As the Philippines celebrated the 2nd Asia Laboratory Animal Day(ALAD)last November 29,2025,the Philippine Association for Laboratory Animal Sciences(PALAS)reflected on a year marked by growth,collaboration,and renewe...As the Philippines celebrated the 2nd Asia Laboratory Animal Day(ALAD)last November 29,2025,the Philippine Association for Laboratory Animal Sciences(PALAS)reflected on a year marked by growth,collaboration,and renewed commitment to ethical and scientific excellence in animal-based research.Throughout 2025,PALAS has continued to strengthen the laboratory animal science community by advancing education,capacity building,policy advocacy,and regional cooperation.These efforts underscore PALAS’vital role in shaping a culture of responsible animal research aligned with international standards.展开更多
Remembrance activities can support the Culture of Care(CoC)in Laboratory Animal Science(LAS)not only by promoting a culture of respect,gratitude and thankfulness for animal life but also by helping the emotional proce...Remembrance activities can support the Culture of Care(CoC)in Laboratory Animal Science(LAS)not only by promoting a culture of respect,gratitude and thankfulness for animal life but also by helping the emotional processing and healing of lab animal researchers and animal facility staff.Even though remembrance activities are practiced in many parts of the world,we did not come across any reported cases in Sri Lanka before 2022.Therefore,here,we report on the various remembrance activities and practices observed within our local scientific community.展开更多
Human herpesvirus,a specific group within the herpesvirus family,is responsible for a variety of human diseases.These viruses can infect humans and other vertebrates,primarily targeting the skin,mucous membranes,and n...Human herpesvirus,a specific group within the herpesvirus family,is responsible for a variety of human diseases.These viruses can infect humans and other vertebrates,primarily targeting the skin,mucous membranes,and neural tissues,thereby signifi-cantly impacting the health of both humans and animals.Animal models are crucial for studying virus pathogenesis,vaccine development,and drug testing.Despite several vaccine candidates being in preclinical and clinical stages,no vaccines are current available to prevent lifelong infections caused by these human herpesviruses,except for varicella-zoster virus(VZV)vaccine.However,the strict host tropism of herpes-viruses and other limitations mean that no single animal model can fully replicate all key features of human herpesvirus-associated diseases.This makes it challeng-ing to evaluate vaccines and antivirals against human herpesvirus comprehensively.Herein,we summarize the current animal models used to study the human herpesvi-ruses includingα-herpesviruses(herpes simplex virus type 1(HSV-1),HSV-2,VZV),β-herpesviruses(human cytomegalovirus(HCMV),γ-herpesviruses(Epstein-Barr virus(EBV))and Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus(KSHV)).By providing concise information and detailed analysis of the potential,limitations and applications of various models,such as non-human primates,mice,rabbits,guinea pigs,and tree shrews,this sum-mary aims to help researchers efficiently select the most appropriate animal model,offering practical guidance for studying human herpesvirus.展开更多
Rotavirus infections cause severe gastroenteritis and dehydration in young children and animals worldwide,leading to high rates of morbidity and mortality,predominantly in low-and middleincome countries.In the past de...Rotavirus infections cause severe gastroenteritis and dehydration in young children and animals worldwide,leading to high rates of morbidity and mortality,predominantly in low-and middleincome countries.In the past decade,substantial progress has been made in the development and implementation of rotavirus vaccines,which have been essential in alleviating the global burden of this disease,not only in human being but also in livestock species like calves and piglets,where these infections can cause significant economic losses.By synthesizing the latest research and real-world evidence,this review article is designated to provide deep insights into the current state of rotavirus vaccine technology and its global implementation as well as the application of rotavirus vaccines in veterinary settings and their importance in controlling zoonotic transmission and maintaining food security.展开更多
Background:The maturation of the immune system is critical during early life,as it involves the differentiation,maturation,and establishment of immune tolerance of immune cells.This process is influenced not only by g...Background:The maturation of the immune system is critical during early life,as it involves the differentiation,maturation,and establishment of immune tolerance of immune cells.This process is influenced not only by genetic factors but also by en-vironmental factors,particularly the symbiotic microbiota.Bifidobacterium animalis subsp.lactis(BB-12),originally found in dairy products,is widely used in infant for-mula and dietary supplements.However,its role and mechanisms in immune develop-ment during early life remain unclear.Methods:Using GF mice as the experimental model,B.animalis subsp.lactis BB-12 was administered via gavage during early life.In the juvenile stage,changes in T-cell subsets in the spleen,thymus,and gut intraepithelial lymphocytes(IEL)were assessed using spectral flow cytometry.Additionally,targeted metabolomics analysis of trypto-phan metabolism and short-chain fatty acid pathways in colonic tissue was conducted to explore how B.animalis subsp.lactis BB-12 influences the immune system through gut microbiota metabolism.Results:BB-12 effectively modulates the gut immune microenvironment,leading to beneficial changes in T-cell subsets in key immune tissues such as the spleen,thymus,and gut IELs.Metabolomics analysis further supports these findings by showing that BB-12 intervention greatly increased the production of tryptophan derivatives and acetic acid in the colon of GF mice.Conclusion:The findings provide theoretical evidence for the role of B.animalis subsp.lactis in immune system development and support its application in dietary supple-ments,suggesting potential as a component for infant immune health and in prevent-ing immune-related diseases.展开更多
Although hypertension is a frequently seen chronic condition across the world,its exact cause remains unclear.Animal models are beneficial for clarifying the pathogenic mechanism of hypertension and examining new trea...Although hypertension is a frequently seen chronic condition across the world,its exact cause remains unclear.Animal models are beneficial for clarifying the pathogenic mechanism of hypertension and examining new treatments.An optimal animal model for studies on hypertension must well mimic human-like hemodynamics and pathophysiological structural modification,showing human disease features and complications timely or even ahead of time.A review of the most frequently used hypertensive animal models available,including small and large animals,induced and genetic models,would provide an insight into the appropriate targets to be addressed in the development of different hypertensive animal models.Another focus of the review are the processes of target-organs injury caused by high blood pressure,which mainly influences human health.展开更多
