In-field proximal sensing of most major crops nutrients still remains an economical and technical challenge. For this purpose, the use of effective multi-excitation fluorescence and reflectance wavelengths is explored...In-field proximal sensing of most major crops nutrients still remains an economical and technical challenge. For this purpose, the use of effective multi-excitation fluorescence and reflectance wavelengths is explored in this work on Okra plant. Visible-near infrared (400 - 1000 nm) reflectance and multi-fluorescence data were collected at leaf scale in a chemically fertilized field by using an USB spectrometer mounted with an Arduino-based LED driver clip. N, P, K and Ca content of samples leaves were measured using reference methods. Average pods yield and leaves macronutrients content were calibrated using IRIV-PLS regression after spectra pretreatments. Single informative wavelengths bands in reflectance, red and far-red fluorescences were selected for building yield and macronutrient content models. We showed that flowering stage was more suitable for yield prediction. Moderately useful macronutrient models were found in Ca content (RPDval = 1.93, rP = 0.818) and potassium content with RPDval = 1.8, rP = 0.88. P and N yielding prediction performance of RPDval = 1.61 (rP = 0.718 ) and RPDval = 1.46 (rP = 0.56) respectively were less accurate. This study demonstrates potentiality of fluorescence and reflectance spectroscopy for accurate estimation of leaf macronutrient content and crop yield. High selectivity obtained from resulted spectral bands could lead to the development of reliable, rapid and cost-effective devices for nutrient diagnosis.展开更多
Nanotechnology is a developing field in biotechnology. The synthesis of nanoparticles is an important step in the field of nanotechnology. Overcoming the limitations of traditional methods, a green scheme for synthesi...Nanotechnology is a developing field in biotechnology. The synthesis of nanoparticles is an important step in the field of nanotechnology. Overcoming the limitations of traditional methods, a green scheme for synthesizing nanoparticles has emerged. Plants and microorganisms are mainly used for the green synthesis of metal nanoparticles. Some of the nanoparticles showed strong antimicrobial effects against different plant pathogens. Compared with microorganisms, the use of plants to synthesize nanoparticles is on the rise, and has advantages compared with microorganisms, because plants have a wide range of bio-molecular variability, which can act as blocking/stabilizing agents and reducing agents, thereby increasing reduction rate and stability of synthetic nanoparticles. Of all living things, plants seem to have the best potential for nanoparticle biosynthesis and are suitable for large-scale biosynthesis. Compared with microorganisms, the synthesis of plant-derived nanoparticles is faster and more stable. Therefore, this review focuses on the use of microbial and plant sources to synthesize nanoparticles and their applications in agriculture.展开更多
The carried out experimental work aimed at the improvement of the native rabbit zootechnical performances. The goal was to run a genetical progress of an exotic breed ＂the Californian＂ through a crossbreeding with a...The carried out experimental work aimed at the improvement of the native rabbit zootechnical performances. The goal was to run a genetical progress of an exotic breed ＂the Californian＂ through a crossbreeding with a native rabbit. Ten females have been crossed with two native males （L × C） compared to controls Native × Native （N × N） and Californian × Californian （C × C）. The reproduction and growth performances are clearly improved by crossbreeding effect, the recorded heterosis are： 9.43%, 16.34% and 21.93%, respectively for the alive litter size, alive and weaned; 10%, 16.75% and 2.57%, respectively for the alive litter weight, alive and weaned; 2.57% for the individual weight at birth; 10% and 7% for post weaning performances, respectively day mean gains and feed conversion ratio. Weight at slaughter is improved with 167 g, which representing a considerable level for the native population. Genetic crossbreeding between the Algerian native rabbit and the Californian, raised under rearing conditions of the Blida university farm experiment showed its efficiency on the most zootechnical performances. The complementary effect turned up positively on the crossbred rabbits Their post-weaning growth performance is comparable to those of the Californian with a better viability at weaning and slaughtering age.展开更多
