The built environment and construction industry are another significant source of carbon emissions to the environment in the world,through the production of materials,construction activities,and the energy consumed du...The built environment and construction industry are another significant source of carbon emissions to the environment in the world,through the production of materials,construction activities,and the energy consumed during the lifecycle of an asset.These emissions are difficult to manage effectively because the data are not consolidated,the operating conditions are dynamic,and the traditional assessment tools are not able to support continuous and data-driven decisions.The new technologies,especially Digital Twins(DT)and artificial intelligence(AI),have some potential solutions,which will combine the lifecycle data and provide a predictive,adaptive carbon management in the building and urban systems.The given paper is a systematic review of the integration of DT and AI(DT–AI)into carbon management in operational construction and urban planning.Structured database searches and filters on the basis of DT-facilitated carbon monitoring,prediction,optimization,and operational control were used to identify peer-reviewed studies that were published within the last few years and filtered through to gather them.Three main functions of DT–AI systems are outlined in the review:predicting carbon emissions on the basis of data-driven models,optimizing low-carbon design and planning with multi-objective approaches,and providing intelligent control of the energy systems.Some of the major issues are data interoperability,model validation,and a lack of evidence of large-scale deployment.This study combines integrated DT–AI models and their contribution to lifecycle carbon management,unlike the previous reviews of either DT or AI alone.The paper ends with a conclusion and recommendations to create scalable,validated DT–AI solutions to accomplish carbon-neutral built environments.展开更多
Nowadays,end fitting corrosion reduces the mechanical strength and flashover voltage of insulators,forming a huge threat to high‐voltage direct current transmission lines.At present,the parameters of electrolytic cor...Nowadays,end fitting corrosion reduces the mechanical strength and flashover voltage of insulators,forming a huge threat to high‐voltage direct current transmission lines.At present,the parameters of electrolytic corrosion inhibition measures are selected based on the premise of the constant annual corrosion rate.However,with the development of corrosion,corrosion products accumulate on the insulator surface,which may impact the corrosion rate.In order to clarify the influence of corrosion products,this work studied how corrosion products influence the corrosion rate from the corrosion phenomenon,corrosion current,feature and formation of corrosion products.The results showed that corrosion products of iron and zinc were excellent in adhesion on the insulator surface and could not be cleaned by rain,which was able to increase the corrosion rate.In future,in the selection of the quality of the zinc ring bonded on insulator fittings,there will be a demand to consider the influence of corrosion products on the corrosion rate.展开更多
In China, the Beautiful Countryside Development is a prototype of New Countryside Construction whose development mechanism is closely related to the urbanization level of the region. Regarding the consumption space pr...In China, the Beautiful Countryside Development is a prototype of New Countryside Construction whose development mechanism is closely related to the urbanization level of the region. Regarding the consumption space production of the metropolis amid the accelerating process of urbanization since the 1990 s, the declination of traditional villages is just inevitable. Thus, under the circumstances of new urbanization, the development of traditional villages is more and more related to the expansion of urban consumption space and the modernization of agriculture, as proved by the formation of a concentric-radial pattern of rings of consumption spaces in the rural area surrounding Hangzhou. Taking three villages around Hangzhou as a typical example of the Beautiful Countryside Development, this paper puts forward a Beauty Index System to evaluate their development characteristics and analyzes their development mechanisms respectively. It proves that the three villages are all characterized by the integrity of both production space and consumption space, yet with different attributes in terms of human settlement, society and culture, and industrial structure. It concludes that this is the result of various driving forces which also result in the formation of a concentric-radial pattern of rings in rural areas amid urbanization.展开更多
文摘The built environment and construction industry are another significant source of carbon emissions to the environment in the world,through the production of materials,construction activities,and the energy consumed during the lifecycle of an asset.These emissions are difficult to manage effectively because the data are not consolidated,the operating conditions are dynamic,and the traditional assessment tools are not able to support continuous and data-driven decisions.The new technologies,especially Digital Twins(DT)and artificial intelligence(AI),have some potential solutions,which will combine the lifecycle data and provide a predictive,adaptive carbon management in the building and urban systems.The given paper is a systematic review of the integration of DT and AI(DT–AI)into carbon management in operational construction and urban planning.Structured database searches and filters on the basis of DT-facilitated carbon monitoring,prediction,optimization,and operational control were used to identify peer-reviewed studies that were published within the last few years and filtered through to gather them.Three main functions of DT–AI systems are outlined in the review:predicting carbon emissions on the basis of data-driven models,optimizing low-carbon design and planning with multi-objective approaches,and providing intelligent control of the energy systems.Some of the major issues are data interoperability,model validation,and a lack of evidence of large-scale deployment.This study combines integrated DT–AI models and their contribution to lifecycle carbon management,unlike the previous reviews of either DT or AI alone.The paper ends with a conclusion and recommendations to create scalable,validated DT–AI solutions to accomplish carbon-neutral built environments.
基金supported by the Young Innovative Talents in Higher Education of Guangdong(NO.6020210025K).
文摘Nowadays,end fitting corrosion reduces the mechanical strength and flashover voltage of insulators,forming a huge threat to high‐voltage direct current transmission lines.At present,the parameters of electrolytic corrosion inhibition measures are selected based on the premise of the constant annual corrosion rate.However,with the development of corrosion,corrosion products accumulate on the insulator surface,which may impact the corrosion rate.In order to clarify the influence of corrosion products,this work studied how corrosion products influence the corrosion rate from the corrosion phenomenon,corrosion current,feature and formation of corrosion products.The results showed that corrosion products of iron and zinc were excellent in adhesion on the insulator surface and could not be cleaned by rain,which was able to increase the corrosion rate.In future,in the selection of the quality of the zinc ring bonded on insulator fittings,there will be a demand to consider the influence of corrosion products on the corrosion rate.
基金supported by Planning Project Fund of Ministry of Education on Humanities and Social Sciences (16YJAZH063)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation (LY16D010008, LY15D010004)Zhejiang Provincial Philosophy and Social Science Planning Research (16NDJC211YB)
文摘In China, the Beautiful Countryside Development is a prototype of New Countryside Construction whose development mechanism is closely related to the urbanization level of the region. Regarding the consumption space production of the metropolis amid the accelerating process of urbanization since the 1990 s, the declination of traditional villages is just inevitable. Thus, under the circumstances of new urbanization, the development of traditional villages is more and more related to the expansion of urban consumption space and the modernization of agriculture, as proved by the formation of a concentric-radial pattern of rings of consumption spaces in the rural area surrounding Hangzhou. Taking three villages around Hangzhou as a typical example of the Beautiful Countryside Development, this paper puts forward a Beauty Index System to evaluate their development characteristics and analyzes their development mechanisms respectively. It proves that the three villages are all characterized by the integrity of both production space and consumption space, yet with different attributes in terms of human settlement, society and culture, and industrial structure. It concludes that this is the result of various driving forces which also result in the formation of a concentric-radial pattern of rings in rural areas amid urbanization.
