The ultrasonic welding process for wires is being largely used on industry mainly on applications that involve the connectionbetween similar or different metals. The biggest benefit of this technology is the possibili...The ultrasonic welding process for wires is being largely used on industry mainly on applications that involve the connectionbetween similar or different metals. The biggest benefit of this technology is the possibility to perform the weld without additionmaterials, like terminals, metal rings or tapes. Manufacturing of wiring harnesses demands a significant amount of joining, such aswelding, crimping or soldering, to fulfill the desired layout of the harnesses and capacity requirements, but conventional connectionprocesses, face difficulties in joining multiple cross sections mainly due to the characteristics of the processes and equipment in use.Ultrasonic metal welding process overcomes these issues due to the solid-state characteristics inherent to the process itself that includethe excellent electrical properties of the joint. Several researches on ultrasonic metal welding are being done to define the fundamentalmechanisms behind this process and it is being seen that they are completely dependent on the cross section to be welded. With thisresearch we are trying to develop methods for process characterization and define acceptable quality parameters in this process. Themain topics addressed in this paper are the characterization the weld formation using copper-to-copper wires using optical microscopyand the analysis of insulation material when submitted to different thermal conditions.展开更多
Purpose–The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of driver demographic characteristics on the driving safety involving cell phone usages.Design/methodology/approach–A total of 1,432 crashes and 19,71...Purpose–The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of driver demographic characteristics on the driving safety involving cell phone usages.Design/methodology/approach–A total of 1,432 crashes and 19,714 baselines were collected for the Strategic Highway Research Program 2 naturalistic driving research.The authors used a case-control approach to estimate the prevalence and the population attributable risk percentage.The mixed logistic regression model is used to evaluate the correlation between different driver demographic characteristics(age,driving experience or their combination)and the crash risk regarding cell phone engagements,as well as the correlation among the likelihood of the cell phone engagement during the driving,multiple driver demographic characteristics(gender,age and driving experience)and environment conditions.Findings–Senior drivers face an extremely high crash risk when distracted by cell phone during driving,but they are not involved in crashes at a large scale.On the contrary,cell phone usages account for a far larger percentage of total crashes for young drivers.Similarly,experienced drivers and experienced-middle-aged drivers seem less likely to be impacted by the cell phone while driving,and cell phone engagements are attributed to a lower percentage of total crashes for them.Furthermore,experienced,senior or male drivers are less likely to engage in cell phone-related secondary tasks while driving.Originality/value–The results provide support to guide countermeasures and vehicle design.展开更多
文摘The ultrasonic welding process for wires is being largely used on industry mainly on applications that involve the connectionbetween similar or different metals. The biggest benefit of this technology is the possibility to perform the weld without additionmaterials, like terminals, metal rings or tapes. Manufacturing of wiring harnesses demands a significant amount of joining, such aswelding, crimping or soldering, to fulfill the desired layout of the harnesses and capacity requirements, but conventional connectionprocesses, face difficulties in joining multiple cross sections mainly due to the characteristics of the processes and equipment in use.Ultrasonic metal welding process overcomes these issues due to the solid-state characteristics inherent to the process itself that includethe excellent electrical properties of the joint. Several researches on ultrasonic metal welding are being done to define the fundamentalmechanisms behind this process and it is being seen that they are completely dependent on the cross section to be welded. With thisresearch we are trying to develop methods for process characterization and define acceptable quality parameters in this process. Themain topics addressed in this paper are the characterization the weld formation using copper-to-copper wires using optical microscopyand the analysis of insulation material when submitted to different thermal conditions.
基金supported in part by the Joint Laboratory for Internet of Vehicles,Ministry of Education-China Mobile Communications Corporation under Grant ICV-KF2018-01in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China underGrant 51975194 and 51905161.
文摘Purpose–The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of driver demographic characteristics on the driving safety involving cell phone usages.Design/methodology/approach–A total of 1,432 crashes and 19,714 baselines were collected for the Strategic Highway Research Program 2 naturalistic driving research.The authors used a case-control approach to estimate the prevalence and the population attributable risk percentage.The mixed logistic regression model is used to evaluate the correlation between different driver demographic characteristics(age,driving experience or their combination)and the crash risk regarding cell phone engagements,as well as the correlation among the likelihood of the cell phone engagement during the driving,multiple driver demographic characteristics(gender,age and driving experience)and environment conditions.Findings–Senior drivers face an extremely high crash risk when distracted by cell phone during driving,but they are not involved in crashes at a large scale.On the contrary,cell phone usages account for a far larger percentage of total crashes for young drivers.Similarly,experienced drivers and experienced-middle-aged drivers seem less likely to be impacted by the cell phone while driving,and cell phone engagements are attributed to a lower percentage of total crashes for them.Furthermore,experienced,senior or male drivers are less likely to engage in cell phone-related secondary tasks while driving.Originality/value–The results provide support to guide countermeasures and vehicle design.
