<strong>Background:</strong><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> EEG is one of the most sensitive instrumental techniques for identifying sep...<strong>Background:</strong><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> EEG is one of the most sensitive instrumental techniques for identifying sepsis-related neurological complications and a valuable tool in the ICU when clinical assessment is difficult. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Aim of the Study:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> To detect EEG changes in neonates with evidence of sepsis.</span><a name="_Toc508467354"></a> <b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Patients and Methods</span></b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> This was a prospective observational study for detecting EEG changes in cases of proven neonatal sepsis. This study was conducted at the NICU of Al Zahraa University Hospital for a period from October 2019 to March 2020. Our studied neonates were 50. This study included full-term newborns (37 to 42 weeks of gestational age) with clinical and laboratory evidence of sepsis (early and late onset). Neonatal birth asphyxia, jaundice, congenital malformations, suspected inborn error of metabolism and neonates electrolytes disturbances were excluded from the study. We record EEG changes during 20 min By an electroencephalogram</span><b> </b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(EEG) with abioelectric amplifier (Deltamed, Bourgogne), (Philips) Screen.</span><b> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Among our studied neonates (neonates with evidence sepsis), 44.0% developed clinical seizures, 81% of the seizures group had abnormal EEG, 35.7% of No seizures group had abnormal EEG. Among our studied neonates, 56% had abnormal EEG EEG abnormalities were as follow, 26%/ had low voltage, 30% had spikes, 22% had sharp waves. </span><b><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span><i> </i></span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">About 35% (one third) of neonates who didn’t develop clinical seizures had abnormal EEG, suggesting a poor correlation between clinical and electroencephalographic detection of seizures.</span></span>展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong><b><i><span style="font-family:""> </span></i></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Mechanical ventilation (M...<strong>Background:</strong><b><i><span style="font-family:""> </span></i></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Mechanical ventilation (MV) is one of the most common therapies in the neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. MV is a complex and highly specialized area in neonatology that has several complications related to different modes, techniques, and devices.</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Aim of the Study</span></b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">:</span></b><b><span style="font-family:""> </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">To detect the causes of morbidity and mortality in mechanically ventilated neonates and to correlate the neonatal morbidity and mortality with gestational age, birth weight and duration of MV.</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><b><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Patients and Methods:</span><i> </i></span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">This prospective observation analytical study was carried out on 110 neonates who were admitted to NICU at Al-Zahraa university hospital on MV during the period from March 2019 to March 2020. All neonates were followed up till the time of discharge with record of any complications during mechanical ventilation. Detailed medical history, examination to detect indication of MV and laboratory,</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">radiological investigations were recorded.</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">As regard the general characterization of studied neonates, 64 (58.2%) were males while the rest 46 (41.8%) were females, 50 (45.4%) were full term (37</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">42 wks), 42</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(38.18%) were early preterm (28</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">33</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">wks), 18 (16.3%) were late preterm</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(34</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">42 wks</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">). </span><b><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span><i> </i></span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Among </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">110 mechanically ventilated neonates</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 58.2% were males, 41.8% were females. The most common indication for MV in the studied cases was respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in 30% neonates. Ventilator associated pnemonia and Devices associated infection were the most common complications related to MV (19.1% and 11.8% respectively). While septic shock and multiorgan failure were the most common complications related to the underlying disease (24%). There is a significant negative association between gestational age, birth weight and mortality in mechanically ventilated neonates.</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the overall recovery was 59.1% among studied neonates.</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><b><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span><i> </i></span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Respiratory disorders were the commonest indication of MV in NICU mostly RDS. Ventilator associated pneumonia and devices associated infection are common complications. Preterm and low birth weight neonates are vulnerable group for need of mechanical ventilation.</span>展开更多
Background: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID), characterized by abdominal pain or discomfort and alteration in bowel habits. Aim of the study: To determine the over...Background: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID), characterized by abdominal pain or discomfort and alteration in bowel habits. Aim of the study: To determine the overall prevalence, prevalence of each type and risk factors of IBS among Northern Border University (NBU) students, Arar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Material and methods: We use cross sectional, descriptive study with multistage cluster probability sample. Using Rome III criteria questionnaire of IBS;which is a self-administrated consists of ten questions assessing the current status of an apparently normal person. The questionnaire is administrated to Northern Border University students. Results: A total of 228 University students of them, 94 (41.2%) males and 134 (58.8%) females were included in the study. The overall prevalence of IBS according to Rome III criteria in northern border University was (32.5%). The disease prevalence was 33.6% in females and 30.9% in males. Among the study participants, the most common type of IBS was the mixed one 12.7%, followed by the constipation predominant type 10.5%, then the diarrhea pre-dominant type 5.7% while the least common was unsubtyped cases (3.5%). Statistically significant increase in prevalence of this disease was found among female students (60.8% vs. 39.2% in males) (p-value < 0.05), the students who experienced psychic stress and irritability (79.7%) (p-value < 0.05) and students who were obese (p-value < 0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study concluded the prevalence rate of 32.5% for IBS among the students studying in Northern Border University. Stress and high body mass index were significantly associated with IBS. In addition, this study concluded that IBS was not significantly associated with socio-demographic characteristics and smoking.展开更多
Parkinson’s disease remains a major clinical issue in terms of early detection,especially during its prodromal stage when symptoms are not evident or not distinct.To address this problem,we proposed a new deep learni...Parkinson’s disease remains a major clinical issue in terms of early detection,especially during its prodromal stage when symptoms are not evident or not distinct.To address this problem,we proposed a new deep learning 2-based approach for detecting Parkinson’s disease before any of the overt symptoms develop during their prodromal stage.We used 5 publicly accessible datasets,including UCI Parkinson’s Voice,Spiral Drawings,PaHaW,NewHandPD,and PPMI,and implemented a dual stream CNN–BiLSTM architecture with Fisher-weighted feature merging and SHAP-based explanation.The findings reveal that the model’s performance was superior and achieved 98.2%,a F1-score of 0.981,and AUC of 0.991 on the UCI Voice dataset.The model’s performance on the remaining datasets was also comparable,with up to a 2–7 percent betterment in accuracy compared to existing strong models such as CNN–RNN–MLP,ILN–GNet,and CASENet.Across the evidence,the findings back the diagnostic promise of micro-tremor assessment and demonstrate that combining temporal and spatial features with a scatter-based segment for a multi-modal approach can be an effective and scalable platform for an“early,”interpretable PD screening system.展开更多
