Remembrance activities can support the Culture of Care(CoC)in Laboratory Animal Science(LAS)not only by promoting a culture of respect,gratitude and thankfulness for animal life but also by helping the emotional proce...Remembrance activities can support the Culture of Care(CoC)in Laboratory Animal Science(LAS)not only by promoting a culture of respect,gratitude and thankfulness for animal life but also by helping the emotional processing and healing of lab animal researchers and animal facility staff.Even though remembrance activities are practiced in many parts of the world,we did not come across any reported cases in Sri Lanka before 2022.Therefore,here,we report on the various remembrance activities and practices observed within our local scientific community.展开更多
Rotavirus infections cause severe gastroenteritis and dehydration in young children and animals worldwide,leading to high rates of morbidity and mortality,predominantly in low-and middleincome countries.In the past de...Rotavirus infections cause severe gastroenteritis and dehydration in young children and animals worldwide,leading to high rates of morbidity and mortality,predominantly in low-and middleincome countries.In the past decade,substantial progress has been made in the development and implementation of rotavirus vaccines,which have been essential in alleviating the global burden of this disease,not only in human being but also in livestock species like calves and piglets,where these infections can cause significant economic losses.By synthesizing the latest research and real-world evidence,this review article is designated to provide deep insights into the current state of rotavirus vaccine technology and its global implementation as well as the application of rotavirus vaccines in veterinary settings and their importance in controlling zoonotic transmission and maintaining food security.展开更多
Human herpesvirus,a specific group within the herpesvirus family,is responsible for a variety of human diseases.These viruses can infect humans and other vertebrates,primarily targeting the skin,mucous membranes,and n...Human herpesvirus,a specific group within the herpesvirus family,is responsible for a variety of human diseases.These viruses can infect humans and other vertebrates,primarily targeting the skin,mucous membranes,and neural tissues,thereby signifi-cantly impacting the health of both humans and animals.Animal models are crucial for studying virus pathogenesis,vaccine development,and drug testing.Despite several vaccine candidates being in preclinical and clinical stages,no vaccines are current available to prevent lifelong infections caused by these human herpesviruses,except for varicella-zoster virus(VZV)vaccine.However,the strict host tropism of herpes-viruses and other limitations mean that no single animal model can fully replicate all key features of human herpesvirus-associated diseases.This makes it challeng-ing to evaluate vaccines and antivirals against human herpesvirus comprehensively.Herein,we summarize the current animal models used to study the human herpesvi-ruses includingα-herpesviruses(herpes simplex virus type 1(HSV-1),HSV-2,VZV),β-herpesviruses(human cytomegalovirus(HCMV),γ-herpesviruses(Epstein-Barr virus(EBV))and Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus(KSHV)).By providing concise information and detailed analysis of the potential,limitations and applications of various models,such as non-human primates,mice,rabbits,guinea pigs,and tree shrews,this sum-mary aims to help researchers efficiently select the most appropriate animal model,offering practical guidance for studying human herpesvirus.展开更多
Photodynamic therapy(PDT)is an emerging minimally invasive therapeutic modality that relies on the activation of a photosensitizing agent by light of a specific wavelength in the presence of molecular oxygen,leading t...Photodynamic therapy(PDT)is an emerging minimally invasive therapeutic modality that relies on the activation of a photosensitizing agent by light of a specific wavelength in the presence of molecular oxygen,leading to the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS).This mechanism facilitates selective cytotoxic effects within pathological tissues and has demonstrated therapeutic potential across diverse disease contexts.However,the broader clinical applications remain limited by photosensitizer selectivity,shallow light penetration,and the risk of off-target cytotoxicity.Recent advancements in PDT have focused on the development of next-generation photosensitizers,the integration of nanotechnology for enhanced delivery and targeting,and the strategic combination of PDT with complementary therapeutic approaches.Experimental animal models play a crucial role in validating the efficacy and safety of PDT,optimizing its therapeutic parameters,and determining its mechanisms of action.This review provides a comprehensive overview of PDT applications in various disease models,including oncological,infectious,and nonconventional indications.Special emphasis is placed on the importance of large animal models in PDT research,such as rabbits,pigs,dogs,and non-human primates,which provide experimental platforms that more closely resemble human physiological and pathological states.The use of these models for understanding the mechanisms of PDT,optimizing therapeutic regimens,and evaluating clinical outcomes is also discussed.This review aims to inform future directions in PDT research and emphasizes the importance of selecting appropriate preclinical animal models to facilitate successful clinical translation.展开更多
Background:The maturation of the immune system is critical during early life,as it involves the differentiation,maturation,and establishment of immune tolerance of immune cells.This process is influenced not only by g...Background:The maturation of the immune system is critical during early life,as it involves the differentiation,maturation,and establishment of immune tolerance of immune cells.This process is influenced not only by genetic factors but also by en-vironmental factors,particularly the symbiotic microbiota.Bifidobacterium animalis subsp.lactis(BB-12),originally found in dairy products,is widely used in infant for-mula and dietary supplements.However,its role and mechanisms in immune develop-ment during early life remain unclear.Methods:Using GF mice as the experimental model,B.animalis subsp.lactis BB-12 was administered via gavage during early life.In the juvenile stage,changes in T-cell subsets in the spleen,thymus,and gut intraepithelial lymphocytes(IEL)were assessed using spectral flow cytometry.Additionally,targeted metabolomics analysis of trypto-phan metabolism and short-chain fatty acid pathways in colonic tissue was conducted to explore how B.animalis subsp.lactis BB-12 influences the immune system through gut microbiota metabolism.Results:BB-12 effectively modulates the gut immune microenvironment,leading to beneficial changes in T-cell subsets in key immune tissues such as the spleen,thymus,and gut IELs.Metabolomics analysis further supports these findings by showing that BB-12 intervention greatly increased the production of tryptophan derivatives and acetic acid in the colon of GF mice.Conclusion:The findings provide theoretical evidence for the role of B.animalis subsp.lactis in immune system development and support its application in dietary supple-ments,suggesting potential as a component for infant immune health and in prevent-ing immune-related diseases.展开更多
