The treatment of POME related contamination is complicated due to its high organic contents and complex composition.Membrane technology is a prominent method for removing POME contaminants on account of its efficiency...The treatment of POME related contamination is complicated due to its high organic contents and complex composition.Membrane technology is a prominent method for removing POME contaminants on account of its efficiency in removing suspended particles,organic substances,and contaminants from wastewater,leading to the production of high-quality treated effluent.It is crucial to achieve efficient POME treatment with minimum fouling through membrane advancement to ensure the sustainability for large-scale applications.This article comprehensively analyses the latest advancements in membrane technology for the treatment of POME.A wide range of membrane types including forward osmosis,microfiltration,ultrafiltration,nanofiltration,reverse osmosis,membrane bioreactor,photocatalytic membrane reactor,and their combinations is discussed in terms of the innovative design,treatment efficiencies and antifouling properties.The strategies for antifouling membranes such as self-healing and self-cleaning membranes are discussed.In addition to discussing the obstacles that impede the broad implementation of novel membrane tech nologies in POME treatment,the article concludes by delineating potential avenues for future research and policy considerations.The understanding and insights are expected to enhance the application ofmembrane-basedmethods in order to treat POME more efficiently;this will be instrumental in the reduction of environmental pollution.展开更多
Conversion-type electrode materials hold significant promise for potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)due to their high theoretical capacities,yet their practical deployment is hindered by sluggish kinetics and irreversible s...Conversion-type electrode materials hold significant promise for potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)due to their high theoretical capacities,yet their practical deployment is hindered by sluggish kinetics and irreversible structural degradation.To overcome these limitations,we propose a rationally engineered nanoreactor architecture that stabilizes defect-rich MoS_(2)via interlayer incorporation of a carbon monolayer,followed by encapsulation within a nitrogen-doped carbon shell,forming a MoSSe@NC heterostructure.This tailored structure synergistically accelerates both K^(+)diffusion kinetics and electron transfer,enabling unprecedented rate performance(107 mAh g^(-1)at 10 Ag^(-1))and ultralong cyclability(86.5%capacity retention after 1200 cycles at 3 A g^(-1)).Mechanistic insights reveal a distinctive“adsorption-conversion”pathway,where sulfur vacancies on exposed S-Mo-S basal planes act as preferential K^(+)adsorption sites,effectively suppressing parasitic phase transitions during intercalation.In situ X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy corroborate the structural reversibility of the conversion reaction,with the carbon matrix dynamically accommodating strain while preserving electrode integrity.This work not only advances the understanding of defect-driven interfacial chemistry in conversion-type materials but also provides a versatile strategy for designing high-performance anodes in next-generation PIBs through heterostructure engineering.展开更多
The generation of high-quality 3D models from single 2D images remains challenging in terms of accuracy and completeness.Deep learning has emerged as a promising solution,offering new avenues for improvements.However,...The generation of high-quality 3D models from single 2D images remains challenging in terms of accuracy and completeness.Deep learning has emerged as a promising solution,offering new avenues for improvements.However,building models from scratch is computationally expensive and requires large datasets.This paper presents a transfer-learning-based approach for category-specific 3D reconstruction from a single 2D image.The core idea is to fine-tune a pre-trained model on specific object categories using new,unseen data,resulting in specialized versions of the model that are better adapted to reconstruct particular objects.The proposed approach utilizes a three-phase pipeline comprising image acquisition,3D reconstruction,and refinement.After ensuring the quality of the input image,a ResNet50 model is used for object recognition,directing the image to the corresponding category-specific model to generate a voxel-based representation.The voxel-based 3D model is then refined by transforming it into a detailed triangular mesh representation using the Marching Cubes algorithm and Laplacian smoothing.An experimental study,using the Pix2Vox model and the Pascal3D dataset,has been conducted to evaluate and validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.Results demonstrate that category-specific fine-tuning of Pix2Vox significantly outperforms both the original model and the general model fine-tuned for all object categories,with substantial gains in Intersection over Union(IoU)scores.Visual assessments confirm improvements in geometric detail and surface realism.These findings indicate that combining transfer learning with category-specific fine tuning and refinement strategy of our approach leads to better-quality 3D model generation.展开更多
