We do so much to prepare our children for the future,but are we doing enough to prepare the future for our children?To do so we must seek sustainability.Sustainability is a new way of thinking about an age-old concern...We do so much to prepare our children for the future,but are we doing enough to prepare the future for our children?To do so we must seek sustainability.Sustainability is a new way of thinking about an age-old concern:ensuring that our children and grandchildren inherit a tomorrow that is at least as good as today,preferably better.We want to make sure that the way we live our lives is sustainable that can continue and keep improving for long time.And since buildings produce half of all greenhouse gases and account for one-sixth of the world's freshwater withdrawals,one-quarter of its wood harvest and two fifths of its material and energy flows.By several estimates,we will double the size of the built environment over the next twenty to forty years.Therefore,there is a critical and immediate need to shift thinking on how the built environment is designed.To reduce environmental impact,protect public health and improve environmental equity and justice,we must change principles for building practice.Designers in general and architects in particular should play a high-profile leadership role in this transformation.展开更多
Starting from the illustration of the definition and concept of the architectural theory, the author established his unique understanding about the framework of the architectural theory and the innovation of the archi...Starting from the illustration of the definition and concept of the architectural theory, the author established his unique understanding about the framework of the architectural theory and the innovation of the architectural theory underlined by Chinese characteristics.展开更多
Lime mortars have a rich history of being blended with organic additives to address weaknesses such as low setting time and hydric properties.This study specifically investigates the impact of incorporating straw and ...Lime mortars have a rich history of being blended with organic additives to address weaknesses such as low setting time and hydric properties.This study specifically investigates the impact of incorporating straw and sesame oil into lime mortar mixes,focusing on their influence on open porosity,permeability,water absorption,and durability.While previous studies explored the effects of natural fibers and fatty acid additives on lime mortars separately,this study examines their simultaneous incorporation in mortars.The results demonstrated that the simultaneous addition of sesame oil and straw decreased the water absorption values of the mortars to 77%.Furthermore,the inclusion of sesame oil resulted in a significant 30%increase in impermeability values.However,when both sesame oil and straw were added together,the increase in impermeability was less than 20%compared to the reference mortar with no additives.These findings highlights that the combined addition of sesame oil and straw has a lesser impact on the permeability values of mortars,which is a positive outcome,as maintaining optimal permeability is essential for the long-term preservation of historical substrates.The combination of straw and sesame oil enhances hydric properties without undermining the mortar’s structure and permeability.These results emphasize the sustainable nature of lime mortars in restoration projects,showcasing their compatibility with traditional masonry practices.By combining natural fibers with fatty acids,mortars demonstrate improved durability,offering a promising avenue for enhancing performance while retaining essential properties.展开更多
The application of ecological building materials in architectural design is in line with the concept of green development and can promote the transformation and upgrading of the construction industry.Against this back...The application of ecological building materials in architectural design is in line with the concept of green development and can promote the transformation and upgrading of the construction industry.Against this background,this article systematically explains the definition,characteristics,and classification of ecological building materials,and discusses the selection criteria and application scenarios of ecological building materials.On the basis of the previous analysis,the article proposes that the application of ecological building materials in architectural design needs to do a good job in the integration of materials,system expression,digital synergy,and total life cycle management.Thus,it expands the application scenarios of ecological building materials in architectural design and helps the industry to develop sustainably.展开更多
Architectural skyline is an important part of urban landscape, also is the most direct expression of "first impression". However, with the development of the city, the shaping of the skyline that is contrary...Architectural skyline is an important part of urban landscape, also is the most direct expression of "first impression". However, with the development of the city, the shaping of the skyline that is contrary to the concept of aesthetics and the position of skyline in the urban form has been gradually ignored. Based on the interpretation of traditional architecture aesthetics theories, the paper introduced its rules as a guide into the development of city architectural skyline, analyzed and concluded the aesthetic characteristics of architectural skyline from the aspects of architectural form and naturalism. It provided theoretical guidance and method reference in the consideration of the creation and development on the city architectural skyline.展开更多