Recent advancements in Zn-halogen batteries have focused on enhancing the adsorptive or catalytic capability of host materials and stabilizing complex intermediates with electrolyte additives,while the halogen-ion ele...Recent advancements in Zn-halogen batteries have focused on enhancing the adsorptive or catalytic capability of host materials and stabilizing complex intermediates with electrolyte additives,while the halogen-ion electrolyte modifications exhibit strong potential for integrated interfacial regulation.Herein,we design an electrically insulating rigid electrolyte container to immobilize a liquid halogen-ion electrolyte for separator-free Zn-halogen batteries with customizable electron transfer.Robust hydrogen bonding of hydroxyl groups in SiO_(2)with fluorinated moieties in PVDF-hfp regulates Zn^(2+)solvation and suppresses H_(2)O activity,while multi-channels formed by microcracks and interparticle gaps not only enhance mass transfer but also buffer interfacial electric field,jointly enabling a durable Zn plating/stripping.Effective confinement of intermediates also ensures the high reversibility across single-(I^(-)/I0),double-(I^(-)/I0/I^(-)),and triple-(I^(-)/I0/I^(-),Cl-/Cl0)electron transfer mechanisms at cathode,as evidenced by the double-electron transfer systems exhibiting a low capacity decay rate of 0.02‰over 4500 cycles at 10 mA cm^(-2)and a high areal capacity of 11.9 mAh cm^(-2)at 2 mA cm^(-2).This work presents a novel“container engineering”approach to halogen-ion electrolyte design and provides fundamental insights into the relationships between redox reversibility and reaction kinetics.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong> Anterior Corpus Callosotomy is a palliative treatment for drug-resistant generalized or multifocal epilepsy patients where focus excision is not an option for management. Callo...<strong>Background:</strong> Anterior Corpus Callosotomy is a palliative treatment for drug-resistant generalized or multifocal epilepsy patients where focus excision is not an option for management. Callosotomy prevents propagation of epileptic discharge from one cerebral hemisphere to the other. <strong>Objective: </strong>To describe Al-Azhar University Hospitals experience and clinical outcome of Anterior Corpus Callosotomy for management of drug-resistant generalized epilepsy patients as an inexpensive palliative method. <strong>Patients and Methods:</strong> In this study, there are 15 patients admitted to Neurosurgery Department in Al-Azhar University Hospitals with drug-resistant generalized epilepsy. These patients were not candidates for lesionectomy. They were managed by anterior two thirds Corpus Callosotomy between February 2017 and December 2019. They were followed at outpatient clinic for at least 14 months. Clinical outcome regarding seizure control was assessed using Engel classification. <strong>Results:</strong> All 15 patients in this study underwent anterior two thirds corpus callosotomy and followed for at least 14 months. The post-operative improvement of seizure frequency has been evaluated using Engel outcome scale with 12 patients (80%) of the patients becoming Engel class II and 3 patients (20%) becoming Engel class III. Only 3 patients (20%) had minor transient postoperative complications;one patient (6.67%) had contra-lateral lower limb heaviness Grade 4 which was transient, one patient (6.67%) had contra-lateral lower limb Jacksonian focal fits and one patient (6.67%) had behavioral changes for one month. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Corpus callosotomy is a palliative procedure and inexpensive method for management of patients with intractable focal with generalization and generalized drug-resistant epilepsy who are not suitable for resective surgery and with good outcome.展开更多
The Gaza Strip(365 km^(2))of Palestine(27,000 km^(2))is home to a wealth of terrestrial vertebrate fauna.Some of these faunistic species find their ways to preservation at the local universities.Hence,the current stud...The Gaza Strip(365 km^(2))of Palestine(27,000 km^(2))is home to a wealth of terrestrial vertebrate fauna.Some of these faunistic species find their ways to preservation at the local universities.Hence,the current study comes to document the Palestinian terrestrial vertebrate fauna acquired by the biology exhibitions(BEs)of Al-Azhar University,Islamic University of Gaza and Al-Aqsa University that are located at the Gaza City of the Gaza Strip.The amphibians,reptiles,birds and mammals preserved at BEs of the universities in question were surveyed and scientifically classified during a three-month period extending from January to March,2012.The study showed that all BEs of local universities are underdeveloped,lacking attention and suffer from specimen scarcity and good preservation.The BE at Al-Azhar University is the best in the arrangement and preservation of bird specimens.A total number of 200 specimens belonging to 54 terrestrial vertebrate fauna species,39 families and 17 orders was recorded at BEs.Reptiles constituted 40.7%of the total species recorded,followed by birds(38.9%),mammals(14.8%)and amphibians(5.6%).The Islamic University of Gaza was considered the best in terms of the number of preserved species(39.8%),followed by Al-Azhar University(36.3%)and Al-Aqsa University(23.9%).The Common Toad(Bufo viridis)was the most preserved among the amphibian species recorded.Squamata was the biggest reptilian order,comprising 20 species(8 lizards and 12 snakes),with the Syrian Black Snake(Coluber jugularis asianus)was the commonest.The Palestine Viper(Vipera palaestinae)is endemic to Palestine and most venomous and dangerous to human health.The Great White Pelican(Pelecanus onocrotalus)was the largest Palestinian bird preserved at BE of Al-Azhar University.The Egyptian Mongoose(Herpestes ichneumon)and the Common Badger(Meles meles)were the biggest mammalian specimens preserved,while the Palestine Mole-rat(Spalax leucodon ehrenbergi)was the only Palestine endemic species encountered among the preserved mammals.Finally,the improvement of BEs of local universities and the construction of a Central Museum of Natural History is highly recommended in order to change the Palestinians’attitudes toward a sustainable ecological conservation in the Gaza Strip.展开更多
With the continuous development of electronic devices and the information industry towards miniaturization,integration,and high-power consumption,the using of electronic devices will inevitably generate and accumulate...With the continuous development of electronic devices and the information industry towards miniaturization,integration,and high-power consumption,the using of electronic devices will inevitably generate and accumulate heat,which will cause local high temperatures and will seriously reduce their performance,reliability,and lifetime.Therefore,having efficient heat-conducting functional materials is crucial to the normal and stable operation of electrical equipment and microelectronic products.In view of the excellent comprehensive performance of polymer-based thermally conductive materials(including intrinsic polymers and filler-filled polymer-based composites),it has shown great advantages in thermal management applications.In this review,the research status of preparing polymer-based thermally conductive composites and effective strategies to improve their thermal conductivity(TC)are reviewed.Compared with the higher cost and technical support with adjusting the molecular chain structure and cross-linking mode to improve the intrinsic TC of the polymer,introducing suitable fillers into the polymer to build a thermally conductive network or oriented structure can simply and efficiently improve the overall TC.Typical applications of polymer-based composites were discussed with detailed examples in the field of electronic packaging.Challenges and possible solutions to solve the issues are discussed together with the perspectives.This study provides guidance for the future development of polymer-based thermally conductive composites.展开更多
As a typical bioflavonoid,diosmetin is desirable in the field of natural medicine,healthy food,and cosmetics by anti-cancer,antibacterial,antioxidant,estrogen-like and anti-inflammatory activities,and it comes from a ...As a typical bioflavonoid,diosmetin is desirable in the field of natural medicine,healthy food,and cosmetics by anti-cancer,antibacterial,antioxidant,estrogen-like and anti-inflammatory activities,and it comes from a wide range of sources in traditional Chinese medicine like spider fragrance,spearmint and chrysanthemum,as well as in Citrus fruit.However,traditional analytical methods such as silica gel column chromatography face multiple challenges in the selective extraction of diosmetin from biological materials and traditional Chinese medicinal materials.Therefore,it is urgent to develop a new type of absorbent with high efficiency,recyclability and good specificity to diosmetin.In this investigation,a magnetic surface molecularly imprinted polymer(labeled as Diosmetin/SMIPs)was synthesized employing magnetic nanoparticles as the carrier and 4-vinylpyridinyl(4-VP)as the functional monomer by surface imprinting technology.The functional monomer was screened by the binding energy(△E)between functional monomers and template molecules via computational simulation.The Diosmetin/SMIPs had a high level of specific recognition and adsorption capability towards diosmetin with a 20.25 mg g^(-1) adsorption capacity and an imprinting factor(IF)of 2.28.Additionally,it demonstrated excellent regeneration performance with 8 adsorption/desorption cycles.In addition,91.20%-94.16% of spiked diosmetin was recovered from the lemon peel samples.The strategy of constructing Diosmetin/SMIPs based on computational simulation can effectively enhance the specific adsorption performance of diosmetin.Meanwhile,Diosmetin/SMIPs synthesized by imprinting polymerization showed excellent anti-interference and reusability,and realized efficient targeted extraction of diosmetin from lemon peel samples.The results of this investigation provide a promising adsorbent for selective enrichment of diosmetin from Citrus fruit and complicated materials.展开更多
Hearing and Speech impairment can be congenital or acquired.Hearing and speech-impaired students often hesitate to pursue higher education in reputable institutions due to their challenges.However,the development of a...Hearing and Speech impairment can be congenital or acquired.Hearing and speech-impaired students often hesitate to pursue higher education in reputable institutions due to their challenges.However,the development of automated assistive learning tools within the educational field has empowered disabled students to pursue higher education in any field of study.Assistive learning devices enable students to access institutional resources and facilities fully.The proposed assistive learning and communication tool allows hearing and speech-impaired students to interact productively with their teachers and classmates.This tool converts the audio signals into sign language videos for the speech and hearing-impaired to follow and converts the sign language to text format for the teachers to follow.This educational tool for the speech and hearing-impaired is implemented by customized deep learning models such as Convolution neural networks(CNN),Residual neural Networks(ResNet),and stacked Long short-term memory(LSTM)network models.This assistive learning tool is a novel framework that interprets the static and dynamic gesture actions in American Sign Language(ASL).Such communicative tools empower the speech and hearing impaired to communicate effectively in a classroom environment and foster inclusivity.Customized deep learning models were developed and experimentally evaluated with the standard performance metrics.The model exhibits an accuracy of 99.7% for all static gesture classification and 99% for specific vocabulary of gesture action words.This two-way communicative and educational tool encourages social inclusion and a promising career for disabled students.展开更多