BACKGROUND Epilepsy impacts millions of people,with many not responding to existing treatments.Some evidence links neuroinflammatory processes to epilepsy.Statins exhibit anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properti...BACKGROUND Epilepsy impacts millions of people,with many not responding to existing treatments.Some evidence links neuroinflammatory processes to epilepsy.Statins exhibit anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties,potentially offering antiepileptic effects.AIM To evaluate the anticonvulsant effects of rosuvastatin in animal models of epilepsy.METHODS Ninety-six albino mice were divided into 16 groups.In the maximal electroshock seizure(MES)model,eight groups received intraperitoneal vehicle,carbama-zepine,rosuvastatin,or a combination.Outcomes measured included seizure protection[tonic hind limb extension(THLE)],duration of THLE,seizure duration,and mortality.In the pentylenetetrazol(PTZ)model,eight groups were pretreated with vehicle,valproate,rosuvastatin,or a combination,with outcomes measured as seizure latency,seizure duration,and mortality.RESULTS In the MES model,rosuvastatin exhibited protection against THLE in a small percentage of mice.Rosuvastatin shortens the duration of THLE in a dose-dependent manner.However,none of these were statistically significant com-pared to the control group.The combination of rosuvastatin 10 mg/kg with carbamazepine 4 mg/kg resulted in a significant reduction in seizure duration compared to the control group,better than carbamazepine alone at 4 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg.In the PTZ model,rosuvastatin alone showed no significant effects on latency,duration of seizure,or mortality.However,rosuvastatin 10 mg/kg combined with valproate 100 mg/kg significantly delayed the onset of seizures,seizure duration and mortality percentage,better than valproate alone at 100 mg/kg.CONCLUSION Rosuvastatin enhanced the anticonvulsant effects of carbamazepine and valproate.Further studies are required to explore the antiepileptic potential of rosuvastatin at various doses,durations,dosage forms,routes and models.展开更多
The agricultural sector, encompassing agriculture, forestry, and land use, significantly contributes to global greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions, accounting for 23% of the total(IPCC 2019). It faces substantial challenges...The agricultural sector, encompassing agriculture, forestry, and land use, significantly contributes to global greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions, accounting for 23% of the total(IPCC 2019). It faces substantial challenges due to population growth and the urgent need to reduce its GHG emissions. Livestock husbandry, a crucial component of agriculture, accounts for a significant proportion of agricultural GHG emissions(Nugrahaeningtyas et al. 2024). Reducing emissions from livestock is essential not only for addressing climate change but also for protecting the ecological environment and achieving sustainable development. This is a critical task for the future of our planet and the well-being of future generations.展开更多
The livestock sector is a vital component of India's agricultural economy,providing essential support to rural communities and ensuring food security.Efficient reproductive performance is critical to sustaining li...The livestock sector is a vital component of India's agricultural economy,providing essential support to rural communities and ensuring food security.Efficient reproductive performance is critical to sustaining livestock productivity,yet age-related declines in both male and female fertility pose significant challenges.The current review highlights that male reproductive efficiency is closely tied to semen quality,which deteriorates with age due to oxidative stress,leading to reduced fertilizing capacity and embryonic developmental potential.Similarly,female reproductive longevity is predominantly influenced by ovarian health,which declines with age due to diminished oocyte quality and quantity.This decline is exacerbated by oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction,leading to reproductive senescence and reduced offspring viability.Understanding the mechanisms of reproductive aging and developing strategies to mitigate its effects are crucial for enhancing livestock productivity and sustaining the agrarian economy.展开更多
Zearalenone(ZEN)is a non-steroidal estrogenic mycotoxin biosynthesized by the polyketide reaction,which has estrogenic effects and triggers toxic effects,such as reproductive toxicity,hepatotoxicity,genotoxicity,and i...Zearalenone(ZEN)is a non-steroidal estrogenic mycotoxin biosynthesized by the polyketide reaction,which has estrogenic effects and triggers toxic effects,such as reproductive toxicity,hepatotoxicity,genotoxicity,and immunotoxicity in organism.Due to its impact on human and animal health and the economic losses engendered by ZEN,detoxification strategies for contaminated foods and feeds to reduce or eliminate the toxic effects of ZEN by chemical,physical and biological methods are crucial.Detoxification by microbial means has broad application prospects,with the advantages of high efficiency,high specificity,mild conditions of action,no harmful metabolites,and safety.It may help to improve the function of intestinal barriers so that the intestinal epithelial barrier is more resistant to mycotoxins,and other pathogenic microorganisms.This article provided an overview of the metabolic pathways and animal toxicity of ZEN in organism,and summarized the effects of the current research status,detoxification mechanisms and in vivo applications of ZEN biodetoxification,in order to provide a reference for the prevention and control of ZEN.展开更多
Cell lineage tracing is a key technology for describing the developmental history of individual progenitor cells and assembling them to form a lineage development tree.However,traditional methods have limitations of p...Cell lineage tracing is a key technology for describing the developmental history of individual progenitor cells and assembling them to form a lineage development tree.However,traditional methods have limitations of poor stability and insufficient reso-lution.As an efficient and flexible gene editing tool,CRISPR-Cas9 system has been widely used in biological research.Furthermore,CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing-based tracing methods can introduce fluorescent proteins,reporter genes,or DNA barcodes for high-throughput sequencing,enabling precise lineage analysis,significantly im-proving precision and resolution,and expanding its application range.In this review,we summarize applications of CRISPR-Cas9 system in cell lineage tracing,with special emphasis on its successful applications in traditional model animals(e.g.,zebrafish and mice),large animal models(pigs),and human cells or organoids.We also discussed its potential prospects and challenges in xenotransplantation and regenerative medicine.展开更多
Polyamines(putrescine,spermidine,and spermine)are aliphatic compounds ubiquitous in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.Positively charged polyamines bind to negatively charged macromolecules,such as nucleic acids and acidic p...Polyamines(putrescine,spermidine,and spermine)are aliphatic compounds ubiquitous in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.Positively charged polyamines bind to negatively charged macromolecules,such as nucleic acids and acidic phospholipids,and are involved in physiological activities including cell proliferation,differentiation,apoptosis and gene regulation.Intracellular polyamine levels are regulated by biosynthesis,catabolism and transport.Polyamines in the body originate from two primary sources:dietary intake and intestinal microbial metabolism.These polyamines are then transported into the bloodstream,through which they are distributed to various tissues and organs to exert their biological functions.Polyamines synthesized by intestinal microorganisms serve dual critical roles.First,they are essential for maintaining polyamine concentrations within the digestive tract.Second,through transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms,these microbial-derived polyamines modulate the expression of genes governing key processes in intestinal epithelial cells-including proliferation,migration,apoptosis,and cell-cell interactions.Collectively,these regulatory effects help maintain intestinal epithelial homeostasis and ensure the integrity of the gut barrier.In addition,polyamines interact with the gut microbiota to maintain intestinal homeostasis by promoting microbial growth,biofilm formation,swarming,and endocytosis vesicle production,etc.Supplementation with polyamines has been demonstrated to be important in regulating host intestinal microbial composition,enhancing nutrient absorption,and improving metabolism and immunity.In this review,we will focus on recent advances in the study of polyamine metabolism and transport in intestinal microbes and intestinal epithelial cells.We then summarize the scientific understanding of their roles in intestinal homeostasis,exploring the advances in cellular and molecular mechanisms of polyamines and their potential clinical applications,and providing a rationale for polyamine metabolism as an important target for the treatment of intestinal-based diseases.展开更多
Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)constitutes 90%of oral tumors.Advanced cases severely impair patients'life quality of life due to anatomical location and limited therapies.Conventional treatments often induce dr...Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)constitutes 90%of oral tumors.Advanced cases severely impair patients'life quality of life due to anatomical location and limited therapies.Conventional treatments often induce drug resistance or recurrence.Patientderived xenograft(PDX)models are widely used to simulate tumor progression and drug responses,serving as translational tools for precision medicine.This study aimed to establish drug-resistant OSCC PDX models.Human OSCC tissues were transplanted into immunodeficient mice and passaged(P1–P2).At P2(tumor volume:40–80 mm^(3)),mice received cisplatin(1 mg/kg,three times/week)with cetuximab(1 mg/kg,weekly),GSK690693(10 mg/kg,five times/week),or rapamycin(4 mg/kg,five times/week).PDX tissues from groups with less-therapeutic response(manifested as larger tumor volumes)were serially passaged to assess treatment efficacy.Tumor tissues with diminished drug sensitivity underwent histopathological analysis and identified stability of their tumor characteristics using hematoxylin–eosin(HE)and immunohistochemical staining after one additional passage and retreatment.Results demonstrated that successive passaging accelerates tumor growth.First-generation treatments showed universal sensitivity.At P2,cisplatin–cetuximab and rapamycin groups remained sensitive,whereas GSK690693 efficacy declined.Continued passaging of GSK690693-treated tumors confirmed resistance,as evidenced by exhibiting enhanced malignant characteristics at histological level.The GSK690693-resistant model was established first,whereas resistant models of other treatment groups were established according to similar protocols.These findings suggest that sequential passaging and drug exposure in PDX models recapitulated clinical tumor evolution,enabling the development of drug-resistant OSCC models.This study can offer methodological insights for precision therapy of OSCC.展开更多
Against the backdrop of a new era that commands the attention of scholars worldwide,and on a scientific research journey filled with both hope and challenges,Animal Models and Experimental Medicine(AMEM),as a beacon g...Against the backdrop of a new era that commands the attention of scholars worldwide,and on a scientific research journey filled with both hope and challenges,Animal Models and Experimental Medicine(AMEM),as a beacon guiding innovation and rigorous research in the field of animal models and experimental medicine,has once again shone brightly in 2024.With an impact factor of 3.8,a JCI and JCR Q2 ranking,and a CiteScore of 6.3,the journal has demonstrated a continuous rise in its influence and academic status.展开更多
Background:Achromobacter xylosoxidans(A.xylosoxidans)subspecies strains are known to be opportunistic environmental inhabitants.Among the two species,A.xylosoxidans ssp.xylosoxidans is more commonly reported cause of ...Background:Achromobacter xylosoxidans(A.xylosoxidans)subspecies strains are known to be opportunistic environmental inhabitants.Among the two species,A.xylosoxidans ssp.xylosoxidans is more commonly reported cause of nosocomial infections colonizing the hospital environment and medical devices,while A.xylosoxidans ssp.denitrificans(AD)strains are widely distributed in the abiotic environment.The present retrospective observational study was aimed at understanding the occurrence of AD infections in the Bareilly region,and to look into the effective herbal and conventional antimicrobial resistance profile of the strains identified at the laboratory.Methods:The present retrospective study analysed Clinical Microbiology laboratory data of Indian veterinary research Institute.The data for the last 14 years(2011-2024)was retrieved,tabulated and analysed using MS Excel program to determine significance of occurrence,and variation in antimicrobial resistance of the strains isolated from different sources usingχ2 and odds ratio analysis.Results:The study revealed that AD was detectable as a potential pathogen not only from environmental samples but also from 51 clinical cases(either as pure culture or mixed infection),and also from healthy humans and animals.The pathogen was most commonly associated with deaths in animals and birds due to septicaemia and was isolated is single pathogen from blood samples.It was also detected as single pathogen from cases of abortions,metritis,and urinary tract infections.However,from cases of haemorrhagic enteritis,diarrhoea,mastitis,wound infections,pyoderma and abscesses,and middle ear infections AD was isolated in association of one or more potentially pathogenic bacteria.Of the 80 isolates in the study,68 had multiple drug resistance,and 21 produced metallo-β-lactamases responsible for resistance against most of theβ-lactam antibiotics,including cephalosporins and carbapenems.The most effective antibiotic was gentamicin,inhibiting 90.67%of the isolates,followed by tigecycline(85.00%),ciprofloxacin(80.77%),piperacillin tazobactam(80.65%);other antibiotics were effective against less than 80%of the isolates.Among the herbal antimicrobials,cinnamaldehyde,cinnamon oil,carvacrol,and ajowan oil inhibited 98.41%,85.07%,85.00%,and 83.75%of the isolates,respectively.Conclusion:The study concluded that in the Bareilly region in India,multiple-drug-resistance AD may be an emerging pathogen prevalent in environment and apparently healthy animals.More studies are warranted to understand the AD strains at molecular level to understand their zoonotic potential and circulation in the environment.展开更多
The present study aims to establish a reproducible large animal experimental unit using a minipig model to monitor cardiac function changes.A 90-min closed-chest bal-loon occlusion of the left anterior descending bran...The present study aims to establish a reproducible large animal experimental unit using a minipig model to monitor cardiac function changes.A 90-min closed-chest bal-loon occlusion of the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery was used to induce myocardial infarction in Pannon minipigs.To monitor the cardiac function,measurements were made by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging(cMRI),invasive pressure monitoring,and a Pulse index Continuous Cardiac Output(PiCCO)hemo-dynamic system at 0,72,and 720 h during the follow-up period.End-diastolic and end-systolic volumes(EDV,ESV),left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)obtained by cMRI evaluation,global ejection fraction and aortic dP/dt_(max)obtained by the invasive method,were recorded and compared.The 72-and 720-h EDV data showed a signifi-cant increase(p=0.012,<0.001)compared to baseline,and the Day 30 data showed a significant increase compared to Day 3(p=0.022).The ESV 72 h after the infarction showed a significant increase(p=0.001)compared to baseline,which did not change significantly by Day 30(p=0.781)compared to Day 3.EDV and ESV were signifi-cantly negatively correlated with aortic dp_(max),and ESV was significantly correlated with LVEF.For LVEF and dP_(max),a significant(p<0.001 and p=0.002)worsening was demonstrated at Day 3 compared to baseline,which was no longer statistically de-tectable for LVEF at Day 30(p=0.141),while the difference for dP_(max)was maintained(p=0.002).The complementary use of PiCCO hemodynamic measurements in large animal models makes the previously used methodologies more robust and reliable.展开更多