The issues of analyzing the cultural differences in architecture, and the interaction between culture and space have gained importance in many respects both in practice and in education. ＂Culture＂ and conservation o...The issues of analyzing the cultural differences in architecture, and the interaction between culture and space have gained importance in many respects both in practice and in education. ＂Culture＂ and conservation of the ＂cultural heritage＂ have a place in the conditions for the ＂architectural education＂ put forward by the UNESCO （The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization）/UIA （International Union of Architects） Council during the 2002 meeting in Berlin. For this purpose, cultural, social, urban, environmental and architectural values and issues of architectural heritage were defined as specific subjects that should be considered in the preparation of the curriculum to build up a sense of responsibility. From this point of view, this paper aims to propose an educational process for dealing with the sense of cultural heritage and its survival in the modern world, and shares the products of the work carried out at the Project 4 Studio at Faculty of Fine Arts, Department of Interior Architecture, Yeditepe University, as the studio training is the main component of architectural education. The main issue of the paper is to present some examples of the student projects and to consider the importance of design studio, which can gain knowledge about cultural and architectural heritage and develop students＇ skills to adopt and be respectful to traditional values.展开更多
According to the language of post-modern architecture which Charles Jencks proposed in the 1980s,form has been very crucial for architectural language expression.However,many suggestions also imply that the material w...According to the language of post-modern architecture which Charles Jencks proposed in the 1980s,form has been very crucial for architectural language expression.However,many suggestions also imply that the material which is deployed for building is also significant in the linguistic expression of architecture.Based on this consideration,the material use of architecture will also contain semiotic implications,whether for architects or for social consensus.How the material talks and what it says are two questions that need to be clarified.To answer these two questions,some empirical works in architecture will be examined to reveal the messages which could be delivered in architectural materials.Before this,semiotic debates in architecture will be reviewed.Then,two empirical works,one in the West and one in the East,will be considered particularly for their material deployments on the surface(façade).Since the architectural surface is the most tangible part of architecture in terms of material use,the surfaces of both projects will be discussed in detail with their implications and the atmospheres which the materials formulated and created.This paper will conclude with a consideration of the possible implications from these projects and also the different expressions of material use,which will help us to rethink the expression of the material use of architectural surface.展开更多
In the form of rapid development in China and the increasingly fierce international competition, the future of Chinese architecture and how Chinese architects should develop have always been the topic of active attent...In the form of rapid development in China and the increasingly fierce international competition, the future of Chinese architecture and how Chinese architects should develop have always been the topic of active attention in the industry. With the rapid development of society, people's life rhythm is accelerating, which puts forward higher requirements for the aesthetics and functions of architecture. With the continuous updating of building materials and decoration materials, there are more and more aesthetic choices for architectural style and decoration. The appearance, history, technology, etc. of buildings are all manifestations of architectural culture. The design of buildings is influenced by geographical and environmental factors, and the architectural culture of buildings will also be reflected in buildings.展开更多
As we all know, traditional architecture is a key link in the development of domestic construction engineering industry, and the profound traditional culture contained therein has certain characteristics of the times ...As we all know, traditional architecture is a key link in the development of domestic construction engineering industry, and the profound traditional culture contained therein has certain characteristics of the times and art. Therefore, engineering construction units should improve the innovative application of traditional architectural elements in modern architectural engineering design, so as to improve the cultural heritage of architectural engineering. Then greatly promote the overall development and progress in the field of construction engineering.展开更多
This paper is based on a scientific methodology developed by its author(1987)in his doctoral dissertation and later(2004)published in a book.According to this methodology,architecture is understood as a system consist...This paper is based on a scientific methodology developed by its author(1987)in his doctoral dissertation and later(2004)published in a book.According to this methodology,architecture is understood as a system consisting of four basic elements:Environment,Man,Boundaries and Perspectives.As a case study,this methodology was checked and confirmed(in the dissertation and in the cited book)on the example of an oriental-type town hall in Bosnia and Herzegovina,Serbia,Montenegro,Kosovo and Macedonia,and later in all published books,to date.In this paper,the author draws attention to the element of Perspective(in architecture)thus emphasizing its exceptional importance in understanding architecture as a whole.In doing so,this element cannot be separated from the other three elements(Environment,Man,Boundaries)since with them he builds architecture as a single whole.展开更多