Mycoplasma synoviae （MS） is an economically important pathogenic agent of chickens, causing air sacculitis and synovitis. The diagnosis and monitoring of M. synoviae infection is usually made using serological assay...Mycoplasma synoviae （MS） is an economically important pathogenic agent of chickens, causing air sacculitis and synovitis. The diagnosis and monitoring of M. synoviae infection is usually made using serological assays, while confirmative diagnosis is made by isolation and identifcation of the organism, because of the cross reaction between M. gallisepticum and M. synoviae. This study was conducted from 2011 to 2013 during which l l broiler breeder flocks were sampled. These farms were located in all regions of morocco, The sampling was conducted as follows： Farms were visited on day one old chicks ＂day of importation from Europe＂. 20 to 60 ＂chicks＂ were randomly sampled. At the age of 8, 16, 32 and 56 weeks, 60 blood samples and 60 tracheal swabs were collected at each sampling. The serological screening was performed using Rapid Slide Agglutination （RSA） according the OIE protocol and Indirect EL1SA （IDEXX） according the manufacturer＇s instructions. The molecular diagnosis was performed using a commercial kit of a duplex real time PCR （Life Biotechnology）. The results revealed that one day old chicks were negative to MS by RSA and PCR, however they have a variable stock of maternal antibodies （Ig-Y） detected by iELISA. The seroprevalence found by RSA is variable and increase with the age （Sth week： 55%, 16th week： 91%, 32tb and 56th week： 100%）, the same profile was traced by PCR （Sth week： 36%, 16th week： 64%, 32th week： 82%, 56th week： 100%）, however, all farms were positive by iELISA, from the first day to 56th weeks. These results show that MS infections are very frequent and very widespread among poultry breeder flocks, and showed a perfect agreement between serological tests and Real time PCR starting from 32th week of age.展开更多
Composts are recognised as an important source of nutrients for crops. The study aims to valorise agricultural by-products by composts made from broiler (A), laying hen (B) and bovine (C) manures in soilless tomato cu...Composts are recognised as an important source of nutrients for crops. The study aims to valorise agricultural by-products by composts made from broiler (A), laying hen (B) and bovine (C) manures in soilless tomato cultivation. Treatments consisted of these three composts and controls consisting of coconut fibres fed with a nutrient solution. The system is a randomised Fisher block with three replications. Each elementary plot consisted of nine tomato plants. Chemical parameters of the substrates and agronomic parameters of the plants were recorded from 14 to 49 days after transplanting (DAT). The pH stabilised at around 6.2 after varying from 7.1 to 8.0 in the composts. The high electrical conductivity (5.9 - 6.01 dS/m) was less than 1 dS/m at 49 DAT. Agromorphological parameters were close to the controls. Fruit necrosis was higher in the compost-based substrates (13.75% - 32.22%) than in the controls (<2%). Healthy fruit yields from the composts (38.7 - 48.7 t/ha) were high, although lower than those from the controls (49.9 - 57.4 t/ha). Fruit harvested from these substrates had a longer average shelf life (38.23 days) than the controls (28.5 days). This study showed that composts have fertilising properties for soilless tomato cultivation, in particular that of laying hen manure (48.33 t/ha). These composts could provide an alternative to the use of chemical fertilisers in soilless tomato cultivation.展开更多
Background:The genus Commiphora is recognized as one of the most diverse genera within the Burseraceae family.It is mostly found in regions characterized by arid or semi-arid climates.Objective:The current narrative r...Background:The genus Commiphora is recognized as one of the most diverse genera within the Burseraceae family.It is mostly found in regions characterized by arid or semi-arid climates.Objective:The current narrative review appraises information on Commiphora species native to Tanzania,paving the way for further drug research and development exploration.Methods:All relevant published research on Commiphora species from all years up to 2024 was considered.Elec-tronic databases such as Scopus,Web of Science Core Collection,PubMed,Science Direct,SciFinder,ChemFinder and Google Scholar,herbaria,and recent publications provided information on Tanzanian Commiphora species’distribution,ethnomedicinal,pharmacology,and phytochemistry.Results:This review categorizes 32 Tanzanian Commiphora species by distribution as transgressing(20),trans-bordering(5),or endemic(7).Among