Enamel demineralization often occurs in the early stage of dental caries.Studying the microscopic mechanism of enamel demineralization is essential to prevent and treat dental caries.Terahertz(THz)technolo⁃gy,especial...Enamel demineralization often occurs in the early stage of dental caries.Studying the microscopic mechanism of enamel demineralization is essential to prevent and treat dental caries.Terahertz(THz)technolo⁃gy,especially continuous wave(CW)THz near-field scanning microscopy(THz-SNOM)with its nanoscale reso⁃lution,can be promising in biomedical imaging.In addition,compared with traditional THz time-domain spec⁃troscopy(TDS),portable solid-state source as the emission has higher power and SNR,lower cost,and can ob⁃tain more precise imaging.In this study,we employ CW THz-SNOM to further break the resolution limitations of conventional THz imaging techniques and successfully achieve the near-field imaging of demineralized enamel at the nanoscale.We keenly observe that the near-field signal of the enamel significantly lowers as demineralization deepens,mainly due to the decrease in permittivity.This new approach offers valuable insights into the micro⁃scopic processes of enamel demineralization,laying the foundation for further research and treatment.展开更多
The intensification of extreme precipitation(EP)under global warming presents a substantial risk to human safety and societal progress.Studying the specific impacts of global warming on rare EP events in China not onl...The intensification of extreme precipitation(EP)under global warming presents a substantial risk to human safety and societal progress.Studying the specific impacts of global warming on rare EP events in China not only enhances the comprehension of these shifts,but also paves the way for the development of proactive strategies to alleviate associated damages.Results from large-ensemble simulation data demonstrate that global warming has led to an enhancement in once-in-a-decade EP events in parts of western and central China over the past few decades,with the strengthening of the South Asia high(SAH)caused by global warming playing a dominant role.The strengthening of the SAH corresponds to an intensification and westward extension of the western Pacific subtropical high in the lower troposphere.The region between these two systems experiences enhanced upward motion and increased southwesterly water vapor transport,leading to a rise in climatological precipitation in western and central China,thereby raising the threshold for once-in-a-decade EP events.展开更多
EC-Earth3P-HR reproduces well the observed Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation(BSISO)and its impacts on tropical cyclone genesis(TCG)in the western North Pacific(WNP).Hence,the historical simulation(1950-1979)and ...EC-Earth3P-HR reproduces well the observed Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation(BSISO)and its impacts on tropical cyclone genesis(TCG)in the western North Pacific(WNP).Hence,the historical simulation(1950-1979)and future projection under the SSP5-8.5 scenario(2020-2049)in EC-Earth3P-HR are adopted to explore possible changes in the BSISO’s modification of WNP TCG under global warming to enhance the understanding of TC activities in the WNP.Results show that the BSISO circulation in the WNP shifts northeastward under global warming.This leads to enhanced convection in a northwest-southeast-oriented band crossing the WNP.Along the band,the BSISO-related TCG anomalies are enhanced.Analyses of genesis potential index show that changes in the BSISO-related mid-tropospheric relative humidity play the dominant role in modifying the BSISO’s impacts on WNP TCG under global warming.The enhanced BSISO convection in the band moistens the middle troposphere,which helps reduce the entrainment of generally dry mid-tropospheric air in the updrafts and the modification of the boundary layer by the downdraft of generally dry mid-tropospheric air,leading to enhanced TCG.展开更多
BACKGROUND The risk factors and prediction models for diabetic foot(DF)remain incompletely understood,with several potential factors still requiring in-depth investigations.AIM To identify risk factors for new-onset D...BACKGROUND The risk factors and prediction models for diabetic foot(DF)remain incompletely understood,with several potential factors still requiring in-depth investigations.AIM To identify risk factors for new-onset DF and develop a robust prediction model for hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes.METHODS We included 6301 hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes from January 2016 to December 2021.A univariate Cox model and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analyses were applied to select the appropriate predictors.Nonlinear associations between continuous variables and the risk of DF were explored using restricted cubic spline functions.The Cox model was further employed to evaluate the impact of risk factors on DF.The area under the curve(AUC)was measured to evaluate the accuracy of the prediction model.RESULTS Seventy-five diabetic inpatients experienced DF.The incidence density of DF was 4.5/1000 person-years.A long duration of diabetes,lower extremity arterial disease,lower serum albumin,fasting plasma glucose(FPG),and diabetic nephropathy were independently associated with DF.Among these risk factors,the serum albumin concentration was inversely associated with DF,with a hazard ratio(HR)and 95%confidence interval(CI)of 0.91(0.88-0.95)(P<0.001).Additionally,a U-shaped nonlinear relationship was observed between the FPG level and DF.After adjusting for other variables,the HRs and 95%CI for FPG<4.4 mmol/L and≥7.0 mmol/L were 3.99(1.55-10.25)(P=0.004)and 3.12(1.66-5.87)(P<0.001),respectively,which was greater than the mid-range level(4.4-6.9 mmol/L).The AUC for predicting DF over 3 years was 0.797.CONCLUSION FPG demonstrated a U-shaped relationship with DF.Serum albumin levels were negatively associated with DF.The prediction nomogram model of DF showed good discrimination ability using diabetes duration,lower extremity arterial disease,serum albumin,FPG,and diabetic nephropathy(Clinicaltrial.gov NCT05519163).展开更多