Xenotransplantation, that is, the transplantation of cells, tissues, and organs between species, is a rapidly developing alternative to classical transplantology in human medicine. Since the first successful kidney tr...Xenotransplantation, that is, the transplantation of cells, tissues, and organs between species, is a rapidly developing alternative to classical transplantology in human medicine. Since the first successful kidney transplant in 1954, transplant medicine has made enormous progress. Until today, there are numerous patients worldwide waiting for an organ to be transplanted, and the number is still increasing, whereas the number of available organs is decreasing. One promising solution to this critical issue is the breeding of genetically modified animals as potential donors, which has gained the attention of scientists over the past two decades. Recent advancements in xenotransplantation have led to successful transfers of genetically modified pig organs into human recipients. Particularly, pig kidneys have been transplanted into living humans, demonstrating normal postsurgical function. Additionally, pig lungs functioned for 9 days in a brain-dead individual without experiencing hyperacute rejection. Furthermore, the successful xenotransplantation of pig hearts into living persons, exhibiting life-sustaining graft function, underscores significant progress toward clinically viable xenotransplants. This review provides an updated overview of the animal species and models used in xenotransplantation, with particular emphasis on the potential of transgenic pigs as donors. It discusses the process involved in producing the aforementioned animals, including the methods used to modify their genome. Particular attention is paid to immunological and genetic barriers, as well as zoonotic risks, and the possibilities and limitations of this technology. Although xenotransplantation is still in its experimental stage, it may play a crucial role in saving patients ' lives in the future.展开更多
Photodynamic therapy(PDT)is an emerging minimally invasive therapeutic modality that relies on the activation of a photosensitizing agent by light of a specific wavelength in the presence of molecular oxygen,leading t...Photodynamic therapy(PDT)is an emerging minimally invasive therapeutic modality that relies on the activation of a photosensitizing agent by light of a specific wavelength in the presence of molecular oxygen,leading to the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS).This mechanism facilitates selective cytotoxic effects within pathological tissues and has demonstrated therapeutic potential across diverse disease contexts.However,the broader clinical applications remain limited by photosensitizer selectivity,shallow light penetration,and the risk of off-target cytotoxicity.Recent advancements in PDT have focused on the development of next-generation photosensitizers,the integration of nanotechnology for enhanced delivery and targeting,and the strategic combination of PDT with complementary therapeutic approaches.Experimental animal models play a crucial role in validating the efficacy and safety of PDT,optimizing its therapeutic parameters,and determining its mechanisms of action.This review provides a comprehensive overview of PDT applications in various disease models,including oncological,infectious,and nonconventional indications.Special emphasis is placed on the importance of large animal models in PDT research,such as rabbits,pigs,dogs,and non-human primates,which provide experimental platforms that more closely resemble human physiological and pathological states.The use of these models for understanding the mechanisms of PDT,optimizing therapeutic regimens,and evaluating clinical outcomes is also discussed.This review aims to inform future directions in PDT research and emphasizes the importance of selecting appropriate preclinical animal models to facilitate successful clinical translation.展开更多
Multimorbidity—the co-occurrence of more than two chronic conditions in the same individual—is associated with premature death,diminished function,reduced quality of life,and increased societal burden.This complex s...Multimorbidity—the co-occurrence of more than two chronic conditions in the same individual—is associated with premature death,diminished function,reduced quality of life,and increased societal burden.This complex state involves dynamic interactions across multiple conditions,organ systems,and physiological pathways;yet research progress remains constrained by inadequate animal models that recapitulate human complexity.This review summarizes the predominant patterns of multimorbidity and evaluates current animal models spanning invertebrates,rodents,and large mammals.While no single model fully captures the multifaceted nature of human multimorbidity,we propose several strategic directions to address existing limitations:implementing a cross-species validation framework(from simple organisms to rodents to large mammals),standardizing protocols integrating multimodal risk factors,developing advanced non-animal models,and enhancing ethical oversight.Advancing multimorbidity models is crucial for decoding disease interactions and accelerating translation of research findings into improved patients outcomes.展开更多
Polyamines(putrescine,spermidine,and spermine)are aliphatic compounds ubiquitous in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.Positively charged polyamines bind to negatively charged macromolecules,such as nucleic acids and acidic p...Polyamines(putrescine,spermidine,and spermine)are aliphatic compounds ubiquitous in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.Positively charged polyamines bind to negatively charged macromolecules,such as nucleic acids and acidic phospholipids,and are involved in physiological activities including cell proliferation,differentiation,apoptosis and gene regulation.Intracellular polyamine levels are regulated by biosynthesis,catabolism and transport.Polyamines in the body originate from two primary sources:dietary intake and intestinal microbial metabolism.These polyamines are then transported into the bloodstream,through which they are distributed to various tissues and organs to exert their biological functions.Polyamines synthesized by intestinal microorganisms serve dual critical roles.First,they are essential for maintaining polyamine concentrations within the digestive tract.Second,through transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms,these microbial-derived polyamines modulate the expression of genes governing key processes in intestinal epithelial cells-including proliferation,migration,apoptosis,and cell-cell interactions.Collectively,these regulatory effects help maintain intestinal epithelial homeostasis and ensure the integrity of the gut barrier.In addition,polyamines interact with the gut microbiota to maintain intestinal homeostasis by promoting microbial growth,biofilm formation,swarming,and endocytosis vesicle production,etc.Supplementation with polyamines has been demonstrated to be important in regulating host intestinal microbial composition,enhancing nutrient absorption,and improving metabolism and immunity.In this review,we will focus on recent advances in the study of polyamine metabolism and transport in intestinal microbes and intestinal epithelial cells.We then summarize the scientific understanding of their roles in intestinal homeostasis,exploring the advances in cellular and molecular mechanisms of polyamines and their potential clinical applications,and providing a rationale for polyamine metabolism as an important target for the treatment of intestinal-based diseases.展开更多
