Breast cancer ranks among the most prevalent cancers worldwide,particularly affecting young and middle-aged women,who face higher recurrence rates,lower survival rates,and substantial psychological health challenges.D...Breast cancer ranks among the most prevalent cancers worldwide,particularly affecting young and middle-aged women,who face higher recurrence rates,lower survival rates,and substantial psychological health challenges.Depressive symptoms,frequently observed in breast cancer patients,significantly influence treatment outcomes and quality of life.Recent years have seen a growing focus on these symptoms,emphasizing early identification and intervention.This editorial comments on the recent study by Mao et al on a risk prediction model for de-pression in young and middle-aged breast cancer patients.Research suggests that factors such as tumor grade,monthly income,pain perception,family support,and physical activity critically influence the onset of depressive symptoms.By developing personalized risk prediction models,it becomes possible to identify high-risk patients early,allowing healthcare professionals to implement pre-ventive strategies proactively.The editorial advocates for increased attention and resources dedicated to psychological health interventions for breast cancer pa-tients,aiming to foster comprehensive care strategies that mitigate the impacts of depression and enhance overall quality of life.展开更多
Magnesium-based biomaterials(MBMs)are one of the most promising materials for tissue engineering due to their unique mechanical properties and excellent functional properties.This review describes the development,adva...Magnesium-based biomaterials(MBMs)are one of the most promising materials for tissue engineering due to their unique mechanical properties and excellent functional properties.This review describes the development,advantages,and challenges of MBMs for biomedical applications,especially for tissue repair and regeneration.The history of the use of MBMs from the beginning of the 20th century is traced,and the transformative advances in contemporary applications of MBMs in areas such as orthopedics and cardiovascular surgery are emphasized.The review also provides insight into the signaling pathways affected by MBMs,such as the PI3K/Akt and RANKL/RANK/OPG pathways,which are critical for osteogenesis and angiogenesis.The review advocates that future research should focus on optimizing alloy compositions,surface modification and exploring innovative technologies such as 3D printing to improve the efficacy of MBMs in complex tissue repair.The potential of MBMs to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine is significant,urging further exploration and interdisciplinary collaboration to maximize their therapeutic effects.展开更多
Background Observational studies highlight the association between gut microbiota(GM)composition and depression;however,evidence for the causal relationship between GM and specific depressive symptoms remains lacking....Background Observational studies highlight the association between gut microbiota(GM)composition and depression;however,evidence for the causal relationship between GM and specific depressive symptoms remains lacking.Aims We aimed to evaluate the causal relationship between GM and specific depressive symptoms as well as the mediating role of body mass index(BMI).Methods We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomisation(MR)analysis using genetic variants associated with GM and specific depressive symptoms from genome-wide association studies.The mediating role of BMI was subsequently explored using mediation analysis via two-step MR.Results MR evidence suggested the Bifidobacterium genus(β=0.03;95%CI-0.05 to-0.02;p<0.001 andβ=0.03;95%CI-0.05 to-0.02;p<0.001)and Actinobacteria phylum(β=-0.04;95%CI-0.06 to-0.02;p<0.001 andβ=-0.03;95%CI-0.05 to-0.03;p=0.001)had protective effects on both anhedonia and depressed mood.The Actinobacteria phylum also had protective effects on appetite changes(β=-0.04;95%CI-0.06 to-0.01;p=0.005),while the FamilyⅪhad an antiprotective effect(β=0.03;95%CI 0.01 to 0.04;p<0.001).The Bifidobacteriaceae family(β=-0.01;95%CI-0.02 to-0.01;p=0.001)and Actinobacteria phylum(β=-0.02;95%CI-0.03 to-0.01;p=0.001)showed protective effects against suicidality.The two-step MR analysis revealed that BMl also acted as a mediating moderator between the Actinobacteria phylum and appetite changes(mediated proportion,34.42%)and that BMI partially mediated the effect of the Bifidobacterium genus(14.14%and 8.05%)and Actinobacteria phylum(13.10%and 8.31%)on both anhedonia and depressed mood.Conclusions These findings suggest a potential therapeutic effect of Actinobacteria and Bifidobacterium on both depression and obesity.Further studies are required to translate these findings into clinical practice.展开更多
BACKGROUND: The carcinogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a multi-factorial, multistep and complex process. Its prognosis is poor, and early diagnosis and monitoring metastasis of HCC is of the utmost import...BACKGROUND: The carcinogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a multi-factorial, multistep and complex process. Its prognosis is poor, and early diagnosis and monitoring metastasis of HCC is of the utmost importance. Circulating diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers could be used in proper postoperative treatment of patients at an early stage of HCC development. This review summarizes recent studies of the specific biomarkers in diagnosis and monitoring metastasis or postoperative recurrence of HCC. DATA SOURCES: An English-language literature search was conducted using MEDLINE (June 1998 to Spetember 2006) on researches of some valuable specific biomarkers in diagnosis and monitoring metastasis or postoperative recurrence of HCC. RESULTS: Hepatoma tissues can synthesize various tumor-related proteins, polypeptides, and isoenzymes, such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), hepatoma-specific gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (HS-GGT), etc, and then secrete into blood. The valuable early diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers could predict the development an metastases of HCC. Recent researches have confirmed that circulating hepatoma-specific AFP subfraction, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1, HS-GGT, and free insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-II may be more specific markers than total AFP level for early diagnosis for HCC. The circulating genetic markers such as AFP-mRNA, TGF-beta 1-mRNA, IGF-II-mRNA, etc from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HCC patients have been most extensively used in monitoring distal metastasis or postoperative recurrence of HCC. CONCLUSIONS: Hepatoma tissues synthesize and secrete valuable molecular markers into blood. The analyses of circulating hepatoma-specific biomarkers are useful to early diagnosis of HCC or monitoring metastasis or postoperative recurrence of HCC.