Carotenoids are naturally occurring pigments found in various fruits,vegetables,algae,insects,fungi,etc.As nutritional supplements,carotenoids have gained considerable attention for their potential therapeutic and hea...Carotenoids are naturally occurring pigments found in various fruits,vegetables,algae,insects,fungi,etc.As nutritional supplements,carotenoids have gained considerable attention for their potential therapeutic and health-promoting effects,making them significant components of alternative and traditional medicine worldwide.Carotenoids have many health benefits,particularly disease prevention.Carotenoids such as lutein,lycopene,and beta-carotene possess strong antioxidant properties,which help mitigate oxidative stress and reduce the risk of chronic diseases,including cancer,cardiovascular diseases,and eye disorders.Carotenoids play a vital role in various health conditions,including coronavirus disease-19(COVID-19),vision disorders,Alzheimer’s disease,reproductive health,cosmetic applications,diabetes management,infant formula,and animal nutrition.In alternative medicine,carotenoids are valued for enhancing immune function,reducing oxidative damage,and lowering the risk of chronic illnesses.Their benefits extend to improving cognitive function and potentially delaying the progression of Alzheimer’s disease,protecting against age-related macular degeneration and other vision problems,and supporting COVID-19 treatment.In skin care,carotenoids contribute to skin health and beauty,while in diabetes management,they aid in blood glucose regulation.This review especially emphasizes the potential of carotenoids as vital components in health management strategies within alternative medicine and underscores the need for further research to optimize their use in nutraceutical applications.展开更多
At a time when there is a growing public interest in animal welfare,it is critical to have objective means to assess the way that an animal experiences a situation.Objectivity is critical to ensure appropriate animal ...At a time when there is a growing public interest in animal welfare,it is critical to have objective means to assess the way that an animal experiences a situation.Objectivity is critical to ensure appropriate animal welfare outcomes.Existing behavioural,physiological,and neurobiological indicators that are used to assess animal welfare can verify the absence of extremely negative outcomes.But welfare is more than an absence of negative outcomes and an appropriate indicator should reflect the full spectrum of experience of an animal,from negative to positive.In this review,we draw from the knowledge of human biomedical science to propose a list of candidate biological markers(biomarkers)that should reflect the experiential state of non-human animals.The proposed biomarkers can be classified on their main function as endocrine,oxidative stress,non-coding molecular,and thermobiological markers.We also discuss practical challenges that must be addressed before any of these biomarkers can become useful to assess the experience of an animal in real-life.展开更多
Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus) is a common pathogenic bacterium in animal husbandry that can cause diseases such as mastitis, skin infections, arthritis, and other ailments. The formation of biofilms threatens and e...Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus) is a common pathogenic bacterium in animal husbandry that can cause diseases such as mastitis, skin infections, arthritis, and other ailments. The formation of biofilms threatens and exacerbates S. aureus infection by allowing the bacteria to adhere to pathological areas and livestock product surfaces, thus triggering animal health crises and safety issues with livestock products. To solve this problem, in this review, we provide a brief overview of the harm caused by S. aureus and its biofilms on livestock and animal byproducts(meat and dairy products). We also describe the ways in which S. aureus spreads in animals and the threats it poses to the livestock industry. The processes and molecular mechanisms involved in biofilm formation are then explained. Finally, we discuss strategies for the removal and eradication of S. aureus and biofilms in animal husbandry, including the use of antimicrobial peptides, plant extracts, nanoparticles, phages, and antibodies. These strategies to reduce the spread of S. aureus in animal husbandry help maintain livestock health and improve productivity to ensure the ecologically sustainable development of animal husbandry and the safety of livestock products.展开更多
Hereditary hearing loss(HHL),a genetic disorder that impairs auditory function,significantly affects quality of life and incurs substantial economic losses for society.To investigate the underlying causes of HHL and e...Hereditary hearing loss(HHL),a genetic disorder that impairs auditory function,significantly affects quality of life and incurs substantial economic losses for society.To investigate the underlying causes of HHL and evaluate therapeutic outcomes,appropriate animal models are necessary.Pigs have been extensively used as valuable large animal models in biomedical research.In this review,we highlight the advantages of pig models in terms of ear anatomy,inner ear morphology,and electrophysiological characteristics,as well as recent advancements in the development of distinct genetically modified porcine models of hearing loss.Additionally,we discuss the prospects,challenges,and recommendations regarding the use pig models in HHL research.Overall,this review provides insights and perspectives for future studies on HHL using porcine models.展开更多
Animal models are extensively used in all aspects of biomedical research,with substantial contributions to our understanding of diseases,the development of pharmaceuticals,and the exploration of gene functions.The fie...Animal models are extensively used in all aspects of biomedical research,with substantial contributions to our understanding of diseases,the development of pharmaceuticals,and the exploration of gene functions.The field of genome modification in rabbits has progressed slowly.However,recent advancements,particularly in CRISPR/Cas9-related technologies,have catalyzed the successful development of various genome-edited rabbit models to mimic diverse diseases,including cardiovascular disorders,immunodeficiencies,agingrelated ailments,neurological diseases,and ophthalmic pathologies.These models hold great promise in advancing biomedical research due to their closer physiological and biochemical resemblance to humans compared to mice.This review aims to summarize the novel gene-editing approaches currently available for rabbits and present the applications and prospects of such models in biomedicine,underscoring their impact and future potential in translational medicine.展开更多
文摘Remembrance activities can support the Culture of Care(CoC)in Laboratory Animal Science(LAS)not only by promoting a culture of respect,gratitude and thankfulness for animal life but also by helping the emotional processing and healing of lab animal researchers and animal facility staff.Even though remembrance activities are practiced in many parts of the world,we did not come across any reported cases in Sri Lanka before 2022.Therefore,here,we report on the various remembrance activities and practices observed within our local scientific community.