BACKGROUND Epilepsy impacts millions of people,with many not responding to existing treatments.Some evidence links neuroinflammatory processes to epilepsy.Statins exhibit anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properti...BACKGROUND Epilepsy impacts millions of people,with many not responding to existing treatments.Some evidence links neuroinflammatory processes to epilepsy.Statins exhibit anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties,potentially offering antiepileptic effects.AIM To evaluate the anticonvulsant effects of rosuvastatin in animal models of epilepsy.METHODS Ninety-six albino mice were divided into 16 groups.In the maximal electroshock seizure(MES)model,eight groups received intraperitoneal vehicle,carbama-zepine,rosuvastatin,or a combination.Outcomes measured included seizure protection[tonic hind limb extension(THLE)],duration of THLE,seizure duration,and mortality.In the pentylenetetrazol(PTZ)model,eight groups were pretreated with vehicle,valproate,rosuvastatin,or a combination,with outcomes measured as seizure latency,seizure duration,and mortality.RESULTS In the MES model,rosuvastatin exhibited protection against THLE in a small percentage of mice.Rosuvastatin shortens the duration of THLE in a dose-dependent manner.However,none of these were statistically significant com-pared to the control group.The combination of rosuvastatin 10 mg/kg with carbamazepine 4 mg/kg resulted in a significant reduction in seizure duration compared to the control group,better than carbamazepine alone at 4 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg.In the PTZ model,rosuvastatin alone showed no significant effects on latency,duration of seizure,or mortality.However,rosuvastatin 10 mg/kg combined with valproate 100 mg/kg significantly delayed the onset of seizures,seizure duration and mortality percentage,better than valproate alone at 100 mg/kg.CONCLUSION Rosuvastatin enhanced the anticonvulsant effects of carbamazepine and valproate.Further studies are required to explore the antiepileptic potential of rosuvastatin at various doses,durations,dosage forms,routes and models.展开更多
The agricultural sector, encompassing agriculture, forestry, and land use, significantly contributes to global greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions, accounting for 23% of the total(IPCC 2019). It faces substantial challenges...The agricultural sector, encompassing agriculture, forestry, and land use, significantly contributes to global greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions, accounting for 23% of the total(IPCC 2019). It faces substantial challenges due to population growth and the urgent need to reduce its GHG emissions. Livestock husbandry, a crucial component of agriculture, accounts for a significant proportion of agricultural GHG emissions(Nugrahaeningtyas et al. 2024). Reducing emissions from livestock is essential not only for addressing climate change but also for protecting the ecological environment and achieving sustainable development. This is a critical task for the future of our planet and the well-being of future generations.展开更多
The livestock sector is a vital component of India's agricultural economy,providing essential support to rural communities and ensuring food security.Efficient reproductive performance is critical to sustaining li...The livestock sector is a vital component of India's agricultural economy,providing essential support to rural communities and ensuring food security.Efficient reproductive performance is critical to sustaining livestock productivity,yet age-related declines in both male and female fertility pose significant challenges.The current review highlights that male reproductive efficiency is closely tied to semen quality,which deteriorates with age due to oxidative stress,leading to reduced fertilizing capacity and embryonic developmental potential.Similarly,female reproductive longevity is predominantly influenced by ovarian health,which declines with age due to diminished oocyte quality and quantity.This decline is exacerbated by oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction,leading to reproductive senescence and reduced offspring viability.Understanding the mechanisms of reproductive aging and developing strategies to mitigate its effects are crucial for enhancing livestock productivity and sustaining the agrarian economy.展开更多
Zearalenone(ZEN)is a non-steroidal estrogenic mycotoxin biosynthesized by the polyketide reaction,which has estrogenic effects and triggers toxic effects,such as reproductive toxicity,hepatotoxicity,genotoxicity,and i...Zearalenone(ZEN)is a non-steroidal estrogenic mycotoxin biosynthesized by the polyketide reaction,which has estrogenic effects and triggers toxic effects,such as reproductive toxicity,hepatotoxicity,genotoxicity,and immunotoxicity in organism.Due to its impact on human and animal health and the economic losses engendered by ZEN,detoxification strategies for contaminated foods and feeds to reduce or eliminate the toxic effects of ZEN by chemical,physical and biological methods are crucial.Detoxification by microbial means has broad application prospects,with the advantages of high efficiency,high specificity,mild conditions of action,no harmful metabolites,and safety.It may help to improve the function of intestinal barriers so that the intestinal epithelial barrier is more resistant to mycotoxins,and other pathogenic microorganisms.This article provided an overview of the metabolic pathways and animal toxicity of ZEN in organism,and summarized the effects of the current research status,detoxification mechanisms and in vivo applications of ZEN biodetoxification,in order to provide a reference for the prevention and control of ZEN.展开更多
The One-Day Workshop on“Frontiers in Laboratory Animal Handling and Experimental Design:Bridging Ethics and Excellence”organized on the occasion of the Second Asia Laboratory Animal Day,offered a comprehensive learn...The One-Day Workshop on“Frontiers in Laboratory Animal Handling and Experimental Design:Bridging Ethics and Excellence”organized on the occasion of the Second Asia Laboratory Animal Day,offered a comprehensive learning experience that seamlessly integrated ethical principles,technical competencies,anatomical knowledge,and scientific methodology into a unified framework for responsible laboratory animal care.Centered around the theme“Good Science with Good Care,”the program highlighted that highquality,reproducible research is achievable only when humane practices,strict adherence to regulatory guidelines,and thoughtful experimental planning form the foundation of all laboratory work.展开更多
Cell lineage tracing is a key technology for describing the developmental history of individual progenitor cells and assembling them to form a lineage development tree.However,traditional methods have limitations of p...Cell lineage tracing is a key technology for describing the developmental history of individual progenitor cells and assembling them to form a lineage development tree.However,traditional methods have limitations of poor stability and insufficient reso-lution.As an efficient and flexible gene editing tool,CRISPR-Cas9 system has been widely used in biological research.Furthermore,CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing-based tracing methods can introduce fluorescent proteins,reporter genes,or DNA barcodes for high-throughput sequencing,enabling precise lineage analysis,significantly im-proving precision and resolution,and expanding its application range.In this review,we summarize applications of CRISPR-Cas9 system in cell lineage tracing,with special emphasis on its successful applications in traditional model animals(e.g.,zebrafish and mice),large animal models(pigs),and human cells or organoids.We also discussed its potential prospects and challenges in xenotransplantation and regenerative medicine.展开更多
Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)constitutes 90%of oral tumors.Advanced cases severely impair patients'life quality of life due to anatomical location and limited therapies.Conventional treatments often induce dr...Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)constitutes 90%of oral tumors.Advanced cases severely impair patients'life quality of life due to anatomical location and limited therapies.Conventional treatments often induce drug resistance or recurrence.Patientderived xenograft(PDX)models are widely used to simulate tumor progression and drug responses,serving as translational tools for precision medicine.This study aimed to establish drug-resistant OSCC PDX models.Human OSCC tissues were transplanted into immunodeficient mice and passaged(P1–P2).At P2(tumor volume:40–80 mm^(3)),mice received cisplatin(1 mg/kg,three times/week)with cetuximab(1 mg/kg,weekly),GSK690693(10 mg/kg,five times/week),or rapamycin(4 mg/kg,five times/week).PDX tissues from groups with less-therapeutic response(manifested as larger tumor volumes)were serially passaged to assess treatment efficacy.Tumor tissues with diminished drug sensitivity underwent histopathological analysis and identified stability of their tumor characteristics using hematoxylin–eosin(HE)and immunohistochemical staining after one additional passage and retreatment.Results demonstrated that successive passaging accelerates tumor growth.First-generation treatments showed universal sensitivity.At P2,cisplatin–cetuximab and rapamycin groups remained sensitive,whereas GSK690693 efficacy declined.Continued passaging of GSK690693-treated tumors confirmed resistance,as evidenced by exhibiting enhanced malignant characteristics at histological level.The GSK690693-resistant model was established first,whereas resistant models of other treatment groups were established according to similar protocols.These findings suggest that sequential passaging and drug exposure in PDX models recapitulated clinical tumor evolution,enabling the development of drug-resistant OSCC models.This study can offer methodological insights for precision therapy of OSCC.展开更多
Against the backdrop of a new era that commands the attention of scholars worldwide,and on a scientific research journey filled with both hope and challenges,Animal Models and Experimental Medicine(AMEM),as a beacon g...Against the backdrop of a new era that commands the attention of scholars worldwide,and on a scientific research journey filled with both hope and challenges,Animal Models and Experimental Medicine(AMEM),as a beacon guiding innovation and rigorous research in the field of animal models and experimental medicine,has once again shone brightly in 2024.With an impact factor of 3.8,a JCI and JCR Q2 ranking,and a CiteScore of 6.3,the journal has demonstrated a continuous rise in its influence and academic status.展开更多
Background:Achromobacter xylosoxidans(A.xylosoxidans)subspecies strains are known to be opportunistic environmental inhabitants.Among the two species,A.xylosoxidans ssp.xylosoxidans is more commonly reported cause of ...Background:Achromobacter xylosoxidans(A.xylosoxidans)subspecies strains are known to be opportunistic environmental inhabitants.Among the two species,A.xylosoxidans ssp.xylosoxidans is more commonly reported cause of nosocomial infections colonizing the hospital environment and medical devices,while A.xylosoxidans ssp.denitrificans(AD)strains are widely distributed in the abiotic environment.The present retrospective observational study was aimed at understanding the occurrence of AD infections in the Bareilly region,and to look into the effective herbal and conventional antimicrobial resistance profile of the strains identified at the laboratory.Methods:The present retrospective study analysed Clinical Microbiology laboratory data of Indian veterinary research Institute.The data for the last 14 years(2011-2024)was retrieved,tabulated and analysed using MS Excel program to determine significance of occurrence,and variation in antimicrobial resistance of the strains isolated from different sources usingχ2 and odds ratio analysis.Results:The study revealed that AD was detectable as a potential pathogen not only from environmental samples but also from 51 clinical cases(either as pure culture or mixed infection),and also from healthy humans and animals.The pathogen was most commonly associated with deaths in animals and birds due to septicaemia and was isolated is single pathogen from blood samples.It was also detected as single pathogen from cases of abortions,metritis,and urinary tract infections.However,from cases of haemorrhagic enteritis,diarrhoea,mastitis,wound infections,pyoderma and abscesses,and middle ear infections AD was isolated in association of one or more potentially pathogenic bacteria.Of the 80 isolates in the study,68 had multiple drug resistance,and 21 produced metallo-β-lactamases responsible for resistance against most of theβ-lactam antibiotics,including cephalosporins and carbapenems.The most effective antibiotic was gentamicin,inhibiting 90.67%of the isolates,followed by tigecycline(85.00%),ciprofloxacin(80.77%),piperacillin tazobactam(80.65%);other antibiotics were effective against less than 80%of the isolates.Among the herbal antimicrobials,cinnamaldehyde,cinnamon oil,carvacrol,and ajowan oil inhibited 98.41%,85.07%,85.00%,and 83.75%of the isolates,respectively.Conclusion:The study concluded that in the Bareilly region in India,multiple-drug-resistance AD may be an emerging pathogen prevalent in environment and apparently healthy animals.More studies are warranted to understand the AD strains at molecular level to understand their zoonotic potential and circulation in the environment.展开更多
Humans and animals are in regular and at times close contact in modern intensive farming systems.The quality of human-animal interactions can have a profound impact on the productivity and welfare of farm animals.Inte...Humans and animals are in regular and at times close contact in modern intensive farming systems.The quality of human-animal interactions can have a profound impact on the productivity and welfare of farm animals.Interactions by humans may be neutral,positive or negative in nature.Regular pleasant contact with humans may result in desirable alterations in the physiology,behaviour,health and productivity of farm animals.On the contrary,animals that were subjected to aversive human contact were highly fearful of humans and their growth and reproductive performance could be compromised.Farm animals are particularly sensitive to human stimulation that occurs early in life,while many systems of the animals are still developing.This may have long-lasting impact and could possibly modify their genetic potential.The question as to how human contact can have a positive impact on responses to stressors,and productivity is not well understood.Recent work in our laboratory suggested that pleasant human contact may alter ability to tolerate various stressors through enhanced heat shock protein（hsp） 70 expression.The induction of hsp is often associated with increased tolerance to environmental stressors and disease resistance in animals.The attitude and consequent behaviour of stockpeople affect the animals＇ fear of human which eventually influence animals＇ productivity and welfare.Other than attitude and behaviour,technical skills,knowledge,job motivation,commitment and job satisfaction are prerequisites for high job performance.展开更多
文摘As the Philippines celebrated the 2nd Asia Laboratory Animal Day(ALAD)last November 29,2025,the Philippine Association for Laboratory Animal Sciences(PALAS)reflected on a year marked by growth,collaboration,and renewed commitment to ethical and scientific excellence in animal-based research.Throughout 2025,PALAS has continued to strengthen the laboratory animal science community by advancing education,capacity building,policy advocacy,and regional cooperation.These efforts underscore PALAS’vital role in shaping a culture of responsible animal research aligned with international standards.
