Most forest fires in the Margalla Hills are related to human activities and socioeconomic factors are essential to assess their likelihood of occurrence.This study considers both environmental(altitude,precipitation,f...Most forest fires in the Margalla Hills are related to human activities and socioeconomic factors are essential to assess their likelihood of occurrence.This study considers both environmental(altitude,precipitation,forest type,terrain and humidity index)and socioeconomic(population density,distance from roads and urban areas)factors to analyze how human behavior affects the risk of forest fires.Maximum entropy(Maxent)modelling and random forest(RF)machine learning methods were used to predict the probability and spatial diffusion patterns of forest fires in the Margalla Hills.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and the area under the ROC curve(AUC)were used to compare the models.We studied the fire history from 1990 to 2019 to establish the relationship between the probability of forest fire and environmental and socioeconomic changes.Using Maxent,the AUC fire probability values for the 1999 s,2009 s,and 2019 s were 0.532,0.569,and 0.518,respectively;using RF,they were 0.782,0.825,and 0.789,respectively.Fires were mainly distributed in urban areas and their probability of occurrence was related to accessibility and human behaviour/activity.AUC principles for validation were greater in the random forest models than in the Maxent models.Our results can be used to establish preventive measures to reduce risks of forest fires by considering socio-economic and environmental conditions.展开更多
In this research,we used the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE)and Geographical Information System(GIS)to predict the annual rate of soil loss in the District Chakwal of Pakistan.The parameters of the RUSLE m...In this research,we used the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE)and Geographical Information System(GIS)to predict the annual rate of soil loss in the District Chakwal of Pakistan.The parameters of the RUSLE model were estimated using remote sensing data,and the erosion probability zones were determined using GIs.The estimated length slope(LS),crop management(C),rainfall erosivity(R),soil erodibility(K),and support practice(P)range from 0-68,227,0-66.61%,0-0.58,495.99-648.68 MJ/mm.t.ha^(-1).year^(-1),0.15-0.25 MJ/mm.t.ha^(-1).year^(-1),and 1 respectively.The results indicate that the estimated total annual potential soi loss of approximately 4,67,064.25 t.ha^(-1).year^(-1) is comparable with the measured'sediment ioss of 11,631 t.ha^(-1).year^(-1) during the water year 2020.The predicted soil erosion rate due to an increase in agricultural area is approximately 164,249.31 t.ha^(-1).year^(-1).In this study,we also used,Landsat imagery to rapidly achieve actual land use classification.Meanwhile,38.i3%of the region was threatened by very high soil erosion,where the quantity of soil erosion ranged from 365487.35 t.ha^(-1).year^(-1),Integrating GIS and remote sensing with the RUSLE model helped researchers achieve their final objectives.Land-use planners and decision-makers use the result's spatial distribution of soil erosion in District Chakwal for conservation and management planning.展开更多
With the continuous development and progress of society, geological prospecting and resource exploration have also put forward new requirements. At present, the most critical technology in geological prospecting and r...With the continuous development and progress of society, geological prospecting and resource exploration have also put forward new requirements. At present, the most critical technology in geological prospecting and resource exploration is geophysical exploration technology. The level of geophysical exploration technology itself has a very direct relationship with the ability of engineers and technicians, and will also directly affect the accuracy of geological resource exploration. Therefore, relevant operators and technicians should also strengthen the operation and application of geophysical exploration technology, fully grasp and utilize its principles, improve work efficiency, select scientific and reasonable geophysical exploration technology, and carry out exploration and analysis of resources. This paper mainly analyzes the basic principles of geophysical exploration technology, as well as the principles and techniques of the specific application of geophysical exploration technology in geological exploration, and carefully analyzes and explores the relevant principles.展开更多
Airborne laser scanning(ALS)has recently been identified as a potential tool in topographic mapping for archaeological prospection.However,most existing applications in this field refers to manned ALS systems,for whic...Airborne laser scanning(ALS)has recently been identified as a potential tool in topographic mapping for archaeological prospection.However,most existing applications in this field refers to manned ALS systems,for which the high operation and maintenance costs limits its application in small-scale archaeological investigation.In this paper,we conducted an exploratory study on the application of the unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)laser scanning(ULS)system in ancient micro-topography detection over wooded areas.Compared with manned ALS technology,we analyzed the advantages and potentials of ULS technology for archaeological applications.Then we outlined existing mainstream survey-grade UAV-based laser scanners,data processing and visualization approaches.Furthermore,we performed case studies in three cultural heritage sites in Zhejiang Province,China using two representative mainstream survey-grade ULS systems.Results were then verified by an in-site investigation.Finally,the correct selection of ULS devices,the planning of data acquisition missions and the use of appropriate data processing methods specifically for archaeological prospection were discussed.This paper provides a cost-effective and flexible solution for micro-topography detection in wooded areas.ULS technology,as demonstrated here,can be an important supplement to existing archaeological investigation methods,particularly for small-scale areas,and has promising prospects in archaeological applications.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2019YFE0127700)。