基金supported by the National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology(AML2023A02)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2662023DKPY004).
文摘Rotavirus infections cause severe gastroenteritis and dehydration in young children and animals worldwide,leading to high rates of morbidity and mortality,predominantly in low-and middleincome countries.In the past decade,substantial progress has been made in the development and implementation of rotavirus vaccines,which have been essential in alleviating the global burden of this disease,not only in human being but also in livestock species like calves and piglets,where these infections can cause significant economic losses.By synthesizing the latest research and real-world evidence,this review article is designated to provide deep insights into the current state of rotavirus vaccine technology and its global implementation as well as the application of rotavirus vaccines in veterinary settings and their importance in controlling zoonotic transmission and maintaining food security.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:82222041 and 82241068CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences,Grant/Award Number:2021-I2M-1-037 and 2023-I2M-2-001+1 种基金National Key Research and Development Project of China,Grant/Award Number:2023YFC2309000Beijing Natural Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:Z220018。
文摘Human herpesvirus,a specific group within the herpesvirus family,is responsible for a variety of human diseases.These viruses can infect humans and other vertebrates,primarily targeting the skin,mucous membranes,and neural tissues,thereby signifi-cantly impacting the health of both humans and animals.Animal models are crucial for studying virus pathogenesis,vaccine development,and drug testing.Despite several vaccine candidates being in preclinical and clinical stages,no vaccines are current available to prevent lifelong infections caused by these human herpesviruses,except for varicella-zoster virus(VZV)vaccine.However,the strict host tropism of herpes-viruses and other limitations mean that no single animal model can fully replicate all key features of human herpesvirus-associated diseases.This makes it challeng-ing to evaluate vaccines and antivirals against human herpesvirus comprehensively.Herein,we summarize the current animal models used to study the human herpesvi-ruses includingα-herpesviruses(herpes simplex virus type 1(HSV-1),HSV-2,VZV),β-herpesviruses(human cytomegalovirus(HCMV),γ-herpesviruses(Epstein-Barr virus(EBV))and Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus(KSHV)).By providing concise information and detailed analysis of the potential,limitations and applications of various models,such as non-human primates,mice,rabbits,guinea pigs,and tree shrews,this sum-mary aims to help researchers efficiently select the most appropriate animal model,offering practical guidance for studying human herpesvirus.
基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024M751098,2024M761134)Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission Program(ZKJCFGW2023015)+1 种基金Wenzhou Science&Technology Bureau Basic Public Welfare Research Program(Y20240006)Jilin University Young Teachers and Students Cross-disciplinary Training Project(2023-JCXK-08)。
文摘Photodynamic therapy(PDT)is an emerging minimally invasive therapeutic modality that relies on the activation of a photosensitizing agent by light of a specific wavelength in the presence of molecular oxygen,leading to the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS).This mechanism facilitates selective cytotoxic effects within pathological tissues and has demonstrated therapeutic potential across diverse disease contexts.However,the broader clinical applications remain limited by photosensitizer selectivity,shallow light penetration,and the risk of off-target cytotoxicity.Recent advancements in PDT have focused on the development of next-generation photosensitizers,the integration of nanotechnology for enhanced delivery and targeting,and the strategic combination of PDT with complementary therapeutic approaches.Experimental animal models play a crucial role in validating the efficacy and safety of PDT,optimizing its therapeutic parameters,and determining its mechanisms of action.This review provides a comprehensive overview of PDT applications in various disease models,including oncological,infectious,and nonconventional indications.Special emphasis is placed on the importance of large animal models in PDT research,such as rabbits,pigs,dogs,and non-human primates,which provide experimental platforms that more closely resemble human physiological and pathological states.The use of these models for understanding the mechanisms of PDT,optimizing therapeutic regimens,and evaluating clinical outcomes is also discussed.This review aims to inform future directions in PDT research and emphasizes the importance of selecting appropriate preclinical animal models to facilitate successful clinical translation.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Programs of China(2022YFF0710701,2022YFF0710702)Guangzhou Key Research and Development Program(202206010157)+2 种基金Guangzhou Joint Fund for Key Laboratory(202201020381)Medical Joint Fund of Jinan University(YXJC202204)Open Research Project of the Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis and Infection Prevention and Control of the Ministry of Education(2023VPPC-R02).
文摘Background:The maturation of the immune system is critical during early life,as it involves the differentiation,maturation,and establishment of immune tolerance of immune cells.This process is influenced not only by genetic factors but also by en-vironmental factors,particularly the symbiotic microbiota.Bifidobacterium animalis subsp.lactis(BB-12),originally found in dairy products,is widely used in infant for-mula and dietary supplements.However,its role and mechanisms in immune develop-ment during early life remain unclear.Methods:Using GF mice as the experimental model,B.animalis subsp.lactis BB-12 was administered via gavage during early life.In the juvenile stage,changes in T-cell subsets in the spleen,thymus,and gut intraepithelial lymphocytes(IEL)were assessed using spectral flow cytometry.Additionally,targeted metabolomics analysis of trypto-phan metabolism and short-chain fatty acid pathways in colonic tissue was conducted to explore how B.animalis subsp.lactis BB-12 influences the immune system through gut microbiota metabolism.Results:BB-12 effectively modulates the gut immune microenvironment,leading to beneficial changes in T-cell subsets in key immune tissues such as the spleen,thymus,and gut IELs.Metabolomics analysis further supports these findings by showing that BB-12 intervention greatly increased the production of tryptophan derivatives and acetic acid in the colon of GF mice.Conclusion:The findings provide theoretical evidence for the role of B.animalis subsp.lactis in immune system development and support its application in dietary supple-ments,suggesting potential as a component for infant immune health and in prevent-ing immune-related diseases.