Tissue culture is one of the most promising and practical methods for conserving endangered plant species.Therefore,the present study evaluates the conservation of the endangered seaweed Sargassum fusiforme through ti...Tissue culture is one of the most promising and practical methods for conserving endangered plant species.Therefore,the present study evaluates the conservation of the endangered seaweed Sargassum fusiforme through tissue culturing techniques from different explants for the first time.Besides,the genetic variation of the mother plant and cultivated explants using inter-simple sequence repeat(ISSR)techniques;this methodology was the first to be illustrated in such work for algae tissue culturing.The regeneration results have shown that different explants could induce shoot and rhizoid morphogenesis with a total number of blades of 2436,1011,1466,678,and 6 from apical parts,stipe with blades,two-segmented seedlings,rhizoids,and stipe without blades,respectively.The total length was 234,181.8,83.5,and 81.8 cm from the two-segmented seedlings,apical parts,stipe without blades,and stipe with blades,respectively.At the same time,the total wet weight was 73.148,48.369,35.731,18.588,and 2.035 g from the apical parts,the two-segmented seedlings,stipe with blades,rhizoids,and stipe without blades,respectively.Micropropagation of S.fusiforme was successfully achieved with apical,stipe,and stolon segments using free PES media.It is suggested that the applied genetic fingerprint is valid for S.fusiforme and will respond well to molecular marker assistance in cultivation.The significance of S.fusiforme and its exposure to being endangered due to over-exploitation have made its regeneration in vitro a subject of interest in this study.Thus,this report represents the successful regeneration of S.fusiforme and explores the genetic uniformity or somaclonal variation of the obtained seedlings using the ISSR-PCR marker for the first time.展开更多
According the importance of the stored grains and other products,it is an essential to keep them from khapra beetle,Trogoderma granarium infestation.This study determined the mortality percentage of 5th instar larvae ...According the importance of the stored grains and other products,it is an essential to keep them from khapra beetle,Trogoderma granarium infestation.This study determined the mortality percentage of 5th instar larvae of T.granarium fed on wheat seeds(25 gm)treated with different weights of silica as well as silica nanoparticles(20,40,60 and 80 mg)at different temperature(9℃,25℃,and 35℃).Study showed that using silica nanoparticles in cold temperature(9℃)was the most efficient treatment with the lowest LC_(50)(lethal concentration required to kill 50%of the population)value and caused the highest toxicity index.In contrast,the least efficient treatment(25℃)with the highest LC_(50) value and showed lowest toxicity index was using silica in normal temperature,when using silica nanoparticles,the cold temperature was the best condition followed by hot temperature(35℃)and finally the normal temperature.On the other hand,using silica in hot temperature was most effective followed by silica with cold temperature and finally silica with normal temperature.The biochemical assays revealed that the change in the experimental temperature had a nonsignificant effect on the total protein content of the larvae.The total lipids and total carbohydrates exhibited a significant increase due to hot treating.5th instar larvae of T.granarium treated with LC50 of silica at high temperature led to a nonsignificant(p≤0.05)decrease in Acetylcholinesterase(AchE)activity compared to treatment at normal temperature.In contrast,Glutathione S-transferase(GST)and Peroxidase activities were significantly(p≤0.05)raised due to the treatment conducted at high temperature.Additionally,treating larvae with LC50 of silica nanoparticles at low temperature caused a significant increase in both GST and peroxidase activities,while the increase in AChE was nonsignificantly(p≤0.05)compared to treatment at normal temperature.Using silica at low temperature could be used as an alternative to chemical insecticides to control T.granarium larvae.展开更多
Geological setting,facies characteristics,and geochemistry,including TGA(thermo-gravimetric analysis)of Paleogene deposits in east Beni Suef region(Egypt),were studied in the present work.Lithostratigraphically,the ar...Geological setting,facies characteristics,and geochemistry,including TGA(thermo-gravimetric analysis)of Paleogene deposits in east Beni Suef region(Egypt),were studied in the present work.Lithostratigraphically,the area consists of three rock units,arranged from oldest to youngest:Tarbul Member of Beni Suef Formation(MiddleLate Eocene),Maadi Formation(Late Eocene),and Gebel Ahmar Formation(Oligocene),this last formation registered for the first time in the east of Beni Suef area(Egypt).Seven microfacies types(F1-F7)were determined by the microscopic examination of the studied samples in low-to high-energy and shallow-subtidal marine conditions.The lithostratigraphic,petrological,and geochemical results revealed that the Eocene succession in the present area is composed mainly of carbonates as well as siliciclastics.The Oligocene Gebel Ahmar Formation consists mainly of silica and iron oxides.The enrichment of the rock units with iron oxides in the studied area,as well as the high proportions of trace elements such as Zr,Ba,V,and Sr,in particular in the Gebel Ahmar Formation,reflects the influence of the hydrothermal solutions during the Oligocene.TGA,which monitors weight changes during heating at a constant rate,was used to determine the thermal stability and volatile component content of the materials.The ferruginous sandstone of Gebel Ahmar Formation exhibits various decomposition phases when exposed to thermal inf luences,with TGA indicating an initial mass decrease starting at 61.8℃.In contrast,the ferruginous limestone of the Maadi Formation shows a single-phase mass decrease between 650 and 875℃.展开更多
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)now affects roughly one-quarter of the world’s population,reflecting the global spread of obesity and insulin resistance.Reframing non-alcoholic fatty liver ...Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)now affects roughly one-quarter of the world’s population,reflecting the global spread of obesity and insulin resistance.Reframing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as MAFLD emphasizes its metabolic roots and spotlights the gut-liver axis,where intestinal dysbiosis acts as a key driver of hepatic injury.Altered microbial com-munities disrupt epithelial integrity,promote bacterial translocation,and trigger endotoxin-mediated inflammation that accelerates steatosis,lipotoxicity,and fibrogenesis.Concurrent shifts in bile acid signaling and short-chain fatty acid profiles further impair glucose and lipid homeostasis,amplifying cardiometabolic risk.Epidemiological studies reveal pervasive dysbiosis in MAFLD cohorts,linked to diet quality,sedentary behavior,adiposity,and host genetics.Newly developed microbiome-derived biomarkers,advanced elastography,and integrated multi-omics panels hold promise for non-invasive diagnosis and stratification,although external validation remains limited.In early trials,interventions that re-engineer the microbiota including tailored pre-/pro-/synbiotics,rational diet patterns,next-generation fecal microbiota transplantation,and bile-acid-modulating drugs show encouraging histological and metabolic gains.Optimal care will likely couple these tools with weight-centered lifestyle programmes in a pre-cision-medicine framework.Key challenges include inter-ethnic variability in microbiome signatures,the absence of consensus treatment algorithms,and regulatory barriers to live biotherapeutics.Rigorous longitudinal studies are required to translate mechanistic insight into durable clinical benefit and improve patient-centered outcome measures.展开更多
BACKGROUND Acrylamide(ACR),a toxic compound commonly found in heat-processed foods,poses a serious risk to liver health due to its oxidative and inflammatory effects.AIM To evaluate the hepatoprotective potential of g...BACKGROUND Acrylamide(ACR),a toxic compound commonly found in heat-processed foods,poses a serious risk to liver health due to its oxidative and inflammatory effects.AIM To evaluate the hepatoprotective potential of ginger extract in mitigating ACR-induced liver toxicity in a rat model.METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into control,ACR-treated,and ACR+ginger-treated groups.Liver function enzymes[alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alkaline phosphatase(ALP)],oxidative stress biomarkers[malondialdehyde(MDA),glutathione(GSH),catalase(CAT),superoxide dismutase(SOD)],and histopathological assessments were performed.In addition,gene expression analyses of key antioxidant and inflammatory markers were conducted using quantitative polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS ACR administration significantly increased serum levels of ALT,AST,ALP,and MDA,while reducing levels of GSH,CAT,and SOD.Histological analysis revealed hepatic degeneration and inflammation.Co-administration of ginger extract significantly reversed these effects,restoring antioxidant enzyme levels,reducing oxidative stress,and improving liver histoarchitecture.CONCLUSION Ginger extract exhibited strong hepatoprotective effects against ACR-induced toxicity through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.These findings support the potential role of ginger as a natural dietary intervention for mitigating liver damage caused by environmental toxins.Further clinical studies are recommended to confirm its efficacy in human populations.展开更多
