Background China is seeing a growing demand for rehabilitation treatments for post-stroke upper limb spastic paresis(PSSP-UL).Although acupuncture is known to be effective for PSSP-UL,there is room to enhance its effi...Background China is seeing a growing demand for rehabilitation treatments for post-stroke upper limb spastic paresis(PSSP-UL).Although acupuncture is known to be effective for PSSP-UL,there is room to enhance its efficacy.Objective This study explored a semi-personalized acupuncture approach for PSSP-UL that used three-dimensional kinematic analysis(3DKA)results to select additional acupoints,and investigated the feasibility,efficacy and safety of this approach.Design,setting,participants and interventions This single-blind,single-center,randomized,controlled trial involved 74 participants who experienced a first-ever ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke with spastic upper limb paresis.The participants were then randomly assigned to the intervention group or the control group in a 1:1 ratio.Both groups received conventional treatments and acupuncture treatment 5 days a week for 4 weeks.The main acupoints in both groups were the same,while participants in the intervention group received additional acupoints selected on the basis of 3DKA results.Follow-up assessments were conducted for 8 weeks after the treatment.Main outcome measures The primary outcome was the Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremity(FMA-UE)response rate(≥6-point change)at week 4.Secondary outcomes included changes in motor function(FMA-UE),Brunnstrom recovery stage(BRS),manual muscle test(MMT),spasticity(Modified Ashworth Scale,MAS),and activities of daily life(Modified Barthel Index,MBI)at week 4 and week 12.Results Sixty-four participants completed the trial and underwent analyses.Compared with control group,the intervention group exhibited a significantly higher FMA-UE response rate at week 4(χ^(2)=5.479,P=0.019)and greater improvements in FMA-UE at both week 4 and week 12(both P<0.001).The intervention group also showed bigger improvements from baseline in the MMT grades for shoulder adduction and elbow flexion at weeks 4 and 12 as well as thumb adduction at week 4(P=0.007,P=0.049,P=0.019,P=0.008,P=0.029,respectively).The intervention group showed a better change in the MBI at both week 4 and week 12(P=0.004 and P=0.010,respectively).Although the intervention group had a higher BRS for the hand at week 12(P=0.041),no intergroup differences were observed at week 4(all P>0.05).The two groups showed no differences in MAS grades as well as in BRS for the arm at weeks 4 and 12(all P>0.05).Conclusion Semi-personalized acupuncture prescription based on 3DKA results significantly improved motor function,muscle strength,and activities of daily living in patients with PSSP-UL.展开更多
The nonuniform microstructure of magnesium alloy rolled sheets tends to influence their plastic deformation capacity.This study employed multi-pass restricted rolling to successfully prepare AZ31 magnesium alloy rolle...The nonuniform microstructure of magnesium alloy rolled sheets tends to influence their plastic deformation capacity.This study employed multi-pass restricted rolling to successfully prepare AZ31 magnesium alloy rolled sheets with a uniform microstructure,enhancing their mechanical properties.Quasi-in-situ tensile EBSD was used to investigate the effect of microstructure uniformity on the plastic deformation and fracture behavior of magnesium alloy.The results demonstrate that the nonuniformity of the magnesium alloy microstructure intensifies the strain asynchrony between adjacent grains,leading to relative misalignment and crack formation.Fine grains cannot coordinate the strain within their adjacent coarse grains,resulting in ledge formation at their common grain boundaries.Moreover,low-angle grain boundaries(LAGB)influence fracture behavior,rendering fine grains penetrated by LAGB more susceptible to becoming strain concentration areas that promote intergranular fracture and even transgranular fracture.展开更多
RNA modifications play vital regulatory roles in biological systems.Dysregulated RNA modifications themselves or their regulators are associated with various diseases,including cancers and immune related diseases.Howe...RNA modifications play vital regulatory roles in biological systems.Dysregulated RNA modifications themselves or their regulators are associated with various diseases,including cancers and immune related diseases.However,to the best of our knowledge,RNA modifications in peripheral white blood cells(immune cells)have not been systematically investigated before.Here we utilized hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(HILIC-MS/MS)for the quantification of 19 chemical modifications in total RNA and 17 chemical modifications in small RNA in peripheral white blood cells from breast cancer patients and healthy controls.We found out 13 RNA modifications were up-regulated in total RNA samples of breast cancer patients.For small RNA samples,only N6-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)was down-regulated in breast cancer patients(P<0.0001).Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves analysis showed that N4-acetylcytidine(ac^(4)C)in total RNA had an area under curve(AUC)value of 0.833,and m^(6)A in small RNA had an AUC value of 0.994.Our results further illustrated that RNA modifications may play vital roles in immune cell biology of breast cancer,and may act as novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of breast cancer.展开更多
Photosynthesis of H_(2)O_(2)via sustainable biomass-derived carbon catalysts facilitate the conversion of renewable resources into valuable chemicals.However,the regulatory function of surface functional groups over r...Photosynthesis of H_(2)O_(2)via sustainable biomass-derived carbon catalysts facilitate the conversion of renewable resources into valuable chemicals.However,the regulatory function of surface functional groups over reaction kinetics has not been sufficiently investigated.Herein,hydrothermal carbon spheres(CS)rich in oxygencontaining functional groups demonstrated a remarkably high H_(2)O_(2)production rate(653μmol/(g·h))in both pure water and actual seawater,even in the absence of any sacrificial agent.Meanwhile,the catalyst demonstrates outstanding activity(92%conversion and>99%selectivity)in the visible-light-driven photocatalytic oxidation of benzylamine to imines.Comprehensive analysis reveals that CS was rich in surface oxygen-containing functional groups,a feature strongly associated with its high photocatalytic efficiency.The observed positive Zeta potential of CS in seawater likely diminished the electrostatic repulsion against the positively charged intermediates,thereby facilitating their accumulation at the liquid-solid interface.This work proposes a strategic framework for developing metal-free photocatalysts from biomass,offering a sustainable pathway for photocatalytic applications.展开更多