This study advances the DRASTIC groundwater vulnerability assessment framework by integrating a multi-hazard groundwater index(MHGI)to account for the dynamic impacts of diverse anthropogenic activities and natural fa...This study advances the DRASTIC groundwater vulnerability assessment framework by integrating a multi-hazard groundwater index(MHGI)to account for the dynamic impacts of diverse anthropogenic activities and natural factors on both groundwater quality and quantity.Incorporating factors such as population growth,agricultural practices,and groundwater extraction enhances the framework’s ability to capture multi-dimensional,spatiotemporal changes in groundwater vulnerability.Additional improvements include refined weighting and rating scales for thematic layers based on available observational data,and the inclusion of distributed recharge.We demonstrate the practical utility of this dynamic DRASTIC-based framework through its application to the agro-urban regions of the Irrigated Indus Basin,a major groundwater-dependent agricultural area in South Asia.Results indicate that between 2005 and 2020,54%of the study area became highly vulnerable to pollution.The MHGI revealed a 13%decline in potential groundwater storage and a 25%increase in groundwater-stressed zones,driven primarily by population growth and intensive agriculture.Groundwater vulnerability based on both groundwater quality and quantity dimensions showed a 19%decline in areas of low to very low vulnerability and a 6%reduction in medium vulnerability zones by 2020.Sensitivity analyses indicated that groundwater vulnerability in the region is most influenced by groundwater recharge(42%)and renewable groundwater stress(38%).Validation with in-situ data yielded area under the curve values of 0.71 for groundwater quality vulnerability and 0.63 for MHGI.The framework provides valuable insights to guide sustainable groundwater management,safeguarding both environmental integrity and human well-being.展开更多
In September 2020,a pioneering observational network of three X-band phased-array radars(XPARs)was established in Xiamen,a subtropical coastal and densely populated city in southeastern China.Statistically,this study ...In September 2020,a pioneering observational network of three X-band phased-array radars(XPARs)was established in Xiamen,a subtropical coastal and densely populated city in southeastern China.Statistically,this study demonstrated that the XPAR network outperforms single S-band radar in revealing the warm-season convective storms in Xiamen in a fine-scale manner.The findings revealed that convective activity in Xiamen is most frequent in the central and northern mountainous regions,with lower frequency observed in the southern coastal areas.The diurnal pattern of convection occurrence exhibited a unimodal distribution,with a peak in the afternoon.The frequent occurrence of convective storms correlates well in both time and space with the active terrain uplift that occurs when the prevailing winds encounter mountainous areas.Notably,September stands apart with a bimodal diurnal pattern,featuring a prominent afternoon peak and a significant secondary peak before midnight.Further examination of dense rain gauge data in Xiamen indicates that high-frequency areas of short-duration heavy rainfall largely coincide with regions of active convective storms,except for a unique rainfall hotspot in southern Xiamen,where moderate convection frequency is accompanied by substantial rainfall.This anomalous rainfall,predominantly nocturnal,appears less influenced by terrain uplift and exhibits higher precipitation efficiency than daytime rainfall.These preliminary findings offer insights into the characteristics of convection occurrence in Xiamen's subtropical coastal environment and hold promise for enhancing the accuracy of convection and precipitation forecasts in similar environments.展开更多
With the unceasing appearance and widespread application of new surveying technology,the present age mining survey has meet huge change.However,lots of prob- lems occurred while using the new techniques since the numb...With the unceasing appearance and widespread application of new surveying technology,the present age mining survey has meet huge change.However,lots of prob- lems occurred while using the new techniques since the number of mine is large in China and condition of the mine district is complex,it in some sense influenced the mine exploi- tation and management of China.Summarized the present situation of new technical ap- plication in mining survey,including the advanced instrumentation equipment,the '3S' technology,the information and the network technology and the information fusion tech- nology and so on,and analyzed the problems which exists in the current mining survey,it also provided new ways to present age mining survey from the sustainable development angle.展开更多
In order to improve the degradation activity of organophosphorus degradation bacterial strains, uniform design and support vector regression(SVR) are used to optimize the formula of mineral salt medium for the strains...In order to improve the degradation activity of organophosphorus degradation bacterial strains, uniform design and support vector regression(SVR) are used to optimize the formula of mineral salt medium for the strains based on single factor experiment. The formula being used after SVR optimization is glucose 1.24 g/L,NH4 NO3 0.73 g, KH2 PO4 0.96 g, KCl 0.50 g, MgSO4·7 H2 O 0.50 g, MnSO4 0.02 g, CaCl2 0.04 g, distilled water 1 000 mL;the highest degradation rate is obtained at pH7.0(SVR, 76.68%), superior to that of the QSAR model(74.67%). The formula optimization method based on uniform design and SVR is very promising to apply in various multiple-factor and multiple-level formula optimization experiments.展开更多
When an aircraft passes through a rainy area at high speed,the coating on the front edge of the fuselage will be continuously eroded by raindrops,causing the coating to wear,crack or even peel off.This paper uses carb...When an aircraft passes through a rainy area at high speed,the coating on the front edge of the fuselage will be continuously eroded by raindrops,causing the coating to wear,crack or even peel off.This paper uses carbon fiber T300 material as the base material,and at the different impact speeds and impact numbers,water cutting equipment was used to simulate the erosion of the coating caused by the continuous impact of water droplets.The damage morphology of samples at different damage stages was observed by digital microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM),and the damage evolution curve was established to analyze and reveal the damage behavior and damage mechanism of rain erosion.The results show that the degree of damage experienced an increasing trend with the increase of impact numbers and speed,until circular peel damage was formed;no damage occurred during the incubation period,and the curvature of the damage evolution curve increased significantly after the expansion period and eventually showed a stable expansion trend.The mechanical properties of the coating material were the main influencing factors of its rain corrosion resistance.Moreover,the axially symmetric unsteady contact problem of droplets impacting the surface of a solid deformable body was studied.And the contact area was determined based on the iterative algorithm boundary positioning method.A mathematical model and closed mathematical formula describing the unsteady interaction between a droplet and a solid deformable obstacle were proposed.展开更多
