[Objectives]The present study was conducted to investigate the change rule ofβ-fructofuranosidase gene expression and its enzyme activity in the midgut of 5 th instar silkworm(Bombyx mori),in order to provide a refer...[Objectives]The present study was conducted to investigate the change rule ofβ-fructofuranosidase gene expression and its enzyme activity in the midgut of 5 th instar silkworm(Bombyx mori),in order to provide a reference for illustrating the enzymatic mechanism of usingβ-fructofuranosidase to absorb sucrose nutrition from mulberry leaves.[Methods]Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was applied to analyze the expression of BmSuc1 and BmSuc2 in midgut of 5 th-instar silkworm larvae,meanwhile the activities ofβ-fructofuranosidase was determined.[Results]BmSuc1 was expressed in the midgut of 5 th-instar silkworm larvae at different developmental stages.Its expression was upregulated at the beginning of the 5 th instar and during the peak feeding period,whereas BmSuc2 expression remained very low throughout the entire 5 th instar.The activity ofβ-fructofuranosidase was relatively high during the peak feeding period of 5 th-instar larvae,showing a trend of increasing first and then decreasing.[Conclusions]The expression pattern of the BmSuc1 gene and the changes inβ-fructofuranosidase activity were generally consistent with the physiological process of sugar nutrient absorption and utilization from mulberry leaves in 5 th-instar silkworms.It suggests that BmSuc1,as a sucrose hydrolase gene,plays a major role in the digestion and absorption of sucrose nutrients from mulberry leaves in the midgut tissue.展开更多
Keratinocytes,the major cell types of the epidermis,proliferate and migrate during wound healing to restore the epithelial barrier.Royal jelly is a traditional remedy used in wound repair.Our previous study found that...Keratinocytes,the major cell types of the epidermis,proliferate and migrate during wound healing to restore the epithelial barrier.Royal jelly is a traditional remedy used in wound repair.Our previous study found that the mixture of major royal jelly protein(MRJP)2,3 and 7 exhibited in vitro wound healing-promoting effects;however,the exact functional constituents and the associated underlying mechanisms of action are still largely unknown.In this study,a partial fragment of MRJP3 was recombinantly expressed as a fusion protein MRJP3-C113-Fc which promoted wound healing in vitro and in vivo.By employing protein inhibitors and immunoblots technology,it was initially found that the wound-repairing mechanisms of MRJP3-C113-Fc were correlated to the activation of EGFR/AKT/m TOR signaling pathway in keratinocytes(Ha Ca T cells).LC-MS/MS-based proteomic analysis demonstrated that the proteins present in the MRJP3-C113-Fc-treated Ha Ca T cells were different from the untreated ones,in which rhomboid 5 homolog 2(RHBDF2)might be the potential regulator for the EGFR/AKT/m TOR signaling pathway.Silencing of RHBDF2 diminished the proproliferative and-migratory effectiveness of MRJP3-C113-Fc on Ha Ca T cells,as well as the phosphorylation of EGFR/AKT/m TOR,suggesting that the wound healing-promoting efficacy was attributable to the RHBDF2-mediated activation of EGFR/AKT/m TOR signaling pathway.Hence,this study is the first to discover the single fragment of MRJPs possessing pro-healing properties,and also the first to disclose the regulatory role of RHBDF2 in EGFR/AKT/m TOR signaling pathway-modulated wound healing.It will facilitate the development of MRJP3-C113-based therapeutic agent for skin wounds,and provide a novel target for treating cutaneous trauma.展开更多
【Aim】The genetic differentiation research is an important link to understand the morphological diversity and adaptive evolution of honey bees.It is a prerequisite for the determination of the bioresource management ...【Aim】The genetic differentiation research is an important link to understand the morphological diversity and adaptive evolution of honey bees.It is a prerequisite for the determination of the bioresource management unit and the protection unit and helps to protect the genetic resources of honey bees.This study aims to study the genetic differentiation and genetic resource distribution of the Asian honey bee,Apis cerana across the geographical environment in China by analyzing morphological differentiation.【Methods】A total of6147 worker bees of A.cerana were collected from 102 sampling sites across the complete distribution area of A.cerana in China.Sixty worker bees of each sampling site from 10-20 colonies were dissected and 33morphological characteristics associated with the wings,individual size,hind leg,and body color were measured.A multivariate morphometric analysis was conducted and clusters with their morphological traits and distribution patterns were identified.