The metal‐reduction‐induced dechlorination coupling(MR-DC)strategy enables the first successful synthesis of an all‐inorganic crosslinked phosphazene network(aPN)from hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene(HCCP)under mild r...The metal‐reduction‐induced dechlorination coupling(MR-DC)strategy enables the first successful synthesis of an all‐inorganic crosslinked phosphazene network(aPN)from hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene(HCCP)under mild reaction conditions.Using Cu as a model,the resulting Cu-aPN(copper‐embedded all‐inorganic phosphazene network)retains the intrinsic N_(3)P_(3)backbone and exhibits an amorphous structure where Cu species are uniformly anchored at dense P/N coordination sites of the network.Time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry(TOF‐SIMS)and X‐ray diffraction(XRD)reveal a gradual CuCl‐to‐CuO phase conversion during ammonia treatment,which effectively ensures the structural stability of the phosphazene framework.In 1 M KOH,Cu-aPN delivers an overpotential of 280 mV at 10 mA cm^(−2)and a Tafel slope of 48 mV dec^(−1),markedly outperforming Ga-aPN.In situ Raman and density functional theory(DFT)analyses indicate stronger Cu-P/N coordination coupling that lowers the*OH formation barrier(0.39 vs.0.88 eV for Ga).This MR-DC route furnishes a general and versatile pathway for constructing metal‐embedded all‐inorganic phosphazene frameworks with tunable coordination environments for advanced electrocatalytic applications.展开更多
Microorganisms can colonize the surface of microplastics(MPs)to form a distinctive microbiome,known as a“plastisphere”which is regarded as an anthropogenic niche for microbial growth.However,bacterial community asse...Microorganisms can colonize the surface of microplastics(MPs)to form a distinctive microbiome,known as a“plastisphere”which is regarded as an anthropogenic niche for microbial growth.However,bacterial community assembly in virgin and aging MP plastispheres across different habitats is poorly understood.This study aims to assess the variations in bacterial community assembly across different niches and habitats with an in situ ex-periment,in which constructed forest wetland(FW),natural lake wetland(LW),and lotus pond wetland(LP)were habitats,and plastispheres of virgin and aging low-density polyethylene(LDPE)MPs,as well as surround-ing wetland soils were niches.Significant niche-related differences in bacterial communities were observed,with lower diversity and enrichment of potential plastic-degrading bacteria in the plastisphere than in the soil bacterial communities.Furthermore,habitat-related differences exerted a more pronounced influence on the beta-diversity patterns of the bacterial communities.The linear regression analyses indicated that the local species pool con-tributed more to bacterial community assembly in the LW wetland,whereas the relative abundance of species was the primary factor in the LP wetland.The null model analysis indicated that plastisphere bacterial communi-ties were predominantly driven by the stochastic process,with a more deterministic assembly observed in the LP wetland and soil bacterial communities.Additionally,the primary ecological process shaping plastisphere com-munities shifted from drift in the virgin LDPE to homogenising dispersal in the aging LDPE.This study provides new insights into the fate and ecological impacts of MPs in wetlands,thereby facilitating the effective regulations of plastic pollution.展开更多
Violet phosphorus,a recently explored layered elemental semiconductor,has attracted much attention due to its unique photoelectric,mechanical properties,and high hole mobility.Herein,violet arsenic phosphorus has for ...Violet phosphorus,a recently explored layered elemental semiconductor,has attracted much attention due to its unique photoelectric,mechanical properties,and high hole mobility.Herein,violet arsenic phosphorus has for the first time been synthesized by a molten lead method.The crystal structure of violet arsenic phosphorus(P^(83.4)As_(0.6),CSD-2408761)was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction to have similar structure as that of violet phosphorus,where P12 is occupied by arsenic/phosphorus(As/P)atoms as mixed occupancy sites As1/P12.The arsenic substitution has been demonstrated to tune the band structure of violet phosphorus,switching p-type of violet phosphorus to high-performance n-type violet arsenic phosphorus.The effective electron mass along the<010>direction is significantly reduced from 1.792 to 0.515 m_(0)by arsenic substitution,resulting in an extremely high electron mobility of 2622.503 cm^(2)V^(-1)s^(-1).The field effect transistor built with P_(83.4)As_(0.6)nanosheets was measured to have a high electron mobility(137.06 cm^(2)V^(-1)s^(-1),61.2 nm),even under ambient conditions for 5 h,much higher than the hole mobility of violet phosphorene nanosheets(4.07 cm^(2)V^(-1)s^(-1),73.3 nm).This work provides a new idea for designing phosphorus-based materials for field effect transistors,giving significant potential in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor applications.展开更多
Rechargeable lithium–sulfur(Li–S)batteries are considered promising next-generation energy storage systems owing to their high theoretical energy density,but their application is hindered by the shuttle effect arisi...Rechargeable lithium–sulfur(Li–S)batteries are considered promising next-generation energy storage systems owing to their high theoretical energy density,but their application is hindered by the shuttle effect arising from dissolved lithium polysulfides(LiPSs).Herein,we design an optimized electrolyte to achieve long-term stability by employing an appropriate low-polarity solvent.A combination of diethyl ether(DEE)and 1,2-dimethoxyethane(DME)was selected to improve Li metal stability even in the presence of LiPSs.The DEE/DME electrolyte not only suppresses parasitic reactions between Li and LiPSs but also promotes uniform Li deposition.Moreover,operando optical microscopy was employed to directly visualize electrolyte stability and dendrite evolution in real time,while quantitative analysis was conducted via normalized hue index and contour image mapping.The enhanced anode stability of the DEE/DME electrolyte enabled excellent cycling performance,retaining 80.14%of its initial capacity after300 cycles at 3 C,while maintaining superior performance under practical conditions with high sulfur loading and a low E/S ratio.These findings highlight that solvent properties critically influence Li metal stabilization in Li–S batteries and underscore the significance of solvent engineering in electrolyte design.展开更多