As a new type of green solvents,deep eutectic solvents(DESs)have the advantages of strong extraction ability,designability,simple preparation,low price,recoverability and biodegradation,and show great application pote...As a new type of green solvents,deep eutectic solvents(DESs)have the advantages of strong extraction ability,designability,simple preparation,low price,recoverability and biodegradation,and show great application potential in the field of plant flavonoid extraction.In this paper,the definition,classification and preparation methods of DESs were introduced.The effects of DES composition,molar ratio of DES components,water content of DES systems,liquid-material ratio,extraction temperature,extraction time and extraction auxiliary techniques on the extraction yield of plant flavonoids were expounded.The recycling methods of DESs were summarized.Existing problems of DESs in the field of plant flavonoids extraction were pointed out,and further research direction and trend were analyzed and prospected.展开更多
Due to hardware limitations,existing hyperspectral(HS)camera often suffer from low spatial/temporal resolution.Recently,it has been prevalent to super-resolve a low reso-lution(LR)HS image into a high resolution(HR)HS...Due to hardware limitations,existing hyperspectral(HS)camera often suffer from low spatial/temporal resolution.Recently,it has been prevalent to super-resolve a low reso-lution(LR)HS image into a high resolution(HR)HS image with a HR RGB(or mul-tispectral)image guidance.Previous approaches for this guided super-resolution task often model the intrinsic characteristic of the desired HR HS image using hand-crafted priors.Recently,researchers pay more attention to deep learning methods with direct supervised or unsupervised learning,which exploit deep prior only from training dataset or testing data.In this article,an efficient convolutional neural network-based method is presented to progressively super-resolve HS image with RGB image guidance.Specif-ically,a progressive HS image super-resolution network is proposed,which progressively super-resolve the LR HS image with pixel shuffled HR RGB image guidance.Then,the super-resolution network is progressively trained with supervised pre-training and un-supervised adaption,where supervised pre-training learns the general prior on training data and unsupervised adaptation generalises the general prior to specific prior for variant testing scenes.The proposed method can effectively exploit prior from training dataset and testing HS and RGB images with spectral-spatial constraint.It has a good general-isation capability,especially for blind HS image super-resolution.Comprehensive experimental results show that the proposed deep progressive learning method out-performs the existing state-of-the-art methods for HS image super-resolution in non-blind and blind cases.展开更多
Changes in the activities of the Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation(BSISO)at the end of 21st century under the SSP5-8.5 scenario are assessed by adopting 17 CMIP6 models and the weak-temperature-gradient assumpti...Changes in the activities of the Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation(BSISO)at the end of 21st century under the SSP5-8.5 scenario are assessed by adopting 17 CMIP6 models and the weak-temperature-gradient assumption.Results show that the intraseasonal variations become more structured.The BSISO-related precipitation anomaly shows a larger zonal scale and propagates further northward.However,there is no broad agreement among models on the changes in the eastward and northward propagation speeds and the frequency of individual phases.In the western North Pacific(WNP),the BSISO precipitation variance is significantly increased,at 4.62%K^(−1),due to the significantly increased efficiency of vertical moisture transport per unit of BSISO apparent heating.The vertical velocity variance is significantly decreased,at−3.51%K^(−1),in the middle troposphere,due to the significantly increased mean-state static stability.Changes in the lower-level zonal wind variance are relatively complex,with a significant increase stretching from the northwestern to southeastern WNP,but the opposite in other regions.This is probably due to the combined impacts of the northeastward shift of the BSISO signals and the reduced BSISO vertical velocity variance under global warming.Changes in strong and normal BSISO events in the WNP are also compared.They show same-signed changes in precipitation and large-scale circulation anomalies but opposite changes in the vertical velocity anomalies.This is probably because the precipitation anomaly of strong(normal)events changes at a rate much larger(smaller)than that of the meanstate static stability,causing enhanced(reduced)vertical motion.展开更多
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are an atmospheric pollutant with a boiling point of 50˚C - 260˚C at room temperature and pressure. They are precursors of sulfur dioxide and ozone, which can seriously pollute the at...Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are an atmospheric pollutant with a boiling point of 50˚C - 260˚C at room temperature and pressure. They are precursors of sulfur dioxide and ozone, which can seriously pollute the atmosphere and endanger human health. After the “14th Five-Year Plan”, VOCs, instead of SO2, became one of the five indicators of China’s atmospheric governance. As a result, the government’s efforts to control VOCs have increased significantly. VOCs governance mustn’t be delayed. This paper provides a comprehensive summary and analysis of VOCs governance, covering the classification of VOCs, analysis of VOC governance technology (with a focus on end-of-pipe governance technology), national policy regulations, current governance shortcomings, and a forward-looking perspective on the future direction of VOCs governance, emphasizing healthy and sustainable development.展开更多