BACKGROUND Laparoscopic appendectomy(LA)is the standard treatment for acute appendicitis in children,offering reduced postoperative pain and quicker recovery compared to open surgery.A critical aspect of LA is the sec...BACKGROUND Laparoscopic appendectomy(LA)is the standard treatment for acute appendicitis in children,offering reduced postoperative pain and quicker recovery compared to open surgery.A critical aspect of LA is the secure closure of the appendiceal stump to avoid complications such as leakage and abscess formation.Various closure techniques are employed,including endoloops(ELs),staplers,clips,and energy devices;however,the optimal method remains unclear due to inconsistent evidence.AIM To systematically evaluate and rank the effectiveness and safety of different appendiceal stump closure techniques used in pediatric LA.By assessing outcomes such as postoperative complications,operative time,and length of hospital stay,this analysis seeks to provide evidence-based guidance to clarify clinical decision-making and optimize patient care.METHODS This systematic review and network meta-analysis,conducted according to PRISMA and Cochrane guidelines,compared the effectiveness and safety of stump closure methods in pediatric LA.Databases searched included PubMed,Cochrane Central,Web of Science,and Scopus up to May 1,2025.Eligible studies included both randomized and non-randomized designs reporting surgical outcomes in pediatric patients.Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.A frequentist network meta-analysis with a random-effects model was conducted using R software to evaluate total complications(primary outcome),as well as operative time and hospital stay(secondary outcomes).P-scores were used to rank the effectiveness of treatments.RESULTS Fourteen studies comprising over 50000 pediatric patients were included in the network meta-analysis comparing appendiceal stump closure techniques in LA.No significant differences in total postoperative complications or hospital stay were observed among techniques,including EL,endostapler,polymer clip,LigaSure,harmonic scalpel(HS),and sutures.HS showed a statistically significant reduction in operative time compared to EL(mean difference:-13.5 minutes),while other methods did not demonstrate significant time savings.No technique was associated with a statistically significant increase or decrease in postoperative complications or length of stay.Publication bias was minimal,and the methodological quality of included studies was moderate to good.CONCLUSION While all closure techniques show similar safety profiles,HS offers shorter operating times.These findings support tailoring stump closure method selection based on operative efficiency and resource availability.展开更多
BACKGROUND Chronic liver disease is a growing global health problem,leading to hepatic decompensation characterized by an array of clinical and biochemical complic-ations.Several scoring systems have been introduced i...BACKGROUND Chronic liver disease is a growing global health problem,leading to hepatic decompensation characterized by an array of clinical and biochemical complic-ations.Several scoring systems have been introduced in assessing the severity of hepatic decompensation with the most frequent ones are Child-Pugh score,model of end-stage liver disease(MELD)score,and MELD-Na score.Anemia is frequently observed in cirrhotic patients and is linked to worsened clinical outcomes.Although studies have explored anemia in liver disease,few have investigated the correlation of hemoglobin level with the severity of hepatic decompensation.AIM To determine the relationship between hemoglobin levels and the severity of decompensated liver disease and comparing the strength of this correlation using the Child-Pugh,MELD,and MELD-Na scores.METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital with 652 decompensated liver disease patients enrolled in the study.Data was collected on demographics,clinical history,and laboratory findings,including hemoglobin levels,bilirubin,albumin,prothrombin time(international normalized ratio),sodium,and creatinine.The Child-Pugh,MELD,and MELD-Na scores were calculated.Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26,and correlations between hemoglobin levels and severity scores were assessed using Spearman's correlation coefficient.RESULTS The study included 405 males(62.1%)and 247 females(37.9%)with an average age of 58.8 years.Significant inverse correlations were found between hemoglobin levels and Child-Pugh,MELD,and MELD-Na scores(P<0.01),with the MELD scoring system being the strongest correlator among all.One-way analysis of variance revealed significant differences in hemoglobin levels across the severity groups of each scoring system(P=0.001).Tukey's post hoc analysis confirmed significant internal differences among each severity group.CONCLUSION Understanding the correlation between hemoglobin and liver disease severity can improve patient management by offering insights into prognosis and guiding treatment decisions.展开更多
Effective water distribution and transparency are threatened with being outrightly undermined unless the good name of urban infrastructure is maintained.With improved control systems in place to check leakage,variabil...Effective water distribution and transparency are threatened with being outrightly undermined unless the good name of urban infrastructure is maintained.With improved control systems in place to check leakage,variability of pressure,and conscientiousness of energy,issues that previously went unnoticed are now becoming recognized.This paper presents a grandiose hybrid framework that combines Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning(MADRL)with Shapley Additive Explanations(SHAP)-based Explainable AI(XAI)for adaptive and interpretable water resource management.In the methodology,the agents perform decentralized learning of the control policies for the pumps and valves based on the real-time network states,while also providing human-understandable explanations of the agents’decisions,using SHAP.This framework has been validated on five very diverse datasets,three of which are real-world scenarios involving actual water consumption from NYC and Alicante,with the other two being simulationbased standards such as LeakDB and the Water Distribution System Anomaly(WDSA)network.Empirical results demonstrate that the MADRL SHAP hybrid system reduces water loss by up to 32%,improves energy efficiency by+up to 25%,and maintains pressure stability between 91%and 93%,thereby outperforming the traditional rule-based control,single-agent DRL(Deep Reinforcement Learning),and XGBoost SHAP baselines.Furthermore,SHAP-based+interpretation brings transparency to the proposed model,with the average explanation consistency for all prediction models reaching 88%,thus further reinforcing the trustworthiness of the system on which the decision-making is based and empowering the utility operators to derive actionable insights from the model.The proposed framework addresses the critical challenges of smart water distribution.展开更多
In the Fatira(Abu Zawal)mine area,located in the northern Eastern Desert of Egypt,fieldwork and mineralogical analysis,integrated with machine learning techniques applied to Landsat-8 OLI,ASTER,and Sentinel-2 multi-sp...In the Fatira(Abu Zawal)mine area,located in the northern Eastern Desert of Egypt,fieldwork and mineralogical analysis,integrated with machine learning techniques applied to Landsat-8 OLI,ASTER,and Sentinel-2 multi-spectral imagery(MSI)data delineate gold-sulfide mineralization in altered rocks.Gold(Au)anomalies in hydrothermal breccias and quartz veins are associated with NE-oriented felsite dykes and silicified granitic rocks.Two main alteration types are identified:a pyrite-sericite-quartz and a sulfide-chlorite-carbonate assemblage,locally with dispersed free-milling Au specks.Dimensionality reduction techniques,including principal component analysis(PCA)and independent component analysis(ICA),enabled mapping of alteration types.Sentinel-2 PC125 composite images offered efficient lithological differentiation,while supervised classifications,i.e.,the support vector machine(SVM)of Landsat-8 yielded an accuracy of 88.55%and a Kappa value of 0.86.ASTER mineral indices contributed to map hydrothermal alteration mineral phases,including sericite,muscovite,kaolinite,and iron oxides.Results indicate that post-magmatic epigenetic hydrothermal activity significantly contributed to the Au-sulfide mineralization in the Fatira area,distinguishing it from the more prevalent orogenic gold deposits in the region.展开更多
Background:Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a severe inflammation of the pancreas,marked by elevated enzyme levels,cellular inflammation,and necrosis.Recent studies emphasize the critical role of inflammation in AP progressio...Background:Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a severe inflammation of the pancreas,marked by elevated enzyme levels,cellular inflammation,and necrosis.Recent studies emphasize the critical role of inflammation in AP progression.Tirzepatide,a multi-target agonist of glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide(GIP)receptors,has demonstrated notable anti-inflammatory and metabolic benefits.Methods:This study explores the therapeutic potential of Tirzepatide in pancreatitis induced by L-arginine in rats,focusing on enzymatic markers,cytokine profiles,oxidative stress,and histological outcomes.Over 27 days,rats were distributed into Control,Tirzepatide,L-Arginine,and L-Arginine+Tirzepatide groups,with the latter receiving L-Arginine to induce pancreatitis followed by Tirzepatide administration.Results:L-Arginine significantly elevated serum amylase,lipase,and inflammatory mediators(IL-6,IL-4,and IL-10),alongside oxidative stress markers and histopathological deterioration.Conversely,the L-Arginine+Tirzepatide group exhibited reduced lipase and IL-6 levels,suppressed reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation,and enhanced anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10.Histopathological analysis revealed reduced necrosis and tissue damage in the L-Arginine+Tirzepatide group compared to the L-Arginine group,indicating Tirzepatide's possible protective effects.Immunofluorescence studies further demonstrated increased p-Akt expression,supporting the role of Tirzepatide in cellular repair and recovery.Conclusion:These findings highlight Tirzepatide's ability to mitigate pancreatic damage through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms,underscoring its potential as a pharmacological agent for acute pancreatitis.展开更多