Anion exchange membrane fuel cells(AEMFCs) offer a sustainable energy solution with non-precious metal catalysts,reduced degradation,and fuel flexibility.However,the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) at the cath...Anion exchange membrane fuel cells(AEMFCs) offer a sustainable energy solution with non-precious metal catalysts,reduced degradation,and fuel flexibility.However,the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) at the cathode and durability concerns impede commercialization.To address these challenges,this study presents a dual-atomic SiFe-N-C catalyst derived from pinecones,a naturally abundant biomass resource.The catalyst features a nitrogen-rich porous carbon matrix that stabilizes Si-Fe dual-atomic sites during pyrolysis.Advanced analyses confirm Fe-Si and Fe-N bonds,which synergistically enhance ORR activity by optimizing electronic structures and intermediate adsorption energies.The SiFe-N-C catalyst surpasses Pt/C and Fe-N-C single-atom benchmarks with superior ORR activity and excellent long-term durability supported by high resistance to CO poisoning as well as methanol crossover.It also demonstrates a promising electrochemical performance as a catalytic material for the separator of Li-S battery.Mechanistic studies reveal that the Si-Fe dual-atomic configuration promotes an efficient Fe-O-O-Si pathway,reducing energy barriers and offering a cost-effective,high-performance solution for electrochemical energy conversion and storage applications.展开更多
The recent effort by The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)Network has revealed that gastric cancer,which is a leading cause of cancerrelated deaths worldwide with a 5-year survival rate less than 25%,is a much more heterogene...The recent effort by The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)Network has revealed that gastric cancer,which is a leading cause of cancerrelated deaths worldwide with a 5-year survival rate less than 25%,is a much more heterogeneous disease than previously thought.And yet,conventional treatment approaches and clinical trials have assumed it is a single disease.展开更多
In many traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） hospitals, most patients are elderly with chronic diseases. Nosocomial bloodstream infections （nBSIs） are an important cause of morbidity and mortality. A retrospective s...In many traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） hospitals, most patients are elderly with chronic diseases. Nosocomial bloodstream infections （nBSIs） are an important cause of morbidity and mortality. A retrospective sur- veillance study was performed to examine the epidemiology and microbiology of nBSIs in a TCM hospital from 2009 to 2011. A total of 482 patients with nBSIs were included in the study period. The incidence rate was 5.7/1000 admissions Escherichia coli （25.5%） was the most common Gram-negative and coagulase-negative staphylococcus （CONS） （14.1%） was the most common Gram-positive organism isolated. One-third of the E. coli and Klebsie/la pneumoniae isolated from the nBSIs were the third-generation cephalosporin-resistant. Half of the Acinetobacter species isolates were resistant to imipenem. Of all the CoNS isolates, 90.7% were resistant to methicillin. Carbapenems and glyco- peptide were the most frequently used for nBSI therapy. Only about one-third of patients （157/482） received appro- priate empirical therapy. Septic shock, hemodialysis, Pitt bacteremia score 〉4, urinary tract infection, and appropriate empirical therapy were most strongly associated with 28-d mortality. The incidence of nBSIs was low in the TCM hospital but the proportion of nBSIs due to antibiotic-resistant organisms was high. A high Pitt bacteremia score was one of the most important risk factors for mortality in nBSIs. Therefore, the implementation of appropriate empirical therapy is crucial to improve the clinical outcome of nBSIs.展开更多
Klinefelter syndrome （KS） is the set of symptoms that result from the presence of an extra X chromosome in males. Postnatal population-based KS screening will enable timely diagnosis of this common chromosomal disea...Klinefelter syndrome （KS） is the set of symptoms that result from the presence of an extra X chromosome in males. Postnatal population-based KS screening will enable timely diagnosis of this common chromosomal disease, providing the opportunity for early intervention and therapy at the time point when they are most effective and may prevent later symptoms or complications. Therefore, through this study, we introduced a simple high-resolution melting （HRM） assay for KS screening and evaluated its clinical sensitivity and specificity in three medical centers using 1373 clinical blood samples. The HRM assay utilized a single primer pair to simultaneously amplify specific regions in zinc finger protein, X-linked （ZFX） and zinc finger protein, Y-linked （ZFY）. In cases of KS, the ratios of ZFX/ZFYare altered compared to those in normal males. As a result, the specific melting profiles differ and can be differentiated during data analysis. This HRM assay displayed high analytical specificity over a wide range of template DNA amounts （5 ng-50 ng） and reproducibility, high resolution for detecting KS mosaicism, and high clinical sensitivity （100%） and specificity （98.1%）. Moreover, the HRM assay was rapid （2 h per run）, inexpensive （0.2 USD per sample）, easy to perform and automatic, and compatible with both whole blood samples and dried blood spots. Therefore, this HRM assay is an ideal postnatal population-based KS screening tool that can be used for different age groups.展开更多
The pollen intine plays important roles in pollen germination and tube growth,but related information in Ginkgo biloba remains unclear.We isolated and obtained de-exined pollen from G.biloba.Using fluorescent probes,w...The pollen intine plays important roles in pollen germination and tube growth,but related information in Ginkgo biloba remains unclear.We isolated and obtained de-exined pollen from G.biloba.Using fluorescent probes,we observed the strongest cellulose fluorescence in the pollen intine.De-esterified pectin immunolabeled with JIM5 was present throughout the entire cell wall,whereas esterified pectin recognized by the monoclonal antibody JIM7 was concentrated in some regions.Callose staining with aniline blue was observed across the entire surface of the pollen intine.These results were confirmed by Fourier Transform InfraRed(FTIR)analysis.We also used proteomic approaches to identify different proteins between mature and de-exined pollen(48h after hydration)in vitro.Based on mass spectrometry,de-exined pollen had more proteins than mature pollen,including calmodulin,serine hydroxymethyltransferase,β-galactosidase 6,and class IV chitinase.According to Gene Ontology(GO)analysis,the differentially expressed proteins were mainly associated with transportation,defense reaction,sugar metabolism,energy metabolism,signal transduction,and cell wall formation.These findings suggest that most proteins involved in pollen germination and pollen tube growth are synthesized during pollen hydration,indicating the important role of pollen hydration in the reproductive process of G.Biloba.展开更多
Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua from five different areas was used as experimental material,total saponins and total flavonoids.Colorimetric analysis method was used to compare those contents.The results showed that the con...Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua from five different areas was used as experimental material,total saponins and total flavonoids.Colorimetric analysis method was used to compare those contents.The results showed that the contents of Polygonatum polysaccharides from different areas were in the range of 8.09%~11.78%,whereas the content of total saponins and total flavonoids was quite different,which were 2.73%~5.01%and 0.21%~0.71%,respectively.In general,these Polygonatum samples had higher polysaccharide content with obvious differences for the contents of total saponins and a low contents of flavones.展开更多
