameters.Conclusion: Adolescent soccer players had markedly higher physical fitness compared with untrained adolescents. Small-sided soccer games practiced by untrained adolescents elicited high exercise intensity. While 8 weeks of twice-weekly soccer training sessions induced significant improvement in postural balance, the short duration of the study was not sufficient to result in between-group differences in sprint and jump performance or aerobic fitness.展开更多
Purpose:The aim of this study was to examine systemic responses of oxidant/antioxidant status following 2 training sessions of different intensity in amateur rhythmic gymnasts.Methods:Before the experimental training,...Purpose:The aim of this study was to examine systemic responses of oxidant/antioxidant status following 2 training sessions of different intensity in amateur rhythmic gymnasts.Methods:Before the experimental training,10 female gymnasts performed a gradually increased exercise test to assess maximal heart rate,maximal oxygen consumption,and anaerobic threshold.They executed 2 intermittent training sessions separated by 48 h of recovery(48 h-post R):the first was performed at low-moderate intensity(LMI)and the second at high intensity(HI).Blood samples were collected immediately preand post-training and 48 h-post R.Hydroperoxide level(OxL)and total antioxidant capacity(TAC)were photometrically measured.Results:OxL was significantly higher in post-training and 48 h-post R following HI than the same conditions after an LMI session(HI vs.LMI post-training:381.10±46.17(mean±SD)vs.344.18±27.94 Units Carratelli(U.CARR);48 h-post R:412.21±26.61 vs.373.80±36.08 U.CARR).There was no change in TAC between the 2 training sessions investigated.In LMI training,OxL significantly decreased in post-training and increased to reach the baseline at 48 h-post R,whereas TAC increased only at 48 h-post R.In HI training,OxL significantly increased to reach a high oxidative stress 48 h-post R,whereas TAC was lower in post-training than pre-training.Conclusion:The pattern of OxL and TAC levels implies different regulation mechanisms by HI and LMI training sessions.High oxidative stress induced by an HI protocol might be associated with both insufficient TAC and recovery time at 48 h necessary to restore redox balance.展开更多
Wet-cupping therapy(WCT)is one of the oldest known medical techniques,used as a traditional and complementary therapy with a wide application all around the world for general health.Research on the effects of WCT on s...Wet-cupping therapy(WCT)is one of the oldest known medical techniques,used as a traditional and complementary therapy with a wide application all around the world for general health.Research on the effects of WCT on sports performance are sparse and inconsistent.Thus,we aimed to explore the effects of WCT on repeated sprint ability,wellness,and exertion in young active males.Forty-nine active adult males(age:[28±5]years;body height[177±8]cm;body mass:[79±7]kg;body mass index:[25.4±1.8]kg/m^(2))were selected for the study.The participants performed a running-based sprint test on two separate occasions(Control and Post-WCT).WCT was performed 24 h before the testing session.They completed the Hooper questionnaire to assess their well-being(i.e.,sleep,stress,fatigue,and soreness)before each session.The rating of perceived exertion(RPE)was collected after each testing session.A higher maximum power(p<0.05,effect size[ES]=0.6),mean power(p<0.01,ES=0.5)and minimum power(p<0.01,ES=0.6)were recorded post-WCT as compared to Control session along with a better perceived sleep(p<0.01,ES=0.85).Perceived stress(p<0.01,ES=0.6)and RPE(p<0.001;ES=1.1)were lower during the post-WCT compared to the Control session.The present findings demonstrated that WCT moderately enhanced repeated sprint ability and had positive effects on perceived sleep,stress,and exertion.WCT may be an effective ergogenic aid to improve repeated sprint ability and general wellbeing in young adult males.Future large-scale multicentric clinical studies are paramount to confirm the results of our study.展开更多