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Tumor angiogenesis is essential for primary and metastatic tumor growth.Computed tomography perfusion(CTP)is a new imaging method,made possible by the recent development of fast CT scanners and improved dat...BACKGROUND:Tumor angiogenesis is essential for primary and metastatic tumor growth.Computed tomography perfusion(CTP)is a new imaging method,made possible by the recent development of fast CT scanners and improved data analysis techniques,which allows measurement of the physiologic and hemodynamic properties of tissue vasculature.This study aimed to evaluate CTP in the quantification of angiogenesis and to assess the relationship between tissue perfusion parameters and microvascular density(MVD)and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),attempting to detect the physiologic properties of angiogenesis.METHODS:Sixteen rabbits with VX2 liver tumors underwent multi-slice CT perfusion(MSCTP)on day 14 after tumor inoculation.CTP parameters included hepatic blood flow(HBF),hepatic blood volume(HBV),mean transit time(MTT),permeability of capillary vessel surface(PS),hepatic artery index(HAI),hepatic artery perfusion(HAP),and hepatic portal perfusion(HPP).The border of the tumor was stained with CD34 and VEGF immunohistochemical stains,and MVD was measured by anti-CD34.Then,CTP parameters were determined whether they were correlated with MVD and VEGF using Pearson’s correlation coefficient.RESULTS:The positive expression of MVD was different in the center and border of the tumor(P【0.01).There was a positive correlation between MVD and VEGF in the border(P【0.05).As more VEGF was expressed,the number of microvessels increased.Correlation analyses were also made between the perfusion parameters and MVD and VEGF in the border of the tumor.HBF,PS,HAI,and HAP values were positively correlated with MVD and VEGF(P【0.05),HPP was negatively correlated with MVD and VEGF(P【0.01),and HBV and MTT values were not correlated with MVD and VEGF(P】0.05).CONCLUSIONS:Significant correlations were found between perfusion parameters and MVD and VEGF.Therefore,MSCTP can be used to evaluate tumor angiogenesis in vivo.展开更多
AIM: To explore the feasibility and therapeutic effect of total laparoscopic left hepatectomy (LLH) for hepatolithiasis. METHODS: From June 2006 to October 2009, 61 consecutive patients with hepatolithiasis who met th...AIM: To explore the feasibility and therapeutic effect of total laparoscopic left hepatectomy (LLH) for hepatolithiasis. METHODS: From June 2006 to October 2009, 61 consecutive patients with hepatolithiasis who met the inclusion criteria for LLH were treated in our institute. Of the 61 patients with hepatolithiasis, 28 underwent LLH (LLH group) and 33 underwent open left hepatectomy (OLH group). Clinical data including operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative complication rate, postoperative hospital stay time, stone clearance and recurrence rate were retrospectively analyzed and compared between the two groups. RESULTS: LLH was successfully performed in 28 patients. The operation time of LLH group was longer than that of OLH group (158 ± 43 min vs 132 ± 39 min, P < 0.05) and the hospital stay time of LLH group was shorter than that of OLH group (6.8 ± 2.8 d vs 10.2 ± 3.4 d, P < 0.01). No difference was found in intraoperative blood loss (180 ± 56 mL vs 184 ± 50 mL), postoperative complication rate (14.2% vs 15.2%), and stone residual rate (intermediate rate 17.9% vs 12.1% and final rate 0% vs 0%) between the twogroups. No perioperative death occurred in either group. Fifty-seven patients (93.4%) were followed up for 2-40 mo (mean 17 mo), including 27 in LLH group and 30 in OLH group. Stone recurrence occurred in 1 patient of each group. CONCLUSION: LLH for hepatolithiasis is feasible and safe in selected patients with an equal therapeutic effect to that of traditional open hepatectomy.展开更多
BACKGROUND: The active form of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) is involved in the initiation, generation, and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and is up-regulated in inflammation-associated malignanc...BACKGROUND: The active form of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) is involved in the initiation, generation, and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and is up-regulated in inflammation-associated malignancies. We investigated the dynamic expression of NF-kappa B and its influences on the occurrence of HCC through antiangiogenic (thalidomide) intervention in NF-kappa B activation. METHODS : Hepatoma models were induced with 2-fluorenylacetamide (2-FAA, 0.05%) in male Sprague-Dawley rats, and thalidomide (100 mg/kg body weight) was administered intragastrically to intervene in NF-kappa B activation. The pathological changes in the liver of sacrificed rats were assessed after hematoxylin and eosin staining. NF-kappa B mRNA was amplified by RT-nested PCR. The alterations of NF-kappa B and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting. RESULTS: Rat hepatocytes showed denatured, precancerous, and cancerous stages in hepatocarcinogenesis, with an increasing tendency of hepatic NF-kappa B, NF-kappa B mRNA, and VEGF expression, and their values in the HCC group were higher than those in controls (P<0.001). In the thalidomide-treated group, the morphologic changes generated only punctiform denaturation and necrosis at the early or middle stages, and nodular hyperplasia or a little atypical hyperplasia at the final stages, with the expression of NF-kappa B (chi(2)=9.93, P<0.001) and VEGF (chi(2)=8.024, P<0.001) lower than that in the 2-FAA group. CONCLUSION: NF-kappa B is overexpressed in hepatocarcinogenesis and antiangiogenic treatment down-regulates the expression of NF-kappa B and VEGF, and delays the occurrence of HCC. (Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2010; 9: 169-174)展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the induction of remission and main-tenance effects of probiotics for ulcerative colitis.METHODS: Information was retrieved from MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register. The induct...AIM:To evaluate the induction of remission and main-tenance effects of probiotics for ulcerative colitis.METHODS: Information was retrieved from MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register. The induction of remission and promotion of mainte-nance were compared between probiotics treatment and non-probiotics treatment in ulcerative colitis.RESULTS: Thirteen randomized controlled studies met the selection criteria. Seven studies evaluated the remission rate, and eight studies estimated the recur-rence rate; two studies evaluated both remission and recurrence rates. Compared with the non-probiotics group, the remission rate for ulcerative colitis patients who received probiotics was 1.35 (95% CI: 0.98-1.85). Compared with the placebo group, the remission rate of ulcerative colitis who received probiotics was 2.00 (95% CI: 1.35-2.96). During the course of treatment, in patients who received probiotics for less than 12 mo compared with the group treated by non-probiotics, the remission rate of ulcerative colitis was 1.36 (95% CI: 1.07-1.73). Compared with the non-probioticsgroup, the recurrence rate of ulcerative colitis patients who received probiotics was 0.69 (95% CI: 2.47-1.01). In the mild to moderate group who received probiotics, compared to the group who did not receive probiotics, the recurrence rate was 0.25 (95% CI: 0.12-0.51). The group who received Bifidobacterium bifidum treatment had a recurrence rate of 0.25 (95% CI: 0.12-0.50) compared with the non-probiotics group.CONCLUSION: Probiotic treatment was more effec-tive than placebo in maintaining remission in ulcerative colitis.展开更多
AIM To investigate the mechanisms of codon 249 mutation of p53 gene in the formation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS Codon 249 mutation accompanied by loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and its effect on trans...AIM To investigate the mechanisms of codon 249 mutation of p53 gene in the formation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS Codon 249 mutation accompanied by loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and its effect on translation and transcription were studied using SSCP, IHC and RT PCR/slot hybridization. RESULTS Codon 249 mutations were detected in 32 9%, LOH detected in 68 4% among the HCC patients. Mutations of condon 249 were accompanied by LOH in 90%. The positive rates of p53 protein and mRNA were 91 3% and 95 7%, in mutational group, both were significantly higher than those in the non mutational group (91 3% vs 19 1% and 95 7% vs 40 4%, respectively, both P <0 01). The translation of p53 gene was strongly related to its transcription by correlation analysis ( r =0 8208). CONCLUSIONS LOH might play an important role in hepatocarcinogenesis of codon 249 mutation, which could increase both transcription and translation of p53 gene. The increased expression of p53 protein mainly depend on the increased transcription of p53 gene.展开更多