those,some Commiphora species(11)were mentioned only for their distri-bution range,while 19 species have been ethnomedicinally used.C.madagascariensis has been the only endemic species studied.The diverse ethnomedicinal uses of transgressing Commiphora species by local communities and commercial value of exudates as chewing gums show their potential as bioactive agents for the management of cancer,bacteria,and ectoparasites.C.swynnertonii is the most researched species in Tanzania,while worldwide,C.kua,C.africana,C.pedunculata,C.mollis,C.emenii,and C.glandulosa are the most researched.Some com-pounds in the genus Commiphora portray species-specific chemotype structures,which include flavonoids from C.pedunculata,C.molis,and C.Africana;furanosesquiterpenoids from C.swynnertonii and C.kataf and cholesterol structures from C.emenii,C.swynnertonii and C.merkeri.Such structures remain valuable candidates for drug discovery.Conclusion:This narrative review indicates no endemic species have been extensively investigated except for non-medicinal uses of C.madagascariensis.However,some trans-boundering and transgressing stem extracts and exudates of Commiphora species provided safe and active compounds,especially when extracted with medium polar solvents such as chloroform or dichloromethane,making them valuable agents for drug discovery and trade purposes.Therefore,additional investigations are required.展开更多
The bipartite begomoviruses (Geminiviridae family), which are DNA viruses that replicate in the nucleus of infected cells, encode the nuclear shuttle protein (NSP) to facilitate the translocation of viral DNA from the...The bipartite begomoviruses (Geminiviridae family), which are DNA viruses that replicate in the nucleus of infected cells, encode the nuclear shuttle protein (NSP) to facilitate the translocation of viral DNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm via nuclear pores. This intracellular trafficking of NSP-DNA complexes is accessorized by the NSP-interacting guanosine triphosphatase (NIG) at the cytosolic side. Here, we report the nuclear redistribution of NIG by AtWWPI, a WW domain-containing protein that forms immune nuclear bodies (NBs) against begomoviruses. We demonstrated that AtWWPI relocates NIG from the cytoplasm to the nucleus where it is confined to AtWWP1-NBs, suggesting that the NIG-AtWWP1 interaction may interfere with the NIG pro-viral function associated with its cytosolic localization. Consistent with this assumpti on joss AtWWPI functi on cuased plants more susceptible to begomovirus infection, whereas overexpression of AWWP1 enhaneed plant resistance to begomovirus. Furthermore, we found that a mutant versi on of AtWWPI defective for NB formatio n was noIonger capable of interacti ng with and relocating NIG to the nucleus and lost its immune function against begomovirus. The antiviral function of AtWWP1-NBs, however, could be antagonized by viral infection that induced either the disruption or a decrease in the number of AtWWP1-NBs. Collectively, these results led us to propose that AtWWPI organizes nuclear structures into nuclear foci, which provide intrinsic immunity against begomovirus infection.展开更多
文摘In-field proximal sensing of most major crops nutrients still remains an economical and technical challenge. For this purpose, the use of effective multi-excitation fluorescence and reflectance wavelengths is explored in this work on Okra plant. Visible-near infrared (400 - 1000 nm) reflectance and multi-fluorescence data were collected at leaf scale in a chemically fertilized field by using an USB spectrometer mounted with an Arduino-based LED driver clip. N, P, K and Ca content of samples leaves were measured using reference methods. Average pods yield and leaves macronutrients content were calibrated using IRIV-PLS regression after spectra pretreatments. Single informative wavelengths bands in reflectance, red and far-red fluorescences were selected for building yield and macronutrient content models. We showed that flowering stage was more suitable for yield prediction. Moderately useful macronutrient models were found in Ca content (RPDval = 1.93, rP = 0.818) and potassium content with RPDval = 1.8, rP = 0.88. P and N yielding prediction performance of RPDval = 1.61 (rP = 0.718 ) and RPDval = 1.46 (rP = 0.56) respectively were less accurate. This study demonstrates potentiality of fluorescence and reflectance spectroscopy for accurate estimation of leaf macronutrient content and crop yield. High selectivity obtained from resulted spectral bands could lead to the development of reliable, rapid and cost-effective devices for nutrient diagnosis.