文摘BACKGROUND Epilepsy impacts millions of people,with many not responding to existing treatments.Some evidence links neuroinflammatory processes to epilepsy.Statins exhibit anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties,potentially offering antiepileptic effects.AIM To evaluate the anticonvulsant effects of rosuvastatin in animal models of epilepsy.METHODS Ninety-six albino mice were divided into 16 groups.In the maximal electroshock seizure(MES)model,eight groups received intraperitoneal vehicle,carbama-zepine,rosuvastatin,or a combination.Outcomes measured included seizure protection[tonic hind limb extension(THLE)],duration of THLE,seizure duration,and mortality.In the pentylenetetrazol(PTZ)model,eight groups were pretreated with vehicle,valproate,rosuvastatin,or a combination,with outcomes measured as seizure latency,seizure duration,and mortality.RESULTS In the MES model,rosuvastatin exhibited protection against THLE in a small percentage of mice.Rosuvastatin shortens the duration of THLE in a dose-dependent manner.However,none of these were statistically significant com-pared to the control group.The combination of rosuvastatin 10 mg/kg with carbamazepine 4 mg/kg resulted in a significant reduction in seizure duration compared to the control group,better than carbamazepine alone at 4 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg.In the PTZ model,rosuvastatin alone showed no significant effects on latency,duration of seizure,or mortality.However,rosuvastatin 10 mg/kg combined with valproate 100 mg/kg significantly delayed the onset of seizures,seizure duration and mortality percentage,better than valproate alone at 100 mg/kg.CONCLUSION Rosuvastatin enhanced the anticonvulsant effects of carbamazepine and valproate.Further studies are required to explore the antiepileptic potential of rosuvastatin at various doses,durations,dosage forms,routes and models.
文摘The agricultural sector, encompassing agriculture, forestry, and land use, significantly contributes to global greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions, accounting for 23% of the total(IPCC 2019). It faces substantial challenges due to population growth and the urgent need to reduce its GHG emissions. Livestock husbandry, a crucial component of agriculture, accounts for a significant proportion of agricultural GHG emissions(Nugrahaeningtyas et al. 2024). Reducing emissions from livestock is essential not only for addressing climate change but also for protecting the ecological environment and achieving sustainable development. This is a critical task for the future of our planet and the well-being of future generations.
文摘The livestock sector is a vital component of India's agricultural economy,providing essential support to rural communities and ensuring food security.Efficient reproductive performance is critical to sustaining livestock productivity,yet age-related declines in both male and female fertility pose significant challenges.The current review highlights that male reproductive efficiency is closely tied to semen quality,which deteriorates with age due to oxidative stress,leading to reduced fertilizing capacity and embryonic developmental potential.Similarly,female reproductive longevity is predominantly influenced by ovarian health,which declines with age due to diminished oocyte quality and quantity.This decline is exacerbated by oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction,leading to reproductive senescence and reduced offspring viability.Understanding the mechanisms of reproductive aging and developing strategies to mitigate its effects are crucial for enhancing livestock productivity and sustaining the agrarian economy.
基金Supported by China Agriculture Research System(CARS-35)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China(LH2021C038)。
文摘Zearalenone(ZEN)is a non-steroidal estrogenic mycotoxin biosynthesized by the polyketide reaction,which has estrogenic effects and triggers toxic effects,such as reproductive toxicity,hepatotoxicity,genotoxicity,and immunotoxicity in organism.Due to its impact on human and animal health and the economic losses engendered by ZEN,detoxification strategies for contaminated foods and feeds to reduce or eliminate the toxic effects of ZEN by chemical,physical and biological methods are crucial.Detoxification by microbial means has broad application prospects,with the advantages of high efficiency,high specificity,mild conditions of action,no harmful metabolites,and safety.It may help to improve the function of intestinal barriers so that the intestinal epithelial barrier is more resistant to mycotoxins,and other pathogenic microorganisms.This article provided an overview of the metabolic pathways and animal toxicity of ZEN in organism,and summarized the effects of the current research status,detoxification mechanisms and in vivo applications of ZEN biodetoxification,in order to provide a reference for the prevention and control of ZEN.
基金supported by Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center,Peking Union Medical College,Collaborative Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(22SH19)Nonprofit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(2023-PT180-01).
文摘Cell lineage tracing is a key technology for describing the developmental history of individual progenitor cells and assembling them to form a lineage development tree.However,traditional methods have limitations of poor stability and insufficient reso-lution.As an efficient and flexible gene editing tool,CRISPR-Cas9 system has been widely used in biological research.Furthermore,CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing-based tracing methods can introduce fluorescent proteins,reporter genes,or DNA barcodes for high-throughput sequencing,enabling precise lineage analysis,significantly im-proving precision and resolution,and expanding its application range.In this review,we summarize applications of CRISPR-Cas9 system in cell lineage tracing,with special emphasis on its successful applications in traditional model animals(e.g.,zebrafish and mice),large animal models(pigs),and human cells or organoids.We also discussed its potential prospects and challenges in xenotransplantation and regenerative medicine.
基金supported by projects from the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Major Science and Technology"Revealing the List and Taking Command"Project(2023AB078)the Ministry of Science and Technology High-end Foreign Expert Project(G2023014066L)the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Engineering Special Project(NCG202232).