Butyric acid is a volatile saturated monocarboxylic acid,which is widely used in the chemical,food,pharmaceutical,energy,and animal feed industries.This study focuses on producing butyric acid from pre-treated rape st...Butyric acid is a volatile saturated monocarboxylic acid,which is widely used in the chemical,food,pharmaceutical,energy,and animal feed industries.This study focuses on producing butyric acid from pre-treated rape straw using simultaneous enzymatic hydrolysis semi-solid fermentation(SEHSF).Clostridium beijerinckii BRM001 screened from pit mud of Chinese nongxiangxing baijiu was used.The genome of C.beijerinckii BRM001 was sequenced and annotated.Using rape straw as the sole carbon source,fermentation optimization was carried out based on the genomic analysis of BRM001.The optimized butyric acid yield was as high as 13.86±0.77 g/L,which was 2.1 times higher than that of the initial screening.Furthermore,under optimal conditions,non-sterile SEHSF was carried out,and the yield of butyric acid was 13.42±0.83 g/L in a 2.5-L fermentor.This study provides a new approach for butyric acid production which eliminates the need for detoxification of straw hydrolysate and makes full use of the value of fermentation waste residue without secondary pollution,making the whole process greener and more economical,which has a certain industrial potential.展开更多
Carbonate-electrolyte-based lithium–sulfur(Li–S)batteries with solid-phase conversion offer promising safety and scalability,but their reversible capacities are limited.In addition,large-format pouch cells are pavin...Carbonate-electrolyte-based lithium–sulfur(Li–S)batteries with solid-phase conversion offer promising safety and scalability,but their reversible capacities are limited.In addition,large-format pouch cells are paving the way for large-scale production.This study demonstrates the in situ formation of a solid-electrolyte interphase(SEI)as a protective layer using vinylene carbonate(VC),highlighting its industrial adaptability.A high reversible capacity is achieved by the lithiated poly-VC SEI formed inside the cathode particles as a nanoscale ionic conduction path,along with the traditional surface protective layer.Furthermore,the severe dissolution of poly-VC is mitigated by LiF derived from fluorine ethylene carbonate as a co-solvent,enabling high rate performance and a long cycle life.A large 8 Ah pouch cell is successfully developed,which shows a high energy density of 400 Wh kg^(−1) based on the cell weight.This work demonstrates the high performance of large-scale Li–S batteries with the in situ formation of a protective layer as a scalable technique for future applications.展开更多
Urban air pollution is a major challenge facing rapidly growing cities in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, with vehicle emissions being a significant contributor. This study aims to analyze the spatial ...Urban air pollution is a major challenge facing rapidly growing cities in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, with vehicle emissions being a significant contributor. This study aims to analyze the spatial and temporal patterns of air pollutants, particularly nitrogen dioxide (NO2), in Casablanca, Morocco, and investigate the relationship with urban development and transportation characteristics. By integrating satellite remote sensing data and Google Earth Engine (GEE) techniques, we provide a comprehensive assessment of air quality in Casablanca and demonstrate the value of using geospatial approaches for informing policymakers and urban planners. The results highlight seasonal variations in NO2 levels, the identification of pollution hotspots, and the quantification of the influence of urban features and traffic on air quality. We discuss the implications of these findings for targeted interventions to improve air quality and the potential for expanding the methodology to other pollutants and cities in the region.展开更多
Côte d’Ivoire is currently experiencing strong growth in the mining sector. Identifying the formations present in our subsoil is therefore essential for mining recovery. It is in this context that we conducted s...Côte d’Ivoire is currently experiencing strong growth in the mining sector. Identifying the formations present in our subsoil is therefore essential for mining recovery. It is in this context that we conducted studies on the formations present in the locality of Guintéguéla. It is located in the northwest of Côte d’Ivoire in the bafing region. The aim of this work was to determine the petrographic and structural characteristics of the formations of the area. The methodology began with documentation and then followed petrography and structural analysis work on the macroscopic and microscopic levels. We observed six groups of rocks: granitoids, amphibolites, orthogneiss, quartzites (poor and rich in magnetites), volcano-sediments and filonian rocks. Metamorphism is of amphibolite to granulite facies. However, volcano-sediments must be associated with the green schist facies. With regard to the structural, structures and microstructures such as foliation;fractures;sigmoidal figures reveal that the studied area was affected by ductile and also brittle tectonics whose main directions are oriented along the shear corridor, so N-S to NNW-SSE.展开更多
Few studies have been carried out to date on the influence of bacteria on variations in the abiotic properties of water. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the influence of Escherichia coli and Aeromonas hydr...Few studies have been carried out to date on the influence of bacteria on variations in the abiotic properties of water. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the influence of Escherichia coli and Aeromonas hydrophila on some abiotic properties of groundwater stored under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. Experiments were performed in the presence of monospecific cells and bispecific cells. The incubation temperatures were 4˚C and 23˚C. The incubation (storage) times were 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. Bacteriological analyses were carried out using culture and physicochemical analyses using appropriate techniques. The results show that in the presence of monospecific cells and under aerobic conditions, E. coli abundances were relatively lower than under anaerobic conditions. The opposite was observed in the presence of bispecific cells. In most cases, minimum cell abundances were observed after 6 hours of storage. The same was true for A. hydrophila cells. The values of pH, electrical conductivity and ammonium ions in the water on the day of sampling varied over time. The pH values were relatively higher at 4˚C in the presence of E. coli cells alone, and at 23˚C in the presence of A. hydrophila cells. Ammonium ion levels were relatively higher at 4˚C under anaerobic conditions for both bacterial species. The highest electrical conductivity value was observed at 23˚C in the presence of E. coli cells, and at 4˚C in the presence of A. hydrophila cells, under anaerobic conditions. Electrical conductivity is higher in the presence of A. hydrophila with fluctuations from 169 to 285 µS/cm after 24 h incubation and 259 µS/cm after 6 hours incubation at 4˚C and 23˚C respectively. Under anaerobic conditions and in the presence of E. coli, the conductivity varied from 169 µS/cm at sampling to 274 µS/cm after 72 hours of incubation at 4˚C and from 169 to 289 after 24 hours. Under the same experimental conditions and in the presence of A. hydrophila, the electrical conductivity is higher at 4˚C with a value of 299 µS/cm after 24 hours. In the monospecific condition and under aerobic and anaerobic conditions and at an incubation temperature of 4˚C, the increase in the abundance of E. coli cells is significantly and positively correlated with the increase in pH values. In the mixed condition, pH is very significantly and positively correlated with the abundance of commensal Escherichia coli in anaerobic conditions (P NH4+) is significantly and negatively correlated with cellular concentrations of A. hydrophila in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61988102,62401113,92463308)。