Capillaria hepatica(C.hepatica) is a parasitic nematode causing hepatic capillariasis in numerous mammals.Ecologic studies showed that the first hosts of C.hepatica were rodents,among which rats had relatively high in...Capillaria hepatica(C.hepatica) is a parasitic nematode causing hepatic capillariasis in numerous mammals.Ecologic studies showed that the first hosts of C.hepatica were rodents,among which rats had relatively high infection rates,which explains why C.hepatica spreads globally.Anatomical studies showed that the liver was the principal site of colonization by these parasites and physical damage tended to occur.Although C.hepatica might lead to serious liver disorders,relevant clinical reports were rare,because of the non-specific nature of clinical symptoms,leading to misdiagnosis.This review mainly focuses on the biological characteristics and epidemiology of C.hepatica in China and histopathologic changes in the liver,with expectation of gaining a better understanding of the disease and seeking more effective treatment.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Kang-Lai-Te (KLT) is extracted from the traditional Chinese herbal medicine Semen Coicis, which has been used in China as an effective clinical drug for over a thousand years. It contains numerous ingredie...BACKGROUND: Kang-Lai-Te (KLT) is extracted from the traditional Chinese herbal medicine Semen Coicis, which has been used in China as an effective clinical drug for over a thousand years. It contains numerous ingredients with anti-tumor effects. In our previous studies on transplanted hepatomas in rats, KLT could stop the cells in the G2+M stage of cell cycle and then reduce the number of cells entering the stage G0 and G1, but the mechanism of the anti-proliferative effect was unknown. In this experiment, we examined whether KLT inhibits HepG2 cell growth, if so, tried to explore its mechanism. METHODS: KLT at different concentrations was used for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro, respectively. The proliferation inhibitory rate was evaluated by MTT assay, induction of cell apoptosis rate and the protein levels of Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) were determined by flow cytometry (FCM), and the expression of Fas and FasL mRNA was detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS: KLT produced an obvious time and dose-dependent inhibitory effect on HepG2 cells, and marked apoptosis was detected by FCM The protein of Fas increased by 11.01%, 18.71%, 28.71% and 37.15%; the protein of FasL increased by 1.49%, 1.91%, 3.27% and 3.38% in comparison with the control (P<0.05). Real-time fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR showed that treating HepG2 cells with KLT caused the upregulation of Fas and FasL mRNA. CONCLUSION: KLT inhibits HepG2 growth by inducing apoptosis, which may be mediated through activation of the Fas/FasL pathway. (Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2009; 8: 267-272)展开更多
BACKGROUND: Hepatocyte apoptosis is a severe form of cell death after hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI), and its relief is an important issue in liver transplantation. Hypoxic preconditioning (HP) is consider...BACKGROUND: Hepatocyte apoptosis is a severe form of cell death after hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI), and its relief is an important issue in liver transplantation. Hypoxic preconditioning (HP) is considered to have protective effects on HIRI. This study was designed to explore the impact of HP on apoptosis and its possible mechanism during orthotopic liver autotransplantation. METHODS: A modified orthotopic liver autotransplantation model was used to simulate HIRI. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal control, autotransplantation (AT) and HP groups. The HP group was subjected to an 8% oxygen atmosphere for 90 minutes before surgery. At 1, 6 and 24 hours after surgery, the rats were killed and their liver tissue was sampled to assess the expression of Bcl-2 protein. The samples were subjected to blood chemistry study, morphological study under a light or transmission electron microscope, and quantitative study of mitochondria. RESULTS: The serum levels of ALT and AST in the HP group were lower than those in the AT group at 1, 6 and 24 hours after orthotopic liver autotransplantation (P < 0.05). Bcl-2 protein expression was increased in the HP group at each measurement point (P < 0.05). Light microscopy showed that hepatic injury in the AT group was much more severe than in the HP group. Hepatocytes in the AT group showed typical apoptosis signs under a transmission electron microscope. The ultrastructural appearance of hepatocytes in the HP group was much better than in the AT group, and the area, perimeter and diameter of the mitochondria were smaller in the HP group than in the AT group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Hepatocytes sense and respond to decreased tissue oxygenation. Stimulation by HP relieves apoptosis by upregulating expression of Bcl-2 protein and its protection of mitochondria after orthotopic liver autotransplantation.展开更多
AIM To improve the technique of intraportal embolization (PVE) therapy, a new embolic method, was devised and the safety, effectiveness and feasibility were evaluated. METHODS PVE with intraportal ethanol injection vi...AIM To improve the technique of intraportal embolization (PVE) therapy, a new embolic method, was devised and the safety, effectiveness and feasibility were evaluated. METHODS PVE with intraportal ethanol injection via a fine needle was performed in 28 normal dogs, 22 SD rats, and 24 cirrhotic SD rats. After PVE, portography, histological and functional alteration of the liver were evaluated in dogs and rats, and the changes in portal hemodynamics as well as hepatic anatomy were observed in rats. In the clinical study, PVE by ethanol injection was performed in 61 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma under the guidance of portoechography with intraportal injection of CO 2. The effect of PVE was evaluated by ultrasonography and laparotomy. RESULTS The effectiveness and toxicity were dependent on the dose of ethanol. In the dogs, 0 25*!mg/*!kg of ethanol caused incomplete embolization with least liver damage, while 1 0*!mg/*!kg induced complete embolization with a high mortality of 57 1% (4/*!7) due to respiratory arrest. The dose of 0 5*!mg/*!kg resulted in complete embolization with slight toxicity to the liver. In the rats, the survival rate was 100% in normal group but 40 9% in cirrhotic models after ethanol injection by dose of 0 05*!mg/*!100*!g . PVE for cirrhotic rats with 0 03*!mg/*!100*!g of ethanol induced satisfactory embolization with significant hypertrophy in nonembolized lobes, and only slight damage to the hepatic parenchyma, and transient alteration in liver function, portal pressure and portal flow. In the clinical study, 12 cases with reverse portal flow were excluded judged by portoechography. Satisfactory embolization was gained in 90 2% (55/*!61) of the remaining patients determined by ultrasonography and surgery. All cases ran an uneventful postembolization course with no aberrant embolization. CONCLUSION PVE with intraportal ethanol injection of appropriate dosage via a fine needle is safe and effective and has several advantages comparing with transcatheter method. Portoechography is a mandatory approach for the prevention of aberrant embolization.展开更多