文摘<strong>Background:</strong><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> EEG is one of the most sensitive instrumental techniques for identifying sepsis-related neurological complications and a valuable tool in the ICU when clinical assessment is difficult. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Aim of the Study:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> To detect EEG changes in neonates with evidence of sepsis.</span><a name="_Toc508467354"></a> <b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Patients and Methods</span></b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> This was a prospective observational study for detecting EEG changes in cases of proven neonatal sepsis. This study was conducted at the NICU of Al Zahraa University Hospital for a period from October 2019 to March 2020. Our studied neonates were 50. This study included full-term newborns (37 to 42 weeks of gestational age) with clinical and laboratory evidence of sepsis (early and late onset). Neonatal birth asphyxia, jaundice, congenital malformations, suspected inborn error of metabolism and neonates electrolytes disturbances were excluded from the study. We record EEG changes during 20 min By an electroencephalogram</span><b> </b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(EEG) with abioelectric amplifier (Deltamed, Bourgogne), (Philips) Screen.</span><b> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Among our studied neonates (neonates with evidence sepsis), 44.0% developed clinical seizures, 81% of the seizures group had abnormal EEG, 35.7% of No seizures group had abnormal EEG. Among our studied neonates, 56% had abnormal EEG EEG abnormalities were as follow, 26%/ had low voltage, 30% had spikes, 22% had sharp waves. </span><b><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span><i> </i></span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">About 35% (one third) of neonates who didn’t develop clinical seizures had abnormal EEG, suggesting a poor correlation between clinical and electroencephalographic detection of seizures.</span></span>
文摘<strong>Background:</strong><b><i><span style="font-family:""> </span></i></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Mechanical ventilation (MV) is one of the most common therapies in the neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. MV is a complex and highly specialized area in neonatology that has several complications related to different modes, techniques, and devices.</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Aim of the Study</span></b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">:</span></b><b><span style="font-family:""> </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">To detect the causes of morbidity and mortality in mechanically ventilated neonates and to correlate the neonatal morbidity and mortality with gestational age, birth weight and duration of MV.</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><b><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Patients and Methods:</span><i> </i></span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">This prospective observation analytical study was carried out on 110 neonates who were admitted to NICU at Al-Zahraa university hospital on MV during the period from March 2019 to March 2020. All neonates were followed up till the time of discharge with record of any complications during mechanical ventilation. Detailed medical history, examination to detect indication of MV and laboratory,</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">radiological investigations were recorded.</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">As regard the general characterization of studied neonates, 64 (58.2%) were males while the rest 46 (41.8%) were females, 50 (45.4%) were full term (37</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">42 wks), 42</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(38.18%) were early preterm (28</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">33</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">wks), 18 (16.3%) were late preterm</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(34</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">42 wks</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">). </span><b><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span><i> </i></span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Among </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">110 mechanically ventilated neonates</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 58.2% were males, 41.8% were females. The most common indication for MV in the studied cases was respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in 30% neonates. Ventilator associated pnemonia and Devices associated infection were the most common complications related to MV (19.1% and 11.8% respectively). While septic shock and multiorgan failure were the most common complications related to the underlying disease (24%). There is a significant negative association between gestational age, birth weight and mortality in mechanically ventilated neonates.</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the overall recovery was 59.1% among studied neonates.</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><b><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span><i> </i></span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Respiratory disorders were the commonest indication of MV in NICU mostly RDS. Ventilator associated pneumonia and devices associated infection are common complications. Preterm and low birth weight neonates are vulnerable group for need of mechanical ventilation.</span>
文摘Background: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID), characterized by abdominal pain or discomfort and alteration in bowel habits. Aim of the study: To determine the overall prevalence, prevalence of each type and risk factors of IBS among Northern Border University (NBU) students, Arar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Material and methods: We use cross sectional, descriptive study with multistage cluster probability sample. Using Rome III criteria questionnaire of IBS;which is a self-administrated consists of ten questions assessing the current status of an apparently normal person. The questionnaire is administrated to Northern Border University students. Results: A total of 228 University students of them, 94 (41.2%) males and 134 (58.8%) females were included in the study. The overall prevalence of IBS according to Rome III criteria in northern border University was (32.5%). The disease prevalence was 33.6% in females and 30.9% in males. Among the study participants, the most common type of IBS was the mixed one 12.7%, followed by the constipation predominant type 10.5%, then the diarrhea pre-dominant type 5.7% while the least common was unsubtyped cases (3.5%). Statistically significant increase in prevalence of this disease was found among female students (60.8% vs. 39.2% in males) (p-value < 0.05), the students who experienced psychic stress and irritability (79.7%) (p-value < 0.05) and students who were obese (p-value < 0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study concluded the prevalence rate of 32.5% for IBS among the students studying in Northern Border University. Stress and high body mass index were significantly associated with IBS. In addition, this study concluded that IBS was not significantly associated with socio-demographic characteristics and smoking.
基金supported via funding from Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University project number(PSAU/2025/03/32440).
文摘Parkinson’s disease remains a major clinical issue in terms of early detection,especially during its prodromal stage when symptoms are not evident or not distinct.To address this problem,we proposed a new deep learning 2-based approach for detecting Parkinson’s disease before any of the overt symptoms develop during their prodromal stage.We used 5 publicly accessible datasets,including UCI Parkinson’s Voice,Spiral Drawings,PaHaW,NewHandPD,and PPMI,and implemented a dual stream CNN–BiLSTM architecture with Fisher-weighted feature merging and SHAP-based explanation.The findings reveal that the model’s performance was superior and achieved 98.2%,a F1-score of 0.981,and AUC of 0.991 on the UCI Voice dataset.The model’s performance on the remaining datasets was also comparable,with up to a 2–7 percent betterment in accuracy compared to existing strong models such as CNN–RNN–MLP,ILN–GNet,and CASENet.Across the evidence,the findings back the diagnostic promise of micro-tremor assessment and demonstrate that combining temporal and spatial features with a scatter-based segment for a multi-modal approach can be an effective and scalable platform for an“early,”interpretable PD screening system.
基金supported by the Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Hunan Province(2023JJ10060)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22575269)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(2023QNRC001)。
文摘Recent advancements in Zn-halogen batteries have focused on enhancing the adsorptive or catalytic capability of host materials and stabilizing complex intermediates with electrolyte additives,while the halogen-ion electrolyte modifications exhibit strong potential for integrated interfacial regulation.Herein,we design an electrically insulating rigid electrolyte container to immobilize a liquid halogen-ion electrolyte for separator-free Zn-halogen batteries with customizable electron transfer.Robust hydrogen bonding of hydroxyl groups in SiO_(2)with fluorinated moieties in PVDF-hfp regulates Zn^(2+)solvation and suppresses H_(2)O activity,while multi-channels formed by microcracks and interparticle gaps not only enhance mass transfer but also buffer interfacial electric field,jointly enabling a durable Zn plating/stripping.Effective confinement of intermediates also ensures the high reversibility across single-(I^(-)/I0),double-(I^(-)/I0/I^(-)),and triple-(I^(-)/I0/I^(-),Cl-/Cl0)electron transfer mechanisms at cathode,as evidenced by the double-electron transfer systems exhibiting a low capacity decay rate of 0.02‰over 4500 cycles at 10 mA cm^(-2)and a high areal capacity of 11.9 mAh cm^(-2)at 2 mA cm^(-2).This work presents a novel“container engineering”approach to halogen-ion electrolyte design and provides fundamental insights into the relationships between redox reversibility and reaction kinetics.