In this article the affiliation details for Author Sebastien Racinais were incorrectly given as‘UMR 866 INRAE/University of Montpellier,DMEM,Montpellier,France’but should have been‘DMEM,Univ Montpellier,INRAE,Montp...In this article the affiliation details for Author Sebastien Racinais were incorrectly given as‘UMR 866 INRAE/University of Montpellier,DMEM,Montpellier,France’but should have been‘DMEM,Univ Montpellier,INRAE,Montpellier,France’.展开更多
Purpose Whilst modifications in thermoregulatory responses and plasma volume during heat acclimation(HA)are well researched,much less is known regarding hemoglobin mass.The aim of this study was to investigate the hem...Purpose Whilst modifications in thermoregulatory responses and plasma volume during heat acclimation(HA)are well researched,much less is known regarding hemoglobin mass.The aim of this study was to investigate the hematological adaptations associated with a long-term,progressive,work-matched controlled heart rate HA protocol.Methods Ten males(VO_(2peak):4.50±0.50 L/min)completed two three-week training interventions consisting of HA(36℃ and 59%RH)and exercise in temperate conditions(TEMP:18℃ and 60%RH)in a counter-balanced crossover design.Weekly training included 5 consecutive laboratory-based sessions(i.e.4 controlled heart rate training and 1 repeated sprint training)and 2 days off.Results Hemoglobin mass decreased from day 4 of training in HA(-22[-37,-8]g,P<0.001)but not TEMP(+2[-12,+17]g,P=0.743),returning to baseline at the end of HA(-7[-22,+7]g,P=0.333).As compared to day 1,several other adaptations were present from day 5 onward in HA including a decrease in heart rate at rest(-4[-8,-0]beats/min,P=0.040)and at a given work rate(-6[-10,-1]beats/min,P=0.012),an increase in whole-body sweat rate(+0.3[+0.1,+0.5]L/h,P=0.015),and an increase in power output(+18[+8,+28]W,P<0.001);while there was no changes in TEMP(P≥0.143).Plasma volume increased in both HA(+168[+23,+314]mL)and TEMP(+166[+20,+311]mL)by the 11th day of training(P≤0.027).Conclusion While training in both hot or temperate conditions led to plasma volume increases,training in the heat lead to specific physiological adaptations,including a transient decrease in hemoglobin mass that was rapidly reversed within a few days of HA.展开更多
Purpose The aim of this study was to confirm the impact of heat acclimation on aerobic performance in hot conditions and elucidate the transfer of heat adaptations to cool and hypoxic environments.Methods Ten males(VO...Purpose The aim of this study was to confirm the impact of heat acclimation on aerobic performance in hot conditions and elucidate the transfer of heat adaptations to cool and hypoxic environments.Methods Ten males(VO_(2peak):4.50±0.50 L/min)completed two three-week interventions consisting of heat acclimation(HA:36℃ and 59%RH)and temperate training(TEMP:18℃ and 60%RH)in a counter-balanced crossover design.Train-ing weeks consisted of four work-matched controlled heart rate sessions interspersed with one intermittent sprint session,and two rest days.Before and after the interventionsVO_(2peak) and 20-min time trial performance were evaluated in COOL(18℃),HOT(35℃)and hypoxic(HYP:18℃ andFiO_(2):15.4%)conditions.Results Following HA,VO_(2peak) increased significantly in HOT(0.24 L/min[0.01,0.47],P=0.040)but not COOL(P=0.431)or HYP(P=0.411),whereas TEMP had no influence onVO_(2peak)(P≥0.424).Mean time trial power output increased sig-nificantly in HOT(20 W[11,28],P<0.001)and COOL(12 W[4,21],P=0.004),but not HYP(7 W[-1,16],P=0.075)after HA,whereas TEMP had no influence on mean power output(P≥0.110).Rectal(-0.13℃[-0.23,-0.03],P=0.009)and skin(-0.7℃[-1.2,-0.3],P<0.001)temperature were lower during the time trial in HOT after HA,whereas mean heart rate did not differ(P=0.339).Conclusions HA improved aerobic performance in HOT in conjunction with lower thermal strain and enhanced cardiovas-cular stability(similar heart rate for higher workload),whereas the mechanistic pathways improving performance in COOL and HYP remain unclear.展开更多