文摘Most forest fires in the Margalla Hills are related to human activities and socioeconomic factors are essential to assess their likelihood of occurrence.This study considers both environmental(altitude,precipitation,forest type,terrain and humidity index)and socioeconomic(population density,distance from roads and urban areas)factors to analyze how human behavior affects the risk of forest fires.Maximum entropy(Maxent)modelling and random forest(RF)machine learning methods were used to predict the probability and spatial diffusion patterns of forest fires in the Margalla Hills.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and the area under the ROC curve(AUC)were used to compare the models.We studied the fire history from 1990 to 2019 to establish the relationship between the probability of forest fire and environmental and socioeconomic changes.Using Maxent,the AUC fire probability values for the 1999 s,2009 s,and 2019 s were 0.532,0.569,and 0.518,respectively;using RF,they were 0.782,0.825,and 0.789,respectively.Fires were mainly distributed in urban areas and their probability of occurrence was related to accessibility and human behaviour/activity.AUC principles for validation were greater in the random forest models than in the Maxent models.Our results can be used to establish preventive measures to reduce risks of forest fires by considering socio-economic and environmental conditions.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(42071321)This research was funded by the Researchers Supporting Project No.(RSP2023R390)King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘In this research,we used the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE)and Geographical Information System(GIS)to predict the annual rate of soil loss in the District Chakwal of Pakistan.The parameters of the RUSLE model were estimated using remote sensing data,and the erosion probability zones were determined using GIs.The estimated length slope(LS),crop management(C),rainfall erosivity(R),soil erodibility(K),and support practice(P)range from 0-68,227,0-66.61%,0-0.58,495.99-648.68 MJ/mm.t.ha^(-1).year^(-1),0.15-0.25 MJ/mm.t.ha^(-1).year^(-1),and 1 respectively.The results indicate that the estimated total annual potential soi loss of approximately 4,67,064.25 t.ha^(-1).year^(-1) is comparable with the measured'sediment ioss of 11,631 t.ha^(-1).year^(-1) during the water year 2020.The predicted soil erosion rate due to an increase in agricultural area is approximately 164,249.31 t.ha^(-1).year^(-1).In this study,we also used,Landsat imagery to rapidly achieve actual land use classification.Meanwhile,38.i3%of the region was threatened by very high soil erosion,where the quantity of soil erosion ranged from 365487.35 t.ha^(-1).year^(-1),Integrating GIS and remote sensing with the RUSLE model helped researchers achieve their final objectives.Land-use planners and decision-makers use the result's spatial distribution of soil erosion in District Chakwal for conservation and management planning.
文摘With the continuous development and progress of society, geological prospecting and resource exploration have also put forward new requirements. At present, the most critical technology in geological prospecting and resource exploration is geophysical exploration technology. The level of geophysical exploration technology itself has a very direct relationship with the ability of engineers and technicians, and will also directly affect the accuracy of geological resource exploration. Therefore, relevant operators and technicians should also strengthen the operation and application of geophysical exploration technology, fully grasp and utilize its principles, improve work efficiency, select scientific and reasonable geophysical exploration technology, and carry out exploration and analysis of resources. This paper mainly analyzes the basic principles of geophysical exploration technology, as well as the principles and techniques of the specific application of geophysical exploration technology in geological exploration, and carefully analyzes and explores the relevant principles.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant number 41771489the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant number 41701497the Open Foundation of Hengyang Base of International Centre on Space Technologies for Natural and Cultural Heritage under the auspices of UNESCO under grant number HIST19K02.
文摘Airborne laser scanning(ALS)has recently been identified as a potential tool in topographic mapping for archaeological prospection.However,most existing applications in this field refers to manned ALS systems,for which the high operation and maintenance costs limits its application in small-scale archaeological investigation.In this paper,we conducted an exploratory study on the application of the unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)laser scanning(ULS)system in ancient micro-topography detection over wooded areas.Compared with manned ALS technology,we analyzed the advantages and potentials of ULS technology for archaeological applications.Then we outlined existing mainstream survey-grade UAV-based laser scanners,data processing and visualization approaches.Furthermore,we performed case studies in three cultural heritage sites in Zhejiang Province,China using two representative mainstream survey-grade ULS systems.Results were then verified by an in-site investigation.Finally,the correct selection of ULS devices,the planning of data acquisition missions and the use of appropriate data processing methods specifically for archaeological prospection were discussed.This paper provides a cost-effective and flexible solution for micro-topography detection in wooded areas.ULS technology,as demonstrated here,can be an important supplement to existing archaeological investigation methods,particularly for small-scale areas,and has promising prospects in archaeological applications.