AIM:To compare the influence and clearance effect of enzymatic and non-enzymatic detergents against Escherichia coli (E. coli) biofilm on the inner surface of gastroscopes.METHODS:Teflon tubes were incubated in a mixt...AIM:To compare the influence and clearance effect of enzymatic and non-enzymatic detergents against Escherichia coli (E. coli) biofilm on the inner surface of gastroscopes.METHODS:Teflon tubes were incubated in a mixture of different detergents and E. coli culture (106 CFU/mL) for 72 h at 15℃,and biofilms on the inner surface of the teflon tubes were analyzed by bacterial count and scanning electron microscopy. To evaluate the clear-ance effect of detergents,after biofilms were formed on the inner surface of Teflon tubes by 72 h lavage with E. coli culture,tubes were lavaged by enzymatic and non-enzymatic detergents at a speed of 250 mL/min,then biofilms on the inner surface were analyzed by bacterial count and scanning electron microscopy.RESULTS:Non-enzymatic detergent had a better inhi-bition function on biofilm formation than enzymatic de-tergent as it reduced bacterial burden by 2.4 log compared with the control samples (P = 0.00). Inhibition function of enzymatic detergent was not significantly different to that of control samples and reduced bac-terial burden by 0.2 log on average (P > 0.05). After lavaging at 250 mL/min for 3 min,no living bacteria were left in the tubes. Scanning electron microscopy observation showed biofi lms became very loose by the high shear force effect. CONCLUSION:Non-enzymatic detergent has a better inhibition effect on biofilm formation at room temperature. High speed pre-lavage and detergents are very important in temporal formed biofilm elimination.展开更多
AIM:To sum up the clinical and pathological characte- ristics of solid pseudopapillary tumor (SPT) and the experience with it.METHODS: A total of 553 SPT patients reported in Chinese literature between January 1996 an...AIM:To sum up the clinical and pathological characte- ristics of solid pseudopapillary tumor (SPT) and the experience with it.METHODS: A total of 553 SPT patients reported in Chinese literature between January 1996 and January 2009 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. RESULTS: The mean age of the 553 SPT patients included in this review was 27.2 years, and the male to female ratio was 1:8.37. Their symptoms were non-specific, and nearly one third of the patients were asymptomatic. Computed tomography and ultraso-nography were performed to show the nature and location of SPT. Most of the tumors were distributed in the pancreatic head (39.8%), tail (24.1%), body andtail (19.5%). Forty-five patients (9.2%) were diagnosed as malignant SPT with metastasis or invasion. None of the clinical factors was closely related to the malignant potential of SPT. Surgery was the main therapeutic modality for SPT. Local resection, distal pancreatectomy and pancreatoduodenectomy were the most common surgical procedures. Local recurrence and hepatic metastasis were found in 11 and 2 patients, respectively, after radical resection. Four patients died of tumor progression within 4 years after palliative resection of SPT. The prognosis of SPT patients was good with a 5-year survival rate of 96.9%.CONCLUSION: SPT of the pancreas is a rare indolent neoplasm that typically occurs in young females. It is a low-grade malignancy and can be cured with extended resection. The prognosis of such patients is good although the tumor may recur and metastasize.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI) inhibits the inflammatory response and protects against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. The inflammatory response is mediated by nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) and i...BACKGROUND: Urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI) inhibits the inflammatory response and protects against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. The inflammatory response is mediated by nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) and its related target genes and products such as vascular endothelial cell adhesion molecule and CXC chemokines. We aimed to assess the roles of those mediators in a UTI-treated mouse model of hepatic I/R injury. METHODS: Treatment group 1 (UTI given 5 minutes prior to liver ischemia), treatment group 2 (UTI given 5 minutes after the anhepatic phase) and a control group were investigated. Blood and liver samples were obtained and compared at 1, 3, 6 and 24 hours after reperfusion. RESULTS: Attenuation of pathological hepatocellular damage was greater in the treatment groups than in the control group (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the UTI treatment groups showed significantly lower serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, decreased myeloperoxidase activity, and reduced NF-kappa B activation. Also downregulated was the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant, and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 at the mRNA level. P-selectin protein and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 protein expression were also downregulated. In addition, the treatment group I showed a better protective effect against I/R injury than the treatment group 2. CONCLUSIONS: UTI reduces NF-kappa B activation and downregulates the expression of its related mediators, followed by the inhibition of neutrophil aggregation and infiltration in hepatic I/R injury. The protective role of UTI is more effective in prevention than in treatment.展开更多
BACKGROUND: The role of prophylactic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for reduction of pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is debated. We performed a meta-analysis of ...BACKGROUND: The role of prophylactic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for reduction of pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is debated. We performed a meta-analysis of all published randomized controlled trials to evaluate the efficacy of NSAIDs in the prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis. DATA SOURCES: Searches were conducted in the databases PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library. Six randomized clinical trials that fulfilled the inclusion criteria and addressed the clinical questions of this analysis were further assessed. Data were extracted by two independent observers according to predetermined criteria. RESULTS: The risk of pancreatitis was lower in the NSAID group than in the placebo, group (OR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.32 to 0.65, P < 0.0001). Two hours after ERCP, prophylactic administration of NSAIDs was associated with a lower serum amylase level (WMD: -91.09,95% CI: -149.78 to -32.40, P=0.002), but there was no difference in mean 24-hour serum amylase values (WMD: -379.00, 95% CI: -805.75 to 47.76, P=0.08). No deaths or NSAID-related complications were noted. CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic administration of NSAIDs can reduce the incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis; this administration in patients undergoing ERCP is recommended. Further randomized controlled trials are required before its introduction into routine care.展开更多
基金Supported by The 2023 Government-Funded Project of the Outstanding Talents Training Program in Clinical Medicine,No.ZF2023165Key Research and Development Projects of Hebei Province,No.18277731DNatural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,No.