文摘Remembrance activities can support the Culture of Care(CoC)in Laboratory Animal Science(LAS)not only by promoting a culture of respect,gratitude and thankfulness for animal life but also by helping the emotional processing and healing of lab animal researchers and animal facility staff.Even though remembrance activities are practiced in many parts of the world,we did not come across any reported cases in Sri Lanka before 2022.Therefore,here,we report on the various remembrance activities and practices observed within our local scientific community.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:82222041 and 82241068CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences,Grant/Award Number:2021-I2M-1-037 and 2023-I2M-2-001+1 种基金National Key Research and Development Project of China,Grant/Award Number:2023YFC2309000Beijing Natural Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:Z220018。
文摘Human herpesvirus,a specific group within the herpesvirus family,is responsible for a variety of human diseases.These viruses can infect humans and other vertebrates,primarily targeting the skin,mucous membranes,and neural tissues,thereby signifi-cantly impacting the health of both humans and animals.Animal models are crucial for studying virus pathogenesis,vaccine development,and drug testing.Despite several vaccine candidates being in preclinical and clinical stages,no vaccines are current available to prevent lifelong infections caused by these human herpesviruses,except for varicella-zoster virus(VZV)vaccine.However,the strict host tropism of herpes-viruses and other limitations mean that no single animal model can fully replicate all key features of human herpesvirus-associated diseases.This makes it challeng-ing to evaluate vaccines and antivirals against human herpesvirus comprehensively.Herein,we summarize the current animal models used to study the human herpesvi-ruses includingα-herpesviruses(herpes simplex virus type 1(HSV-1),HSV-2,VZV),β-herpesviruses(human cytomegalovirus(HCMV),γ-herpesviruses(Epstein-Barr virus(EBV))and Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus(KSHV)).By providing concise information and detailed analysis of the potential,limitations and applications of various models,such as non-human primates,mice,rabbits,guinea pigs,and tree shrews,this sum-mary aims to help researchers efficiently select the most appropriate animal model,offering practical guidance for studying human herpesvirus.
基金supported by the National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology(AML2023A02)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2662023DKPY004).
文摘Rotavirus infections cause severe gastroenteritis and dehydration in young children and animals worldwide,leading to high rates of morbidity and mortality,predominantly in low-and middleincome countries.In the past decade,substantial progress has been made in the development and implementation of rotavirus vaccines,which have been essential in alleviating the global burden of this disease,not only in human being but also in livestock species like calves and piglets,where these infections can cause significant economic losses.By synthesizing the latest research and real-world evidence,this review article is designated to provide deep insights into the current state of rotavirus vaccine technology and its global implementation as well as the application of rotavirus vaccines in veterinary settings and their importance in controlling zoonotic transmission and maintaining food security.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Programs of China(2022YFF0710701,2022YFF0710702)Guangzhou Key Research and Development Program(202206010157)+2 种基金Guangzhou Joint Fund for Key Laboratory(202201020381)Medical Joint Fund of Jinan University(YXJC202204)Open Research Project of the Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis and Infection Prevention and Control of the Ministry of Education(2023VPPC-R02).
文摘Background:The maturation of the immune system is critical during early life,as it involves the differentiation,maturation,and establishment of immune tolerance of immune cells.This process is influenced not only by genetic factors but also by en-vironmental factors,particularly the symbiotic microbiota.Bifidobacterium animalis subsp.lactis(BB-12),originally found in dairy products,is widely used in infant for-mula and dietary supplements.However,its role and mechanisms in immune develop-ment during early life remain unclear.Methods:Using GF mice as the experimental model,B.animalis subsp.lactis BB-12 was administered via gavage during early life.In the juvenile stage,changes in T-cell subsets in the spleen,thymus,and gut intraepithelial lymphocytes(IEL)were assessed using spectral flow cytometry.Additionally,targeted metabolomics analysis of trypto-phan metabolism and short-chain fatty acid pathways in colonic tissue was conducted to explore how B.animalis subsp.lactis BB-12 influences the immune system through gut microbiota metabolism.Results:BB-12 effectively modulates the gut immune microenvironment,leading to beneficial changes in T-cell subsets in key immune tissues such as the spleen,thymus,and gut IELs.Metabolomics analysis further supports these findings by showing that BB-12 intervention greatly increased the production of tryptophan derivatives and acetic acid in the colon of GF mice.Conclusion:The findings provide theoretical evidence for the role of B.animalis subsp.lactis in immune system development and support its application in dietary supple-ments,suggesting potential as a component for infant immune health and in prevent-ing immune-related diseases.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:82270289Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CAMS),Grant/Award Number:2021-I2M-1-035the National key research and development program,Grant/Award Number:2022YFF0710600。
文摘Although hypertension is a frequently seen chronic condition across the world,its exact cause remains unclear.Animal models are beneficial for clarifying the pathogenic mechanism of hypertension and examining new treatments.An optimal animal model for studies on hypertension must well mimic human-like hemodynamics and pathophysiological structural modification,showing human disease features and complications timely or even ahead of time.A review of the most frequently used hypertensive animal models available,including small and large animals,induced and genetic models,would provide an insight into the appropriate targets to be addressed in the development of different hypertensive animal models.Another focus of the review are the processes of target-organs injury caused by high blood pressure,which mainly influences human health.