【Results】According to the cluster results of discriminant analysis and principal component analysis,A.cerana in China can be divided into 14 morphological clusters.Five clusters with smaller body size were identified.Hainan cluster had the smallest body size,followed by South Yunnan cluster,Taiwan region of China cluster,Southern cluster,and Northern cluster.These five clusters were significantly different in proboscis length,forewing length,the structure of the 3rd submarginal cell in the forewing,body color,and the length of the wax plate.Changbai cluster had the largest cubital index,wax plate size,and width of the stripe of tomentum on tergite 5.However,Bomi cluster of Tibet had the smallest width of the stripe of tomentum on tergite 5 in China.Northwest cluster had the longest hind legs.Five clusters in the West Sichuan Plateau were characterized by larger individuals and black body color.Batang cluster had the smallest cubital index(3.0169)and the largest individual size in China.The cubital index of the Aba cluster was inferior only to that of the Changbai cluster,and the wing lengths and the sizes of sternite 7 were the largest.Derong cluster was the darkest.Yajiang cluster was unique in wing vein angles(A4,N23,E9 and J10 were the smallest and B4 the largest).Chuandian cluster had the smallest body size on the Western Sichuan Plateau.【Conclusion】In this study,the morphometric analysis of A.cerana was conducted based on collection of samples across the complete distribution area of A.cerana in China,especially those from Bomi of Tibet,Taiwan Province of China,and the Western Sichuan Plateau.Fourteen clusters of A.cerana were obtained in China,including Hainan cluster,southern Yunnan cluster,Changbai cluster,Taiwan region of China cluster,Bomi cluster,Aba cluster,Batang cluster,Derong cluster,Yajiang cluster,Chuandian cluster,Chuangui cluster,Northwest cluster,Southern cluster,and Northern cluster.The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the protection and exploitation of genetic resources of A.cerana in China.展开更多
Through pot tests of early rice and late rice in Cd polluted environment(soil Cd content,1.0 mg/kg),the inhibition and control effects of single application of organic fertilizers involving pig manure and biochar,and ...Through pot tests of early rice and late rice in Cd polluted environment(soil Cd content,1.0 mg/kg),the inhibition and control effects of single application of organic fertilizers involving pig manure and biochar,and their combined application with alkaline amendments involving lime and oyster shell powder on soil Cd activation and rice Cd absorption were compared.And the correlation between soil available Cd and rice grain Cd was discussed.The results showed that compared with CK which did not involve amendments,the grain yields of early rice and late rice increased by 15.52%~36.01%and 12.02%~27.28%,respectively,the grain Cd content decreased by 24.76%~64.53%and 4.93%~58.32%,respectively,and the grain Cd accumulation decreased by 22.27%~51.76%and 33.84%~46.95%,respectively,except for single pig manure treatment.In particular,the Cd reduction effect of biochar was significantly better than that of pig manure,and the combined application with oyster shell powder was better than that with lime;after the harvest of early and late rice,the available Cd content in soil applied with amendments decreased by 35.00%~65.88%and 30.93%~68.57%,respectively,compared with CK.Further analysis showed that the soil available Cd content and rice grain Cd content could fit the linear equation well(R2>0.70,P<0.05),which demonstrated that the combined application of organic fertilizers and alkaline amendments can quickly reduce the Cd content of rice grain by passivating soil available Cd,and the combined application between biochar and oyster shell powder had a better effect.展开更多
[Objectives]To investigate the effects of different temperature and starvation stress on the expression of AaHsp90 and reveal the molecular mechanism of adaptation to environment in Antheraea assama.[Methods]Taking th...[Objectives]To investigate the effects of different temperature and starvation stress on the expression of AaHsp90 and reveal the molecular mechanism of adaptation to environment in Antheraea assama.[Methods]Taking the normal feeding group at 26℃as the control,the expression change of AaHsp90 was detected by real-time PCR in midgut,fat body and hemlymph after high temperature stress at 38℃,low temperature stress at 4℃and starvation stress separately for different time on the third day of the fifth larvae.[Results]The expression of AaHsp90 in midgut,fat body and hemlymph of Antheraea assama were increased obviously at first and then decreased sharply with the prolongation of treatment time at 38℃.There has a certain inhibitory effect on the expression of AaHsp90 in midgut,fat body and hemolymph after treatment with 4℃for different time.After treatment with starvation,the AaHsp90 expression were increased at 12 and 18 h and decreased sharply at 24 h in midgut,fat body and hemolymph of A.assama.[Conclusions]Comprehensive analysis showed that high temperature and starvation stress can induce the expression of AaHsp90,while low temperature stress mainly suppressed its expression.It was suggested that the AaHsp90 protein may play an important role in the process of adaptation to high temperature and starvation stress in A.assama.展开更多