文摘Enamel demineralization often occurs in the early stage of dental caries.Studying the microscopic mechanism of enamel demineralization is essential to prevent and treat dental caries.Terahertz(THz)technolo⁃gy,especially continuous wave(CW)THz near-field scanning microscopy(THz-SNOM)with its nanoscale reso⁃lution,can be promising in biomedical imaging.In addition,compared with traditional THz time-domain spec⁃troscopy(TDS),portable solid-state source as the emission has higher power and SNR,lower cost,and can ob⁃tain more precise imaging.In this study,we employ CW THz-SNOM to further break the resolution limitations of conventional THz imaging techniques and successfully achieve the near-field imaging of demineralized enamel at the nanoscale.We keenly observe that the near-field signal of the enamel significantly lowers as demineralization deepens,mainly due to the decrease in permittivity.This new approach offers valuable insights into the micro⁃scopic processes of enamel demineralization,laying the foundation for further research and treatment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 42088101]the National Key Research and Development Program of China[grant number 2022YFF0801702]。
文摘The intensification of extreme precipitation(EP)under global warming presents a substantial risk to human safety and societal progress.Studying the specific impacts of global warming on rare EP events in China not only enhances the comprehension of these shifts,but also paves the way for the development of proactive strategies to alleviate associated damages.Results from large-ensemble simulation data demonstrate that global warming has led to an enhancement in once-in-a-decade EP events in parts of western and central China over the past few decades,with the strengthening of the South Asia high(SAH)caused by global warming playing a dominant role.The strengthening of the SAH corresponds to an intensification and westward extension of the western Pacific subtropical high in the lower troposphere.The region between these two systems experiences enhanced upward motion and increased southwesterly water vapor transport,leading to a rise in climatological precipitation in western and central China,thereby raising the threshold for once-in-a-decade EP events.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 42088101]。
文摘EC-Earth3P-HR reproduces well the observed Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation(BSISO)and its impacts on tropical cyclone genesis(TCG)in the western North Pacific(WNP).Hence,the historical simulation(1950-1979)and future projection under the SSP5-8.5 scenario(2020-2049)in EC-Earth3P-HR are adopted to explore possible changes in the BSISO’s modification of WNP TCG under global warming to enhance the understanding of TC activities in the WNP.Results show that the BSISO circulation in the WNP shifts northeastward under global warming.This leads to enhanced convection in a northwest-southeast-oriented band crossing the WNP.Along the band,the BSISO-related TCG anomalies are enhanced.Analyses of genesis potential index show that changes in the BSISO-related mid-tropospheric relative humidity play the dominant role in modifying the BSISO’s impacts on WNP TCG under global warming.The enhanced BSISO convection in the band moistens the middle troposphere,which helps reduce the entrainment of generally dry mid-tropospheric air in the updrafts and the modification of the boundary layer by the downdraft of generally dry mid-tropospheric air,leading to enhanced TCG.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81972947Academic Promotion Programme of Shandong First Medical University,No.2019LJ005.
文摘BACKGROUND The risk factors and prediction models for diabetic foot(DF)remain incompletely understood,with several potential factors still requiring in-depth investigations.AIM To identify risk factors for new-onset DF and develop a robust prediction model for hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes.METHODS We included 6301 hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes from January 2016 to December 2021.A univariate Cox model and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analyses were applied to select the appropriate predictors.Nonlinear associations between continuous variables and the risk of DF were explored using restricted cubic spline functions.The Cox model was further employed to evaluate the impact of risk factors on DF.The area under the curve(AUC)was measured to evaluate the accuracy of the prediction model.RESULTS Seventy-five diabetic inpatients experienced DF.The incidence density of DF was 4.5/1000 person-years.A long duration of diabetes,lower extremity arterial disease,lower serum albumin,fasting plasma glucose(FPG),and diabetic nephropathy were independently associated with DF.Among these risk factors,the serum albumin concentration was inversely associated with DF,with a hazard ratio(HR)and 95%confidence interval(CI)of 0.91(0.88-0.95)(P<0.001).Additionally,a U-shaped nonlinear relationship was observed between the FPG level and DF.After adjusting for other variables,the HRs and 95%CI for FPG<4.4 mmol/L and≥7.0 mmol/L were 3.99(1.55-10.25)(P=0.004)and 3.12(1.66-5.87)(P<0.001),respectively,which was greater than the mid-range level(4.4-6.9 mmol/L).The AUC for predicting DF over 3 years was 0.797.CONCLUSION FPG demonstrated a U-shaped relationship with DF.Serum albumin levels were negatively associated with DF.The prediction nomogram model of DF showed good discrimination ability using diabetes duration,lower extremity arterial disease,serum albumin,FPG,and diabetic nephropathy(Clinicaltrial.gov NCT05519163).
基金funding from the National Science Foundation(NSF Award 2114701)of the United States.
