Antimicrobial resistance(AMR)presents a multifaceted health threat to humans,animals,plants,food systems,and environments.In response,China initiated extensive research to understand and address AMR.However,there has ...Antimicrobial resistance(AMR)presents a multifaceted health threat to humans,animals,plants,food systems,and environments.In response,China initiated extensive research to understand and address AMR.However,there has been a lack of analysis and synthesis of research results at the national level.This study establishes a national AMR knowledge repository through the systematic analysis of over 44,000 scientific publications(2000–2024),employing a machine learning framework that combines transformer-based language models and cluster analysis.Natural language processing(NLP)was used to identify key AMR research topics,subtopics,and AMR detection methods across One Health sectors,including changes over time.Main findings include:(i)China's AMR research in human health aligns with societal disease burdens,yet gaps exist for pathogens like Clostridium difficile and Hepatitis B virus,despite their significant risks in China.(ii)While AMR research in probiotics is increasing,potential risks of AMR transmission associated with their use are often underestimated,particularly regarding the post-marketing surveillance and standardization of probiotic products.(iii)Discovery of new antimicrobial agents and alternative therapies is crucial for AMR prevention in China.(iv)Artificial intelligence(AI)methods are promising to guide and accelerate research,including exploration of natural products and plant extracts.Overall,while the AMR research in China aligns with One Health principles,with the plant health sector surpassing global counterparts,food systems require enhanced efforts and cross-sectoral research,particularly in the development of effective AMR detection and surveillance technologies.This work demonstrates a replicable methodological framework for establishing and sustaining country-specific scientific evidence platforms,offering valuable datadriven support for synthesizing findings,decision-making,and developing current and future action plans to manage AMR from a One Health perspective.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the anti-infectious and antioxidant activities of hydroethanolic extract of Canarium schweinfurthii on broiler chickens infected by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium,known to be threatening...Objective:To evaluate the anti-infectious and antioxidant activities of hydroethanolic extract of Canarium schweinfurthii on broiler chickens infected by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium,known to be threatening public health.Methods:Animals were divided into six groups of eight animals per group:the normal control group,negative control group,positive control group and three test groups receiving the plant extract at 5,19 and 75 mg/kg bw,respecively.The evolution of the disease as well as the effectiveness of the treatment were monitored by stool culture from the second day post infection until the end of the treatment.In addition,the effects of treatment on growth performances and feed conversion efficiency of broilers were evaluated.For the assessment of antioxidant status,enzymatic and non-enzymatic biomarkers such as catalase,glutathione peroxidase,malondialdehyde and nitric oxide were evaluated in the serum and tissues of animals.Results:The infected chickens treated with oxytetracycline recovered on day 7 after treatment,while animals treated with 19 and 75 mg/kg of Canarium schweinfurthii extract recovered on day 9 and those with 5 mg/kg of the extract on day 10.Salmonella infection caused a decrease on catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities;the administration of various doses of Canarium schweinfurthii extract increased these enzymatic activities.Animals receiving the extract at 5 mg/kg showed a significant increase in catalase activity in serum,heart and lungs while all concentrations of the extract significantly increased glutathione peroxidase activity in the serum,liver and spleen.Concerning non-enzymatic biomarkers,Salmonella infection caused a significant increase of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde concentration in the liver and lungs.Treatment with 75 mg/kg of the extract significantly reduced nitric oxide concentration in the heart and lungs while each dose of the extract reduced and normalized the malondialdehyde level in the serum.Additionally,malondialdehyde production was significantly decreased in the liver,heart and lungs after administration of Canarium schweinfurthii extract at all doses.Conclusions:The hydroethanolic extract of Canarium schweinfurthii attenuates oxidative stress,and is effective in the treatment of avian salmonellosis.展开更多
Antimicrobial use in livestock is faced with various challenges including emergence of antimicrobial resistance and presence of drug residues in meat products,hence the need for alternatives.The aim of this work was t...Antimicrobial use in livestock is faced with various challenges including emergence of antimicrobial resistance and presence of drug residues in meat products,hence the need for alternatives.The aim of this work was to assess the effect a plant(Zehneria scabra)extract on Salmonella infected quails,as an alternative to antibiotic therapy.Quails were randomly assigned into six groups each containing twelve birds.The neutral control(T0)group was not infected and received tap water whereas other groups were infected.The negative control(T-)received tap water.The positive control(T+)received a single dose of oxytetracycline(20 mg/kg).T1,T2 andT3 orally received the plant extract at the following respective doses:9,18 and 37 mg/kg.Quails were infected by oral administration of a single dose of Salmonella Enteritidis(10^(5)CFU).Haematological and biochemical parameters were evaluated.From day 2 to day 9 to day 16,the bacterial load of all treatment groups(T+,T1,T2,T3)decreased.The infection resulted in a significant(p<0.05)increase in serum levels of alanine aminotransferase,triglycerides,total cholesterol and white blood cells,and a significant decrease in the liver and kidney protein content.The treatment resulted in the correction of the aforementioned effects.The plant extract(18 mg/kg)is as effective as oxytetracycline,and can be safely used in phytomedicine for the treatment of Salmonella Enteritidis infection without kidney and liver damage.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42021005,21936006)Ningbo S&T project(2021-DST-004)。