文摘Polyamines(putrescine,spermidine,and spermine)are aliphatic compounds ubiquitous in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.Positively charged polyamines bind to negatively charged macromolecules,such as nucleic acids and acidic phospholipids,and are involved in physiological activities including cell proliferation,differentiation,apoptosis and gene regulation.Intracellular polyamine levels are regulated by biosynthesis,catabolism and transport.Polyamines in the body originate from two primary sources:dietary intake and intestinal microbial metabolism.These polyamines are then transported into the bloodstream,through which they are distributed to various tissues and organs to exert their biological functions.Polyamines synthesized by intestinal microorganisms serve dual critical roles.First,they are essential for maintaining polyamine concentrations within the digestive tract.Second,through transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms,these microbial-derived polyamines modulate the expression of genes governing key processes in intestinal epithelial cells-including proliferation,migration,apoptosis,and cell-cell interactions.Collectively,these regulatory effects help maintain intestinal epithelial homeostasis and ensure the integrity of the gut barrier.In addition,polyamines interact with the gut microbiota to maintain intestinal homeostasis by promoting microbial growth,biofilm formation,swarming,and endocytosis vesicle production,etc.Supplementation with polyamines has been demonstrated to be important in regulating host intestinal microbial composition,enhancing nutrient absorption,and improving metabolism and immunity.In this review,we will focus on recent advances in the study of polyamine metabolism and transport in intestinal microbes and intestinal epithelial cells.We then summarize the scientific understanding of their roles in intestinal homeostasis,exploring the advances in cellular and molecular mechanisms of polyamines and their potential clinical applications,and providing a rationale for polyamine metabolism as an important target for the treatment of intestinal-based diseases.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:82173399Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST,Grant/Award Number:2022QNRC001+2 种基金Beijing Natural Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:7252096Beijing Natural Science Foundation-Haidian Original Innovation Joint Fund Project,Grant/Award Number:L222145CAMS&Comparative Medicine Center,PUMC (IACUC approval number:QC24002)
文摘Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)constitutes 90%of oral tumors.Advanced cases severely impair patients'life quality of life due to anatomical location and limited therapies.Conventional treatments often induce drug resistance or recurrence.Patientderived xenograft(PDX)models are widely used to simulate tumor progression and drug responses,serving as translational tools for precision medicine.This study aimed to establish drug-resistant OSCC PDX models.Human OSCC tissues were transplanted into immunodeficient mice and passaged(P1–P2).At P2(tumor volume:40–80 mm^(3)),mice received cisplatin(1 mg/kg,three times/week)with cetuximab(1 mg/kg,weekly),GSK690693(10 mg/kg,five times/week),or rapamycin(4 mg/kg,five times/week).PDX tissues from groups with less-therapeutic response(manifested as larger tumor volumes)were serially passaged to assess treatment efficacy.Tumor tissues with diminished drug sensitivity underwent histopathological analysis and identified stability of their tumor characteristics using hematoxylin–eosin(HE)and immunohistochemical staining after one additional passage and retreatment.Results demonstrated that successive passaging accelerates tumor growth.First-generation treatments showed universal sensitivity.At P2,cisplatin–cetuximab and rapamycin groups remained sensitive,whereas GSK690693 efficacy declined.Continued passaging of GSK690693-treated tumors confirmed resistance,as evidenced by exhibiting enhanced malignant characteristics at histological level.The GSK690693-resistant model was established first,whereas resistant models of other treatment groups were established according to similar protocols.These findings suggest that sequential passaging and drug exposure in PDX models recapitulated clinical tumor evolution,enabling the development of drug-resistant OSCC models.This study can offer methodological insights for precision therapy of OSCC.
文摘Against the backdrop of a new era that commands the attention of scholars worldwide,and on a scientific research journey filled with both hope and challenges,Animal Models and Experimental Medicine(AMEM),as a beacon guiding innovation and rigorous research in the field of animal models and experimental medicine,has once again shone brightly in 2024.With an impact factor of 3.8,a JCI and JCR Q2 ranking,and a CiteScore of 6.3,the journal has demonstrated a continuous rise in its influence and academic status.
基金supported by grants from CAAST-ACLH(NAHEP/CAAST/2018-19)of the ICAR-World Bank-funded National Agricultural Higher Education Project(NAHEP).
文摘Background:Achromobacter xylosoxidans(A.xylosoxidans)subspecies strains are known to be opportunistic environmental inhabitants.Among the two species,A.xylosoxidans ssp.xylosoxidans is more commonly reported cause of nosocomial infections colonizing the hospital environment and medical devices,while A.xylosoxidans ssp.denitrificans(AD)strains are widely distributed in the abiotic environment.The present retrospective observational study was aimed at understanding the occurrence of AD infections in the Bareilly region,and to look into the effective herbal and conventional antimicrobial resistance profile of the strains identified at the laboratory.Methods:The present retrospective study analysed Clinical Microbiology laboratory data of Indian veterinary research Institute.The data for the last 14 years(2011-2024)was retrieved,tabulated and analysed using MS Excel program to determine significance of occurrence,and variation in antimicrobial resistance of the strains isolated from different sources usingχ2 and odds ratio analysis.Results:The study revealed that AD was detectable as a potential pathogen not only from environmental samples but also from 51 clinical cases(either as pure culture or mixed infection),and also from healthy humans and animals.The pathogen was most commonly associated with deaths in animals and birds due to septicaemia and was isolated is single pathogen from blood samples.It was also detected as single pathogen from cases of abortions,metritis,and urinary tract infections.However,from cases of haemorrhagic enteritis,diarrhoea,mastitis,wound infections,pyoderma and abscesses,and middle ear infections AD was isolated in association of one or more potentially pathogenic bacteria.Of the 80 isolates in the study,68 had multiple drug resistance,and 21 produced metallo-β-lactamases responsible for resistance against most of theβ-lactam antibiotics,including cephalosporins and carbapenems.The most effective antibiotic was gentamicin,inhibiting 90.67%of the isolates,followed by tigecycline(85.00%),ciprofloxacin(80.77%),piperacillin tazobactam(80.65%);other antibiotics were effective against less than 80%of the isolates.Among the herbal antimicrobials,cinnamaldehyde,cinnamon oil,carvacrol,and ajowan oil inhibited 98.41%,85.07%,85.00%,and 83.75%of the isolates,respectively.Conclusion:The study concluded that in the Bareilly region in India,multiple-drug-resistance AD may be an emerging pathogen prevalent in environment and apparently healthy animals.More studies are warranted to understand the AD strains at molecular level to understand their zoonotic potential and circulation in the environment.