<i><span style="font-family:;" "="">Parkia biglobosa</span></i><span style="font-family:;" "=""> is a much-loved and over-exploited Afric...<i><span style="font-family:;" "="">Parkia biglobosa</span></i><span style="font-family:;" "=""> is a much-loved and over-exploited African savannah species for its socio-economic importance. Knowing and taking into account its architectural unit, which is the basis for diagnosing phenology, productivity and tree health, could provide a new perspective on its sustainable management. The aim of this study is to establish the architectural development in <i>Parkia biglobosa</i> by retrospective analysis. To achieve this objective, 390 individuals of all sizes ranging from seedlings to senescent trees were observed and analysed under various soil and climatic conditions in Côte d’Ivoire. The results showed that <i>Parkia biglobosa</i> is a light plant but shading tolerant. It is a mixed vegetative axis plant, the stem is orthotropic* in its proximal part and plagiotropic* (collapsing) in its distal part in young stage. The tree then transitions to an adult and old stage into a tree with a plagiotropic* axis in the proximal and distal parts, the trunk is built up by superimposing collapsed relay axes that gradually straighten, branching is sympodial*, growth is defined and sexuality is terminal and lateral. The ontogeny takes place in three phases: initiation of development and establishment of the crown (young), then flowering and establishment of the architectural unity (adult) and finally the death of secondary axes in the crown, duplication of the architecture by a series of partial and total reiterations (old). The level of organisation is 5: the phytomere, the module or growth unit, the axis, the architectural unit and the reiterated complex. Retrospective analysis of the modules showed that the dimensions of the growth units are indicators of morphological variation and species adaptation to a changing climate (<i>P</i> < 0.05). However, the equations generated by the morphological and habitat dimension linkage models are not significant (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> and <i>r</i> </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">< 0.7) to be used as a guide for field data collection. This study represents an initiation into the architectural study of this species and the information provided will serve as a basis for further research into the architecture in relation to the sustainable use of this species.</span>展开更多
Architectural heritage comprises one o the most important elements of mountain settlements in Greece. It holds high cultural value, represents the tangible continuation of the past and forms the unique character and i...Architectural heritage comprises one o the most important elements of mountain settlements in Greece. It holds high cultural value, represents the tangible continuation of the past and forms the unique character and identity of each mountain region. Yet, controversy regarding funding for its preservation often arises. In this paper, we used two Contingent Valuation surveys to estimate the socia benefit deriving from protecting the traditiona architecture in the mountainous village of Sirako and through it, to examine perceptions and attitudes o local residents and visitors. Research findings revealed a strong social will in favor of the good's protection followed by high percentages of positive willingness to pay(WTP). However, WTP is significantly higher among residents. Cultura heritage value, of the good, appears to prevail, along with the environmental one. However, both residents and visitors pointed out that local heritage, if wellpreserved, will boost tourism development. Residents appeared to better recognize the true level o architectural decay, expressed higher apprehension for its protection and were willing to pay higher amount of money. Tourists, on the other side expressed high satisfaction for their visit, appreciated the beauty and serenity emerging from local built and natural environment and spent several days visiting the surrounding area. The longer they stayed and gotfamiliar with the village, the more willing they were to contribute to local heritage's protection. Percentages reflecting indifference for protecting architecture were extremely low. Yet, they were higher among tourists. Traditional architecture is considered as public good; an opinion resulting in an important percentage of visitors stating that national government should provide the necessary funding. In addition, the architecture appears to hold a high level of topicality. Those descending from Sirako or emotionally connected to it, of both social groups,turned out to be more concerned about the good and with a stronger sense of responsibility for it. Usevalue of the good holds high economic value, as well,while higher percentages of zero WTP appeared among non-users. Research findings revealed social attitudes and perceptions on what constitutes architectural heritage, in its cultural and economic frame. If taken under consideration, they may form useful drivers for local, heritage-based, sustainable development.展开更多
With the introduction of Opinions on Deepening the Reform in Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education in Colleges and Universities issued by the General Office of the State Council, establishing an advanced innovativ...With the introduction of Opinions on Deepening the Reform in Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education in Colleges and Universities issued by the General Office of the State Council, establishing an advanced innovative and entrepreneurial education idea, persisting in cultivation-orientation and comprehensively improving personnel training quality have become an important development direction of higher education, and the innovation and entrepreneurship education reform has provided an impetus for the comprehensive reform in colleges and universities. In this context, how to combine the concept of innovation and entrepreneurship education with the traditional teaching system proves to be an important issue to be considered in the development of colleges and universities. The construction of three teaching platforms for innovation, practice and entrepreneurship enables the idea of innovation and entrepreneurship education to be incorporated into the teaching process of Chinese architectural history, thereby carrying out a systematic, comprehensive, far-reaching teaching system reform. The past several years have witnessed a good teaching effect in University of Science and Technology Liaoning due to the implementation of the teaching system reform. It is hoped that the teaching system reform carried out by University of Science and Technology Liaoning can provide a reference for the teaching of Chinese architectural history.展开更多