Significant increase of specific target olefin selectivity in CO_(2)hydrogenation is not only scientifically interesting but also practically valuable because of the reduction of separation cost.Here,a new composite c...Significant increase of specific target olefin selectivity in CO_(2)hydrogenation is not only scientifically interesting but also practically valuable because of the reduction of separation cost.Here,a new composite catalyst is fabricated with surface oxygen vacancy-abundant ZnZrO_(x)(H)solid solution and ultra-small H-SAPO-34(US)molecular sieve crystals.This catalyst shows a propene selectivity in hydrocarbons of 51.2%that accounts for about 63%of light olefins,along with a CO_(2)conversion of 13.5%,at 350°C and 3.0 MPa.A combination of in situ spectroscopy,isotope-labelled experiments,DFT calculations,and AIMD simulations reveals that an increase of surface oxygen vacancies in ZnZrO_(x)(H)induces formation of a coordinatively unsaturated(Zr-O)_(n)-Zn-(Ov)_(m)configuration,which elevates Zn site electron density and enhances the electronic interaction of Zn-3d and H-1s orbitals.This promotes the H_(2)dissociation and facilitates methanol intermediate formation.The ultra-small H-SAPO-34(US)crystals with a size of 100–200 nm effectively suppresses alkenes hydrogenation and subsequent aromatization in the methanol conversion process.As a result,more propene was produced.展开更多
Additive manufacturing(AM),with its high flexibility,cost-effectiveness,and customization,significantly accelerates the advancement of nanogenerators,contributing to sustainable energy solutions and the Internet of Th...Additive manufacturing(AM),with its high flexibility,cost-effectiveness,and customization,significantly accelerates the advancement of nanogenerators,contributing to sustainable energy solutions and the Internet of Things.In this review,an in-depth analysis of AM for piezoelectric and triboelectric nanogenerators is presented from the perspectives of fundamental mechanisms,recent advancements,and future prospects.It highlights AM-enabled advantages of versatility across materials,structural topology optimization,microstructure design,and integrated printing,which enhance critical performance indicators of nanogenerators,such as surface charge density and piezoelectric constant,thereby improving device performance compared to conventional fabrication.Common AM techniques for nanogenerators,including fused deposition modeling,direct ink writing,stereolithography,and digital light processing,are systematically examined in terms of their working principles,improved metrics(output voltage/current,power density),theoretical explanation,and application scopes.Hierarchical relationships connecting AM technologies with performance optimization and applications of nanogenerators are elucidated,providing a solid foundation for advancements in energy harvesting,self-powered sensors,wearable devices,and human-machine interaction.Furthermore,the challenges related to fabrication quality,cross-scale manufacturing,processing efficiency,and industrial deployment are critically discussed.Finally,the future prospects of AM for nanogenerators are explored,aiming to foster continuous progress and innovation in this field.展开更多
Green hydrogen from water splitting has emerged as a critical energy vector with the potential to spearhead the global transition to a fossil fuel-independent society.The field of catalysis has been revolutionized by ...Green hydrogen from water splitting has emerged as a critical energy vector with the potential to spearhead the global transition to a fossil fuel-independent society.The field of catalysis has been revolutionized by single-atom catalysts(SACs),which exhibit unique and intricate interactions between atomically dispersed metal atoms and their supports.Recently,bimetallic SACs(bimSACs)have garnered significant attention for leveraging the synergistic functions of two metal ions coordinated on appropriately designed supports.BimSACs offer an avenue for rich metal–metal and metal–support cooperativity,potentially addressing current limitations of SACs in effectively furnishing transformations which involve synchronous proton–electron exchanges,substrate activation with reversible redox cycles,simultaneous multi-electron transfer,regulation of spin states,tuning of electronic properties,and cyclic transition states with low activation energies.This review aims to encapsulate the growing advancements in bimSACs,with an emphasis on their pivotal role in hydrogen generation via water splitting.We subsequently delve into advanced experimental methodologies for the elaborate characterization of SACs,elucidate their electronic properties,and discuss their local coordination environment.Overall,we present comprehensive discussion on the deployment of bimSACs in both hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction,the two half-reactions of the water electrolysis process.展开更多