Correspondence factor analysis （CFA） was employed to study the selectivity of 14 HPLC systems. The tested LC systems were classified as reversed-phase （RP）, ion-exchange （IE） and hydrophilic interaction chromato...Correspondence factor analysis （CFA） was employed to study the selectivity of 14 HPLC systems. The tested LC systems were classified as reversed-phase （RP）, ion-exchange （IE） and hydrophilic interaction chromatography （HILIC） modes. It was found that the retentions of the hydrophilic solutes on HILIC column were significantly influenced by the second-order effects besides their hydrophilic properties. Organic modifiers and residue silanol groups on silica surface both participated in retention. HypersilTM amino column performed separation in the HILIC mode at appropriate conditions, and its retention mechanism was more similar to that of HILIC silica column than that of HILIC column coating poly（aspartamide） groups.展开更多
Lettuce is an important leafy vegetable that represents a significant dietary source of antioxidants and bioactive compounds.However,the levels of metabolites in different lettuce cultivars are poorly characterized.In...Lettuce is an important leafy vegetable that represents a significant dietary source of antioxidants and bioactive compounds.However,the levels of metabolites in different lettuce cultivars are poorly characterized.In this study,we used combined GC×GC-TOF/MS and UPLC-IMS-QTOF/MS to detect and relatively quantify metabolites in 30 lettuce cultivars representing large genetic diversity.Comparison with online databases,the published literature,standards as well using collision cross-section values enabled putative identification of 171 metabolites.Sixteen of these 171 metabolites(including phenolic acid derivatives,glycosylated flavonoids,and one iridoid)were present at significantly different levels in leaf and head type lettuces,which suggested the significant metabolomic variations between the leaf and head types of lettuce are related to secondary metabolism.A combination of the results and metabolic network analysis techniques suggested that leaf and head type lettuces contain not only different levels of metabolites but also have significant variations in the corresponding associated metabolic networks.The novel lettuce metabolite library and novel non-targeted metabolomics strategy devised in this study could be used to further characterize metabolic variations between lettuce cultivars or other plants.Moreover,the findings of this study provide important insight into metabolic adaptations due to natural and human selection,which could stimulate further research to potentially improve lettuce quality,yield,and nutritional value.展开更多
The main compounds of off-odor volatiles from irradiated refrigerated vacuum-packaged pork were ana- lyzed by gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC-MS).The analytical results showed that the main compounds of off-od...The main compounds of off-odor volatiles from irradiated refrigerated vacuum-packaged pork were ana- lyzed by gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC-MS).The analytical results showed that the main compounds of off-odor volatiles were dimethyl disulfide,dimethyl sulfide,dimethyl trisulfide,S-methyl thioacetate,and methanethiol.It was proved that the off-odor volatile came from irradiated S-containing amino acid and thiamin.展开更多
To comprehensively understand the Arctic and Antarctic upper atmosphere, it is often crucial to analyze various data that are obtained from many regions. Infrastructure that promotes such interdisciplinary studies on ...To comprehensively understand the Arctic and Antarctic upper atmosphere, it is often crucial to analyze various data that are obtained from many regions. Infrastructure that promotes such interdisciplinary studies on the upper atmosphere has been developed by a Japanese inter-university project called the Inter-university Upper atmosphere Global Observation Network （1UGONET）. The objective of this paper is to describe the infrastructure and tools developed by IUGONET. We focus on the data analysis software. It is written in Interactive Data Language （IDL） and is a plug-in for the THEMIS Data Analysis Software suite （TDAS）, which is a set of IDL libraries used to visualize and analyze satellite- and ground-based data. We present plots of upper atmospheric data provided by IUGONET as examples of applications, and verify the usefulness of the software in the study of polar science. We discuss IUGONET＇s new and unique developments, i.e., an executable file of TDAS that can run on the IDL Virtual Machine, IDL routines to retrieve metadata from the IUGONET database, and an archive of 3-D simulation data that uses the Common Data Format so that it can easily be used with TDAS.展开更多
Study of 1986 and 1987 heavy metal distribution in surface water of the Kuroshio area in the East China Sea showed regional and slight seasonal variations in distribution and concentration . Heavy metal levels in Taiw...Study of 1986 and 1987 heavy metal distribution in surface water of the Kuroshio area in the East China Sea showed regional and slight seasonal variations in distribution and concentration . Heavy metal levels in Taiwan Strait, the sea area north of Taiwan and the continental shelf are higher than those in the main axis of the Kuroshio . Dissolved Cu in summer and winter decreases with the increase of salinity , but dissolved Cd has no obvious change with salinity .展开更多
The cause of the premature failure of 304 stainless steel tube heat exchanger was investigated.The unique skeleton structure inside the leakage point reveals that this is a new damage mechanism caused by a δ+γ two-p...The cause of the premature failure of 304 stainless steel tube heat exchanger was investigated.The unique skeleton structure inside the leakage point reveals that this is a new damage mechanism caused by a δ+γ two-phase structure and crevice corrosion.The three-dimensional structure of the leakage point was demonstrated using X-ray diffraction topography.The results of scanning electron microscope examination show the microstructure of the weld to be columnar and dendritic.It is found by electron probe microscope analysis and transmission electron microscopy that columnar dendrites consisted of γ-dendrite and an amount of δ-ferrite phases at the dendrite trunk.Simulated corrosion test results confirmed that the corrosion medium was the chloride ion.Crevice corrosion of chloride ions occurred at weld defects on the inner wall thus forming a concentration cell.Grains of columnar dendrites were then corroded by chloride ions and δ-ferrite phases on the grain boundaries were retained,which formed the particular skeleton corrosion structure.As a result,it led to leakage when the corrosion of weld occurred from the inner wall to the outer wall.展开更多
基金funded by Science Foundation for Youth supported by Shanghai Municipal Health Commission(No.20204Y0313)Sailing Program with the support of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.21YF1443800).