Using the software of Ecotect, the simulation of lighting and thermal environment of a real architecture is presented to show the merits and shortcomings by using computer software for simulation of architectural phys...Using the software of Ecotect, the simulation of lighting and thermal environment of a real architecture is presented to show the merits and shortcomings by using computer software for simulation of architectural physical environmental design and estimation. Issues on creating the digital model, parameter setting, process planning and realization are discussed.展开更多
In the last years, architectural practice has been confronted with a paradigm shift towards the application of digital methods in design activities. In this regard, it is a pedagogic challenge to provide a suitable co...In the last years, architectural practice has been confronted with a paradigm shift towards the application of digital methods in design activities. In this regard, it is a pedagogic challenge to provide a suitable computational background for architectural students, to improve their ability to apply algorithmic-parametric logic, as well as fabrication and prototyping resources to design problem solving. This challenge is even stronger when considering less favored social and technological contexts, such as in Brazil, for example. In this scenario, this article presents and discusses the procedures and the results from a didactic experience carried out in a design computing-oriented discipline, inserted in the curriculum of a Brazilian architecture course. Hence, this paper shares some design computing teaching experiences and presents some results on computational methods and creative approaches, with a view to contribute to a better understanding about the relations between logical thinking, mathematics and architectural design processes.展开更多
In the China merchants property 2013 green architectural design competition,feature of this awardwinning program is the design method based on the principles of passive priority and comprehensive utilization of full l...In the China merchants property 2013 green architectural design competition,feature of this awardwinning program is the design method based on the principles of passive priority and comprehensive utilization of full life cycle. The passive priority can be achieved by building form derived from the simulation and analysis of wind environment,improvement of the building envelope insulation and the dehumidification of fresh air,the use of solar energy. The full life cycle utilization can be accomplished by the combination of exhibition and residents' leisure activities, and the integration with local cultural tradition, thereby improving energy efficiency and the utilization of the building.展开更多
Based on the rational classification and screening of the literature related to the transformation of urban villages in China,this paper studied the research framework of the architectural space field in the study of ...Based on the rational classification and screening of the literature related to the transformation of urban villages in China,this paper studied the research framework of the architectural space field in the study of urban village transformation,and analyzed the research status of architectural spaces and users in the process of urban village transformation,proposed four research contents of urban village transformation,namely,promoting space rights for all types of people to live on an equal footing,paying attention to the renewal and rejuvenation of urban areas,attaching importance to the technical methods of space construction,and ensuring flexible and diverse space construction methods,and summed up the necessity of carrying out research on urban village transformation in the field of architectural space construction.展开更多
Based on site studies, historical literature investigation and academic communication, this work aims to dig out the cultural significance in architectural and religious aspects conveyed in cliff carvings in the Bashu...Based on site studies, historical literature investigation and academic communication, this work aims to dig out the cultural significance in architectural and religious aspects conveyed in cliff carvings in the Bashu region. After casting a glance at the origin and evolution of Bashu culture and religion mainly involving Daoism and Buddhism recorded in forms of cliff carvings, we concentrated on discovering the national, regional and folk architectural characters implicated in cliff carvings at different sites within the Bashu region. The cliff carvings in this region vividly depicted the evolution of the architectural culture hereof. The essence of their religious and architectural connotations can be good stuff to be input in today’s architectural design philosophy.展开更多
Linpu Village of Fuzhou City was selected for research,colors of representative buildings there including ancient dwellings,ancestral halls,and temples were analyzed using field research,color atla comparison,data col...Linpu Village of Fuzhou City was selected for research,colors of representative buildings there including ancient dwellings,ancestral halls,and temples were analyzed using field research,color atla comparison,data collection,and analysis and induction,in accordance with the Chinese Color System,the color composition of each type of building was summarized.Regional characteristics and causes of the architectural color of Linpu Village were further explored analyzing the geographical location,local customs and practices,and architectural functions of the village.Finally,according to the dual requirements of building beautiful villages and cultural heritage protection,suggestions for establishing color standards for buildings in traditional villages were put forward.展开更多