The most common nerve compression in the upper extremity is that of carpal tunnel syndrome.Although generally recognized and treated,as much as a 20%failure rate is reported.Recent publications are indicating that one...The most common nerve compression in the upper extremity is that of carpal tunnel syndrome.Although generally recognized and treated,as much as a 20%failure rate is reported.Recent publications are indicating that one of the sources of persistent median nerve symptoms may be missed proximal median nerve entrapments,of which the lacertus fibrosus represents a principal cause of compression,and rarely other sites such as the flexor superficialis arch or pronator teres.Compression by the lacertus fibrosus is called lacertus syndrome,and as this is a clinically diagnosed entity,only rarely confirmed using electrodiagnostic or imaging studies,it is frequently overlooked.Clinicians regularly treating patients with carpal tunnel syndrome or patients with signs of median nerve neuropathy should be aware of the lacertus fibrosus as a possible compression site.In this review,we will define lacertus syndrome,describe its clinical manifestations and diagnosis,and demonstrate surgical techniques used to treat it.展开更多
Purpose This cross-sectional study investigated dynamic force-time variables and vaulting performance in young female gymnasts of different maturity status.Methods 120 gymnasts aged 5-14 years were sub-divided into ma...Purpose This cross-sectional study investigated dynamic force-time variables and vaulting performance in young female gymnasts of different maturity status.Methods 120 gymnasts aged 5-14 years were sub-divided into maturity groupings using percent of predicted adult height(%PAH)attained.Participants performed three jumping protocols,the squat jump(SJ),countermovement jump(CMJ)and drop jump(DJ),before completing straight jump vaults that were recorded using two-dimensional video.Results Jumping performance improved with biological maturity evidenced by the most mature gymnasts’producing sig-nificantly more absolute force(P<0.05;all d>0.78),impulse(P<0.05;all d>0.75)and power(P<0.05;all d>0.91)than the least mature group,resulting in the greater jump heights(P<0.05;all d>0.70).While,no significant differences were observed in relative peak force across multiple tests,measures of relative peak power did significantly increase with maturity.Based upon regression analyses,maturation was found to influence vertical take-off velocity during vaulting,explaining 41%of the variance in each jumping protocol.Across all tests,the DJ was found to have the highest predictive ability of vaulting vertical take-off velocity,explaining 55%of the total variance.Conclusion Biological maturation impacts jump height and underpinning mechanical variables in young female gymnasts.Vaulting vertical take-off velocity appears to be influenced by maturation and various dynamic force-time variables,par-ticularly those during DJ,which had the highest explained total variance.展开更多
Elite athletes will compete in extreme heat more frequently as global land and sea temperatures increase,alongside more intense,frequent and longer duration heatwaves.Best practices to protect athlete health and perfo...Elite athletes will compete in extreme heat more frequently as global land and sea temperatures increase,alongside more intense,frequent and longer duration heatwaves.Best practices to protect athlete health and performance during competition include heat acclimation/acclimatisation[(HA);i.e.,long-term pre-competition preparation]complemented by pre-planned and practised cooling and hydration strategies(i.e.,short-term interventions immediately before or during competition).This review explores elite athletes’current behaviours and practices when preparing for competition in the heat and assesses the level of knowledge that has been exhibited by athletes and their practitioners in this space.Recommendations for future research,discussions of current best practices,and methods to improve translation of research into practice are provided.Available research focuses on small samples of elite endurance athletes during a selection of World Championship/Olympic/Paralympic events(~6%of competing athletes).While generally an increase in the adoption of evidence-based HA is seen chronologically from 2015 onwards,universal adoption