基金IDUB Mobility Grant of the Nicolaus Copernicus University。
文摘Xenotransplantation, that is, the transplantation of cells, tissues, and organs between species, is a rapidly developing alternative to classical transplantology in human medicine. Since the first successful kidney transplant in 1954, transplant medicine has made enormous progress. Until today, there are numerous patients worldwide waiting for an organ to be transplanted, and the number is still increasing, whereas the number of available organs is decreasing. One promising solution to this critical issue is the breeding of genetically modified animals as potential donors, which has gained the attention of scientists over the past two decades. Recent advancements in xenotransplantation have led to successful transfers of genetically modified pig organs into human recipients. Particularly, pig kidneys have been transplanted into living humans, demonstrating normal postsurgical function. Additionally, pig lungs functioned for 9 days in a brain-dead individual without experiencing hyperacute rejection. Furthermore, the successful xenotransplantation of pig hearts into living persons, exhibiting life-sustaining graft function, underscores significant progress toward clinically viable xenotransplants. This review provides an updated overview of the animal species and models used in xenotransplantation, with particular emphasis on the potential of transgenic pigs as donors. It discusses the process involved in producing the aforementioned animals, including the methods used to modify their genome. Particular attention is paid to immunological and genetic barriers, as well as zoonotic risks, and the possibilities and limitations of this technology. Although xenotransplantation is still in its experimental stage, it may play a crucial role in saving patients ' lives in the future.
基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024M751098,2024M761134)Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission Program(ZKJCFGW2023015)+1 种基金Wenzhou Science&Technology Bureau Basic Public Welfare Research Program(Y20240006)Jilin University Young Teachers and Students Cross-disciplinary Training Project(2023-JCXK-08)。
文摘Photodynamic therapy(PDT)is an emerging minimally invasive therapeutic modality that relies on the activation of a photosensitizing agent by light of a specific wavelength in the presence of molecular oxygen,leading to the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS).This mechanism facilitates selective cytotoxic effects within pathological tissues and has demonstrated therapeutic potential across diverse disease contexts.However,the broader clinical applications remain limited by photosensitizer selectivity,shallow light penetration,and the risk of off-target cytotoxicity.Recent advancements in PDT have focused on the development of next-generation photosensitizers,the integration of nanotechnology for enhanced delivery and targeting,and the strategic combination of PDT with complementary therapeutic approaches.Experimental animal models play a crucial role in validating the efficacy and safety of PDT,optimizing its therapeutic parameters,and determining its mechanisms of action.This review provides a comprehensive overview of PDT applications in various disease models,including oncological,infectious,and nonconventional indications.Special emphasis is placed on the importance of large animal models in PDT research,such as rabbits,pigs,dogs,and non-human primates,which provide experimental platforms that more closely resemble human physiological and pathological states.The use of these models for understanding the mechanisms of PDT,optimizing therapeutic regimens,and evaluating clinical outcomes is also discussed.This review aims to inform future directions in PDT research and emphasizes the importance of selecting appropriate preclinical animal models to facilitate successful clinical translation.
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2023-I2M-2-001)the State Key Laboratory Special Fund(2060204)+1 种基金the Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(2023-PT180-01)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program of China Association for Science and Technology(grant 2020QNRC001).
文摘Multimorbidity—the co-occurrence of more than two chronic conditions in the same individual—is associated with premature death,diminished function,reduced quality of life,and increased societal burden.This complex state involves dynamic interactions across multiple conditions,organ systems,and physiological pathways;yet research progress remains constrained by inadequate animal models that recapitulate human complexity.This review summarizes the predominant patterns of multimorbidity and evaluates current animal models spanning invertebrates,rodents,and large mammals.While no single model fully captures the multifaceted nature of human multimorbidity,we propose several strategic directions to address existing limitations:implementing a cross-species validation framework(from simple organisms to rodents to large mammals),standardizing protocols integrating multimodal risk factors,developing advanced non-animal models,and enhancing ethical oversight.Advancing multimorbidity models is crucial for decoding disease interactions and accelerating translation of research findings into improved patients outcomes.
基金supported by projects from the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Major Science and Technology"Revealing the List and Taking Command"Project(2023AB078)the Ministry of Science and Technology High-end Foreign Expert Project(G2023014066L)the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Engineering Special Project(NCG202232).
文摘Polyamines(putrescine,spermidine,and spermine)are aliphatic compounds ubiquitous in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.Positively charged polyamines bind to negatively charged macromolecules,such as nucleic acids and acidic phospholipids,and are involved in physiological activities including cell proliferation,differentiation,apoptosis and gene regulation.Intracellular polyamine levels are regulated by biosynthesis,catabolism and transport.Polyamines in the body originate from two primary sources:dietary intake and intestinal microbial metabolism.These polyamines are then transported into the bloodstream,through which they are distributed to various tissues and organs to exert their biological functions.Polyamines synthesized by intestinal microorganisms serve dual critical roles.First,they are essential for maintaining polyamine concentrations within the digestive tract.Second,through transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms,these microbial-derived polyamines modulate the expression of genes governing key processes in intestinal epithelial cells-including proliferation,migration,apoptosis,and cell-cell interactions.Collectively,these regulatory effects help maintain intestinal epithelial homeostasis and ensure the integrity of the gut barrier.In addition,polyamines interact with the gut microbiota to maintain intestinal homeostasis by promoting microbial growth,biofilm formation,swarming,and endocytosis vesicle production,etc.Supplementation with polyamines has been demonstrated to be important in regulating host intestinal microbial composition,enhancing nutrient absorption,and improving metabolism and immunity.In this review,we will focus on recent advances in the study of polyamine metabolism and transport in intestinal microbes and intestinal epithelial cells.We then summarize the scientific understanding of their roles in intestinal homeostasis,exploring the advances in cellular and molecular mechanisms of polyamines and their potential clinical applications,and providing a rationale for polyamine metabolism as an important target for the treatment of intestinal-based diseases.