文摘Breast cancer ranks among the most prevalent cancers worldwide,particularly affecting young and middle-aged women,who face higher recurrence rates,lower survival rates,and substantial psychological health challenges.Depressive symptoms,frequently observed in breast cancer patients,significantly influence treatment outcomes and quality of life.Recent years have seen a growing focus on these symptoms,emphasizing early identification and intervention.This editorial comments on the recent study by Mao et al on a risk prediction model for de-pression in young and middle-aged breast cancer patients.Research suggests that factors such as tumor grade,monthly income,pain perception,family support,and physical activity critically influence the onset of depressive symptoms.By developing personalized risk prediction models,it becomes possible to identify high-risk patients early,allowing healthcare professionals to implement pre-ventive strategies proactively.The editorial advocates for increased attention and resources dedicated to psychological health interventions for breast cancer pa-tients,aiming to foster comprehensive care strategies that mitigate the impacts of depression and enhance overall quality of life.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82202672)the Key Research and Development Program of Anhui Province(No.2022e07020017)+5 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Grant(2022M723049)the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(BX20230350)Research Funds of Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM(No.2023IHM02007)the Foundation of National Center for Translational Medicine(Shanghai)SHU Branch(No.SUITM-202301)Anhui Provincial Research Preparation Plan(2022AH040074),Natural science fund for colleges and universities in Anhui Proxince(2023AH053289)Research Fund of Anhui Institute of translational medicine(2022zhyx-C32).
文摘Magnesium-based biomaterials(MBMs)are one of the most promising materials for tissue engineering due to their unique mechanical properties and excellent functional properties.This review describes the development,advantages,and challenges of MBMs for biomedical applications,especially for tissue repair and regeneration.The history of the use of MBMs from the beginning of the 20th century is traced,and the transformative advances in contemporary applications of MBMs in areas such as orthopedics and cardiovascular surgery are emphasized.The review also provides insight into the signaling pathways affected by MBMs,such as the PI3K/Akt and RANKL/RANK/OPG pathways,which are critical for osteogenesis and angiogenesis.The review advocates that future research should focus on optimizing alloy compositions,surface modification and exploring innovative technologies such as 3D printing to improve the efficacy of MBMs in complex tissue repair.The potential of MBMs to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine is significant,urging further exploration and interdisciplinary collaboration to maximize their therapeutic effects.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number:81801345)Tianjin Key Medical Discipline(Specialty)Construction Project(grant number:TJYXZDXK-033A).
文摘Background Observational studies highlight the association between gut microbiota(GM)composition and depression;however,evidence for the causal relationship between GM and specific depressive symptoms remains lacking.Aims We aimed to evaluate the causal relationship between GM and specific depressive symptoms as well as the mediating role of body mass index(BMI).Methods We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomisation(MR)analysis using genetic variants associated with GM and specific depressive symptoms from genome-wide association studies.The mediating role of BMI was subsequently explored using mediation analysis via two-step MR.Results MR evidence suggested the Bifidobacterium genus(β=0.03;95%CI-0.05 to-0.02;p<0.001 andβ=0.03;95%CI-0.05 to-0.02;p<0.001)and Actinobacteria phylum(β=-0.04;95%CI-0.06 to-0.02;p<0.001 andβ=-0.03;95%CI-0.05 to-0.03;p=0.001)had protective effects on both anhedonia and depressed mood.The Actinobacteria phylum also had protective effects on appetite changes(β=-0.04;95%CI-0.06 to-0.01;p=0.005),while the FamilyⅪhad an antiprotective effect(β=0.03;95%CI 0.01 to 0.04;p<0.001).The Bifidobacteriaceae family(β=-0.01;95%CI-0.02 to-0.01;p=0.001)and Actinobacteria phylum(β=-0.02;95%CI-0.03 to-0.01;p=0.001)showed protective effects against suicidality.The two-step MR analysis revealed that BMl also acted as a mediating moderator between the Actinobacteria phylum and appetite changes(mediated proportion,34.42%)and that BMI partially mediated the effect of the Bifidobacterium genus(14.14%and 8.05%)and Actinobacteria phylum(13.10%and 8.31%)on both anhedonia and depressed mood.Conclusions These findings suggest a potential therapeutic effect of Actinobacteria and Bifidobacterium on both depression and obesity.Further studies are required to translate these findings into clinical practice.
基金This study was supported by grants from the Key Project of Medical Science from Jiangsu Province (RC2003100)the Project of Medical Science from Department of Health, Jiangsu Province (H200523), China.
文摘BACKGROUND: The carcinogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a multi-factorial, multistep and complex process. Its prognosis is poor, and early diagnosis and monitoring metastasis of HCC is of the utmost importance. Circulating diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers could be used in proper postoperative treatment of patients at an early stage of HCC development. This review summarizes recent studies of the specific biomarkers in diagnosis and monitoring metastasis or postoperative recurrence of HCC. DATA SOURCES: An English-language literature search was conducted using MEDLINE (June 1998 to Spetember 2006) on researches of some valuable specific biomarkers in diagnosis and monitoring metastasis or postoperative recurrence of HCC. RESULTS: Hepatoma tissues can synthesize various tumor-related proteins, polypeptides, and isoenzymes, such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), hepatoma-specific gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (HS-GGT), etc, and then secrete into blood. The valuable early diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers could predict the development an metastases of HCC. Recent researches have confirmed that circulating hepatoma-specific AFP subfraction, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1, HS-GGT, and free insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-II may be more specific markers than total AFP level for early diagnosis for HCC. The circulating genetic markers such as AFP-mRNA, TGF-beta 1-mRNA, IGF-II-mRNA, etc from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HCC patients have been most extensively used in monitoring distal metastasis or postoperative recurrence of HCC. CONCLUSIONS: Hepatoma tissues synthesize and secrete valuable molecular markers into blood. The analyses of circulating hepatoma-specific biomarkers are useful to early diagnosis of HCC or monitoring metastasis or postoperative recurrence of HCC.