This research provides an exploration of a biomimetic approach in the process of designing a candelabra model using linear shaped leaves of a Bell flower.The design process described in this research contains two step...This research provides an exploration of a biomimetic approach in the process of designing a candelabra model using linear shaped leaves of a Bell flower.The design process described in this research contains two steps:biological and geometrical.In the first biological step,a proper model for the creation of an urban element was found from nature in a Bell flower(Campanula persicifolia L.).The upper leaves of the selected plant,which are small with a linear spear and sharpening at the top,were chosen for the modeling process.The second step included applying two geometrical methods,i.e.,Voronoi diagrams and Delaunay triangulation.A geometrical leaf form of the selected plant species and the modeling process were obtained using aparametric modeling software,Blender.Using different Blender plug-ins and modifiers,Delaunay triangulation and Voronoi diagram were implemented by marking the starting points on the leaf form in the image data source,adjusting the Delaunay triangulation parameters,and creating Voronoi diagrams in which the Voronoi points were located at the shortest distance from the edges of the Voronoi polygon.Consequently,a three dimensional model of a candelabra was developed through this study.展开更多
文摘We do so much to prepare our children for the future,but are we doing enough to prepare the future for our children?To do so we must seek sustainability.Sustainability is a new way of thinking about an age-old concern:ensuring that our children and grandchildren inherit a tomorrow that is at least as good as today,preferably better.We want to make sure that the way we live our lives is sustainable that can continue and keep improving for long time.And since buildings produce half of all greenhouse gases and account for one-sixth of the world's freshwater withdrawals,one-quarter of its wood harvest and two fifths of its material and energy flows.By several estimates,we will double the size of the built environment over the next twenty to forty years.Therefore,there is a critical and immediate need to shift thinking on how the built environment is designed.To reduce environmental impact,protect public health and improve environmental equity and justice,we must change principles for building practice.Designers in general and architects in particular should play a high-profile leadership role in this transformation.
文摘Starting from the illustration of the definition and concept of the architectural theory, the author established his unique understanding about the framework of the architectural theory and the innovation of the architectural theory underlined by Chinese characteristics.
文摘Lime mortars have a rich history of being blended with organic additives to address weaknesses such as low setting time and hydric properties.This study specifically investigates the impact of incorporating straw and sesame oil into lime mortar mixes,focusing on their influence on open porosity,permeability,water absorption,and durability.While previous studies explored the effects of natural fibers and fatty acid additives on lime mortars separately,this study examines their simultaneous incorporation in mortars.The results demonstrated that the simultaneous addition of sesame oil and straw decreased the water absorption values of the mortars to 77%.Furthermore,the inclusion of sesame oil resulted in a significant 30%increase in impermeability values.However,when both sesame oil and straw were added together,the increase in impermeability was less than 20%compared to the reference mortar with no additives.These findings highlights that the combined addition of sesame oil and straw has a lesser impact on the permeability values of mortars,which is a positive outcome,as maintaining optimal permeability is essential for the long-term preservation of historical substrates.The combination of straw and sesame oil enhances hydric properties without undermining the mortar’s structure and permeability.These results emphasize the sustainable nature of lime mortars in restoration projects,showcasing their compatibility with traditional masonry practices.By combining natural fibers with fatty acids,mortars demonstrate improved durability,offering a promising avenue for enhancing performance while retaining essential properties.
文摘The application of ecological building materials in architectural design is in line with the concept of green development and can promote the transformation and upgrading of the construction industry.Against this background,this article systematically explains the definition,characteristics,and classification of ecological building materials,and discusses the selection criteria and application scenarios of ecological building materials.On the basis of the previous analysis,the article proposes that the application of ecological building materials in architectural design needs to do a good job in the integration of materials,system expression,digital synergy,and total life cycle management.Thus,it expands the application scenarios of ecological building materials in architectural design and helps the industry to develop sustainably.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation Youth Science Foundation Funding Project(51308231)
文摘Architectural skyline is an important part of urban landscape, also is the most direct expression of "first impression". However, with the development of the city, the shaping of the skyline that is contrary to the concept of aesthetics and the position of skyline in the urban form has been gradually ignored. Based on the interpretation of traditional architecture aesthetics theories, the paper introduced its rules as a guide into the development of city architectural skyline, analyzed and concluded the aesthetic characteristics of architectural skyline from the aspects of architectural form and naturalism. It provided theoretical guidance and method reference in the consideration of the creation and development on the city architectural skyline.