文摘BACKGROUND Epilepsy impacts millions of people,with many not responding to existing treatments.Some evidence links neuroinflammatory processes to epilepsy.Statins exhibit anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties,potentially offering antiepileptic effects.AIM To evaluate the anticonvulsant effects of rosuvastatin in animal models of epilepsy.METHODS Ninety-six albino mice were divided into 16 groups.In the maximal electroshock seizure(MES)model,eight groups received intraperitoneal vehicle,carbama-zepine,rosuvastatin,or a combination.Outcomes measured included seizure protection[tonic hind limb extension(THLE)],duration of THLE,seizure duration,and mortality.In the pentylenetetrazol(PTZ)model,eight groups were pretreated with vehicle,valproate,rosuvastatin,or a combination,with outcomes measured as seizure latency,seizure duration,and mortality.RESULTS In the MES model,rosuvastatin exhibited protection against THLE in a small percentage of mice.Rosuvastatin shortens the duration of THLE in a dose-dependent manner.However,none of these were statistically significant com-pared to the control group.The combination of rosuvastatin 10 mg/kg with carbamazepine 4 mg/kg resulted in a significant reduction in seizure duration compared to the control group,better than carbamazepine alone at 4 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg.In the PTZ model,rosuvastatin alone showed no significant effects on latency,duration of seizure,or mortality.However,rosuvastatin 10 mg/kg combined with valproate 100 mg/kg significantly delayed the onset of seizures,seizure duration and mortality percentage,better than valproate alone at 100 mg/kg.CONCLUSION Rosuvastatin enhanced the anticonvulsant effects of carbamazepine and valproate.Further studies are required to explore the antiepileptic potential of rosuvastatin at various doses,durations,dosage forms,routes and models.
文摘The agricultural sector, encompassing agriculture, forestry, and land use, significantly contributes to global greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions, accounting for 23% of the total(IPCC 2019). It faces substantial challenges due to population growth and the urgent need to reduce its GHG emissions. Livestock husbandry, a crucial component of agriculture, accounts for a significant proportion of agricultural GHG emissions(Nugrahaeningtyas et al. 2024). Reducing emissions from livestock is essential not only for addressing climate change but also for protecting the ecological environment and achieving sustainable development. This is a critical task for the future of our planet and the well-being of future generations.
文摘The livestock sector is a vital component of India's agricultural economy,providing essential support to rural communities and ensuring food security.Efficient reproductive performance is critical to sustaining livestock productivity,yet age-related declines in both male and female fertility pose significant challenges.The current review highlights that male reproductive efficiency is closely tied to semen quality,which deteriorates with age due to oxidative stress,leading to reduced fertilizing capacity and embryonic developmental potential.Similarly,female reproductive longevity is predominantly influenced by ovarian health,which declines with age due to diminished oocyte quality and quantity.This decline is exacerbated by oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction,leading to reproductive senescence and reduced offspring viability.Understanding the mechanisms of reproductive aging and developing strategies to mitigate its effects are crucial for enhancing livestock productivity and sustaining the agrarian economy.
基金Supported by China Agriculture Research System(CARS-35)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China(LH2021C038)。
文摘Zearalenone(ZEN)is a non-steroidal estrogenic mycotoxin biosynthesized by the polyketide reaction,which has estrogenic effects and triggers toxic effects,such as reproductive toxicity,hepatotoxicity,genotoxicity,and immunotoxicity in organism.Due to its impact on human and animal health and the economic losses engendered by ZEN,detoxification strategies for contaminated foods and feeds to reduce or eliminate the toxic effects of ZEN by chemical,physical and biological methods are crucial.Detoxification by microbial means has broad application prospects,with the advantages of high efficiency,high specificity,mild conditions of action,no harmful metabolites,and safety.It may help to improve the function of intestinal barriers so that the intestinal epithelial barrier is more resistant to mycotoxins,and other pathogenic microorganisms.This article provided an overview of the metabolic pathways and animal toxicity of ZEN in organism,and summarized the effects of the current research status,detoxification mechanisms and in vivo applications of ZEN biodetoxification,in order to provide a reference for the prevention and control of ZEN.
文摘The One-Day Workshop on“Frontiers in Laboratory Animal Handling and Experimental Design:Bridging Ethics and Excellence”organized on the occasion of the Second Asia Laboratory Animal Day,offered a comprehensive learning experience that seamlessly integrated ethical principles,technical competencies,anatomical knowledge,and scientific methodology into a unified framework for responsible laboratory animal care.Centered around the theme“Good Science with Good Care,”the program highlighted that highquality,reproducible research is achievable only when humane practices,strict adherence to regulatory guidelines,and thoughtful experimental planning form the foundation of all laboratory work.
基金supported by Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center,Peking Union Medical College,Collaborative Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(22SH19)Nonprofit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(2023-PT180-01).