基金supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang(No.D2006-07)the Heilongjiang Educational Committee(No.1511181)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30370431)
文摘BACKGROUND:Tumor angiogenesis is essential for primary and metastatic tumor growth.Computed tomography perfusion(CTP)is a new imaging method,made possible by the recent development of fast CT scanners and improved data analysis techniques,which allows measurement of the physiologic and hemodynamic properties of tissue vasculature.This study aimed to evaluate CTP in the quantification of angiogenesis and to assess the relationship between tissue perfusion parameters and microvascular density(MVD)and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),attempting to detect the physiologic properties of angiogenesis.METHODS:Sixteen rabbits with VX2 liver tumors underwent multi-slice CT perfusion(MSCTP)on day 14 after tumor inoculation.CTP parameters included hepatic blood flow(HBF),hepatic blood volume(HBV),mean transit time(MTT),permeability of capillary vessel surface(PS),hepatic artery index(HAI),hepatic artery perfusion(HAP),and hepatic portal perfusion(HPP).The border of the tumor was stained with CD34 and VEGF immunohistochemical stains,and MVD was measured by anti-CD34.Then,CTP parameters were determined whether they were correlated with MVD and VEGF using Pearson’s correlation coefficient.RESULTS:The positive expression of MVD was different in the center and border of the tumor(P【0.01).There was a positive correlation between MVD and VEGF in the border(P【0.05).As more VEGF was expressed,the number of microvessels increased.Correlation analyses were also made between the perfusion parameters and MVD and VEGF in the border of the tumor.HBF,PS,HAI,and HAP values were positively correlated with MVD and VEGF(P【0.05),HPP was negatively correlated with MVD and VEGF(P【0.01),and HBV and MTT values were not correlated with MVD and VEGF(P】0.05).CONCLUSIONS:Significant correlations were found between perfusion parameters and MVD and VEGF.Therefore,MSCTP can be used to evaluate tumor angiogenesis in vivo.
文摘AIM: To explore the feasibility and therapeutic effect of total laparoscopic left hepatectomy (LLH) for hepatolithiasis. METHODS: From June 2006 to October 2009, 61 consecutive patients with hepatolithiasis who met the inclusion criteria for LLH were treated in our institute. Of the 61 patients with hepatolithiasis, 28 underwent LLH (LLH group) and 33 underwent open left hepatectomy (OLH group). Clinical data including operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative complication rate, postoperative hospital stay time, stone clearance and recurrence rate were retrospectively analyzed and compared between the two groups. RESULTS: LLH was successfully performed in 28 patients. The operation time of LLH group was longer than that of OLH group (158 ± 43 min vs 132 ± 39 min, P < 0.05) and the hospital stay time of LLH group was shorter than that of OLH group (6.8 ± 2.8 d vs 10.2 ± 3.4 d, P < 0.01). No difference was found in intraoperative blood loss (180 ± 56 mL vs 184 ± 50 mL), postoperative complication rate (14.2% vs 15.2%), and stone residual rate (intermediate rate 17.9% vs 12.1% and final rate 0% vs 0%) between the twogroups. No perioperative death occurred in either group. Fifty-seven patients (93.4%) were followed up for 2-40 mo (mean 17 mo), including 27 in LLH group and 30 in OLH group. Stone recurrence occurred in 1 patient of each group. CONCLUSION: LLH for hepatolithiasis is feasible and safe in selected patients with an equal therapeutic effect to that of traditional open hepatectomy.
基金supported by grants from the Project of Elitist Peak in Six Fields(No.2006-B-063)the Project of Medical Sciences(H200727),the Bureau of Health,Jiangsu Province,China
文摘BACKGROUND: The active form of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) is involved in the initiation, generation, and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and is up-regulated in inflammation-associated malignancies. We investigated the dynamic expression of NF-kappa B and its influences on the occurrence of HCC through antiangiogenic (thalidomide) intervention in NF-kappa B activation. METHODS : Hepatoma models were induced with 2-fluorenylacetamide (2-FAA, 0.05%) in male Sprague-Dawley rats, and thalidomide (100 mg/kg body weight) was administered intragastrically to intervene in NF-kappa B activation. The pathological changes in the liver of sacrificed rats were assessed after hematoxylin and eosin staining. NF-kappa B mRNA was amplified by RT-nested PCR. The alterations of NF-kappa B and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting. RESULTS: Rat hepatocytes showed denatured, precancerous, and cancerous stages in hepatocarcinogenesis, with an increasing tendency of hepatic NF-kappa B, NF-kappa B mRNA, and VEGF expression, and their values in the HCC group were higher than those in controls (P<0.001). In the thalidomide-treated group, the morphologic changes generated only punctiform denaturation and necrosis at the early or middle stages, and nodular hyperplasia or a little atypical hyperplasia at the final stages, with the expression of NF-kappa B (chi(2)=9.93, P<0.001) and VEGF (chi(2)=8.024, P<0.001) lower than that in the 2-FAA group. CONCLUSION: NF-kappa B is overexpressed in hepatocarcinogenesis and antiangiogenic treatment down-regulates the expression of NF-kappa B and VEGF, and delays the occurrence of HCC. (Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2010; 9: 169-174)
文摘AIM:To evaluate the induction of remission and main-tenance effects of probiotics for ulcerative colitis.METHODS: Information was retrieved from MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register. The induction of remission and promotion of mainte-nance were compared between probiotics treatment and non-probiotics treatment in ulcerative colitis.RESULTS: Thirteen randomized controlled studies met the selection criteria. Seven studies evaluated the remission rate, and eight studies estimated the recur-rence rate; two studies evaluated both remission and recurrence rates. Compared with the non-probiotics group, the remission rate for ulcerative colitis patients who received probiotics was 1.35 (95% CI: 0.98-1.85). Compared with the placebo group, the remission rate of ulcerative colitis who received probiotics was 2.00 (95% CI: 1.35-2.96). During the course of treatment, in patients who received probiotics for less than 12 mo compared with the group treated by non-probiotics, the remission rate of ulcerative colitis was 1.36 (95% CI: 1.07-1.73). Compared with the non-probioticsgroup, the recurrence rate of ulcerative colitis patients who received probiotics was 0.69 (95% CI: 2.47-1.01). In the mild to moderate group who received probiotics, compared to the group who did not receive probiotics, the recurrence rate was 0.25 (95% CI: 0.12-0.51). The group who received Bifidobacterium bifidum treatment had a recurrence rate of 0.25 (95% CI: 0.12-0.50) compared with the non-probiotics group.CONCLUSION: Probiotic treatment was more effec-tive than placebo in maintaining remission in ulcerative colitis.
