Fusarium head blight(FHB) or scab caused by Fusarium graminearum is a major threat to wheat production in China as well as in the world. To combat this disease, multiple efforts have been carried out internationally. ...Fusarium head blight(FHB) or scab caused by Fusarium graminearum is a major threat to wheat production in China as well as in the world. To combat this disease, multiple efforts have been carried out internationally. In this article, we review our long-time effort in identifying the resistance genes and dissecting the resistance mechanisms by both forward and reverse genetics approaches in the last two decades. We present recent progress in resistance QTL identification, candidate functional gene discovery, marker-assisted improvement of FHB resistant varieties, and findings in investigating association of signal molecules, such as Ca^(++),SA, JA, and ET, with FHB response, with the assistance from rapidly growing genomics platforms. The information will be helpful for designing novel and efficient approaches to curb FHB.展开更多
Vacuolar H^＋-translocating pyrophosphatase （V-PPase） is a key enzyme related to plant growth as well as abiotic stress tolerance. In this work, wheat V-PPase genes TaVP1, TaVP2 and TaVP3 were identified. TaVP1 and ...Vacuolar H^＋-translocating pyrophosphatase （V-PPase） is a key enzyme related to plant growth as well as abiotic stress tolerance. In this work, wheat V-PPase genes TaVP1, TaVP2 and TaVP3 were identified. TaVP1 and TaVP2 are more similar to each other than to TaVP3. Their deduced polypeptide sequences preserve the topological structure and essential residues of V-PPases. Phylogenetic studies suggested that monocot plants, at least monocot grasses, have three VP paralogs. TaVP3 transcripts were only detected in developing seeds, and no TaVP2 transcripts were found in germinating seeds. TaVP2 was mainly expressed in shoot tissues and down-regulated in leaves under dehydration. Its expression was up-regulated in roots under high salinity. TaVP1 was relatively more ubiquitously and evenly expressed than TaVP2. Its expression level in roots was highest among the tissues examined, and was inducible by salinity stress. These results indicated that the V-PPase gene paralogs in wheat are differentially regulated spatially and in response to dehydration and salinity stresses.展开更多
Powdery mildew, caused by the biotrophic fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici(Bgt), is a prevalent disease in common wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) and causes serious yield losses worldwide. We used a map-based approa...Powdery mildew, caused by the biotrophic fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici(Bgt), is a prevalent disease in common wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) and causes serious yield losses worldwide. We used a map-based approach to clone the major broad-spectrum powdery mildew resistance gene Pm CH1357 from wheat breeding line CH1357. Pm CH1357 was mapped to a 526 kb region containing only Traes CS5 D01 G044600. The Traes CS5 D01 G044600 sequence of the susceptibility allele in Taichung 29(TC29) was identical to that in Chinese Spring, whereas the sequence of the resistance allele in CH1357 was identical to Pm2a previously cloned from the germplasm Ulka/*8Cc. The susceptibility allele in TC29 contained a 7 bp deletion in exon 1, resulting in loss of 856 of the 1277 amino acids in the predicted nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat containing Pm2a protein.Pm CH1357/Pm2a sequence was also isolated from the Chinese wheat landraces and cultivars that were previously reported to possess the resistance gene Pm2b, Pm2c,PmLX66, or PmND399. The Pm CH1357/Pm2a resistance allele was present in 10 of 495 accessions in core germplasm and contemporary cultivars from China and the USA. A newly developed diagnostic marker for the 7 bp In Del in the resistance gene can be used to eliminate the susceptibility allele in wheat breeding programs.展开更多
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to study the DNA polymorphism in Indian mungbean cultivars. A total of 60 random primers were used in the study and 33 of them generated reproducible RAPD patt...Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to study the DNA polymorphism in Indian mungbean cultivars. A total of 60 random primers were used in the study and 33 of them generated reproducible RAPD patterns. Amplification of genomic DNA of most popular 24 Indian mungbean cultivars with these RAPD primers yielded 249 fragments that could be scored, of which 224 were polymorphic, with an average of 7.0 polymorphic fragments per primer. Number of amplified fragments with random primers ranged from 2 (OPI 9) to 17 (OPD 7). Percentage polymorphism ranged from 33% (OPX 5) to a maximum of 100% (OPX 4, OPX 6, OPX 13, OPX 15, OPX 19, OPD 5, OPD 7, OPD 20, OPI 4, OPI 6, OPI 13, OPI 14, OPI 18 and OPF 1), with an average of 90%. The Jaccard’s similarity indices based on RAPD profiles were subjected to UPGMA cluster analysis. And genotypes grouped in two major groups. Sixteen out of 24 released cultivars grouped to cluster I. This indicated the narrow genetic base in the Indian mungbean cultivars used in the study. The details of diversity analysis and possible reasons for narrow genetic base in mungbean cultivars are discussed in the present study.展开更多
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program (2016YFD0101802, 2016YFD0101004)National Basic Research Program of China (2004CB117205, 2012CB125902)+5 种基金National Key Technology R&D Program of China (2002AA224161)National Science and Technology Major Project (2009ZX08009-049B, 2012ZX08009003)Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Initiative for Modern Crop Production,'111' project B08025Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20131316)Innovation Team Program for Jiangsu Universities (2014)the long-term funding from the National Science Foundation of China (30025030,30430440,30721140555,31030054,30671295)
文摘Fusarium head blight(FHB) or scab caused by Fusarium graminearum is a major threat to wheat production in China as well as in the world. To combat this disease, multiple efforts have been carried out internationally. In this article, we review our long-time effort in identifying the resistance genes and dissecting the resistance mechanisms by both forward and reverse genetics approaches in the last two decades. We present recent progress in resistance QTL identification, candidate functional gene discovery, marker-assisted improvement of FHB resistant varieties, and findings in investigating association of signal molecules, such as Ca^(++),SA, JA, and ET, with FHB response, with the assistance from rapidly growing genomics platforms. The information will be helpful for designing novel and efficient approaches to curb FHB.