文摘Nanotechnology is a developing field in biotechnology. The synthesis of nanoparticles is an important step in the field of nanotechnology. Overcoming the limitations of traditional methods, a green scheme for synthesizing nanoparticles has emerged. Plants and microorganisms are mainly used for the green synthesis of metal nanoparticles. Some of the nanoparticles showed strong antimicrobial effects against different plant pathogens. Compared with microorganisms, the use of plants to synthesize nanoparticles is on the rise, and has advantages compared with microorganisms, because plants have a wide range of bio-molecular variability, which can act as blocking/stabilizing agents and reducing agents, thereby increasing reduction rate and stability of synthetic nanoparticles. Of all living things, plants seem to have the best potential for nanoparticle biosynthesis and are suitable for large-scale biosynthesis. Compared with microorganisms, the synthesis of plant-derived nanoparticles is faster and more stable. Therefore, this review focuses on the use of microbial and plant sources to synthesize nanoparticles and their applications in agriculture.
文摘The carried out experimental work aimed at the improvement of the native rabbit zootechnical performances. The goal was to run a genetical progress of an exotic breed ＂the Californian＂ through a crossbreeding with a native rabbit. Ten females have been crossed with two native males （L × C） compared to controls Native × Native （N × N） and Californian × Californian （C × C）. The reproduction and growth performances are clearly improved by crossbreeding effect, the recorded heterosis are： 9.43%, 16.34% and 21.93%, respectively for the alive litter size, alive and weaned; 10%, 16.75% and 2.57%, respectively for the alive litter weight, alive and weaned; 2.57% for the individual weight at birth; 10% and 7% for post weaning performances, respectively day mean gains and feed conversion ratio. Weight at slaughter is improved with 167 g, which representing a considerable level for the native population. Genetic crossbreeding between the Algerian native rabbit and the Californian, raised under rearing conditions of the Blida university farm experiment showed its efficiency on the most zootechnical performances. The complementary effect turned up positively on the crossbred rabbits Their post-weaning growth performance is comparable to those of the Californian with a better viability at weaning and slaughtering age.
文摘Mycoplasma synoviae （MS） is an economically important pathogenic agent of chickens, causing air sacculitis and synovitis. The diagnosis and monitoring of M. synoviae infection is usually made using serological assays, while confirmative diagnosis is made by isolation and identifcation of the organism, because of the cross reaction between M. gallisepticum and M. synoviae. This study was conducted from 2011 to 2013 during which l l broiler breeder flocks were sampled. These farms were located in all regions of morocco, The sampling was conducted as follows： Farms were visited on day one old chicks ＂day of importation from Europe＂. 20 to 60 ＂chicks＂ were randomly sampled. At the age of 8, 16, 32 and 56 weeks, 60 blood samples and 60 tracheal swabs were collected at each sampling. The serological screening was performed using Rapid Slide Agglutination （RSA） according the OIE protocol and Indirect EL1SA （IDEXX） according the manufacturer＇s instructions. The molecular diagnosis was performed using a commercial kit of a duplex real time PCR （Life Biotechnology）. The results revealed that one day old chicks were negative to MS by RSA and PCR, however they have a variable stock of maternal antibodies （Ig-Y） detected by iELISA. The seroprevalence found by RSA is variable and increase with the age （Sth week： 55%, 16th week： 91%, 32tb and 56th week： 100%）, the same profile was traced by PCR （Sth week： 36%, 16th week： 64%, 32th week： 82%, 56th week： 100%）, however, all farms were positive by iELISA, from the first day to 56th weeks. These results show that MS infections are very frequent and very widespread among poultry breeder flocks, and showed a perfect agreement between serological tests and Real time PCR starting from 32th week of age.