[Objectives]In order to clarify the regulatory effects of insect hormones on the expression of BmSuc1 and provide a reference for further analysis of the function and expression regulation mechanism of BmSuc1,this stu...[Objectives]In order to clarify the regulatory effects of insect hormones on the expression of BmSuc1 and provide a reference for further analysis of the function and expression regulation mechanism of BmSuc1,this study explored the expression profiles of BmSuc1 in different tissues and periods of silkworm larvae and the expression changes of BmSuc1 after treatment with exogenous hormones.[Methods]By using the real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR technique,the expression characteristics of BmSuc1 were detected in different periods,different tissues and after treatment with exogenous hormones during the development of silkworm larvae.The expression of BmSuc1 and 20E receptor gene USP was detected after RNA interference with double-stranded RNA(dsRNA)of USP.[Results]The relative expression of BmSuc1 gene in the midgut was the highest,followed by the silk glands,epidermis and hemolymph.However,there was much lower or almost no expression in other tissues.In addition,the BmSuc1 expression profile exhibited a pulse-like pattern in silkworm larvae.The expression level of BmSuc1 was higher at each instar stage before molting,late fifth instar before cocooning and prepupal stage.Silkworm larvae at day 2 of the fifth instar were treated with 20-hydroxyecdysone(20E)and juvenile hormone(JH).It was found that the expression of BmSuc1 was extremely significantly higher at 12 and 18 h after 20E treatment than the control group injected with 0.1%dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)(P<0.01,the same below).But there were no significant difference in BmSuc1 expression between the JH treatment and the control group during the measurement time range(P>0.05).The dsRNA of USP was synthesized in vitro and injected into silkworm larvae at day 3 of the fifth instar.It was showed that the USP relative expression was extremely significantly down-regulated at 24 and 36 h after injection,which indicated that dsRNA interference was successful.RNAi of USP would block 20E signal transduction,and the expression of BmSuc1 was inhibited and significantly down-regulated at 24 and 36 h after injection of dsRNA of USP(P<0.05).[Conclusions]The BmSuc1 expression peaks appeared in the molting of silkworm larvae and the metamorphosis of larvae to pupae,which suggests that BmSuc1 may be involved in the metamorphic development process of silkworms.Treatment with exogenous ecdysone 20E can activate the expression of BmSuc1,but blocking the 20E signal transduction pathway may suppress expression of BmSuc1.It indicates that BmSuc1 as a downstream target gene in the 20E signal transduction pathway is directly or indirectly regulated by 20E signals.展开更多
Class B scavenger receptors （SR-Bs） are cell surface glycoproteins involved in various physiological processes in vivo, including the transport and metabolism of lipids, binding and phagoeytosis of xenobiotics, and ...Class B scavenger receptors （SR-Bs） are cell surface glycoproteins involved in various physiological processes in vivo, including the transport and metabolism of lipids, binding and phagoeytosis of xenobiotics, and signaling. But little information is available about silkworm SR-Bs; it is necessary to study these SR-Bs for revealing their function. In this study, we cloned the full-length coding sequence of BrnSCRBQ4, a SR-B gene from the silkworm Bombyx mori L. We found that the BmSCRBQ4 gene consists of nine exons and eight introns, with an open reading frame of 1371 bp encoding 456 amino acids. Gene expression studies determined that BmSCRBQ4 messenger RNA （mRNA） was expressed in unfertilized eggs, during embryonic development and throughout the majority of the larval period. Expression of mRNA was detected in the mid gut, middle silk gland, posterior silk gland, head, integumentum, fat body, testes and the ovaries of the larval B. mori Dazao strain, as well as in the silkworm cell lines BmN and BmE. Protein expression studies found BmSCRBQ4 protein was expressed only in the testes, fat body and middle silk gland of larvae, as well as in the silkworm cell lines BmN and BmE. The BmSCRBQ4 protein showed variability in banding patterns in different tissues and cells when analyzed by Western blotting. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the BmSCRBQ4 protein localizes to the constitutive membranes or cellular membranes of these tissues. These results indicated that BmSCRBQ4 gene may play some physiologically relevant roles at the cell surface in each tissue.展开更多