基金supported by Outstanding Youth Fund of NNSFC (30025030)2000's Trans-Century Talent Development Program of Ministry of Education, China+2 种基金GCP Project SP2-1Transgenic program 2008ZX08009-002‘111’ Project B08025
文摘Vacuolar H^＋-translocating pyrophosphatase （V-PPase） is a key enzyme related to plant growth as well as abiotic stress tolerance. In this work, wheat V-PPase genes TaVP1, TaVP2 and TaVP3 were identified. TaVP1 and TaVP2 are more similar to each other than to TaVP3. Their deduced polypeptide sequences preserve the topological structure and essential residues of V-PPases. Phylogenetic studies suggested that monocot plants, at least monocot grasses, have three VP paralogs. TaVP3 transcripts were only detected in developing seeds, and no TaVP2 transcripts were found in germinating seeds. TaVP2 was mainly expressed in shoot tissues and down-regulated in leaves under dehydration. Its expression was up-regulated in roots under high salinity. TaVP1 was relatively more ubiquitously and evenly expressed than TaVP2. Its expression level in roots was highest among the tissues examined, and was inducible by salinity stress. These results indicated that the V-PPase gene paralogs in wheat are differentially regulated spatially and in response to dehydration and salinity stresses.
基金supported by funding from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0102000)Shanxi Provincial Key Platform for Science and Technology Innovation Program (201605D151002)+2 种基金Shanxi Provincial International Cooperation in Science and Technology Program (201803D221018-5)Shanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Project (201803D421020 and 201703D211007)Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Project YGG17123)
文摘Powdery mildew, caused by the biotrophic fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici(Bgt), is a prevalent disease in common wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) and causes serious yield losses worldwide. We used a map-based approach to clone the major broad-spectrum powdery mildew resistance gene Pm CH1357 from wheat breeding line CH1357. Pm CH1357 was mapped to a 526 kb region containing only Traes CS5 D01 G044600. The Traes CS5 D01 G044600 sequence of the susceptibility allele in Taichung 29(TC29) was identical to that in Chinese Spring, whereas the sequence of the resistance allele in CH1357 was identical to Pm2a previously cloned from the germplasm Ulka/*8Cc. The susceptibility allele in TC29 contained a 7 bp deletion in exon 1, resulting in loss of 856 of the 1277 amino acids in the predicted nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat containing Pm2a protein.Pm CH1357/Pm2a sequence was also isolated from the Chinese wheat landraces and cultivars that were previously reported to possess the resistance gene Pm2b, Pm2c,PmLX66, or PmND399. The Pm CH1357/Pm2a resistance allele was present in 10 of 495 accessions in core germplasm and contemporary cultivars from China and the USA. A newly developed diagnostic marker for the 7 bp In Del in the resistance gene can be used to eliminate the susceptibility allele in wheat breeding programs.
文摘Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to study the DNA polymorphism in Indian mungbean cultivars. A total of 60 random primers were used in the study and 33 of them generated reproducible RAPD patterns. Amplification of genomic DNA of most popular 24 Indian mungbean cultivars with these RAPD primers yielded 249 fragments that could be scored, of which 224 were polymorphic, with an average of 7.0 polymorphic fragments per primer. Number of amplified fragments with random primers ranged from 2 (OPI 9) to 17 (OPD 7). Percentage polymorphism ranged from 33% (OPX 5) to a maximum of 100% (OPX 4, OPX 6, OPX 13, OPX 15, OPX 19, OPD 5, OPD 7, OPD 20, OPI 4, OPI 6, OPI 13, OPI 14, OPI 18 and OPF 1), with an average of 90%. The Jaccard’s similarity indices based on RAPD profiles were subjected to UPGMA cluster analysis. And genotypes grouped in two major groups. Sixteen out of 24 released cultivars grouped to cluster I. This indicated the narrow genetic base in the Indian mungbean cultivars used in the study. The details of diversity analysis and possible reasons for narrow genetic base in mungbean cultivars are discussed in the present study.