文摘Composts are recognised as an important source of nutrients for crops. The study aims to valorise agricultural by-products by composts made from broiler (A), laying hen (B) and bovine (C) manures in soilless tomato cultivation. Treatments consisted of these three composts and controls consisting of coconut fibres fed with a nutrient solution. The system is a randomised Fisher block with three replications. Each elementary plot consisted of nine tomato plants. Chemical parameters of the substrates and agronomic parameters of the plants were recorded from 14 to 49 days after transplanting (DAT). The pH stabilised at around 6.2 after varying from 7.1 to 8.0 in the composts. The high electrical conductivity (5.9 - 6.01 dS/m) was less than 1 dS/m at 49 DAT. Agromorphological parameters were close to the controls. Fruit necrosis was higher in the compost-based substrates (13.75% - 32.22%) than in the controls (<2%). Healthy fruit yields from the composts (38.7 - 48.7 t/ha) were high, although lower than those from the controls (49.9 - 57.4 t/ha). Fruit harvested from these substrates had a longer average shelf life (38.23 days) than the controls (28.5 days). This study showed that composts have fertilising properties for soilless tomato cultivation, in particular that of laying hen manure (48.33 t/ha). These composts could provide an alternative to the use of chemical fertilisers in soilless tomato cultivation.
文摘Background:The genus Commiphora is recognized as one of the most diverse genera within the Burseraceae family.It is mostly found in regions characterized by arid or semi-arid climates.Objective:The current narrative review appraises information on Commiphora species native to Tanzania,paving the way for further drug research and development exploration.Methods:All relevant published research on Commiphora species from all years up to 2024 was considered.Elec-tronic databases such as Scopus,Web of Science Core Collection,PubMed,Science Direct,SciFinder,ChemFinder and Google Scholar,herbaria,and recent publications provided information on Tanzanian Commiphora species’distribution,ethnomedicinal,pharmacology,and phytochemistry.Results:This review categorizes 32 Tanzanian Commiphora species by distribution as transgressing(20),trans-bordering(5),or endemic(7).Among those,some Commiphora species(11)were mentioned only for their distri-bution range,while 19 species have been ethnomedicinally used.C.madagascariensis has been the only endemic species studied.The diverse ethnomedicinal uses of transgressing Commiphora species by local communities and commercial value of exudates as chewing gums show their potential as bioactive agents for the management of cancer,bacteria,and ectoparasites.C.swynnertonii is the most researched species in Tanzania,while worldwide,C.kua,C.africana,C.pedunculata,C.mollis,C.emenii,and C.glandulosa are the most researched.Some com-pounds in the genus Commiphora portray species-specific chemotype structures,which include flavonoids from C.pedunculata,C.molis,and C.Africana;furanosesquiterpenoids from C.swynnertonii and C.kataf and cholesterol structures from C.emenii,C.swynnertonii and C.merkeri.Such structures remain valuable candidates for drug discovery.Conclusion:This narrative review indicates no endemic species have been extensively investigated except for non-medicinal uses of C.madagascariensis.However,some trans-boundering and transgressing stem extracts and exudates of Commiphora species provided safe and active compounds,especially when extracted with medium polar solvents such as chloroform or dichloromethane,making them valuable agents for drug discovery and trade purposes.Therefore,additional investigations are required.
文摘The bipartite begomoviruses (Geminiviridae family), which are DNA viruses that replicate in the nucleus of infected cells, encode the nuclear shuttle protein (NSP) to facilitate the translocation of viral DNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm via nuclear pores. This intracellular trafficking of NSP-DNA complexes is accessorized by the NSP-interacting guanosine triphosphatase (NIG) at the cytosolic side. Here, we report the nuclear redistribution of NIG by AtWWPI, a WW domain-containing protein that forms immune nuclear bodies (NBs) against begomoviruses. We demonstrated that AtWWPI relocates NIG from the cytoplasm to the nucleus where it is confined to AtWWP1-NBs, suggesting that the NIG-AtWWP1 interaction may interfere with the NIG pro-viral function associated with its cytosolic localization. Consistent with this assumpti on joss AtWWPI functi on cuased plants more susceptible to begomovirus infection, whereas overexpression of AWWP1 enhaneed plant resistance to begomovirus. Furthermore, we found that a mutant versi on of AtWWPI defective for NB formatio n was noIonger capable of interacti ng with and relocating NIG to the nucleus and lost its immune function against begomovirus. The antiviral function of AtWWP1-NBs, however, could be antagonized by viral infection that induced either the disruption or a decrease in the number of AtWWP1-NBs. Collectively, these results led us to propose that AtWWPI organizes nuclear structures into nuclear foci, which provide intrinsic immunity against begomovirus infection.