文摘The issues of analyzing the cultural differences in architecture, and the interaction between culture and space have gained importance in many respects both in practice and in education. ＂Culture＂ and conservation of the ＂cultural heritage＂ have a place in the conditions for the ＂architectural education＂ put forward by the UNESCO （The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization）/UIA （International Union of Architects） Council during the 2002 meeting in Berlin. For this purpose, cultural, social, urban, environmental and architectural values and issues of architectural heritage were defined as specific subjects that should be considered in the preparation of the curriculum to build up a sense of responsibility. From this point of view, this paper aims to propose an educational process for dealing with the sense of cultural heritage and its survival in the modern world, and shares the products of the work carried out at the Project 4 Studio at Faculty of Fine Arts, Department of Interior Architecture, Yeditepe University, as the studio training is the main component of architectural education. The main issue of the paper is to present some examples of the student projects and to consider the importance of design studio, which can gain knowledge about cultural and architectural heritage and develop students＇ skills to adopt and be respectful to traditional values.
文摘According to the language of post-modern architecture which Charles Jencks proposed in the 1980s,form has been very crucial for architectural language expression.However,many suggestions also imply that the material which is deployed for building is also significant in the linguistic expression of architecture.Based on this consideration,the material use of architecture will also contain semiotic implications,whether for architects or for social consensus.How the material talks and what it says are two questions that need to be clarified.To answer these two questions,some empirical works in architecture will be examined to reveal the messages which could be delivered in architectural materials.Before this,semiotic debates in architecture will be reviewed.Then,two empirical works,one in the West and one in the East,will be considered particularly for their material deployments on the surface(façade).Since the architectural surface is the most tangible part of architecture in terms of material use,the surfaces of both projects will be discussed in detail with their implications and the atmospheres which the materials formulated and created.This paper will conclude with a consideration of the possible implications from these projects and also the different expressions of material use,which will help us to rethink the expression of the material use of architectural surface.
文摘In the form of rapid development in China and the increasingly fierce international competition, the future of Chinese architecture and how Chinese architects should develop have always been the topic of active attention in the industry. With the rapid development of society, people's life rhythm is accelerating, which puts forward higher requirements for the aesthetics and functions of architecture. With the continuous updating of building materials and decoration materials, there are more and more aesthetic choices for architectural style and decoration. The appearance, history, technology, etc. of buildings are all manifestations of architectural culture. The design of buildings is influenced by geographical and environmental factors, and the architectural culture of buildings will also be reflected in buildings.
文摘As we all know, traditional architecture is a key link in the development of domestic construction engineering industry, and the profound traditional culture contained therein has certain characteristics of the times and art. Therefore, engineering construction units should improve the innovative application of traditional architectural elements in modern architectural engineering design, so as to improve the cultural heritage of architectural engineering. Then greatly promote the overall development and progress in the field of construction engineering.
文摘This paper is based on a scientific methodology developed by its author(1987)in his doctoral dissertation and later(2004)published in a book.According to this methodology,architecture is understood as a system consisting of four basic elements:Environment,Man,Boundaries and Perspectives.As a case study,this methodology was checked and confirmed(in the dissertation and in the cited book)on the example of an oriental-type town hall in Bosnia and Herzegovina,Serbia,Montenegro,Kosovo and Macedonia,and later in all published books,to date.In this paper,the author draws attention to the element of Perspective(in architecture)thus emphasizing its exceptional importance in understanding architecture as a whole.In doing so,this element cannot be separated from the other three elements(Environment,Man,Boundaries)since with them he builds architecture as a single whole.