Multiple plant lineages have independently evolved sex chromosomes and variable karyotypes to maintain their sessile lifestyles through constant biological innovation.Morus notabilis,a dioecious mulberry species,has t...Multiple plant lineages have independently evolved sex chromosomes and variable karyotypes to maintain their sessile lifestyles through constant biological innovation.Morus notabilis,a dioecious mulberry species,has the fewest chromosomes among Morus spp.,but the genetic basis of sex determination and karyotype evolution in this species has not been identified.In this study,three high-quality genome assemblies were generated for Morus spp.[including dioecious M.notabilis(male and female)and Morus yunnanensis(female)]with genome sizes of 301–329 Mb and were grouped into six pseudochromosomes.Using a combination of genomic approaches,we found that the putative ancestral karyotype of Morus species was close to 14 protochromosomes,and that several chromosome fusion events resulted in descending dysploidy(2n=2x=12).We also characterized a~6.2-Mb sex-determining region on chromosome 3.Four potential male-specific genes,a partially duplicated DNA helicase gene(named MSDH)and three Ty3_Gypsy long terminal repeat retrotransposons(named MSTG1/2/3),were identified in the Y-linked area and considered to be strong candidate genes for sex determination or differentiation.Population genomic analysis showed that Guangdong accessions in China were genetically similar to Japanese accessions of mulberry.In addition,genomic areas containing selective sweeps that distinguish domesticated mulberry from wild populations in terms of flowering and disease resistance were identified.Our study provides an important genetic resource for sex identification research and molecular breeding in mulberry.展开更多
Honeybees are the most critical pollinators providing key ecosystem services that underpin crop production and sustainable agriculture.Amidst a backdrop of rapid global change,this eusocial insect encounters a success...Honeybees are the most critical pollinators providing key ecosystem services that underpin crop production and sustainable agriculture.Amidst a backdrop of rapid global change,this eusocial insect encounters a succession of stressors during nesting,foraging,and pollination.Ectoparasitic mites,together with vectored viruses,have been recognized as central biotic threats to honeybee health,while the spread of invasive giant hornets and small hive beetles also increasingly threatens colonies worldwide.Cocktails of agrochemicals,including acaricides used for mite treatment,and other pollutants of the environment have been widely documented to affect bee health in various ways.Additionally,expanding urbanization,climate change,and agricultural intensification often result in the destruction or fragmentation of flower-rich bee habitats.The anthropogenic pressures exerted by beekeeping management practices affect the natural selection and evolution of honeybees,and colony translocations facilitate alien species invasion and disease transmission.In this review,the multiple biotic and abiotic threats and their interactions that potentially undermine bee colony health are discussed,while taking into consideration the sensitivity,large foraging area,dense network among related nestmates,and social behaviors of honeybees.展开更多
20-hydroxyecdysone(20E)induced transcription factor E93 is important for larval–adult transition,which functions in programmed cell death of larval obsolete tissues,and the formation of adult new tissues.However,the ...20-hydroxyecdysone(20E)induced transcription factor E93 is important for larval–adult transition,which functions in programmed cell death of larval obsolete tissues,and the formation of adult new tissues.However,the apoptosis-related genes directly regulated by E93 are still ambiguous.In this study,an E93 mutation fly strain was obtained by clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9-mediated long exon deletion to investigate whether and how E93 induces apoptosis during larval tissues metamorphosis.The transcriptional profile of E93 was consistent with 3 RHG(rpr,hid,and grim)genes and the effector caspase gene drice,and all their expressions peaked at the initiation of apoptosis during the degradation of salivary glands.The transcription expression of 3 RHG genes decreased and apoptosis was blocked in E93 mutation salivary gland during metamorphosis.In contrast,E93 overexpression promoted the transcription of 3 RHG genes,and induced advanced apoptosis in the salivary gland.Moreover,E93 not only enhance the promoter activities of the 3 RHG genes in Drosophila Kc cells in vitro,but also in the salivary gland in vivo.Our results demonstrated that 20E induced E93 promotes the transcription of RHG genes to trigger apoptosis during obsolete tissues degradation at metamorphosis in Drosophila.展开更多
基金Supported by General Project of Yunnan Provincial Agricultural Basic Research Joint Special Project(202301BD070001-229)Yunnan Provincial Key R&D Program(202403AK140075)+1 种基金Modern Sericulture Industry Technology System of Yunan Province(KJTX-07)Honghe Comprehensive Test Station of National Sericulture Industry Technology System(CARS-18).