文摘Background China is seeing a growing demand for rehabilitation treatments for post-stroke upper limb spastic paresis(PSSP-UL).Although acupuncture is known to be effective for PSSP-UL,there is room to enhance its efficacy.Objective This study explored a semi-personalized acupuncture approach for PSSP-UL that used three-dimensional kinematic analysis(3DKA)results to select additional acupoints,and investigated the feasibility,efficacy and safety of this approach.Design,setting,participants and interventions This single-blind,single-center,randomized,controlled trial involved 74 participants who experienced a first-ever ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke with spastic upper limb paresis.The participants were then randomly assigned to the intervention group or the control group in a 1:1 ratio.Both groups received conventional treatments and acupuncture treatment 5 days a week for 4 weeks.The main acupoints in both groups were the same,while participants in the intervention group received additional acupoints selected on the basis of 3DKA results.Follow-up assessments were conducted for 8 weeks after the treatment.Main outcome measures The primary outcome was the Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremity(FMA-UE)response rate(≥6-point change)at week 4.Secondary outcomes included changes in motor function(FMA-UE),Brunnstrom recovery stage(BRS),manual muscle test(MMT),spasticity(Modified Ashworth Scale,MAS),and activities of daily life(Modified Barthel Index,MBI)at week 4 and week 12.Results Sixty-four participants completed the trial and underwent analyses.Compared with control group,the intervention group exhibited a significantly higher FMA-UE response rate at week 4(χ^(2)=5.479,P=0.019)and greater improvements in FMA-UE at both week 4 and week 12(both P<0.001).The intervention group also showed bigger improvements from baseline in the MMT grades for shoulder adduction and elbow flexion at weeks 4 and 12 as well as thumb adduction at week 4(P=0.007,P=0.049,P=0.019,P=0.008,P=0.029,respectively).The intervention group showed a better change in the MBI at both week 4 and week 12(P=0.004 and P=0.010,respectively).Although the intervention group had a higher BRS for the hand at week 12(P=0.041),no intergroup differences were observed at week 4(all P>0.05).The two groups showed no differences in MAS grades as well as in BRS for the arm at weeks 4 and 12(all P>0.05).Conclusion Semi-personalized acupuncture prescription based on 3DKA results significantly improved motor function,muscle strength,and activities of daily living in patients with PSSP-UL.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U1810208)Shanxi Province Science and Technology Major Projects,China(No.2018110100)。
文摘The nonuniform microstructure of magnesium alloy rolled sheets tends to influence their plastic deformation capacity.This study employed multi-pass restricted rolling to successfully prepare AZ31 magnesium alloy rolled sheets with a uniform microstructure,enhancing their mechanical properties.Quasi-in-situ tensile EBSD was used to investigate the effect of microstructure uniformity on the plastic deformation and fracture behavior of magnesium alloy.The results demonstrate that the nonuniformity of the magnesium alloy microstructure intensifies the strain asynchrony between adjacent grains,leading to relative misalignment and crack formation.Fine grains cannot coordinate the strain within their adjacent coarse grains,resulting in ledge formation at their common grain boundaries.Moreover,low-angle grain boundaries(LAGB)influence fracture behavior,rendering fine grains penetrated by LAGB more susceptible to becoming strain concentration areas that promote intergranular fracture and even transgranular fracture.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21927810,22336004 and 22176167).
文摘RNA modifications play vital regulatory roles in biological systems.Dysregulated RNA modifications themselves or their regulators are associated with various diseases,including cancers and immune related diseases.However,to the best of our knowledge,RNA modifications in peripheral white blood cells(immune cells)have not been systematically investigated before.Here we utilized hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(HILIC-MS/MS)for the quantification of 19 chemical modifications in total RNA and 17 chemical modifications in small RNA in peripheral white blood cells from breast cancer patients and healthy controls.We found out 13 RNA modifications were up-regulated in total RNA samples of breast cancer patients.For small RNA samples,only N6-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)was down-regulated in breast cancer patients(P<0.0001).Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves analysis showed that N4-acetylcytidine(ac^(4)C)in total RNA had an area under curve(AUC)value of 0.833,and m^(6)A in small RNA had an AUC value of 0.994.Our results further illustrated that RNA modifications may play vital roles in immune cell biology of breast cancer,and may act as novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of breast cancer.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(202203021222233,202203021212398,202203021212403)。
文摘Photosynthesis of H_(2)O_(2)via sustainable biomass-derived carbon catalysts facilitate the conversion of renewable resources into valuable chemicals.However,the regulatory function of surface functional groups over reaction kinetics has not been sufficiently investigated.Herein,hydrothermal carbon spheres(CS)rich in oxygencontaining functional groups demonstrated a remarkably high H_(2)O_(2)production rate(653μmol/(g·h))in both pure water and actual seawater,even in the absence of any sacrificial agent.Meanwhile,the catalyst demonstrates outstanding activity(92%conversion and>99%selectivity)in the visible-light-driven photocatalytic oxidation of benzylamine to imines.Comprehensive analysis reveals that CS was rich in surface oxygen-containing functional groups,a feature strongly associated with its high photocatalytic efficiency.The observed positive Zeta potential of CS in seawater likely diminished the electrostatic repulsion against the positively charged intermediates,thereby facilitating their accumulation at the liquid-solid interface.This work proposes a strategic framework for developing metal-free photocatalysts from biomass,offering a sustainable pathway for photocatalytic applications.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant 22205173)the Innovation Capability Support Program of Shaanxi(Grant 2024CX‐GXPT‐12)。
文摘The metal‐reduction‐induced dechlorination coupling(MR-DC)strategy enables the first successful synthesis of an all‐inorganic crosslinked phosphazene network(aPN)from hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene(HCCP)under mild reaction conditions.Using Cu as a model,the resulting Cu-aPN(copper‐embedded all‐inorganic phosphazene network)retains the intrinsic N_(3)P_(3)backbone and exhibits an amorphous structure where Cu species are uniformly anchored at dense P/N coordination sites of the network.Time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry(TOF‐SIMS)and X‐ray diffraction(XRD)reveal a gradual CuCl‐to‐CuO phase conversion during ammonia treatment,which effectively ensures the structural stability of the phosphazene framework.In 1 M KOH,Cu-aPN delivers an overpotential of 280 mV at 10 mA cm^(−2)and a Tafel slope of 48 mV dec^(−1),markedly outperforming Ga-aPN.In situ Raman and density functional theory(DFT)analyses indicate stronger Cu-P/N coordination coupling that lowers the*OH formation barrier(0.39 vs.0.88 eV for Ga).This MR-DC route furnishes a general and versatile pathway for constructing metal‐embedded all‐inorganic phosphazene frameworks with tunable coordination environments for advanced electrocatalytic applications.