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> Anterior Corpus Callosotomy is a palliative treatment for drug-resistant generalized or multifocal epilepsy patients where focus excision is not an option for management. Callosotomy prevents propagation of epileptic discharge from one cerebral hemisphere to the other. <strong>Objective: </strong>To describe Al-Azhar University Hospitals experience and clinical outcome of Anterior Corpus Callosotomy for management of drug-resistant generalized epilepsy patients as an inexpensive palliative method. <strong>Patients and Methods:</strong> In this study, there are 15 patients admitted to Neurosurgery Department in Al-Azhar University Hospitals with drug-resistant generalized epilepsy. These patients were not candidates for lesionectomy. They were managed by anterior two thirds Corpus Callosotomy between February 2017 and December 2019. They were followed at outpatient clinic for at least 14 months. Clinical outcome regarding seizure control was assessed using Engel classification. <strong>Results:</strong> All 15 patients in this study underwent anterior two thirds corpus callosotomy and followed for at least 14 months. The post-operative improvement of seizure frequency has been evaluated using Engel outcome scale with 12 patients (80%) of the patients becoming Engel class II and 3 patients (20%) becoming Engel class III. Only 3 patients (20%) had minor transient postoperative complications;one patient (6.67%) had contra-lateral lower limb heaviness Grade 4 which was transient, one patient (6.67%) had contra-lateral lower limb Jacksonian focal fits and one patient (6.67%) had behavioral changes for one month. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Corpus callosotomy is a palliative procedure and inexpensive method for management of patients with intractable focal with generalization and generalized drug-resistant epilepsy who are not suitable for resective surgery and with good outcome.
基金My thanks are due to Mr.Ismail S.Radwan and Mr.Bashar S.Jarayseh for their continuous help with technical support throughout the current study.
文摘The Gaza Strip(365 km^(2))of Palestine(27,000 km^(2))is home to a wealth of terrestrial vertebrate fauna.Some of these faunistic species find their ways to preservation at the local universities.Hence,the current study comes to document the Palestinian terrestrial vertebrate fauna acquired by the biology exhibitions(BEs)of Al-Azhar University,Islamic University of Gaza and Al-Aqsa University that are located at the Gaza City of the Gaza Strip.The amphibians,reptiles,birds and mammals preserved at BEs of the universities in question were surveyed and scientifically classified during a three-month period extending from January to March,2012.The study showed that all BEs of local universities are underdeveloped,lacking attention and suffer from specimen scarcity and good preservation.The BE at Al-Azhar University is the best in the arrangement and preservation of bird specimens.A total number of 200 specimens belonging to 54 terrestrial vertebrate fauna species,39 families and 17 orders was recorded at BEs.Reptiles constituted 40.7%of the total species recorded,followed by birds(38.9%),mammals(14.8%)and amphibians(5.6%).The Islamic University of Gaza was considered the best in terms of the number of preserved species(39.8%),followed by Al-Azhar University(36.3%)and Al-Aqsa University(23.9%).The Common Toad(Bufo viridis)was the most preserved among the amphibian species recorded.Squamata was the biggest reptilian order,comprising 20 species(8 lizards and 12 snakes),with the Syrian Black Snake(Coluber jugularis asianus)was the commonest.The Palestine Viper(Vipera palaestinae)is endemic to Palestine and most venomous and dangerous to human health.The Great White Pelican(Pelecanus onocrotalus)was the largest Palestinian bird preserved at BE of Al-Azhar University.The Egyptian Mongoose(Herpestes ichneumon)and the Common Badger(Meles meles)were the biggest mammalian specimens preserved,while the Palestine Mole-rat(Spalax leucodon ehrenbergi)was the only Palestine endemic species encountered among the preserved mammals.Finally,the improvement of BEs of local universities and the construction of a Central Museum of Natural History is highly recommended in order to change the Palestinians’attitudes toward a sustainable ecological conservation in the Gaza Strip.
基金We acknowledge the Henan Young Backbone Teachers Foundation(No.2021GGJS135)。
文摘With the continuous development of electronic devices and the information industry towards miniaturization,integration,and high-power consumption,the using of electronic devices will inevitably generate and accumulate heat,which will cause local high temperatures and will seriously reduce their performance,reliability,and lifetime.Therefore,having efficient heat-conducting functional materials is crucial to the normal and stable operation of electrical equipment and microelectronic products.In view of the excellent comprehensive performance of polymer-based thermally conductive materials(including intrinsic polymers and filler-filled polymer-based composites),it has shown great advantages in thermal management applications.In this review,the research status of preparing polymer-based thermally conductive composites and effective strategies to improve their thermal conductivity(TC)are reviewed.Compared with the higher cost and technical support with adjusting the molecular chain structure and cross-linking mode to improve the intrinsic TC of the polymer,introducing suitable fillers into the polymer to build a thermally conductive network or oriented structure can simply and efficiently improve the overall TC.Typical applications of polymer-based composites were discussed with detailed examples in the field of electronic packaging.Challenges and possible solutions to solve the issues are discussed together with the perspectives.This study provides guidance for the future development of polymer-based thermally conductive composites.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32301259,32101228,32271527 and 32371536)the“Pioneer”and“Leading Goose”R&D Program of Zhejiang(Nos.2022C02023 and 2023C02015)+1 种基金the Research Foundation of Talented Scholars of Zhejiang A&F University(No.2021LFR058)the Dean-ship of Scientific Research at Northern Border University,Arar,KSA for funding this research work through the project number“NBU-FPEJ-2024-177-01”.
文摘As a typical bioflavonoid,diosmetin is desirable in the field of natural medicine,healthy food,and cosmetics by anti-cancer,antibacterial,antioxidant,estrogen-like and anti-inflammatory activities,and it comes from a wide range of sources in traditional Chinese medicine like spider fragrance,spearmint and chrysanthemum,as well as in Citrus fruit.However,traditional analytical methods such as silica gel column chromatography face multiple challenges in the selective extraction of diosmetin from biological materials and traditional Chinese medicinal materials.Therefore,it is urgent to develop a new type of absorbent with high efficiency,recyclability and good specificity to diosmetin.In this investigation,a magnetic surface molecularly imprinted polymer(labeled as Diosmetin/SMIPs)was synthesized employing magnetic nanoparticles as the carrier and 4-vinylpyridinyl(4-VP)as the functional monomer by surface imprinting technology.The functional monomer was screened by the binding energy(△E)between functional monomers and template molecules via computational simulation.The Diosmetin/SMIPs had a high level of specific recognition and adsorption capability towards diosmetin with a 20.25 mg g^(-1) adsorption capacity and an imprinting factor(IF)of 2.28.Additionally,it demonstrated excellent regeneration performance with 8 adsorption/desorption cycles.In addition,91.20%-94.16% of spiked diosmetin was recovered from the lemon peel samples.The strategy of constructing Diosmetin/SMIPs based on computational simulation can effectively enhance the specific adsorption performance of diosmetin.Meanwhile,Diosmetin/SMIPs synthesized by imprinting polymerization showed excellent anti-interference and reusability,and realized efficient targeted extraction of diosmetin from lemon peel samples.The results of this investigation provide a promising adsorbent for selective enrichment of diosmetin from Citrus fruit and complicated materials.
基金sponsored by Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University(PSAU)as part of funding for its SDG Roadmap Research Funding Programme project number PSAU-2023-SDG-2023/SDG/31.
文摘Hearing and Speech impairment can be congenital or acquired.Hearing and speech-impaired students often hesitate to pursue higher education in reputable institutions due to their challenges.However,the development of automated assistive learning tools within the educational field has empowered disabled students to pursue higher education in any field of study.Assistive learning devices enable students to access institutional resources and facilities fully.The proposed assistive learning and communication tool allows hearing and speech-impaired students to interact productively with their teachers and classmates.This tool converts the audio signals into sign language videos for the speech and hearing-impaired to follow and converts the sign language to text format for the teachers to follow.This educational tool for the speech and hearing-impaired is implemented by customized deep learning models such as Convolution neural networks(CNN),Residual neural Networks(ResNet),and stacked Long short-term memory(LSTM)network models.This assistive learning tool is a novel framework that interprets the static and dynamic gesture actions in American Sign Language(ASL).Such communicative tools empower the speech and hearing impaired to communicate effectively in a classroom environment and foster inclusivity.Customized deep learning models were developed and experimentally evaluated with the standard performance metrics.The model exhibits an accuracy of 99.7% for all static gesture classification and 99% for specific vocabulary of gesture action words.This two-way communicative and educational tool encourages social inclusion and a promising career for disabled students.