文摘[Objectives]The present study was conducted to investigate the change rule ofβ-fructofuranosidase gene expression and its enzyme activity in the midgut of 5 th instar silkworm(Bombyx mori),in order to provide a reference for illustrating the enzymatic mechanism of usingβ-fructofuranosidase to absorb sucrose nutrition from mulberry leaves.[Methods]Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was applied to analyze the expression of BmSuc1 and BmSuc2 in midgut of 5 th-instar silkworm larvae,meanwhile the activities ofβ-fructofuranosidase was determined.[Results]BmSuc1 was expressed in the midgut of 5 th-instar silkworm larvae at different developmental stages.Its expression was upregulated at the beginning of the 5 th instar and during the peak feeding period,whereas BmSuc2 expression remained very low throughout the entire 5 th instar.The activity ofβ-fructofuranosidase was relatively high during the peak feeding period of 5 th-instar larvae,showing a trend of increasing first and then decreasing.[Conclusions]The expression pattern of the BmSuc1 gene and the changes inβ-fructofuranosidase activity were generally consistent with the physiological process of sugar nutrient absorption and utilization from mulberry leaves in 5 th-instar silkworms.It suggests that BmSuc1,as a sucrose hydrolase gene,plays a major role in the digestion and absorption of sucrose nutrients from mulberry leaves in the midgut tissue.
基金supported by the grants from the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2023J01490,2019J01408)the Central Guidance on Local Science and Technology Development Fund of Fujian Province(2024L3006)+3 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Special Fund of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(KFb22071XA)the Outstanding Young Scientist Program of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(xjq201916)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272938)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF,and MARA(CARS-44)。
文摘Keratinocytes,the major cell types of the epidermis,proliferate and migrate during wound healing to restore the epithelial barrier.Royal jelly is a traditional remedy used in wound repair.Our previous study found that the mixture of major royal jelly protein(MRJP)2,3 and 7 exhibited in vitro wound healing-promoting effects;however,the exact functional constituents and the associated underlying mechanisms of action are still largely unknown.In this study,a partial fragment of MRJP3 was recombinantly expressed as a fusion protein MRJP3-C113-Fc which promoted wound healing in vitro and in vivo.By employing protein inhibitors and immunoblots technology,it was initially found that the wound-repairing mechanisms of MRJP3-C113-Fc were correlated to the activation of EGFR/AKT/m TOR signaling pathway in keratinocytes(Ha Ca T cells).LC-MS/MS-based proteomic analysis demonstrated that the proteins present in the MRJP3-C113-Fc-treated Ha Ca T cells were different from the untreated ones,in which rhomboid 5 homolog 2(RHBDF2)might be the potential regulator for the EGFR/AKT/m TOR signaling pathway.Silencing of RHBDF2 diminished the proproliferative and-migratory effectiveness of MRJP3-C113-Fc on Ha Ca T cells,as well as the phosphorylation of EGFR/AKT/m TOR,suggesting that the wound healing-promoting efficacy was attributable to the RHBDF2-mediated activation of EGFR/AKT/m TOR signaling pathway.Hence,this study is the first to discover the single fragment of MRJPs possessing pro-healing properties,and also the first to disclose the regulatory role of RHBDF2 in EGFR/AKT/m TOR signaling pathway-modulated wound healing.It will facilitate the development of MRJP3-C113-based therapeutic agent for skin wounds,and provide a novel target for treating cutaneous trauma.