文摘<i><span style="font-family:;" "="">Parkia biglobosa</span></i><span style="font-family:;" "=""> is a much-loved and over-exploited African savannah species for its socio-economic importance. Knowing and taking into account its architectural unit, which is the basis for diagnosing phenology, productivity and tree health, could provide a new perspective on its sustainable management. The aim of this study is to establish the architectural development in <i>Parkia biglobosa</i> by retrospective analysis. To achieve this objective, 390 individuals of all sizes ranging from seedlings to senescent trees were observed and analysed under various soil and climatic conditions in Côte d’Ivoire. The results showed that <i>Parkia biglobosa</i> is a light plant but shading tolerant. It is a mixed vegetative axis plant, the stem is orthotropic* in its proximal part and plagiotropic* (collapsing) in its distal part in young stage. The tree then transitions to an adult and old stage into a tree with a plagiotropic* axis in the proximal and distal parts, the trunk is built up by superimposing collapsed relay axes that gradually straighten, branching is sympodial*, growth is defined and sexuality is terminal and lateral. The ontogeny takes place in three phases: initiation of development and establishment of the crown (young), then flowering and establishment of the architectural unity (adult) and finally the death of secondary axes in the crown, duplication of the architecture by a series of partial and total reiterations (old). The level of organisation is 5: the phytomere, the module or growth unit, the axis, the architectural unit and the reiterated complex. Retrospective analysis of the modules showed that the dimensions of the growth units are indicators of morphological variation and species adaptation to a changing climate (<i>P</i> < 0.05). However, the equations generated by the morphological and habitat dimension linkage models are not significant (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> and <i>r</i> </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">< 0.7) to be used as a guide for field data collection. This study represents an initiation into the architectural study of this species and the information provided will serve as a basis for further research into the architecture in relation to the sustainable use of this species.</span>
文摘Architectural heritage comprises one o the most important elements of mountain settlements in Greece. It holds high cultural value, represents the tangible continuation of the past and forms the unique character and identity of each mountain region. Yet, controversy regarding funding for its preservation often arises. In this paper, we used two Contingent Valuation surveys to estimate the socia benefit deriving from protecting the traditiona architecture in the mountainous village of Sirako and through it, to examine perceptions and attitudes o local residents and visitors. Research findings revealed a strong social will in favor of the good's protection followed by high percentages of positive willingness to pay(WTP). However, WTP is significantly higher among residents. Cultura heritage value, of the good, appears to prevail, along with the environmental one. However, both residents and visitors pointed out that local heritage, if wellpreserved, will boost tourism development. Residents appeared to better recognize the true level o architectural decay, expressed higher apprehension for its protection and were willing to pay higher amount of money. Tourists, on the other side expressed high satisfaction for their visit, appreciated the beauty and serenity emerging from local built and natural environment and spent several days visiting the surrounding area. The longer they stayed and gotfamiliar with the village, the more willing they were to contribute to local heritage's protection. Percentages reflecting indifference for protecting architecture were extremely low. Yet, they were higher among tourists. Traditional architecture is considered as public good; an opinion resulting in an important percentage of visitors stating that national government should provide the necessary funding. In addition, the architecture appears to hold a high level of topicality. Those descending from Sirako or emotionally connected to it, of both social groups,turned out to be more concerned about the good and with a stronger sense of responsibility for it. Usevalue of the good holds high economic value, as well,while higher percentages of zero WTP appeared among non-users. Research findings revealed social attitudes and perceptions on what constitutes architectural heritage, in its cultural and economic frame. If taken under consideration, they may form useful drivers for local, heritage-based, sustainable development.
基金Sponsored by 2016 Liaoning Provincial Program for the 13~(th) Five-Year Plan for Education Science(JG16DB222)2017 Teaching Reform Program for University of Science and Technology Liaoning
文摘With the introduction of Opinions on Deepening the Reform in Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education in Colleges and Universities issued by the General Office of the State Council, establishing an advanced innovative and entrepreneurial education idea, persisting in cultivation-orientation and comprehensively improving personnel training quality have become an important development direction of higher education, and the innovation and entrepreneurship education reform has provided an impetus for the comprehensive reform in colleges and universities. In this context, how to combine the concept of innovation and entrepreneurship education with the traditional teaching system proves to be an important issue to be considered in the development of colleges and universities. The construction of three teaching platforms for innovation, practice and entrepreneurship enables the idea of innovation and entrepreneurship education to be incorporated into the teaching process of Chinese architectural history, thereby carrying out a systematic, comprehensive, far-reaching teaching system reform. The past several years have witnessed a good teaching effect in University of Science and Technology Liaoning due to the implementation of the teaching system reform. It is hoped that the teaching system reform carried out by University of Science and Technology Liaoning can provide a reference for the teaching of Chinese architectural history.
文摘Using the software of Ecotect, the simulation of lighting and thermal environment of a real architecture is presented to show the merits and shortcomings by using computer software for simulation of architectural physical environmental design and estimation. Issues on creating the digital model, parameter setting, process planning and realization are discussed.