文摘The present study aims to establish a reproducible large animal experimental unit using a minipig model to monitor cardiac function changes.A 90-min closed-chest bal-loon occlusion of the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery was used to induce myocardial infarction in Pannon minipigs.To monitor the cardiac function,measurements were made by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging(cMRI),invasive pressure monitoring,and a Pulse index Continuous Cardiac Output(PiCCO)hemo-dynamic system at 0,72,and 720 h during the follow-up period.End-diastolic and end-systolic volumes(EDV,ESV),left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)obtained by cMRI evaluation,global ejection fraction and aortic dP/dt_(max)obtained by the invasive method,were recorded and compared.The 72-and 720-h EDV data showed a signifi-cant increase(p=0.012,<0.001)compared to baseline,and the Day 30 data showed a significant increase compared to Day 3(p=0.022).The ESV 72 h after the infarction showed a significant increase(p=0.001)compared to baseline,which did not change significantly by Day 30(p=0.781)compared to Day 3.EDV and ESV were signifi-cantly negatively correlated with aortic dp_(max),and ESV was significantly correlated with LVEF.For LVEF and dP_(max),a significant(p<0.001 and p=0.002)worsening was demonstrated at Day 3 compared to baseline,which was no longer statistically de-tectable for LVEF at Day 30(p=0.141),while the difference for dP_(max)was maintained(p=0.002).The complementary use of PiCCO hemodynamic measurements in large animal models makes the previously used methodologies more robust and reliable.
文摘Carotenoids are naturally occurring pigments found in various fruits,vegetables,algae,insects,fungi,etc.As nutritional supplements,carotenoids have gained considerable attention for their potential therapeutic and health-promoting effects,making them significant components of alternative and traditional medicine worldwide.Carotenoids have many health benefits,particularly disease prevention.Carotenoids such as lutein,lycopene,and beta-carotene possess strong antioxidant properties,which help mitigate oxidative stress and reduce the risk of chronic diseases,including cancer,cardiovascular diseases,and eye disorders.Carotenoids play a vital role in various health conditions,including coronavirus disease-19(COVID-19),vision disorders,Alzheimer’s disease,reproductive health,cosmetic applications,diabetes management,infant formula,and animal nutrition.In alternative medicine,carotenoids are valued for enhancing immune function,reducing oxidative damage,and lowering the risk of chronic illnesses.Their benefits extend to improving cognitive function and potentially delaying the progression of Alzheimer’s disease,protecting against age-related macular degeneration and other vision problems,and supporting COVID-19 treatment.In skin care,carotenoids contribute to skin health and beauty,while in diabetes management,they aid in blood glucose regulation.This review especially emphasizes the potential of carotenoids as vital components in health management strategies within alternative medicine and underscores the need for further research to optimize their use in nutraceutical applications.
基金This research was supported by Meat and Livestock Australia grant P.PSH.1232,the Australasian Pork Research Institute Ltd grant 5A-113,The University of Queensland and The University of Western Australia.
文摘At a time when there is a growing public interest in animal welfare,it is critical to have objective means to assess the way that an animal experiences a situation.Objectivity is critical to ensure appropriate animal welfare outcomes.Existing behavioural,physiological,and neurobiological indicators that are used to assess animal welfare can verify the absence of extremely negative outcomes.But welfare is more than an absence of negative outcomes and an appropriate indicator should reflect the full spectrum of experience of an animal,from negative to positive.In this review,we draw from the knowledge of human biomedical science to propose a list of candidate biological markers(biomarkers)that should reflect the experiential state of non-human animals.The proposed biomarkers can be classified on their main function as endocrine,oxidative stress,non-coding molecular,and thermobiological markers.We also discuss practical challenges that must be addressed before any of these biomarkers can become useful to assess the experience of an animal in real-life.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31930106 and U22A20514, U23A20232)the National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFD1300404)+2 种基金the 2115 Talent Development Program of China Agricultural University (1041-00109019)the Pinduoduo-China Agricultural University Research Fund (PC2023A01001)the Special Fund for Henan Agriculture Research System (HARS-2213-Z1)。
文摘Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus) is a common pathogenic bacterium in animal husbandry that can cause diseases such as mastitis, skin infections, arthritis, and other ailments. The formation of biofilms threatens and exacerbates S. aureus infection by allowing the bacteria to adhere to pathological areas and livestock product surfaces, thus triggering animal health crises and safety issues with livestock products. To solve this problem, in this review, we provide a brief overview of the harm caused by S. aureus and its biofilms on livestock and animal byproducts(meat and dairy products). We also describe the ways in which S. aureus spreads in animals and the threats it poses to the livestock industry. The processes and molecular mechanisms involved in biofilm formation are then explained. Finally, we discuss strategies for the removal and eradication of S. aureus and biofilms in animal husbandry, including the use of antimicrobial peptides, plant extracts, nanoparticles, phages, and antibodies. These strategies to reduce the spread of S. aureus in animal husbandry help maintain livestock health and improve productivity to ensure the ecologically sustainable development of animal husbandry and the safety of livestock products.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFA0805902,2022YFF0710703)National Natural Science Foundation of China (32201257)+1 种基金Science and Technology Innovation Project of Xiongan New Area (2022XAGG0121)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by the China Association for Science and Technology (2019QNRC001)。
文摘Hereditary hearing loss(HHL),a genetic disorder that impairs auditory function,significantly affects quality of life and incurs substantial economic losses for society.To investigate the underlying causes of HHL and evaluate therapeutic outcomes,appropriate animal models are necessary.Pigs have been extensively used as valuable large animal models in biomedical research.In this review,we highlight the advantages of pig models in terms of ear anatomy,inner ear morphology,and electrophysiological characteristics,as well as recent advancements in the development of distinct genetically modified porcine models of hearing loss.Additionally,we discuss the prospects,challenges,and recommendations regarding the use pig models in HHL research.Overall,this review provides insights and perspectives for future studies on HHL using porcine models.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31970574)。
文摘Animal models are extensively used in all aspects of biomedical research,with substantial contributions to our understanding of diseases,the development of pharmaceuticals,and the exploration of gene functions.The field of genome modification in rabbits has progressed slowly.However,recent advancements,particularly in CRISPR/Cas9-related technologies,have catalyzed the successful development of various genome-edited rabbit models to mimic diverse diseases,including cardiovascular disorders,immunodeficiencies,agingrelated ailments,neurological diseases,and ophthalmic pathologies.These models hold great promise in advancing biomedical research due to their closer physiological and biochemical resemblance to humans compared to mice.This review aims to summarize the novel gene-editing approaches currently available for rabbits and present the applications and prospects of such models in biomedicine,underscoring their impact and future potential in translational medicine.