文摘AIM To investigate the mechanisms of codon 249 mutation of p53 gene in the formation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS Codon 249 mutation accompanied by loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and its effect on translation and transcription were studied using SSCP, IHC and RT PCR/slot hybridization. RESULTS Codon 249 mutations were detected in 32 9%, LOH detected in 68 4% among the HCC patients. Mutations of condon 249 were accompanied by LOH in 90%. The positive rates of p53 protein and mRNA were 91 3% and 95 7%, in mutational group, both were significantly higher than those in the non mutational group (91 3% vs 19 1% and 95 7% vs 40 4%, respectively, both P <0 01). The translation of p53 gene was strongly related to its transcription by correlation analysis ( r =0 8208). CONCLUSIONS LOH might play an important role in hepatocarcinogenesis of codon 249 mutation, which could increase both transcription and translation of p53 gene. The increased expression of p53 protein mainly depend on the increased transcription of p53 gene.
文摘Capillaria hepatica(C.hepatica) is a parasitic nematode causing hepatic capillariasis in numerous mammals.Ecologic studies showed that the first hosts of C.hepatica were rodents,among which rats had relatively high infection rates,which explains why C.hepatica spreads globally.Anatomical studies showed that the liver was the principal site of colonization by these parasites and physical damage tended to occur.Although C.hepatica might lead to serious liver disorders,relevant clinical reports were rare,because of the non-specific nature of clinical symptoms,leading to misdiagnosis.This review mainly focuses on the biological characteristics and epidemiology of C.hepatica in China and histopathologic changes in the liver,with expectation of gaining a better understanding of the disease and seeking more effective treatment.
基金supported by grants from the Distinguished Young Scholar Foundation of Shandong province,China(No.2006BS03039)the Science&Technology Key Project of Shandong province,China(No.2007G30002014).
文摘BACKGROUND: Kang-Lai-Te (KLT) is extracted from the traditional Chinese herbal medicine Semen Coicis, which has been used in China as an effective clinical drug for over a thousand years. It contains numerous ingredients with anti-tumor effects. In our previous studies on transplanted hepatomas in rats, KLT could stop the cells in the G2+M stage of cell cycle and then reduce the number of cells entering the stage G0 and G1, but the mechanism of the anti-proliferative effect was unknown. In this experiment, we examined whether KLT inhibits HepG2 cell growth, if so, tried to explore its mechanism. METHODS: KLT at different concentrations was used for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro, respectively. The proliferation inhibitory rate was evaluated by MTT assay, induction of cell apoptosis rate and the protein levels of Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) were determined by flow cytometry (FCM), and the expression of Fas and FasL mRNA was detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS: KLT produced an obvious time and dose-dependent inhibitory effect on HepG2 cells, and marked apoptosis was detected by FCM The protein of Fas increased by 11.01%, 18.71%, 28.71% and 37.15%; the protein of FasL increased by 1.49%, 1.91%, 3.27% and 3.38% in comparison with the control (P<0.05). Real-time fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR showed that treating HepG2 cells with KLT caused the upregulation of Fas and FasL mRNA. CONCLUSION: KLT inhibits HepG2 growth by inducing apoptosis, which may be mediated through activation of the Fas/FasL pathway. (Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2009; 8: 267-272)
基金supported by grants from the Health Bureau(H200770)Technology Bureau(BS2005038)of Jiangsu Province,China
文摘BACKGROUND: Hepatocyte apoptosis is a severe form of cell death after hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI), and its relief is an important issue in liver transplantation. Hypoxic preconditioning (HP) is considered to have protective effects on HIRI. This study was designed to explore the impact of HP on apoptosis and its possible mechanism during orthotopic liver autotransplantation. METHODS: A modified orthotopic liver autotransplantation model was used to simulate HIRI. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal control, autotransplantation (AT) and HP groups. The HP group was subjected to an 8% oxygen atmosphere for 90 minutes before surgery. At 1, 6 and 24 hours after surgery, the rats were killed and their liver tissue was sampled to assess the expression of Bcl-2 protein. The samples were subjected to blood chemistry study, morphological study under a light or transmission electron microscope, and quantitative study of mitochondria. RESULTS: The serum levels of ALT and AST in the HP group were lower than those in the AT group at 1, 6 and 24 hours after orthotopic liver autotransplantation (P < 0.05). Bcl-2 protein expression was increased in the HP group at each measurement point (P < 0.05). Light microscopy showed that hepatic injury in the AT group was much more severe than in the HP group. Hepatocytes in the AT group showed typical apoptosis signs under a transmission electron microscope. The ultrastructural appearance of hepatocytes in the HP group was much better than in the AT group, and the area, perimeter and diameter of the mitochondria were smaller in the HP group than in the AT group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Hepatocytes sense and respond to decreased tissue oxygenation. Stimulation by HP relieves apoptosis by upregulating expression of Bcl-2 protein and its protection of mitochondria after orthotopic liver autotransplantation.
基金Suppated by pats form the National Science Foundatian of China,No.393706697Science and Technology Gommission,Granglong Province,China,No.970066.