is not seen.HA adoption is lowest in those who live/train in cold/temperate environments with cost and access to facilities/equipment being the most commonly reported barriers.Further research is required across the sporting landscape to fully characterise elite athlete behaviours and practices in these spaces.International federations and national governing bodies should continue their efforts to educate athletes and focus on regularly updated and reinvigorated release of evidence-based guidelines(in multiple germane languages)for competing in the heat,to increase the adoption of HA and other heat related best practice.展开更多
文摘Purpose: The aims of this study were to(1) investigate the health-related physical fitness profile of untrained adolescent boys in comparison to adolescent soccer players,(2) determine the intensity and enjoyment of 6 v 6 and 4 v 4 small-sided games, and(3) evaluate the health-related effects of a short-period of soccer training in the untrained group.Methods: Forty-one adolescent boys(untrained, n = 24: age = 15.9 ± 0.6 years; trained, n = 17: age = 15.7 ± 0.7 years) were recruited. For Purpose 1,the players(n = 17) and the untrained(n = 24) boys were tested for speed, jumping power, postural balance, flexibility, and aerobic capacity. After baseline testing, Purposes 2 and 3 were addressed by randomly assigning the untrained boys to either a soccer-training group(small-sided games,2 sessions per week for 8 weeks) or to a control group, followed by identical retesting.Results: At baseline, physical fitness was higher(p < 0.001) in trained players than in untrained for aerobic fitness, sprinting, jumping power, and postural balance. Small-sided games using 6 v 6 or 4 v 4 elicited similar heart rate(HR)(mean: ~ 85% peak heart rate, HR_(peak)), rate of perceived exertion, and enjoyment responses. Over 8 weeks, the between-group analysis revealed that soccer training had a large beneficial effect on postural balance(45%) when compared with control group with unclear effects on other fitness parameters.Conclusion: Adolescent soccer players had markedly higher physical fitness compared with untrained adolescents. Small-sided soccer games practiced by untrained adolescents elicited high exercise intensity. While 8 weeks of twice-weekly soccer training sessions induced significant improvement in postural balance, the short duration of the study was not sufficient to result in between-group differences in sprint and jump performance or aerobic fitness.
基金supported by the University of Palermo (FFR 2012-13)
文摘Purpose:The aim of this study was to examine systemic responses of oxidant/antioxidant status following 2 training sessions of different intensity in amateur rhythmic gymnasts.Methods:Before the experimental training,10 female gymnasts performed a gradually increased exercise test to assess maximal heart rate,maximal oxygen consumption,and anaerobic threshold.They executed 2 intermittent training sessions separated by 48 h of recovery(48 h-post R):the first was performed at low-moderate intensity(LMI)and the second at high intensity(HI).Blood samples were collected immediately preand post-training and 48 h-post R.Hydroperoxide level(OxL)and total antioxidant capacity(TAC)were photometrically measured.Results:OxL was significantly higher in post-training and 48 h-post R following HI than the same conditions after an LMI session(HI vs.LMI post-training:381.10±46.17(mean±SD)vs.344.18±27.94 Units Carratelli(U.CARR);48 h-post R:412.21±26.61 vs.373.80±36.08 U.CARR).There was no change in TAC between the 2 training sessions investigated.In LMI training,OxL significantly decreased in post-training and increased to reach the baseline at 48 h-post R,whereas TAC increased only at 48 h-post R.In HI training,OxL significantly increased to reach a high oxidative stress 48 h-post R,whereas TAC was lower in post-training than pre-training.Conclusion:The pattern of OxL and TAC levels implies different regulation mechanisms by HI and LMI training sessions.High oxidative stress induced by an HI protocol might be associated with both insufficient TAC and recovery time at 48 h necessary to restore redox balance.