文摘This study advances the DRASTIC groundwater vulnerability assessment framework by integrating a multi-hazard groundwater index(MHGI)to account for the dynamic impacts of diverse anthropogenic activities and natural factors on both groundwater quality and quantity.Incorporating factors such as population growth,agricultural practices,and groundwater extraction enhances the framework’s ability to capture multi-dimensional,spatiotemporal changes in groundwater vulnerability.Additional improvements include refined weighting and rating scales for thematic layers based on available observational data,and the inclusion of distributed recharge.We demonstrate the practical utility of this dynamic DRASTIC-based framework through its application to the agro-urban regions of the Irrigated Indus Basin,a major groundwater-dependent agricultural area in South Asia.Results indicate that between 2005 and 2020,54%of the study area became highly vulnerable to pollution.The MHGI revealed a 13%decline in potential groundwater storage and a 25%increase in groundwater-stressed zones,driven primarily by population growth and intensive agriculture.Groundwater vulnerability based on both groundwater quality and quantity dimensions showed a 19%decline in areas of low to very low vulnerability and a 6%reduction in medium vulnerability zones by 2020.Sensitivity analyses indicated that groundwater vulnerability in the region is most influenced by groundwater recharge(42%)and renewable groundwater stress(38%).Validation with in-situ data yielded area under the curve values of 0.71 for groundwater quality vulnerability and 0.63 for MHGI.The framework provides valuable insights to guide sustainable groundwater management,safeguarding both environmental integrity and human well-being.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2023J011338)Guided Foundation of Xiamen Science and Technology Bureau(3502Z20214ZD4009,3502Z20214ZD4010)+1 种基金Key Projects of East China Phased Array Weather Radar Application Joint Laboratory(EPJL_RP2025010)National Natural Science Foundation of China(41905049)。
文摘In September 2020,a pioneering observational network of three X-band phased-array radars(XPARs)was established in Xiamen,a subtropical coastal and densely populated city in southeastern China.Statistically,this study demonstrated that the XPAR network outperforms single S-band radar in revealing the warm-season convective storms in Xiamen in a fine-scale manner.The findings revealed that convective activity in Xiamen is most frequent in the central and northern mountainous regions,with lower frequency observed in the southern coastal areas.The diurnal pattern of convection occurrence exhibited a unimodal distribution,with a peak in the afternoon.The frequent occurrence of convective storms correlates well in both time and space with the active terrain uplift that occurs when the prevailing winds encounter mountainous areas.Notably,September stands apart with a bimodal diurnal pattern,featuring a prominent afternoon peak and a significant secondary peak before midnight.Further examination of dense rain gauge data in Xiamen indicates that high-frequency areas of short-duration heavy rainfall largely coincide with regions of active convective storms,except for a unique rainfall hotspot in southern Xiamen,where moderate convection frequency is accompanied by substantial rainfall.This anomalous rainfall,predominantly nocturnal,appears less influenced by terrain uplift and exhibits higher precipitation efficiency than daytime rainfall.These preliminary findings offer insights into the characteristics of convection occurrence in Xiamen's subtropical coastal environment and hold promise for enhancing the accuracy of convection and precipitation forecasts in similar environments.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(40771159)the Science and Technology Plan Project of Liaoning Province(2007308003)the Open Research Fund Program of the Geomatics and Applications Laboratory,Liaoning Technical University(2007009)
文摘With the unceasing appearance and widespread application of new surveying technology,the present age mining survey has meet huge change.However,lots of prob- lems occurred while using the new techniques since the number of mine is large in China and condition of the mine district is complex,it in some sense influenced the mine exploi- tation and management of China.Summarized the present situation of new technical ap- plication in mining survey,including the advanced instrumentation equipment,the '3S' technology,the information and the network technology and the information fusion tech- nology and so on,and analyzed the problems which exists in the current mining survey,it also provided new ways to present age mining survey from the sustainable development angle.
基金Supported by Innovation Platform Project of Colleges and Universities of Hunan Province(14K053)Youth Fund of Hunan Institute of Humanities,Science and Technology(2015QN09)~~
文摘In order to improve the degradation activity of organophosphorus degradation bacterial strains, uniform design and support vector regression(SVR) are used to optimize the formula of mineral salt medium for the strains based on single factor experiment. The formula being used after SVR optimization is glucose 1.24 g/L,NH4 NO3 0.73 g, KH2 PO4 0.96 g, KCl 0.50 g, MgSO4·7 H2 O 0.50 g, MnSO4 0.02 g, CaCl2 0.04 g, distilled water 1 000 mL;the highest degradation rate is obtained at pH7.0(SVR, 76.68%), superior to that of the QSAR model(74.67%). The formula optimization method based on uniform design and SVR is very promising to apply in various multiple-factor and multiple-level formula optimization experiments.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12261131505,62005172)the Russian Science Fund(No.23-49-00133)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.D5000210517)the Basic Research Programs of Taicang,China(No.TC2021JC21).
文摘When an aircraft passes through a rainy area at high speed,the coating on the front edge of the fuselage will be continuously eroded by raindrops,causing the coating to wear,crack or even peel off.This paper uses carbon fiber T300 material as the base material,and at the different impact speeds and impact numbers,water cutting equipment was used to simulate the erosion of the coating caused by the continuous impact of water droplets.The damage morphology of samples at different damage stages was observed by digital microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM),and the damage evolution curve was established to analyze and reveal the damage behavior and damage mechanism of rain erosion.The results show that the degree of damage experienced an increasing trend with the increase of impact numbers and speed,until circular peel damage was formed;no damage occurred during the incubation period,and the curvature of the damage evolution curve increased significantly after the expansion period and eventually showed a stable expansion trend.The mechanical properties of the coating material were the main influencing factors of its rain corrosion resistance.Moreover,the axially symmetric unsteady contact problem of droplets impacting the surface of a solid deformable body was studied.And the contact area was determined based on the iterative algorithm boundary positioning method.A mathematical model and closed mathematical formula describing the unsteady interaction between a droplet and a solid deformable obstacle were proposed.