文摘AIM To improve the technique of intraportal embolization (PVE) therapy, a new embolic method, was devised and the safety, effectiveness and feasibility were evaluated. METHODS PVE with intraportal ethanol injection via a fine needle was performed in 28 normal dogs, 22 SD rats, and 24 cirrhotic SD rats. After PVE, portography, histological and functional alteration of the liver were evaluated in dogs and rats, and the changes in portal hemodynamics as well as hepatic anatomy were observed in rats. In the clinical study, PVE by ethanol injection was performed in 61 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma under the guidance of portoechography with intraportal injection of CO 2. The effect of PVE was evaluated by ultrasonography and laparotomy. RESULTS The effectiveness and toxicity were dependent on the dose of ethanol. In the dogs, 0 25*!mg/*!kg of ethanol caused incomplete embolization with least liver damage, while 1 0*!mg/*!kg induced complete embolization with a high mortality of 57 1% (4/*!7) due to respiratory arrest. The dose of 0 5*!mg/*!kg resulted in complete embolization with slight toxicity to the liver. In the rats, the survival rate was 100% in normal group but 40 9% in cirrhotic models after ethanol injection by dose of 0 05*!mg/*!100*!g . PVE for cirrhotic rats with 0 03*!mg/*!100*!g of ethanol induced satisfactory embolization with significant hypertrophy in nonembolized lobes, and only slight damage to the hepatic parenchyma, and transient alteration in liver function, portal pressure and portal flow. In the clinical study, 12 cases with reverse portal flow were excluded judged by portoechography. Satisfactory embolization was gained in 90 2% (55/*!61) of the remaining patients determined by ultrasonography and surgery. All cases ran an uneventful postembolization course with no aberrant embolization. CONCLUSION PVE with intraportal ethanol injection of appropriate dosage via a fine needle is safe and effective and has several advantages comparing with transcatheter method. Portoechography is a mandatory approach for the prevention of aberrant embolization.
基金Supported by Medical and Health Research Foundation of Zhejiang Province, China, No. 2007B040, 2007B039
文摘AIM:To compare the influence and clearance effect of enzymatic and non-enzymatic detergents against Escherichia coli (E. coli) biofilm on the inner surface of gastroscopes.METHODS:Teflon tubes were incubated in a mixture of different detergents and E. coli culture (106 CFU/mL) for 72 h at 15℃,and biofilms on the inner surface of the teflon tubes were analyzed by bacterial count and scanning electron microscopy. To evaluate the clear-ance effect of detergents,after biofilms were formed on the inner surface of Teflon tubes by 72 h lavage with E. coli culture,tubes were lavaged by enzymatic and non-enzymatic detergents at a speed of 250 mL/min,then biofilms on the inner surface were analyzed by bacterial count and scanning electron microscopy.RESULTS:Non-enzymatic detergent had a better inhi-bition function on biofilm formation than enzymatic de-tergent as it reduced bacterial burden by 2.4 log compared with the control samples (P = 0.00). Inhibition function of enzymatic detergent was not significantly different to that of control samples and reduced bac-terial burden by 0.2 log on average (P > 0.05). After lavaging at 250 mL/min for 3 min,no living bacteria were left in the tubes. Scanning electron microscopy observation showed biofi lms became very loose by the high shear force effect. CONCLUSION:Non-enzymatic detergent has a better inhibition effect on biofilm formation at room temperature. High speed pre-lavage and detergents are very important in temporal formed biofilm elimination.
文摘AIM:To sum up the clinical and pathological characte- ristics of solid pseudopapillary tumor (SPT) and the experience with it.METHODS: A total of 553 SPT patients reported in Chinese literature between January 1996 and January 2009 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. RESULTS: The mean age of the 553 SPT patients included in this review was 27.2 years, and the male to female ratio was 1:8.37. Their symptoms were non-specific, and nearly one third of the patients were asymptomatic. Computed tomography and ultraso-nography were performed to show the nature and location of SPT. Most of the tumors were distributed in the pancreatic head (39.8%), tail (24.1%), body andtail (19.5%). Forty-five patients (9.2%) were diagnosed as malignant SPT with metastasis or invasion. None of the clinical factors was closely related to the malignant potential of SPT. Surgery was the main therapeutic modality for SPT. Local resection, distal pancreatectomy and pancreatoduodenectomy were the most common surgical procedures. Local recurrence and hepatic metastasis were found in 11 and 2 patients, respectively, after radical resection. Four patients died of tumor progression within 4 years after palliative resection of SPT. The prognosis of SPT patients was good with a 5-year survival rate of 96.9%.CONCLUSION: SPT of the pancreas is a rare indolent neoplasm that typically occurs in young females. It is a low-grade malignancy and can be cured with extended resection. The prognosis of such patients is good although the tumor may recur and metastasize.
文摘BACKGROUND: Urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI) inhibits the inflammatory response and protects against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. The inflammatory response is mediated by nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) and its related target genes and products such as vascular endothelial cell adhesion molecule and CXC chemokines. We aimed to assess the roles of those mediators in a UTI-treated mouse model of hepatic I/R injury. METHODS: Treatment group 1 (UTI given 5 minutes prior to liver ischemia), treatment group 2 (UTI given 5 minutes after the anhepatic phase) and a control group were investigated. Blood and liver samples were obtained and compared at 1, 3, 6 and 24 hours after reperfusion. RESULTS: Attenuation of pathological hepatocellular damage was greater in the treatment groups than in the control group (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the UTI treatment groups showed significantly lower serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, decreased myeloperoxidase activity, and reduced NF-kappa B activation. Also downregulated was the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant, and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 at the mRNA level. P-selectin protein and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 protein expression were also downregulated. In addition, the treatment group I showed a better protective effect against I/R injury than the treatment group 2. CONCLUSIONS: UTI reduces NF-kappa B activation and downregulates the expression of its related mediators, followed by the inhibition of neutrophil aggregation and infiltration in hepatic I/R injury. The protective role of UTI is more effective in prevention than in treatment.
文摘BACKGROUND: The role of prophylactic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for reduction of pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is debated. We performed a meta-analysis of all published randomized controlled trials to evaluate the efficacy of NSAIDs in the prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis. DATA SOURCES: Searches were conducted in the databases PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library. Six randomized clinical trials that fulfilled the inclusion criteria and addressed the clinical questions of this analysis were further assessed. Data were extracted by two independent observers according to predetermined criteria. RESULTS: The risk of pancreatitis was lower in the NSAID group than in the placebo, group (OR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.32 to 0.65, P < 0.0001). Two hours after ERCP, prophylactic administration of NSAIDs was associated with a lower serum amylase level (WMD: -91.09,95% CI: -149.78 to -32.40, P=0.002), but there was no difference in mean 24-hour serum amylase values (WMD: -379.00, 95% CI: -805.75 to 47.76, P=0.08). No deaths or NSAID-related complications were noted. CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic administration of NSAIDs can reduce the incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis; this administration in patients undergoing ERCP is recommended. Further randomized controlled trials are required before its introduction into routine care.