文摘Wet-cupping therapy(WCT)is one of the oldest known medical techniques,used as a traditional and complementary therapy with a wide application all around the world for general health.Research on the effects of WCT on sports performance are sparse and inconsistent.Thus,we aimed to explore the effects of WCT on repeated sprint ability,wellness,and exertion in young active males.Forty-nine active adult males(age:[28±5]years;body height[177±8]cm;body mass:[79±7]kg;body mass index:[25.4±1.8]kg/m^(2))were selected for the study.The participants performed a running-based sprint test on two separate occasions(Control and Post-WCT).WCT was performed 24 h before the testing session.They completed the Hooper questionnaire to assess their well-being(i.e.,sleep,stress,fatigue,and soreness)before each session.The rating of perceived exertion(RPE)was collected after each testing session.A higher maximum power(p<0.05,effect size[ES]=0.6),mean power(p<0.01,ES=0.5)and minimum power(p<0.01,ES=0.6)were recorded post-WCT as compared to Control session along with a better perceived sleep(p<0.01,ES=0.85).Perceived stress(p<0.01,ES=0.6)and RPE(p<0.001;ES=1.1)were lower during the post-WCT compared to the Control session.The present findings demonstrated that WCT moderately enhanced repeated sprint ability and had positive effects on perceived sleep,stress,and exertion.WCT may be an effective ergogenic aid to improve repeated sprint ability and general wellbeing in young adult males.Future large-scale multicentric clinical studies are paramount to confirm the results of our study.
文摘In this article the affiliation details for Author Sebastien Racinais were incorrectly given as‘UMR 866 INRAE/University of Montpellier,DMEM,Montpellier,France’but should have been‘DMEM,Univ Montpellier,INRAE,Montpellier,France’.
文摘Purpose Whilst modifications in thermoregulatory responses and plasma volume during heat acclimation(HA)are well researched,much less is known regarding hemoglobin mass.The aim of this study was to investigate the hematological adaptations associated with a long-term,progressive,work-matched controlled heart rate HA protocol.Methods Ten males(VO_(2peak):4.50±0.50 L/min)completed two three-week training interventions consisting of HA(36℃ and 59%RH)and exercise in temperate conditions(TEMP:18℃ and 60%RH)in a counter-balanced crossover design.Weekly training included 5 consecutive laboratory-based sessions(i.e.4 controlled heart rate training and 1 repeated sprint training)and 2 days off.Results Hemoglobin mass decreased from day 4 of training in HA(-22[-37,-8]g,P<0.001)but not TEMP(+2[-12,+17]g,P=0.743),returning to baseline at the end of HA(-7[-22,+7]g,P=0.333).As compared to day 1,several other adaptations were present from day 5 onward in HA including a decrease in heart rate at rest(-4[-8,-0]beats/min,P=0.040)and at a given work rate(-6[-10,-1]beats/min,P=0.012),an increase in whole-body sweat rate(+0.3[+0.1,+0.5]L/h,P=0.015),and an increase in power output(+18[+8,+28]W,P<0.001);while there was no changes in TEMP(P≥0.143).Plasma volume increased in both HA(+168[+23,+314]mL)and TEMP(+166[+20,+311]mL)by the 11th day of training(P≤0.027).Conclusion While training in both hot or temperate conditions led to plasma volume increases,training in the heat lead to specific physiological adaptations,including a transient decrease in hemoglobin mass that was rapidly reversed within a few days of HA.
文摘Purpose The aim of this study was to confirm the impact of heat acclimation on aerobic performance in hot conditions and elucidate the transfer of heat adaptations to cool and hypoxic environments.Methods Ten males(VO_(2peak):4.50±0.50 L/min)completed two three-week interventions consisting of heat acclimation(HA:36℃ and 59%RH)and temperate training(TEMP:18℃ and 60%RH)in a counter-balanced crossover design.Train-ing weeks consisted of four work-matched controlled heart rate sessions interspersed with one intermittent sprint session,and two rest days.Before and after the interventionsVO_(2peak) and 20-min time trial performance were evaluated in COOL(18℃),HOT(35℃)and hypoxic(HYP:18℃ andFiO_(2):15.4%)conditions.Results Following HA,VO_(2peak) increased significantly in HOT(0.24 L/min[0.01,0.47],P=0.040)but not COOL(P=0.431)or HYP(P=0.411),whereas TEMP had no influence onVO_(2peak)(P≥0.424).Mean time trial power output increased sig-nificantly in HOT(20 W[11,28],P<0.001)and COOL(12 W[4,21],P=0.004),but not HYP(7 W[-1,16],P=0.075)after HA,whereas TEMP had no influence on mean power output(P≥0.110).Rectal(-0.13℃[-0.23,-0.03],P=0.009)and skin(-0.7℃[-1.2,-0.3],P<0.001)temperature were lower during the time trial in HOT after HA,whereas mean heart rate did not differ(P=0.339).Conclusions HA improved aerobic performance in HOT in conjunction with lower thermal strain and enhanced cardiovas-cular stability(similar heart rate for higher workload),whereas the mechanistic pathways improving performance in COOL and HYP remain unclear.