基金supported by the grants from China Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation(Nos.HV180101 and HV01-190101)the Xiamen Science and Technology Program(No.3502Z20161162)the Specific Fund Project of Xiamen Marine and Fishery Development(No.19CZP011HJ08).
文摘Tissue culture is one of the most promising and practical methods for conserving endangered plant species.Therefore,the present study evaluates the conservation of the endangered seaweed Sargassum fusiforme through tissue culturing techniques from different explants for the first time.Besides,the genetic variation of the mother plant and cultivated explants using inter-simple sequence repeat(ISSR)techniques;this methodology was the first to be illustrated in such work for algae tissue culturing.The regeneration results have shown that different explants could induce shoot and rhizoid morphogenesis with a total number of blades of 2436,1011,1466,678,and 6 from apical parts,stipe with blades,two-segmented seedlings,rhizoids,and stipe without blades,respectively.The total length was 234,181.8,83.5,and 81.8 cm from the two-segmented seedlings,apical parts,stipe without blades,and stipe with blades,respectively.At the same time,the total wet weight was 73.148,48.369,35.731,18.588,and 2.035 g from the apical parts,the two-segmented seedlings,stipe with blades,rhizoids,and stipe without blades,respectively.Micropropagation of S.fusiforme was successfully achieved with apical,stipe,and stolon segments using free PES media.It is suggested that the applied genetic fingerprint is valid for S.fusiforme and will respond well to molecular marker assistance in cultivation.The significance of S.fusiforme and its exposure to being endangered due to over-exploitation have made its regeneration in vitro a subject of interest in this study.Thus,this report represents the successful regeneration of S.fusiforme and explores the genetic uniformity or somaclonal variation of the obtained seedlings using the ISSR-PCR marker for the first time.
文摘According the importance of the stored grains and other products,it is an essential to keep them from khapra beetle,Trogoderma granarium infestation.This study determined the mortality percentage of 5th instar larvae of T.granarium fed on wheat seeds(25 gm)treated with different weights of silica as well as silica nanoparticles(20,40,60 and 80 mg)at different temperature(9℃,25℃,and 35℃).Study showed that using silica nanoparticles in cold temperature(9℃)was the most efficient treatment with the lowest LC_(50)(lethal concentration required to kill 50%of the population)value and caused the highest toxicity index.In contrast,the least efficient treatment(25℃)with the highest LC_(50) value and showed lowest toxicity index was using silica in normal temperature,when using silica nanoparticles,the cold temperature was the best condition followed by hot temperature(35℃)and finally the normal temperature.On the other hand,using silica in hot temperature was most effective followed by silica with cold temperature and finally silica with normal temperature.The biochemical assays revealed that the change in the experimental temperature had a nonsignificant effect on the total protein content of the larvae.The total lipids and total carbohydrates exhibited a significant increase due to hot treating.5th instar larvae of T.granarium treated with LC50 of silica at high temperature led to a nonsignificant(p≤0.05)decrease in Acetylcholinesterase(AchE)activity compared to treatment at normal temperature.In contrast,Glutathione S-transferase(GST)and Peroxidase activities were significantly(p≤0.05)raised due to the treatment conducted at high temperature.Additionally,treating larvae with LC50 of silica nanoparticles at low temperature caused a significant increase in both GST and peroxidase activities,while the increase in AChE was nonsignificantly(p≤0.05)compared to treatment at normal temperature.Using silica at low temperature could be used as an alternative to chemical insecticides to control T.granarium larvae.
文摘Geological setting,facies characteristics,and geochemistry,including TGA(thermo-gravimetric analysis)of Paleogene deposits in east Beni Suef region(Egypt),were studied in the present work.Lithostratigraphically,the area consists of three rock units,arranged from oldest to youngest:Tarbul Member of Beni Suef Formation(MiddleLate Eocene),Maadi Formation(Late Eocene),and Gebel Ahmar Formation(Oligocene),this last formation registered for the first time in the east of Beni Suef area(Egypt).Seven microfacies types(F1-F7)were determined by the microscopic examination of the studied samples in low-to high-energy and shallow-subtidal marine conditions.The lithostratigraphic,petrological,and geochemical results revealed that the Eocene succession in the present area is composed mainly of carbonates as well as siliciclastics.The Oligocene Gebel Ahmar Formation consists mainly of silica and iron oxides.The enrichment of the rock units with iron oxides in the studied area,as well as the high proportions of trace elements such as Zr,Ba,V,and Sr,in particular in the Gebel Ahmar Formation,reflects the influence of the hydrothermal solutions during the Oligocene.TGA,which monitors weight changes during heating at a constant rate,was used to determine the thermal stability and volatile component content of the materials.The ferruginous sandstone of Gebel Ahmar Formation exhibits various decomposition phases when exposed to thermal inf luences,with TGA indicating an initial mass decrease starting at 61.8℃.In contrast,the ferruginous limestone of the Maadi Formation shows a single-phase mass decrease between 650 and 875℃.
文摘Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)now affects roughly one-quarter of the world’s population,reflecting the global spread of obesity and insulin resistance.Reframing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as MAFLD emphasizes its metabolic roots and spotlights the gut-liver axis,where intestinal dysbiosis acts as a key driver of hepatic injury.Altered microbial com-munities disrupt epithelial integrity,promote bacterial translocation,and trigger endotoxin-mediated inflammation that accelerates steatosis,lipotoxicity,and fibrogenesis.Concurrent shifts in bile acid signaling and short-chain fatty acid profiles further impair glucose and lipid homeostasis,amplifying cardiometabolic risk.Epidemiological studies reveal pervasive dysbiosis in MAFLD cohorts,linked to diet quality,sedentary behavior,adiposity,and host genetics.Newly developed microbiome-derived biomarkers,advanced elastography,and integrated multi-omics panels hold promise for non-invasive diagnosis and stratification,although external validation remains limited.In early trials,interventions that re-engineer the microbiota including tailored pre-/pro-/synbiotics,rational diet patterns,next-generation fecal microbiota transplantation,and bile-acid-modulating drugs show encouraging histological and metabolic gains.Optimal care will likely couple these tools with weight-centered lifestyle programmes in a pre-cision-medicine framework.Key challenges include inter-ethnic variability in microbiome signatures,the absence of consensus treatment algorithms,and regulatory barriers to live biotherapeutics.Rigorous longitudinal studies are required to translate mechanistic insight into durable clinical benefit and improve patient-centered outcome measures.
文摘BACKGROUND Acrylamide(ACR),a toxic compound commonly found in heat-processed foods,poses a serious risk to liver health due to its oxidative and inflammatory effects.AIM To evaluate the hepatoprotective potential of ginger extract in mitigating ACR-induced liver toxicity in a rat model.METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into control,ACR-treated,and ACR+ginger-treated groups.Liver function enzymes[alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alkaline phosphatase(ALP)],oxidative stress biomarkers[malondialdehyde(MDA),glutathione(GSH),catalase(CAT),superoxide dismutase(SOD)],and histopathological assessments were performed.In addition,gene expression analyses of key antioxidant and inflammatory markers were conducted using quantitative polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS ACR administration significantly increased serum levels of ALT,AST,ALP,and MDA,while reducing levels of GSH,CAT,and SOD.Histological analysis revealed hepatic degeneration and inflammation.Co-administration of ginger extract significantly reversed these effects,restoring antioxidant enzyme levels,reducing oxidative stress,and improving liver histoarchitecture.CONCLUSION Ginger extract exhibited strong hepatoprotective effects against ACR-induced toxicity through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.These findings support the potential role of ginger as a natural dietary intervention for mitigating liver damage caused by environmental toxins.Further clinical studies are recommended to confirm its efficacy in human populations.