基金supported by Shanghai Municipal Natural Science Foundation,China(No.21ZR1446800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41877425)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.226-2024-00052)。
文摘Microorganisms can colonize the surface of microplastics(MPs)to form a distinctive microbiome,known as a“plastisphere”which is regarded as an anthropogenic niche for microbial growth.However,bacterial community assembly in virgin and aging MP plastispheres across different habitats is poorly understood.This study aims to assess the variations in bacterial community assembly across different niches and habitats with an in situ ex-periment,in which constructed forest wetland(FW),natural lake wetland(LW),and lotus pond wetland(LP)were habitats,and plastispheres of virgin and aging low-density polyethylene(LDPE)MPs,as well as surround-ing wetland soils were niches.Significant niche-related differences in bacterial communities were observed,with lower diversity and enrichment of potential plastic-degrading bacteria in the plastisphere than in the soil bacterial communities.Furthermore,habitat-related differences exerted a more pronounced influence on the beta-diversity patterns of the bacterial communities.The linear regression analyses indicated that the local species pool con-tributed more to bacterial community assembly in the LW wetland,whereas the relative abundance of species was the primary factor in the LP wetland.The null model analysis indicated that plastisphere bacterial communi-ties were predominantly driven by the stochastic process,with a more deterministic assembly observed in the LP wetland and soil bacterial communities.Additionally,the primary ecological process shaping plastisphere com-munities shifted from drift in the virgin LDPE to homogenising dispersal in the aging LDPE.This study provides new insights into the fate and ecological impacts of MPs in wetlands,thereby facilitating the effective regulations of plastic pollution.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22175136)the State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment(Grant No.EIPE23127)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(xtr052024009,xtr052025002).
文摘Violet phosphorus,a recently explored layered elemental semiconductor,has attracted much attention due to its unique photoelectric,mechanical properties,and high hole mobility.Herein,violet arsenic phosphorus has for the first time been synthesized by a molten lead method.The crystal structure of violet arsenic phosphorus(P^(83.4)As_(0.6),CSD-2408761)was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction to have similar structure as that of violet phosphorus,where P12 is occupied by arsenic/phosphorus(As/P)atoms as mixed occupancy sites As1/P12.The arsenic substitution has been demonstrated to tune the band structure of violet phosphorus,switching p-type of violet phosphorus to high-performance n-type violet arsenic phosphorus.The effective electron mass along the<010>direction is significantly reduced from 1.792 to 0.515 m_(0)by arsenic substitution,resulting in an extremely high electron mobility of 2622.503 cm^(2)V^(-1)s^(-1).The field effect transistor built with P_(83.4)As_(0.6)nanosheets was measured to have a high electron mobility(137.06 cm^(2)V^(-1)s^(-1),61.2 nm),even under ambient conditions for 5 h,much higher than the hole mobility of violet phosphorene nanosheets(4.07 cm^(2)V^(-1)s^(-1),73.3 nm).This work provides a new idea for designing phosphorus-based materials for field effect transistors,giving significant potential in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor applications.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(RS-2024-00455177)the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(RS-2025-00518953)+2 种基金the National Research Council of Science&Technology(NST)grant by the Korea government(MSIT)(GTL24012-000)the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(T2322015)the support by The Ministry of Science and ICT in Korea via KBSI(C524100)。
文摘Rechargeable lithium–sulfur(Li–S)batteries are considered promising next-generation energy storage systems owing to their high theoretical energy density,but their application is hindered by the shuttle effect arising from dissolved lithium polysulfides(LiPSs).Herein,we design an optimized electrolyte to achieve long-term stability by employing an appropriate low-polarity solvent.A combination of diethyl ether(DEE)and 1,2-dimethoxyethane(DME)was selected to improve Li metal stability even in the presence of LiPSs.The DEE/DME electrolyte not only suppresses parasitic reactions between Li and LiPSs but also promotes uniform Li deposition.Moreover,operando optical microscopy was employed to directly visualize electrolyte stability and dendrite evolution in real time,while quantitative analysis was conducted via normalized hue index and contour image mapping.The enhanced anode stability of the DEE/DME electrolyte enabled excellent cycling performance,retaining 80.14%of its initial capacity after300 cycles at 3 C,while maintaining superior performance under practical conditions with high sulfur loading and a low E/S ratio.These findings highlight that solvent properties critically influence Li metal stabilization in Li–S batteries and underscore the significance of solvent engineering in electrolyte design.