文摘The most common nerve compression in the upper extremity is that of carpal tunnel syndrome.Although generally recognized and treated,as much as a 20%failure rate is reported.Recent publications are indicating that one of the sources of persistent median nerve symptoms may be missed proximal median nerve entrapments,of which the lacertus fibrosus represents a principal cause of compression,and rarely other sites such as the flexor superficialis arch or pronator teres.Compression by the lacertus fibrosus is called lacertus syndrome,and as this is a clinically diagnosed entity,only rarely confirmed using electrodiagnostic or imaging studies,it is frequently overlooked.Clinicians regularly treating patients with carpal tunnel syndrome or patients with signs of median nerve neuropathy should be aware of the lacertus fibrosus as a possible compression site.In this review,we will define lacertus syndrome,describe its clinical manifestations and diagnosis,and demonstrate surgical techniques used to treat it.
文摘Purpose This cross-sectional study investigated dynamic force-time variables and vaulting performance in young female gymnasts of different maturity status.Methods 120 gymnasts aged 5-14 years were sub-divided into maturity groupings using percent of predicted adult height(%PAH)attained.Participants performed three jumping protocols,the squat jump(SJ),countermovement jump(CMJ)and drop jump(DJ),before completing straight jump vaults that were recorded using two-dimensional video.Results Jumping performance improved with biological maturity evidenced by the most mature gymnasts’producing sig-nificantly more absolute force(P<0.05;all d>0.78),impulse(P<0.05;all d>0.75)and power(P<0.05;all d>0.91)than the least mature group,resulting in the greater jump heights(P<0.05;all d>0.70).While,no significant differences were observed in relative peak force across multiple tests,measures of relative peak power did significantly increase with maturity.Based upon regression analyses,maturation was found to influence vertical take-off velocity during vaulting,explaining 41%of the variance in each jumping protocol.Across all tests,the DJ was found to have the highest predictive ability of vaulting vertical take-off velocity,explaining 55%of the total variance.Conclusion Biological maturation impacts jump height and underpinning mechanical variables in young female gymnasts.Vaulting vertical take-off velocity appears to be influenced by maturation and various dynamic force-time variables,par-ticularly those during DJ,which had the highest explained total variance.
文摘Elite athletes will compete in extreme heat more frequently as global land and sea temperatures increase,alongside more intense,frequent and longer duration heatwaves.Best practices to protect athlete health and performance during competition include heat acclimation/acclimatisation[(HA);i.e.,long-term pre-competition preparation]complemented by pre-planned and practised cooling and hydration strategies(i.e.,short-term interventions immediately before or during competition).This review explores elite athletes’current behaviours and practices when preparing for competition in the heat and assesses the level of knowledge that has been exhibited by athletes and their practitioners in this space.Recommendations for future research,discussions of current best practices,and methods to improve translation of research into practice are provided.Available research focuses on small samples of elite endurance athletes during a selection of World Championship/Olympic/Paralympic events(~6%of competing athletes).While generally an increase in the adoption of evidence-based HA is seen chronologically from 2015 onwards,universal adoption is not seen.HA adoption is lowest in those who live/train in cold/temperate environments with cost and access to facilities/equipment being the most commonly reported barriers.Further research is required across the sporting landscape to fully characterise elite athlete behaviours and practices in these spaces.International federations and national governing bodies should continue their efforts to educate athletes and focus on regularly updated and reinvigorated release of evidence-based guidelines(in multiple germane languages)for competing in the heat,to increase the adoption of HA and other heat related best practice.