基金Supported by Project of The Education Department of Fujian Province(JAT201227).
文摘As a new type of green solvents,deep eutectic solvents(DESs)have the advantages of strong extraction ability,designability,simple preparation,low price,recoverability and biodegradation,and show great application potential in the field of plant flavonoid extraction.In this paper,the definition,classification and preparation methods of DESs were introduced.The effects of DES composition,molar ratio of DES components,water content of DES systems,liquid-material ratio,extraction temperature,extraction time and extraction auxiliary techniques on the extraction yield of plant flavonoids were expounded.The recycling methods of DESs were summarized.Existing problems of DESs in the field of plant flavonoids extraction were pointed out,and further research direction and trend were analyzed and prospected.
基金National Key R&D Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2022YFC3300704National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:62171038,62088101,62006023。
文摘Due to hardware limitations,existing hyperspectral(HS)camera often suffer from low spatial/temporal resolution.Recently,it has been prevalent to super-resolve a low reso-lution(LR)HS image into a high resolution(HR)HS image with a HR RGB(or mul-tispectral)image guidance.Previous approaches for this guided super-resolution task often model the intrinsic characteristic of the desired HR HS image using hand-crafted priors.Recently,researchers pay more attention to deep learning methods with direct supervised or unsupervised learning,which exploit deep prior only from training dataset or testing data.In this article,an efficient convolutional neural network-based method is presented to progressively super-resolve HS image with RGB image guidance.Specif-ically,a progressive HS image super-resolution network is proposed,which progressively super-resolve the LR HS image with pixel shuffled HR RGB image guidance.Then,the super-resolution network is progressively trained with supervised pre-training and un-supervised adaption,where supervised pre-training learns the general prior on training data and unsupervised adaptation generalises the general prior to specific prior for variant testing scenes.The proposed method can effectively exploit prior from training dataset and testing HS and RGB images with spectral-spatial constraint.It has a good general-isation capability,especially for blind HS image super-resolution.Comprehensive experimental results show that the proposed deep progressive learning method out-performs the existing state-of-the-art methods for HS image super-resolution in non-blind and blind cases.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42088101 and 41875099)。
文摘Changes in the activities of the Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation(BSISO)at the end of 21st century under the SSP5-8.5 scenario are assessed by adopting 17 CMIP6 models and the weak-temperature-gradient assumption.Results show that the intraseasonal variations become more structured.The BSISO-related precipitation anomaly shows a larger zonal scale and propagates further northward.However,there is no broad agreement among models on the changes in the eastward and northward propagation speeds and the frequency of individual phases.In the western North Pacific(WNP),the BSISO precipitation variance is significantly increased,at 4.62%K^(−1),due to the significantly increased efficiency of vertical moisture transport per unit of BSISO apparent heating.The vertical velocity variance is significantly decreased,at−3.51%K^(−1),in the middle troposphere,due to the significantly increased mean-state static stability.Changes in the lower-level zonal wind variance are relatively complex,with a significant increase stretching from the northwestern to southeastern WNP,but the opposite in other regions.This is probably due to the combined impacts of the northeastward shift of the BSISO signals and the reduced BSISO vertical velocity variance under global warming.Changes in strong and normal BSISO events in the WNP are also compared.They show same-signed changes in precipitation and large-scale circulation anomalies but opposite changes in the vertical velocity anomalies.This is probably because the precipitation anomaly of strong(normal)events changes at a rate much larger(smaller)than that of the meanstate static stability,causing enhanced(reduced)vertical motion.
文摘Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are an atmospheric pollutant with a boiling point of 50˚C - 260˚C at room temperature and pressure. They are precursors of sulfur dioxide and ozone, which can seriously pollute the atmosphere and endanger human health. After the “14th Five-Year Plan”, VOCs, instead of SO2, became one of the five indicators of China’s atmospheric governance. As a result, the government’s efforts to control VOCs have increased significantly. VOCs governance mustn’t be delayed. This paper provides a comprehensive summary and analysis of VOCs governance, covering the classification of VOCs, analysis of VOC governance technology (with a focus on end-of-pipe governance technology), national policy regulations, current governance shortcomings, and a forward-looking perspective on the future direction of VOCs governance, emphasizing healthy and sustainable development.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31801522)the Cooperation Project of Wuliangye Group Co.,Ltd.and Sichuan University of Science&Engineering,China(CXY2019ZR011)Sichuan University of Science&Engineering(Item No.2020RC36).
文摘Butyric acid is a volatile saturated monocarboxylic acid,which is widely used in the chemical,food,pharmaceutical,energy,and animal feed industries.This study focuses on producing butyric acid from pre-treated rape straw using simultaneous enzymatic hydrolysis semi-solid fermentation(SEHSF).Clostridium beijerinckii BRM001 screened from pit mud of Chinese nongxiangxing baijiu was used.The genome of C.beijerinckii BRM001 was sequenced and annotated.Using rape straw as the sole carbon source,fermentation optimization was carried out based on the genomic analysis of BRM001.The optimized butyric acid yield was as high as 13.86±0.77 g/L,which was 2.1 times higher than that of the initial screening.Furthermore,under optimal conditions,non-sterile SEHSF was carried out,and the yield of butyric acid was 13.42±0.83 g/L in a 2.5-L fermentor.This study provides a new approach for butyric acid production which eliminates the need for detoxification of straw hydrolysate and makes full use of the value of fermentation waste residue without secondary pollution,making the whole process greener and more economical,which has a certain industrial potential.