文摘【Aim】The genetic differentiation research is an important link to understand the morphological diversity and adaptive evolution of honey bees.It is a prerequisite for the determination of the bioresource management unit and the protection unit and helps to protect the genetic resources of honey bees.This study aims to study the genetic differentiation and genetic resource distribution of the Asian honey bee,Apis cerana across the geographical environment in China by analyzing morphological differentiation.【Methods】A total of6147 worker bees of A.cerana were collected from 102 sampling sites across the complete distribution area of A.cerana in China.Sixty worker bees of each sampling site from 10-20 colonies were dissected and 33morphological characteristics associated with the wings,individual size,hind leg,and body color were measured.A multivariate morphometric analysis was conducted and clusters with their morphological traits and distribution patterns were identified.【Results】According to the cluster results of discriminant analysis and principal component analysis,A.cerana in China can be divided into 14 morphological clusters.Five clusters with smaller body size were identified.Hainan cluster had the smallest body size,followed by South Yunnan cluster,Taiwan region of China cluster,Southern cluster,and Northern cluster.These five clusters were significantly different in proboscis length,forewing length,the structure of the 3rd submarginal cell in the forewing,body color,and the length of the wax plate.Changbai cluster had the largest cubital index,wax plate size,and width of the stripe of tomentum on tergite 5.However,Bomi cluster of Tibet had the smallest width of the stripe of tomentum on tergite 5 in China.Northwest cluster had the longest hind legs.Five clusters in the West Sichuan Plateau were characterized by larger individuals and black body color.Batang cluster had the smallest cubital index(3.0169)and the largest individual size in China.The cubital index of the Aba cluster was inferior only to that of the Changbai cluster,and the wing lengths and the sizes of sternite 7 were the largest.Derong cluster was the darkest.Yajiang cluster was unique in wing vein angles(A4,N23,E9 and J10 were the smallest and B4 the largest).Chuandian cluster had the smallest body size on the Western Sichuan Plateau.【Conclusion】In this study,the morphometric analysis of A.cerana was conducted based on collection of samples across the complete distribution area of A.cerana in China,especially those from Bomi of Tibet,Taiwan Province of China,and the Western Sichuan Plateau.Fourteen clusters of A.cerana were obtained in China,including Hainan cluster,southern Yunnan cluster,Changbai cluster,Taiwan region of China cluster,Bomi cluster,Aba cluster,Batang cluster,Derong cluster,Yajiang cluster,Chuandian cluster,Chuangui cluster,Northwest cluster,Southern cluster,and Northern cluster.The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the protection and exploitation of genetic resources of A.cerana in China.
文摘Through pot tests of early rice and late rice in Cd polluted environment(soil Cd content,1.0 mg/kg),the inhibition and control effects of single application of organic fertilizers involving pig manure and biochar,and their combined application with alkaline amendments involving lime and oyster shell powder on soil Cd activation and rice Cd absorption were compared.And the correlation between soil available Cd and rice grain Cd was discussed.The results showed that compared with CK which did not involve amendments,the grain yields of early rice and late rice increased by 15.52%~36.01%and 12.02%~27.28%,respectively,the grain Cd content decreased by 24.76%~64.53%and 4.93%~58.32%,respectively,and the grain Cd accumulation decreased by 22.27%~51.76%and 33.84%~46.95%,respectively,except for single pig manure treatment.In particular,the Cd reduction effect of biochar was significantly better than that of pig manure,and the combined application with oyster shell powder was better than that with lime;after the harvest of early and late rice,the available Cd content in soil applied with amendments decreased by 35.00%~65.88%and 30.93%~68.57%,respectively,compared with CK.Further analysis showed that the soil available Cd content and rice grain Cd content could fit the linear equation well(R2>0.70,P<0.05),which demonstrated that the combined application of organic fertilizers and alkaline amendments can quickly reduce the Cd content of rice grain by passivating soil available Cd,and the combined application between biochar and oyster shell powder had a better effect.
基金Supported by Special Basic Cooperative Research Programs of Yunnan Provincial Undergraduate Universities Association (2021BA070001-070)Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects (202201AT070226).
文摘[Objectives]To investigate the effects of different temperature and starvation stress on the expression of AaHsp90 and reveal the molecular mechanism of adaptation to environment in Antheraea assama.[Methods]Taking the normal feeding group at 26℃as the control,the expression change of AaHsp90 was detected by real-time PCR in midgut,fat body and hemlymph after high temperature stress at 38℃,low temperature stress at 4℃and starvation stress separately for different time on the third day of the fifth larvae.[Results]The expression of AaHsp90 in midgut,fat body and hemlymph of Antheraea assama were increased obviously at first and then decreased sharply with the prolongation of treatment time at 38℃.There has a certain inhibitory effect on the expression of AaHsp90 in midgut,fat body and hemolymph after treatment with 4℃for different time.After treatment with starvation,the AaHsp90 expression were increased at 12 and 18 h and decreased sharply at 24 h in midgut,fat body and hemolymph of A.assama.[Conclusions]Comprehensive analysis showed that high temperature and starvation stress can induce the expression of AaHsp90,while low temperature stress mainly suppressed its expression.It was suggested that the AaHsp90 protein may play an important role in the process of adaptation to high temperature and starvation stress in A.assama.