文摘BACKGROUND Laparoscopic appendectomy(LA)is the standard treatment for acute appendicitis in children,offering reduced postoperative pain and quicker recovery compared to open surgery.A critical aspect of LA is the secure closure of the appendiceal stump to avoid complications such as leakage and abscess formation.Various closure techniques are employed,including endoloops(ELs),staplers,clips,and energy devices;however,the optimal method remains unclear due to inconsistent evidence.AIM To systematically evaluate and rank the effectiveness and safety of different appendiceal stump closure techniques used in pediatric LA.By assessing outcomes such as postoperative complications,operative time,and length of hospital stay,this analysis seeks to provide evidence-based guidance to clarify clinical decision-making and optimize patient care.METHODS This systematic review and network meta-analysis,conducted according to PRISMA and Cochrane guidelines,compared the effectiveness and safety of stump closure methods in pediatric LA.Databases searched included PubMed,Cochrane Central,Web of Science,and Scopus up to May 1,2025.Eligible studies included both randomized and non-randomized designs reporting surgical outcomes in pediatric patients.Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.A frequentist network meta-analysis with a random-effects model was conducted using R software to evaluate total complications(primary outcome),as well as operative time and hospital stay(secondary outcomes).P-scores were used to rank the effectiveness of treatments.RESULTS Fourteen studies comprising over 50000 pediatric patients were included in the network meta-analysis comparing appendiceal stump closure techniques in LA.No significant differences in total postoperative complications or hospital stay were observed among techniques,including EL,endostapler,polymer clip,LigaSure,harmonic scalpel(HS),and sutures.HS showed a statistically significant reduction in operative time compared to EL(mean difference:-13.5 minutes),while other methods did not demonstrate significant time savings.No technique was associated with a statistically significant increase or decrease in postoperative complications or length of stay.Publication bias was minimal,and the methodological quality of included studies was moderate to good.CONCLUSION While all closure techniques show similar safety profiles,HS offers shorter operating times.These findings support tailoring stump closure method selection based on operative efficiency and resource availability.
文摘BACKGROUND Chronic liver disease is a growing global health problem,leading to hepatic decompensation characterized by an array of clinical and biochemical complic-ations.Several scoring systems have been introduced in assessing the severity of hepatic decompensation with the most frequent ones are Child-Pugh score,model of end-stage liver disease(MELD)score,and MELD-Na score.Anemia is frequently observed in cirrhotic patients and is linked to worsened clinical outcomes.Although studies have explored anemia in liver disease,few have investigated the correlation of hemoglobin level with the severity of hepatic decompensation.AIM To determine the relationship between hemoglobin levels and the severity of decompensated liver disease and comparing the strength of this correlation using the Child-Pugh,MELD,and MELD-Na scores.METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital with 652 decompensated liver disease patients enrolled in the study.Data was collected on demographics,clinical history,and laboratory findings,including hemoglobin levels,bilirubin,albumin,prothrombin time(international normalized ratio),sodium,and creatinine.The Child-Pugh,MELD,and MELD-Na scores were calculated.Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26,and correlations between hemoglobin levels and severity scores were assessed using Spearman's correlation coefficient.RESULTS The study included 405 males(62.1%)and 247 females(37.9%)with an average age of 58.8 years.Significant inverse correlations were found between hemoglobin levels and Child-Pugh,MELD,and MELD-Na scores(P<0.01),with the MELD scoring system being the strongest correlator among all.One-way analysis of variance revealed significant differences in hemoglobin levels across the severity groups of each scoring system(P=0.001).Tukey's post hoc analysis confirmed significant internal differences among each severity group.CONCLUSION Understanding the correlation between hemoglobin and liver disease severity can improve patient management by offering insights into prognosis and guiding treatment decisions.
基金supported via funding from Prince sattam bin Abdulaziz University project number(PSAU/2025/R/1446).
文摘Effective water distribution and transparency are threatened with being outrightly undermined unless the good name of urban infrastructure is maintained.With improved control systems in place to check leakage,variability of pressure,and conscientiousness of energy,issues that previously went unnoticed are now becoming recognized.This paper presents a grandiose hybrid framework that combines Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning(MADRL)with Shapley Additive Explanations(SHAP)-based Explainable AI(XAI)for adaptive and interpretable water resource management.In the methodology,the agents perform decentralized learning of the control policies for the pumps and valves based on the real-time network states,while also providing human-understandable explanations of the agents’decisions,using SHAP.This framework has been validated on five very diverse datasets,three of which are real-world scenarios involving actual water consumption from NYC and Alicante,with the other two being simulationbased standards such as LeakDB and the Water Distribution System Anomaly(WDSA)network.Empirical results demonstrate that the MADRL SHAP hybrid system reduces water loss by up to 32%,improves energy efficiency by+up to 25%,and maintains pressure stability between 91%and 93%,thereby outperforming the traditional rule-based control,single-agent DRL(Deep Reinforcement Learning),and XGBoost SHAP baselines.Furthermore,SHAP-based+interpretation brings transparency to the proposed model,with the average explanation consistency for all prediction models reaching 88%,thus further reinforcing the trustworthiness of the system on which the decision-making is based and empowering the utility operators to derive actionable insights from the model.The proposed framework addresses the critical challenges of smart water distribution.
基金the National Science Foundation of China (Grant No. NSFC: 92162213)the Geology Department Faculty of Science of Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch)+2 种基金the China Scholarship CouncilChang'an UniversityIstanbul Technical University's Scientific Research Project (BAP Project ID: 45396, code: FHD-2024-45396)
文摘In the Fatira(Abu Zawal)mine area,located in the northern Eastern Desert of Egypt,fieldwork and mineralogical analysis,integrated with machine learning techniques applied to Landsat-8 OLI,ASTER,and Sentinel-2 multi-spectral imagery(MSI)data delineate gold-sulfide mineralization in altered rocks.Gold(Au)anomalies in hydrothermal breccias and quartz veins are associated with NE-oriented felsite dykes and silicified granitic rocks.Two main alteration types are identified:a pyrite-sericite-quartz and a sulfide-chlorite-carbonate assemblage,locally with dispersed free-milling Au specks.Dimensionality reduction techniques,including principal component analysis(PCA)and independent component analysis(ICA),enabled mapping of alteration types.Sentinel-2 PC125 composite images offered efficient lithological differentiation,while supervised classifications,i.e.,the support vector machine(SVM)of Landsat-8 yielded an accuracy of 88.55%and a Kappa value of 0.86.ASTER mineral indices contributed to map hydrothermal alteration mineral phases,including sericite,muscovite,kaolinite,and iron oxides.Results indicate that post-magmatic epigenetic hydrothermal activity significantly contributed to the Au-sulfide mineralization in the Fatira area,distinguishing it from the more prevalent orogenic gold deposits in the region.
文摘Background:Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a severe inflammation of the pancreas,marked by elevated enzyme levels,cellular inflammation,and necrosis.Recent studies emphasize the critical role of inflammation in AP progression.Tirzepatide,a multi-target agonist of glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide(GIP)receptors,has demonstrated notable anti-inflammatory and metabolic benefits.Methods:This study explores the therapeutic potential of Tirzepatide in pancreatitis induced by L-arginine in rats,focusing on enzymatic markers,cytokine profiles,oxidative stress,and histological outcomes.Over 27 days,rats were distributed into Control,Tirzepatide,L-Arginine,and L-Arginine+Tirzepatide groups,with the latter receiving L-Arginine to induce pancreatitis followed by Tirzepatide administration.Results:L-Arginine significantly elevated serum amylase,lipase,and inflammatory mediators(IL-6,IL-4,and IL-10),alongside oxidative stress markers and histopathological deterioration.Conversely,the L-Arginine+Tirzepatide group exhibited reduced lipase and IL-6 levels,suppressed reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation,and enhanced anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10.Histopathological analysis revealed reduced necrosis and tissue damage in the L-Arginine+Tirzepatide group compared to the L-Arginine group,indicating Tirzepatide's possible protective effects.Immunofluorescence studies further demonstrated increased p-Akt expression,supporting the role of Tirzepatide in cellular repair and recovery.Conclusion:These findings highlight Tirzepatide's ability to mitigate pancreatic damage through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms,underscoring its potential as a pharmacological agent for acute pancreatitis.