基金This study was performed under the“Research andDevelopment of Advanced Aircraft Systems for PracticalApplication(JPNP15005)”project commissioned by theNew Energy and Industrial Technology DevelopmentOrganization(NEDO)The C,O,and S K-edge XANESexperiments were conducted at BL1N2 and BL6N1 of theAichi Synchrotron Radiation Center,Aichi Science&Technology Foundation,Aichi,Japan(Proposal Num-bers 202103016 , 202102100)
文摘Carbonate-electrolyte-based lithium–sulfur(Li–S)batteries with solid-phase conversion offer promising safety and scalability,but their reversible capacities are limited.In addition,large-format pouch cells are paving the way for large-scale production.This study demonstrates the in situ formation of a solid-electrolyte interphase(SEI)as a protective layer using vinylene carbonate(VC),highlighting its industrial adaptability.A high reversible capacity is achieved by the lithiated poly-VC SEI formed inside the cathode particles as a nanoscale ionic conduction path,along with the traditional surface protective layer.Furthermore,the severe dissolution of poly-VC is mitigated by LiF derived from fluorine ethylene carbonate as a co-solvent,enabling high rate performance and a long cycle life.A large 8 Ah pouch cell is successfully developed,which shows a high energy density of 400 Wh kg^(−1) based on the cell weight.This work demonstrates the high performance of large-scale Li–S batteries with the in situ formation of a protective layer as a scalable technique for future applications.
文摘Urban air pollution is a major challenge facing rapidly growing cities in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, with vehicle emissions being a significant contributor. This study aims to analyze the spatial and temporal patterns of air pollutants, particularly nitrogen dioxide (NO2), in Casablanca, Morocco, and investigate the relationship with urban development and transportation characteristics. By integrating satellite remote sensing data and Google Earth Engine (GEE) techniques, we provide a comprehensive assessment of air quality in Casablanca and demonstrate the value of using geospatial approaches for informing policymakers and urban planners. The results highlight seasonal variations in NO2 levels, the identification of pollution hotspots, and the quantification of the influence of urban features and traffic on air quality. We discuss the implications of these findings for targeted interventions to improve air quality and the potential for expanding the methodology to other pollutants and cities in the region.
文摘Côte d’Ivoire is currently experiencing strong growth in the mining sector. Identifying the formations present in our subsoil is therefore essential for mining recovery. It is in this context that we conducted studies on the formations present in the locality of Guintéguéla. It is located in the northwest of Côte d’Ivoire in the bafing region. The aim of this work was to determine the petrographic and structural characteristics of the formations of the area. The methodology began with documentation and then followed petrography and structural analysis work on the macroscopic and microscopic levels. We observed six groups of rocks: granitoids, amphibolites, orthogneiss, quartzites (poor and rich in magnetites), volcano-sediments and filonian rocks. Metamorphism is of amphibolite to granulite facies. However, volcano-sediments must be associated with the green schist facies. With regard to the structural, structures and microstructures such as foliation;fractures;sigmoidal figures reveal that the studied area was affected by ductile and also brittle tectonics whose main directions are oriented along the shear corridor, so N-S to NNW-SSE.
文摘Few studies have been carried out to date on the influence of bacteria on variations in the abiotic properties of water. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the influence of Escherichia coli and Aeromonas hydrophila on some abiotic properties of groundwater stored under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. Experiments were performed in the presence of monospecific cells and bispecific cells. The incubation temperatures were 4˚C and 23˚C. The incubation (storage) times were 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. Bacteriological analyses were carried out using culture and physicochemical analyses using appropriate techniques. The results show that in the presence of monospecific cells and under aerobic conditions, E. coli abundances were relatively lower than under anaerobic conditions. The opposite was observed in the presence of bispecific cells. In most cases, minimum cell abundances were observed after 6 hours of storage. The same was true for A. hydrophila cells. The values of pH, electrical conductivity and ammonium ions in the water on the day of sampling varied over time. The pH values were relatively higher at 4˚C in the presence of E. coli cells alone, and at 23˚C in the presence of A. hydrophila cells. Ammonium ion levels were relatively higher at 4˚C under anaerobic conditions for both bacterial species. The highest electrical conductivity value was observed at 23˚C in the presence of E. coli cells, and at 4˚C in the presence of A. hydrophila cells, under anaerobic conditions. Electrical conductivity is higher in the presence of A. hydrophila with fluctuations from 169 to 285 µS/cm after 24 h incubation and 259 µS/cm after 6 hours incubation at 4˚C and 23˚C respectively. Under anaerobic conditions and in the presence of E. coli, the conductivity varied from 169 µS/cm at sampling to 274 µS/cm after 72 hours of incubation at 4˚C and from 169 to 289 after 24 hours. Under the same experimental conditions and in the presence of A. hydrophila, the electrical conductivity is higher at 4˚C with a value of 299 µS/cm after 24 hours. In the monospecific condition and under aerobic and anaerobic conditions and at an incubation temperature of 4˚C, the increase in the abundance of E. coli cells is significantly and positively correlated with the increase in pH values. In the mixed condition, pH is very significantly and positively correlated with the abundance of commensal Escherichia coli in anaerobic conditions (P NH4+) is significantly and negatively correlated with cellular concentrations of A. hydrophila in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