基金Supported by The Special Agricultural Basic Cooperative Research Program of Yunnan Province(202301BD070001-229)Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(202201AT070226)The Special Basic Cooperative Research Programs of Yunnan Provincial Undergraduate Universities Association(2021BA070001-070).
文摘[Objectives]In order to clarify the regulatory effects of insect hormones on the expression of BmSuc1 and provide a reference for further analysis of the function and expression regulation mechanism of BmSuc1,this study explored the expression profiles of BmSuc1 in different tissues and periods of silkworm larvae and the expression changes of BmSuc1 after treatment with exogenous hormones.[Methods]By using the real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR technique,the expression characteristics of BmSuc1 were detected in different periods,different tissues and after treatment with exogenous hormones during the development of silkworm larvae.The expression of BmSuc1 and 20E receptor gene USP was detected after RNA interference with double-stranded RNA(dsRNA)of USP.[Results]The relative expression of BmSuc1 gene in the midgut was the highest,followed by the silk glands,epidermis and hemolymph.However,there was much lower or almost no expression in other tissues.In addition,the BmSuc1 expression profile exhibited a pulse-like pattern in silkworm larvae.The expression level of BmSuc1 was higher at each instar stage before molting,late fifth instar before cocooning and prepupal stage.Silkworm larvae at day 2 of the fifth instar were treated with 20-hydroxyecdysone(20E)and juvenile hormone(JH).It was found that the expression of BmSuc1 was extremely significantly higher at 12 and 18 h after 20E treatment than the control group injected with 0.1%dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)(P<0.01,the same below).But there were no significant difference in BmSuc1 expression between the JH treatment and the control group during the measurement time range(P>0.05).The dsRNA of USP was synthesized in vitro and injected into silkworm larvae at day 3 of the fifth instar.It was showed that the USP relative expression was extremely significantly down-regulated at 24 and 36 h after injection,which indicated that dsRNA interference was successful.RNAi of USP would block 20E signal transduction,and the expression of BmSuc1 was inhibited and significantly down-regulated at 24 and 36 h after injection of dsRNA of USP(P<0.05).[Conclusions]The BmSuc1 expression peaks appeared in the molting of silkworm larvae and the metamorphosis of larvae to pupae,which suggests that BmSuc1 may be involved in the metamorphic development process of silkworms.Treatment with exogenous ecdysone 20E can activate the expression of BmSuc1,but blocking the 20E signal transduction pathway may suppress expression of BmSuc1.It indicates that BmSuc1 as a downstream target gene in the 20E signal transduction pathway is directly or indirectly regulated by 20E signals.
基金This research was supported by grants from the Na- tional Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos. 31272505, 31172269 and 31360586）.
文摘Class B scavenger receptors （SR-Bs） are cell surface glycoproteins involved in various physiological processes in vivo, including the transport and metabolism of lipids, binding and phagoeytosis of xenobiotics, and signaling. But little information is available about silkworm SR-Bs; it is necessary to study these SR-Bs for revealing their function. In this study, we cloned the full-length coding sequence of BrnSCRBQ4, a SR-B gene from the silkworm Bombyx mori L. We found that the BmSCRBQ4 gene consists of nine exons and eight introns, with an open reading frame of 1371 bp encoding 456 amino acids. Gene expression studies determined that BmSCRBQ4 messenger RNA （mRNA） was expressed in unfertilized eggs, during embryonic development and throughout the majority of the larval period. Expression of mRNA was detected in the mid gut, middle silk gland, posterior silk gland, head, integumentum, fat body, testes and the ovaries of the larval B. mori Dazao strain, as well as in the silkworm cell lines BmN and BmE. Protein expression studies found BmSCRBQ4 protein was expressed only in the testes, fat body and middle silk gland of larvae, as well as in the silkworm cell lines BmN and BmE. The BmSCRBQ4 protein showed variability in banding patterns in different tissues and cells when analyzed by Western blotting. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the BmSCRBQ4 protein localizes to the constitutive membranes or cellular membranes of these tissues. These results indicated that BmSCRBQ4 gene may play some physiologically relevant roles at the cell surface in each tissue.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2019YFD1000604)the China Agriculture Research System(Grant No.CARS-18-ZJ0201)+1 种基金the Forestry Promotion by Science and Technology Program of Chongqing,China(Grant No.Yulinkeyan2020-2)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program,China(Grant No.22NSFSC3680).