基金National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)Ministry of Science and ICT,Grant/Award Number:RS-2024-00449682+2 种基金Korean government (MSIT),Grant/Award Numbers:RS-2025-00519449, RS-2023-00236572, RS-2022-NR072058KIST Institutional Program,Grant/Award Number:2E33940Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI),Grant/Award Numbers:KSC-2023-CRE-0059, KSC-2023-CRE-0332, KSC-2023-CRE-0251, KSC-2023-CRE-0355。
文摘Anion exchange membrane fuel cells(AEMFCs) offer a sustainable energy solution with non-precious metal catalysts,reduced degradation,and fuel flexibility.However,the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) at the cathode and durability concerns impede commercialization.To address these challenges,this study presents a dual-atomic SiFe-N-C catalyst derived from pinecones,a naturally abundant biomass resource.The catalyst features a nitrogen-rich porous carbon matrix that stabilizes Si-Fe dual-atomic sites during pyrolysis.Advanced analyses confirm Fe-Si and Fe-N bonds,which synergistically enhance ORR activity by optimizing electronic structures and intermediate adsorption energies.The SiFe-N-C catalyst surpasses Pt/C and Fe-N-C single-atom benchmarks with superior ORR activity and excellent long-term durability supported by high resistance to CO poisoning as well as methanol crossover.It also demonstrates a promising electrochemical performance as a catalytic material for the separator of Li-S battery.Mechanistic studies reveal that the Si-Fe dual-atomic configuration promotes an efficient Fe-O-O-Si pathway,reducing energy barriers and offering a cost-effective,high-performance solution for electrochemical energy conversion and storage applications.
文摘The recent effort by The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)Network has revealed that gastric cancer,which is a leading cause of cancerrelated deaths worldwide with a 5-year survival rate less than 25%,is a much more heterogeneous disease than previously thought.And yet,conventional treatment approaches and clinical trials have assumed it is a single disease.
基金supported by the Projects of Zhejiang Province Non-profit Technology Research(No.2013C33180),China
文摘In many traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） hospitals, most patients are elderly with chronic diseases. Nosocomial bloodstream infections （nBSIs） are an important cause of morbidity and mortality. A retrospective sur- veillance study was performed to examine the epidemiology and microbiology of nBSIs in a TCM hospital from 2009 to 2011. A total of 482 patients with nBSIs were included in the study period. The incidence rate was 5.7/1000 admissions Escherichia coli （25.5%） was the most common Gram-negative and coagulase-negative staphylococcus （CONS） （14.1%） was the most common Gram-positive organism isolated. One-third of the E. coli and Klebsie/la pneumoniae isolated from the nBSIs were the third-generation cephalosporin-resistant. Half of the Acinetobacter species isolates were resistant to imipenem. Of all the CoNS isolates, 90.7% were resistant to methicillin. Carbapenems and glyco- peptide were the most frequently used for nBSI therapy. Only about one-third of patients （157/482） received appro- priate empirical therapy. Septic shock, hemodialysis, Pitt bacteremia score 〉4, urinary tract infection, and appropriate empirical therapy were most strongly associated with 28-d mortality. The incidence of nBSIs was low in the TCM hospital but the proportion of nBSIs due to antibiotic-resistant organisms was high. A high Pitt bacteremia score was one of the most important risk factors for mortality in nBSIs. Therefore, the implementation of appropriate empirical therapy is crucial to improve the clinical outcome of nBSIs.
文摘Klinefelter syndrome （KS） is the set of symptoms that result from the presence of an extra X chromosome in males. Postnatal population-based KS screening will enable timely diagnosis of this common chromosomal disease, providing the opportunity for early intervention and therapy at the time point when they are most effective and may prevent later symptoms or complications. Therefore, through this study, we introduced a simple high-resolution melting （HRM） assay for KS screening and evaluated its clinical sensitivity and specificity in three medical centers using 1373 clinical blood samples. The HRM assay utilized a single primer pair to simultaneously amplify specific regions in zinc finger protein, X-linked （ZFX） and zinc finger protein, Y-linked （ZFY）. In cases of KS, the ratios of ZFX/ZFYare altered compared to those in normal males. As a result, the specific melting profiles differ and can be differentiated during data analysis. This HRM assay displayed high analytical specificity over a wide range of template DNA amounts （5 ng-50 ng） and reproducibility, high resolution for detecting KS mosaicism, and high clinical sensitivity （100%） and specificity （98.1%）. Moreover, the HRM assay was rapid （2 h per run）, inexpensive （0.2 USD per sample）, easy to perform and automatic, and compatible with both whole blood samples and dried blood spots. Therefore, this HRM assay is an ideal postnatal population-based KS screening tool that can be used for different age groups.
基金This work was supported financially by Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31971408,31670181)Forestry Technology Innovation and Extension of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.LYKJ[2019]48)+1 种基金Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu ProvinceGraduate Student Scientific Research Innovation Projects in Yangzhou University(Grant No.XKYCX18_089).
文摘The pollen intine plays important roles in pollen germination and tube growth,but related information in Ginkgo biloba remains unclear.We isolated and obtained de-exined pollen from G.biloba.Using fluorescent probes,we observed the strongest cellulose fluorescence in the pollen intine.De-esterified pectin immunolabeled with JIM5 was present throughout the entire cell wall,whereas esterified pectin recognized by the monoclonal antibody JIM7 was concentrated in some regions.Callose staining with aniline blue was observed across the entire surface of the pollen intine.These results were confirmed by Fourier Transform InfraRed(FTIR)analysis.We also used proteomic approaches to identify different proteins between mature and de-exined pollen(48h after hydration)in vitro.Based on mass spectrometry,de-exined pollen had more proteins than mature pollen,including calmodulin,serine hydroxymethyltransferase,β-galactosidase 6,and class IV chitinase.According to Gene Ontology(GO)analysis,the differentially expressed proteins were mainly associated with transportation,defense reaction,sugar metabolism,energy metabolism,signal transduction,and cell wall formation.These findings suggest that most proteins involved in pollen germination and pollen tube growth are synthesized during pollen hydration,indicating the important role of pollen hydration in the reproductive process of G.Biloba.