文摘Cell lineage tracing is a key technology for describing the developmental history of individual progenitor cells and assembling them to form a lineage development tree.However,traditional methods have limitations of poor stability and insufficient reso-lution.As an efficient and flexible gene editing tool,CRISPR-Cas9 system has been widely used in biological research.Furthermore,CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing-based tracing methods can introduce fluorescent proteins,reporter genes,or DNA barcodes for high-throughput sequencing,enabling precise lineage analysis,significantly im-proving precision and resolution,and expanding its application range.In this review,we summarize applications of CRISPR-Cas9 system in cell lineage tracing,with special emphasis on its successful applications in traditional model animals(e.g.,zebrafish and mice),large animal models(pigs),and human cells or organoids.We also discussed its potential prospects and challenges in xenotransplantation and regenerative medicine.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:82173399Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST,Grant/Award Number:2022QNRC001+2 种基金Beijing Natural Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:7252096Beijing Natural Science Foundation-Haidian Original Innovation Joint Fund Project,Grant/Award Number:L222145CAMS&Comparative Medicine Center,PUMC (IACUC approval number:QC24002)
文摘Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)constitutes 90%of oral tumors.Advanced cases severely impair patients'life quality of life due to anatomical location and limited therapies.Conventional treatments often induce drug resistance or recurrence.Patientderived xenograft(PDX)models are widely used to simulate tumor progression and drug responses,serving as translational tools for precision medicine.This study aimed to establish drug-resistant OSCC PDX models.Human OSCC tissues were transplanted into immunodeficient mice and passaged(P1–P2).At P2(tumor volume:40–80 mm^(3)),mice received cisplatin(1 mg/kg,three times/week)with cetuximab(1 mg/kg,weekly),GSK690693(10 mg/kg,five times/week),or rapamycin(4 mg/kg,five times/week).PDX tissues from groups with less-therapeutic response(manifested as larger tumor volumes)were serially passaged to assess treatment efficacy.Tumor tissues with diminished drug sensitivity underwent histopathological analysis and identified stability of their tumor characteristics using hematoxylin–eosin(HE)and immunohistochemical staining after one additional passage and retreatment.Results demonstrated that successive passaging accelerates tumor growth.First-generation treatments showed universal sensitivity.At P2,cisplatin–cetuximab and rapamycin groups remained sensitive,whereas GSK690693 efficacy declined.Continued passaging of GSK690693-treated tumors confirmed resistance,as evidenced by exhibiting enhanced malignant characteristics at histological level.The GSK690693-resistant model was established first,whereas resistant models of other treatment groups were established according to similar protocols.These findings suggest that sequential passaging and drug exposure in PDX models recapitulated clinical tumor evolution,enabling the development of drug-resistant OSCC models.This study can offer methodological insights for precision therapy of OSCC.
文摘Against the backdrop of a new era that commands the attention of scholars worldwide,and on a scientific research journey filled with both hope and challenges,Animal Models and Experimental Medicine(AMEM),as a beacon guiding innovation and rigorous research in the field of animal models and experimental medicine,has once again shone brightly in 2024.With an impact factor of 3.8,a JCI and JCR Q2 ranking,and a CiteScore of 6.3,the journal has demonstrated a continuous rise in its influence and academic status.
基金supported by grants from CAAST-ACLH(NAHEP/CAAST/2018-19)of the ICAR-World Bank-funded National Agricultural Higher Education Project(NAHEP).
文摘Background:Achromobacter xylosoxidans(A.xylosoxidans)subspecies strains are known to be opportunistic environmental inhabitants.Among the two species,A.xylosoxidans ssp.xylosoxidans is more commonly reported cause of nosocomial infections colonizing the hospital environment and medical devices,while A.xylosoxidans ssp.denitrificans(AD)strains are widely distributed in the abiotic environment.The present retrospective observational study was aimed at understanding the occurrence of AD infections in the Bareilly region,and to look into the effective herbal and conventional antimicrobial resistance profile of the strains identified at the laboratory.Methods:The present retrospective study analysed Clinical Microbiology laboratory data of Indian veterinary research Institute.The data for the last 14 years(2011-2024)was retrieved,tabulated and analysed using MS Excel program to determine significance of occurrence,and variation in antimicrobial resistance of the strains isolated from different sources usingχ2 and odds ratio analysis.Results:The study revealed that AD was detectable as a potential pathogen not only from environmental samples but also from 51 clinical cases(either as pure culture or mixed infection),and also from healthy humans and animals.The pathogen was most commonly associated with deaths in animals and birds due to septicaemia and was isolated is single pathogen from blood samples.It was also detected as single pathogen from cases of abortions,metritis,and urinary tract infections.However,from cases of haemorrhagic enteritis,diarrhoea,mastitis,wound infections,pyoderma and abscesses,and middle ear infections AD was isolated in association of one or more potentially pathogenic bacteria.Of the 80 isolates in the study,68 had multiple drug resistance,and 21 produced metallo-β-lactamases responsible for resistance against most of theβ-lactam antibiotics,including cephalosporins and carbapenems.The most effective antibiotic was gentamicin,inhibiting 90.67%of the isolates,followed by tigecycline(85.00%),ciprofloxacin(80.77%),piperacillin tazobactam(80.65%);other antibiotics were effective against less than 80%of the isolates.Among the herbal antimicrobials,cinnamaldehyde,cinnamon oil,carvacrol,and ajowan oil inhibited 98.41%,85.07%,85.00%,and 83.75%of the isolates,respectively.Conclusion:The study concluded that in the Bareilly region in India,multiple-drug-resistance AD may be an emerging pathogen prevalent in environment and apparently healthy animals.More studies are warranted to understand the AD strains at molecular level to understand their zoonotic potential and circulation in the environment.
文摘Humans and animals are in regular and at times close contact in modern intensive farming systems.The quality of human-animal interactions can have a profound impact on the productivity and welfare of farm animals.Interactions by humans may be neutral,positive or negative in nature.Regular pleasant contact with humans may result in desirable alterations in the physiology,behaviour,health and productivity of farm animals.On the contrary,animals that were subjected to aversive human contact were highly fearful of humans and their growth and reproductive performance could be compromised.Farm animals are particularly sensitive to human stimulation that occurs early in life,while many systems of the animals are still developing.This may have long-lasting impact and could possibly modify their genetic potential.The question as to how human contact can have a positive impact on responses to stressors,and productivity is not well understood.Recent work in our laboratory suggested that pleasant human contact may alter ability to tolerate various stressors through enhanced heat shock protein（hsp） 70 expression.The induction of hsp is often associated with increased tolerance to environmental stressors and disease resistance in animals.The attitude and consequent behaviour of stockpeople affect the animals＇ fear of human which eventually influence animals＇ productivity and welfare.Other than attitude and behaviour,technical skills,knowledge,job motivation,commitment and job satisfaction are prerequisites for high job performance.