文摘Multiple plant lineages have independently evolved sex chromosomes and variable karyotypes to maintain their sessile lifestyles through constant biological innovation.Morus notabilis,a dioecious mulberry species,has the fewest chromosomes among Morus spp.,but the genetic basis of sex determination and karyotype evolution in this species has not been identified.In this study,three high-quality genome assemblies were generated for Morus spp.[including dioecious M.notabilis(male and female)and Morus yunnanensis(female)]with genome sizes of 301–329 Mb and were grouped into six pseudochromosomes.Using a combination of genomic approaches,we found that the putative ancestral karyotype of Morus species was close to 14 protochromosomes,and that several chromosome fusion events resulted in descending dysploidy(2n=2x=12).We also characterized a~6.2-Mb sex-determining region on chromosome 3.Four potential male-specific genes,a partially duplicated DNA helicase gene(named MSDH)and three Ty3_Gypsy long terminal repeat retrotransposons(named MSTG1/2/3),were identified in the Y-linked area and considered to be strong candidate genes for sex determination or differentiation.Population genomic analysis showed that Guangdong accessions in China were genetically similar to Japanese accessions of mulberry.In addition,genomic areas containing selective sweeps that distinguish domesticated mulberry from wild populations in terms of flowering and disease resistance were identified.Our study provides an important genetic resource for sex identification research and molecular breeding in mulberry.
基金The financial support was granted by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272935,Z.L.)the COLOSS Ricola Award for Excellence(Z.L.)+1 种基金the Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System(CARS-44,T.J.)the Lvyangjinfeng Program of Yangzhou(YZLYJFJH2021YXBS155,Z.L.).
文摘Honeybees are the most critical pollinators providing key ecosystem services that underpin crop production and sustainable agriculture.Amidst a backdrop of rapid global change,this eusocial insect encounters a succession of stressors during nesting,foraging,and pollination.Ectoparasitic mites,together with vectored viruses,have been recognized as central biotic threats to honeybee health,while the spread of invasive giant hornets and small hive beetles also increasingly threatens colonies worldwide.Cocktails of agrochemicals,including acaricides used for mite treatment,and other pollutants of the environment have been widely documented to affect bee health in various ways.Additionally,expanding urbanization,climate change,and agricultural intensification often result in the destruction or fragmentation of flower-rich bee habitats.The anthropogenic pressures exerted by beekeeping management practices affect the natural selection and evolution of honeybees,and colony translocations facilitate alien species invasion and disease transmission.In this review,the multiple biotic and abiotic threats and their interactions that potentially undermine bee colony health are discussed,while taking into consideration the sensitivity,large foraging area,dense network among related nestmates,and social behaviors of honeybees.
基金the National Science Foundation of China(Grants No.32070491 to Kang Li)Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture Project(NT2021003 to Sheng Li)the National Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Grants No.2022A1515010457 to Kang Li),English was polished by the Nature Publishing Group.
文摘20-hydroxyecdysone(20E)induced transcription factor E93 is important for larval–adult transition,which functions in programmed cell death of larval obsolete tissues,and the formation of adult new tissues.However,the apoptosis-related genes directly regulated by E93 are still ambiguous.In this study,an E93 mutation fly strain was obtained by clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9-mediated long exon deletion to investigate whether and how E93 induces apoptosis during larval tissues metamorphosis.The transcriptional profile of E93 was consistent with 3 RHG(rpr,hid,and grim)genes and the effector caspase gene drice,and all their expressions peaked at the initiation of apoptosis during the degradation of salivary glands.The transcription expression of 3 RHG genes decreased and apoptosis was blocked in E93 mutation salivary gland during metamorphosis.In contrast,E93 overexpression promoted the transcription of 3 RHG genes,and induced advanced apoptosis in the salivary gland.Moreover,E93 not only enhance the promoter activities of the 3 RHG genes in Drosophila Kc cells in vitro,but also in the salivary gland in vivo.Our results demonstrated that 20E induced E93 promotes the transcription of RHG genes to trigger apoptosis during obsolete tissues degradation at metamorphosis in Drosophila.