文摘Antimicrobial resistance(AMR)presents a multifaceted health threat to humans,animals,plants,food systems,and environments.In response,China initiated extensive research to understand and address AMR.However,there has been a lack of analysis and synthesis of research results at the national level.This study establishes a national AMR knowledge repository through the systematic analysis of over 44,000 scientific publications(2000–2024),employing a machine learning framework that combines transformer-based language models and cluster analysis.Natural language processing(NLP)was used to identify key AMR research topics,subtopics,and AMR detection methods across One Health sectors,including changes over time.Main findings include:(i)China's AMR research in human health aligns with societal disease burdens,yet gaps exist for pathogens like Clostridium difficile and Hepatitis B virus,despite their significant risks in China.(ii)While AMR research in probiotics is increasing,potential risks of AMR transmission associated with their use are often underestimated,particularly regarding the post-marketing surveillance and standardization of probiotic products.(iii)Discovery of new antimicrobial agents and alternative therapies is crucial for AMR prevention in China.(iv)Artificial intelligence(AI)methods are promising to guide and accelerate research,including exploration of natural products and plant extracts.Overall,while the AMR research in China aligns with One Health principles,with the plant health sector surpassing global counterparts,food systems require enhanced efforts and cross-sectoral research,particularly in the development of effective AMR detection and surveillance technologies.This work demonstrates a replicable methodological framework for establishing and sustaining country-specific scientific evidence platforms,offering valuable datadriven support for synthesizing findings,decision-making,and developing current and future action plans to manage AMR from a One Health perspective.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the anti-infectious and antioxidant activities of hydroethanolic extract of Canarium schweinfurthii on broiler chickens infected by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium,known to be threatening public health.Methods:Animals were divided into six groups of eight animals per group:the normal control group,negative control group,positive control group and three test groups receiving the plant extract at 5,19 and 75 mg/kg bw,respecively.The evolution of the disease as well as the effectiveness of the treatment were monitored by stool culture from the second day post infection until the end of the treatment.In addition,the effects of treatment on growth performances and feed conversion efficiency of broilers were evaluated.For the assessment of antioxidant status,enzymatic and non-enzymatic biomarkers such as catalase,glutathione peroxidase,malondialdehyde and nitric oxide were evaluated in the serum and tissues of animals.Results:The infected chickens treated with oxytetracycline recovered on day 7 after treatment,while animals treated with 19 and 75 mg/kg of Canarium schweinfurthii extract recovered on day 9 and those with 5 mg/kg of the extract on day 10.Salmonella infection caused a decrease on catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities;the administration of various doses of Canarium schweinfurthii extract increased these enzymatic activities.Animals receiving the extract at 5 mg/kg showed a significant increase in catalase activity in serum,heart and lungs while all concentrations of the extract significantly increased glutathione peroxidase activity in the serum,liver and spleen.Concerning non-enzymatic biomarkers,Salmonella infection caused a significant increase of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde concentration in the liver and lungs.Treatment with 75 mg/kg of the extract significantly reduced nitric oxide concentration in the heart and lungs while each dose of the extract reduced and normalized the malondialdehyde level in the serum.Additionally,malondialdehyde production was significantly decreased in the liver,heart and lungs after administration of Canarium schweinfurthii extract at all doses.Conclusions:The hydroethanolic extract of Canarium schweinfurthii attenuates oxidative stress,and is effective in the treatment of avian salmonellosis.
文摘Antimicrobial use in livestock is faced with various challenges including emergence of antimicrobial resistance and presence of drug residues in meat products,hence the need for alternatives.The aim of this work was to assess the effect a plant(Zehneria scabra)extract on Salmonella infected quails,as an alternative to antibiotic therapy.Quails were randomly assigned into six groups each containing twelve birds.The neutral control(T0)group was not infected and received tap water whereas other groups were infected.The negative control(T-)received tap water.The positive control(T+)received a single dose of oxytetracycline(20 mg/kg).T1,T2 andT3 orally received the plant extract at the following respective doses:9,18 and 37 mg/kg.Quails were infected by oral administration of a single dose of Salmonella Enteritidis(10^(5)CFU).Haematological and biochemical parameters were evaluated.From day 2 to day 9 to day 16,the bacterial load of all treatment groups(T+,T1,T2,T3)decreased.The infection resulted in a significant(p<0.05)increase in serum levels of alanine aminotransferase,triglycerides,total cholesterol and white blood cells,and a significant decrease in the liver and kidney protein content.The treatment resulted in the correction of the aforementioned effects.The plant extract(18 mg/kg)is as effective as oxytetracycline,and can be safely used in phytomedicine for the treatment of Salmonella Enteritidis infection without kidney and liver damage.
