Dissolved organic matter(DOM)in surface waters can vary markedly in character depending on seasonal variations such as rainfall intensity,UV radiations and temperature.Changes in DOM as well as temperature and rainfal...Dissolved organic matter(DOM)in surface waters can vary markedly in character depending on seasonal variations such as rainfall intensity,UV radiations and temperature.Changes in DOM as well as temperature and rainfall intensity over the year can affect the biochemical processes occurring in bank filtration(BF).Identification and characterization of DOM in the surface water could help to optimize the water treatment and provide stable and safe drinking water.This study investigated year-long variations of DOM concentrations and compositions in a surface water of a circulated outdoor pond(research facility)connected to a BF passage.DOM was dominated by humic substances and a changing pattern of DOM in surface water was observed throughout the year.A significant increase of DOM(~38%)in surface water was noted in August compared to November.The fluorescent DOM showed that DOM in summer was enriched with the degradable fraction whilst non-degradable fraction was dominated in winter.A constant(1.7±0.1 mg/L)effluent DOM was recirculated in the system throughout the year.DOM removal through BF varied between 4%to 39%and was achieved within a few meters after infiltration and significantly correlated with influent DOM concentration(R^(2)=0.82,p<0.05).However,no significant(p>0.05)change in the removal of DOM was observed in two subsurface layers(upper and lower).This study highlights the presence of a constant non-degradable DOM in the bank filtrate,which was not affected by temperature,redox conditions and UV radiations.展开更多
A systematic analysis of the data on 14.5A GeV/c 28Si-nucleus collisions is carried out to investigate the behaviours of Renyi dimensions, Dq and Multifractal Spectral Function, f(αq). The Renyi dimensions, Dq are ob...A systematic analysis of the data on 14.5A GeV/c 28Si-nucleus collisions is carried out to investigate the behaviours of Renyi dimensions, Dq and Multifractal Spectral Function, f(αq). The Renyi dimensions, Dq are observed to decrease with increasing order of the moments, q. However, the Multifractal Spectra are concave downwards with their maxima occurring around αq =1.21±0.01. A continuous curve representing Multifractal Spectral Function, f(αq), characterizes manifestation of fluctuations in the rapidity space.展开更多
Calcium phosphates(CaP)represent an important class of osteoconductive and osteoinductive biomaterials.As proof-of-concept,we show how a multi-component CaP formulation(monetite,beta-tricalcium phosphate,and calcium p...Calcium phosphates(CaP)represent an important class of osteoconductive and osteoinductive biomaterials.As proof-of-concept,we show how a multi-component CaP formulation(monetite,beta-tricalcium phosphate,and calcium pyrophosphate)guides osteogenesis beyond the physiological envelope.In a sheep model,hollow dome-shaped constructs were placed directly over the occipital bone.At 12 months,large amounts of bone(~75%)occupy the hollow space with strong evidence of ongoing remodelling.Features of both compact bone(osteonal/osteon-like arrangements)and spongy bone(trabeculae separated by marrow cavities)reveal insights into function/need-driven microstructural adaptation.Pores within the CaP also contain both woven bone and vascularised lamellar bone.Osteoclasts actively contribute to CaP degradation/removal.Of the constituent phases,only calcium pyrophosphate persists within osseous(cutting cones)and non-osseous(macrophages)sites.From a translational perspective,this multi-component CaP opens up exciting new avenues for osteotomy-free and minimally-invasive repair of large bone defects and augmentation of the dental alveolar ridge.展开更多
基金supported by the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD)and Higher Education Commission (HEC),Pakistan。
文摘Dissolved organic matter(DOM)in surface waters can vary markedly in character depending on seasonal variations such as rainfall intensity,UV radiations and temperature.Changes in DOM as well as temperature and rainfall intensity over the year can affect the biochemical processes occurring in bank filtration(BF).Identification and characterization of DOM in the surface water could help to optimize the water treatment and provide stable and safe drinking water.This study investigated year-long variations of DOM concentrations and compositions in a surface water of a circulated outdoor pond(research facility)connected to a BF passage.DOM was dominated by humic substances and a changing pattern of DOM in surface water was observed throughout the year.A significant increase of DOM(~38%)in surface water was noted in August compared to November.The fluorescent DOM showed that DOM in summer was enriched with the degradable fraction whilst non-degradable fraction was dominated in winter.A constant(1.7±0.1 mg/L)effluent DOM was recirculated in the system throughout the year.DOM removal through BF varied between 4%to 39%and was achieved within a few meters after infiltration and significantly correlated with influent DOM concentration(R^(2)=0.82,p<0.05).However,no significant(p>0.05)change in the removal of DOM was observed in two subsurface layers(upper and lower).This study highlights the presence of a constant non-degradable DOM in the bank filtrate,which was not affected by temperature,redox conditions and UV radiations.
文摘A systematic analysis of the data on 14.5A GeV/c 28Si-nucleus collisions is carried out to investigate the behaviours of Renyi dimensions, Dq and Multifractal Spectral Function, f(αq). The Renyi dimensions, Dq are observed to decrease with increasing order of the moments, q. However, the Multifractal Spectra are concave downwards with their maxima occurring around αq =1.21±0.01. A continuous curve representing Multifractal Spectral Function, f(αq), characterizes manifestation of fluctuations in the rapidity space.
文摘Calcium phosphates(CaP)represent an important class of osteoconductive and osteoinductive biomaterials.As proof-of-concept,we show how a multi-component CaP formulation(monetite,beta-tricalcium phosphate,and calcium pyrophosphate)guides osteogenesis beyond the physiological envelope.In a sheep model,hollow dome-shaped constructs were placed directly over the occipital bone.At 12 months,large amounts of bone(~75%)occupy the hollow space with strong evidence of ongoing remodelling.Features of both compact bone(osteonal/osteon-like arrangements)and spongy bone(trabeculae separated by marrow cavities)reveal insights into function/need-driven microstructural adaptation.Pores within the CaP also contain both woven bone and vascularised lamellar bone.Osteoclasts actively contribute to CaP degradation/removal.Of the constituent phases,only calcium pyrophosphate persists within osseous(cutting cones)and non-osseous(macrophages)sites.From a translational perspective,this multi-component CaP opens up exciting new avenues for osteotomy-free and minimally-invasive repair of large bone defects and augmentation of the dental alveolar ridge.