文摘Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua from five different areas was used as experimental material,total saponins and total flavonoids.Colorimetric analysis method was used to compare those contents.The results showed that the contents of Polygonatum polysaccharides from different areas were in the range of 8.09%~11.78%,whereas the content of total saponins and total flavonoids was quite different,which were 2.73%~5.01%and 0.21%~0.71%,respectively.In general,these Polygonatum samples had higher polysaccharide content with obvious differences for the contents of total saponins and a low contents of flavones.
基金This study has been supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 20675082）；the Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars from National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 20425516）；the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences （KSCX2-SW-329, KGCX2-SW-213）.
文摘Correspondence factor analysis （CFA） was employed to study the selectivity of 14 HPLC systems. The tested LC systems were classified as reversed-phase （RP）, ion-exchange （IE） and hydrophilic interaction chromatography （HILIC） modes. It was found that the retentions of the hydrophilic solutes on HILIC column were significantly influenced by the second-order effects besides their hydrophilic properties. Organic modifiers and residue silanol groups on silica surface both participated in retention. HypersilTM amino column performed separation in the HILIC mode at appropriate conditions, and its retention mechanism was more similar to that of HILIC silica column than that of HILIC column coating poly（aspartamide） groups.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61233006)the Seed Industry Development Project of Shanghai,China(Grant No.2016,1-8)+1 种基金Shanghai Agriculture Applied Technology Development Program,China(Grant No.20170304)X.Y.was supported by the State Scholarship Fund of China Scholarship Council(No.201706230173).
文摘Lettuce is an important leafy vegetable that represents a significant dietary source of antioxidants and bioactive compounds.However,the levels of metabolites in different lettuce cultivars are poorly characterized.In this study,we used combined GC×GC-TOF/MS and UPLC-IMS-QTOF/MS to detect and relatively quantify metabolites in 30 lettuce cultivars representing large genetic diversity.Comparison with online databases,the published literature,standards as well using collision cross-section values enabled putative identification of 171 metabolites.Sixteen of these 171 metabolites(including phenolic acid derivatives,glycosylated flavonoids,and one iridoid)were present at significantly different levels in leaf and head type lettuces,which suggested the significant metabolomic variations between the leaf and head types of lettuce are related to secondary metabolism.A combination of the results and metabolic network analysis techniques suggested that leaf and head type lettuces contain not only different levels of metabolites but also have significant variations in the corresponding associated metabolic networks.The novel lettuce metabolite library and novel non-targeted metabolomics strategy devised in this study could be used to further characterize metabolic variations between lettuce cultivars or other plants.Moreover,the findings of this study provide important insight into metabolic adaptations due to natural and human selection,which could stimulate further research to potentially improve lettuce quality,yield,and nutritional value.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(10475025).
文摘The main compounds of off-odor volatiles from irradiated refrigerated vacuum-packaged pork were ana- lyzed by gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC-MS).The analytical results showed that the main compounds of off-odor volatiles were dimethyl disulfide,dimethyl sulfide,dimethyl trisulfide,S-methyl thioacetate,and methanethiol.It was proved that the off-odor volatile came from irradiated S-containing amino acid and thiamin.
基金supported by the Special Edu-cational Research Budget(Research Promotion)[FY2009]the Special Budget(Project)[FY2010 and later years]from the Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology(MEXT),Japansupported by the GRENE Arctic Climate Change Research Project,Japan
文摘To comprehensively understand the Arctic and Antarctic upper atmosphere, it is often crucial to analyze various data that are obtained from many regions. Infrastructure that promotes such interdisciplinary studies on the upper atmosphere has been developed by a Japanese inter-university project called the Inter-university Upper atmosphere Global Observation Network （1UGONET）. The objective of this paper is to describe the infrastructure and tools developed by IUGONET. We focus on the data analysis software. It is written in Interactive Data Language （IDL） and is a plug-in for the THEMIS Data Analysis Software suite （TDAS）, which is a set of IDL libraries used to visualize and analyze satellite- and ground-based data. We present plots of upper atmospheric data provided by IUGONET as examples of applications, and verify the usefulness of the software in the study of polar science. We discuss IUGONET＇s new and unique developments, i.e., an executable file of TDAS that can run on the IDL Virtual Machine, IDL routines to retrieve metadata from the IUGONET database, and an archive of 3-D simulation data that uses the Common Data Format so that it can easily be used with TDAS.
文摘Study of 1986 and 1987 heavy metal distribution in surface water of the Kuroshio area in the East China Sea showed regional and slight seasonal variations in distribution and concentration . Heavy metal levels in Taiwan Strait, the sea area north of Taiwan and the continental shelf are higher than those in the main axis of the Kuroshio . Dissolved Cu in summer and winter decreases with the increase of salinity , but dissolved Cd has no obvious change with salinity .
文摘The cause of the premature failure of 304 stainless steel tube heat exchanger was investigated.The unique skeleton structure inside the leakage point reveals that this is a new damage mechanism caused by a δ+γ two-phase structure and crevice corrosion.The three-dimensional structure of the leakage point was demonstrated using X-ray diffraction topography.The results of scanning electron microscope examination show the microstructure of the weld to be columnar and dendritic.It is found by electron probe microscope analysis and transmission electron microscopy that columnar dendrites consisted of γ-dendrite and an amount of δ-ferrite phases at the dendrite trunk.Simulated corrosion test results confirmed that the corrosion medium was the chloride ion.Crevice corrosion of chloride ions occurred at weld defects on the inner wall thus forming a concentration cell.Grains of columnar dendrites were then corroded by chloride ions and δ-ferrite phases on the grain boundaries were retained,which formed the particular skeleton corrosion structure.As a result,it led to leakage when the corrosion of weld occurred from the inner wall to the outer wall.