文摘In the last years, architectural practice has been confronted with a paradigm shift towards the application of digital methods in design activities. In this regard, it is a pedagogic challenge to provide a suitable computational background for architectural students, to improve their ability to apply algorithmic-parametric logic, as well as fabrication and prototyping resources to design problem solving. This challenge is even stronger when considering less favored social and technological contexts, such as in Brazil, for example. In this scenario, this article presents and discusses the procedures and the results from a didactic experience carried out in a design computing-oriented discipline, inserted in the curriculum of a Brazilian architecture course. Hence, this paper shares some design computing teaching experiences and presents some results on computational methods and creative approaches, with a view to contribute to a better understanding about the relations between logical thinking, mathematics and architectural design processes.
文摘In the China merchants property 2013 green architectural design competition,feature of this awardwinning program is the design method based on the principles of passive priority and comprehensive utilization of full life cycle. The passive priority can be achieved by building form derived from the simulation and analysis of wind environment,improvement of the building envelope insulation and the dehumidification of fresh air,the use of solar energy. The full life cycle utilization can be accomplished by the combination of exhibition and residents' leisure activities, and the integration with local cultural tradition, thereby improving energy efficiency and the utilization of the building.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Fund(51508436)the Cultivation Fund of Xi’an University of Science and Technology(201341)
文摘Based on the rational classification and screening of the literature related to the transformation of urban villages in China,this paper studied the research framework of the architectural space field in the study of urban village transformation,and analyzed the research status of architectural spaces and users in the process of urban village transformation,proposed four research contents of urban village transformation,namely,promoting space rights for all types of people to live on an equal footing,paying attention to the renewal and rejuvenation of urban areas,attaching importance to the technical methods of space construction,and ensuring flexible and diverse space construction methods,and summed up the necessity of carrying out research on urban village transformation in the field of architectural space construction.
基金Funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2005037548).
文摘Based on site studies, historical literature investigation and academic communication, this work aims to dig out the cultural significance in architectural and religious aspects conveyed in cliff carvings in the Bashu region. After casting a glance at the origin and evolution of Bashu culture and religion mainly involving Daoism and Buddhism recorded in forms of cliff carvings, we concentrated on discovering the national, regional and folk architectural characters implicated in cliff carvings at different sites within the Bashu region. The cliff carvings in this region vividly depicted the evolution of the architectural culture hereof. The essence of their religious and architectural connotations can be good stuff to be input in today’s architectural design philosophy.
基金Sponsored by Social Science Planning Project of Fujian Province(FJ2016C080)Science and Technology Innovation Special Funded Project of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(CXZX2017606)
文摘Linpu Village of Fuzhou City was selected for research,colors of representative buildings there including ancient dwellings,ancestral halls,and temples were analyzed using field research,color atla comparison,data collection,and analysis and induction,in accordance with the Chinese Color System,the color composition of each type of building was summarized.Regional characteristics and causes of the architectural color of Linpu Village were further explored analyzing the geographical location,local customs and practices,and architectural functions of the village.Finally,according to the dual requirements of building beautiful villages and cultural heritage protection,suggestions for establishing color standards for buildings in traditional villages were put forward.
基金The Ministry of Education,Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia,No.TP 36008(451–02-68/2020/14/2000169).
文摘This research provides an exploration of a biomimetic approach in the process of designing a candelabra model using linear shaped leaves of a Bell flower.The design process described in this research contains two steps:biological and geometrical.In the first biological step,a proper model for the creation of an urban element was found from nature in a Bell flower(Campanula persicifolia L.).The upper leaves of the selected plant,which are small with a linear spear and sharpening at the top,were chosen for the modeling process.The second step included applying two geometrical methods,i.e.,Voronoi diagrams and Delaunay triangulation.A geometrical leaf form of the selected plant species and the modeling process were obtained using aparametric modeling software,Blender.Using different Blender plug-ins and modifiers,Delaunay triangulation and Voronoi diagram were implemented by marking the starting points on the leaf form in the image data source,adjusting the Delaunay triangulation parameters,and creating Voronoi diagrams in which the Voronoi points were located at the shortest distance from the edges of the Voronoi polygon.Consequently,a three dimensional model of a candelabra was developed through this study.