The seismic intensity is generally high in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region of China.The seismic performance of the new prefabricated modular pressurized buildings used to solve the plateau response is insufficient.To...The seismic intensity is generally high in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region of China.The seismic performance of the new prefabricated modular pressurized buildings used to solve the plateau response is insufficient.To solve this problem,the small friction pendulum bearing(FPB)isolation design is proposed for modular pressurized buildings.Firstly,a simplified model of cross-truss support for the pressurized module is proposed to simplify the modeling and calculation of the pressurized buildings.The reasonability of the simplified model is verified by comparing the refined finite element model.Subsequently,according to the FPB design process for modular pressurized buildings,a small FPB for isolation is provided for a two-story modular pressurized building under 8-degree fortification earthquakes.Lastly,the seismic effectiveness and constructional feasibility of the isolation structure are verified compared with the non-isolated structure using dynamic time-history analysis.The study results show that the size of FPBs for modular pressurized buildings should consider both displacement and dimension requirements to weigh seismic isolation performance and installation feasibility,respectively.When adopting FPBs,the response of the structure is significantly reduced,and the seismic isolation effect is obvious.The proposed construction process can improve the seismic resilience of the prefabricated modular pressurized buildings by replacing post-earthquake damaged components quickly.It provides ideas for the seismic isolation design of the prefabricated modular pressurized buildings in high seismic intensity areas.展开更多
To address the problem that existing studies lack analysis of the relationship between attack-defense game behaviors and situation evolution from the game perspective after constructing an attack-defense model,this pa...To address the problem that existing studies lack analysis of the relationship between attack-defense game behaviors and situation evolution from the game perspective after constructing an attack-defense model,this paper proposes a network attack-defense game model(ADGM).Firstly,based on the assumption of incomplete information between the two sides of the game,the ADGM model is established,and methods of payoff quantification,equilibrium solution,and determination of strategy confrontation results are presented.Then,drawing on infectious disease dynamics,the network attack-defense situation is defined based on the density of nodes in various security states,and the transition paths of network node security states are analyzed.Finally,the network zero-day virus attack-defense behaviors are analyzed,and comparative experiments on the attack-defense evolution trends under the scenarios of different strategy combinations,interference methods,and initial numbers are conducted using the NetLogo simulation tool.The experimental results indicate that this model can effectively analyze the evolution of the macro-level network attack-defense situation from the micro-level attack-defense behaviors.For instance,in the strategy selection experiment,when the attack success rate decreases from 0.49 to 0.29,the network destruction rate drops by 11.3%,in the active defense experiment,when the interference coefficient is reduced from 1 to 0.7,the network destruction rate decreases by 7%,and in the initial node number experiment,when the number of initially infected nodes increases from 10 to 30,the network destruction rate rises by 3%.展开更多
Urban rivers are one of the main water sources for local residents.However,the rapid industrialization and urbanization caused serious heavy metals pollution in urban rivers,which posed harmful impact on human health ...Urban rivers are one of the main water sources for local residents.However,the rapid industrialization and urbanization caused serious heavy metals pollution in urban rivers,which posed harmful impact on human health and ecosystem.In this study,134 sediment samples were collected fromurban rivers in a typical Economic and Technological Development Zone(ETDZ)to evaluate the contamination status,ecological risk,biotoxicity,and potential source of 8 heavy metals including arsenic(As),cadmium(Cd),chromium(Cr),copper(Cu),mercury(Hg),nickel(Ni),plumbum(Pb),and zinc(Zn).Results showed that the average concentrations of all 8 metals exceeded their corresponding background values and followed the trend:Cr(248.67 mg/kg)>Pb(123.58 mg/kg)>Zn(67.06 mg/kg)>Ni(47.19 mg/kg)>Cu(27.40 mg/kg)>As(16.15 mg/kg)>Cd(0.62mg/kg)>Hg(0.21mg/kg).A high contamination and accumulation tendency of Cd and Cr were found in the sediments.Moreover,Cd and Hg were the main contributors of ecological risk,and posed moderate to high risk.In terms of biotoxicity,all the sediment samples were harmful to benthic organisms.Two possible pollution sources of heavy metals were identified:one is a combined source of industrial and traffic pollution dominated by Cr and Pd,the other is an industrial pollution source consisting of six heavy metals(Ni,Zn,Cd,Hg,As,and Cu).This study provides insights into heavy metals pollution management and risk control in the ETDZ and similar urban rivers worldwide due to intense industrialization.展开更多
Isocyanate and its products are playing an increasingly important role in the high-performance development of asphalt pavement,but researchers have always focused on polyurethane(PU),one of the isocyanate products,and...Isocyanate and its products are playing an increasingly important role in the high-performance development of asphalt pavement,but researchers have always focused on polyurethane(PU),one of the isocyanate products,and neglected the other roles of isocyanate-based materials in asphalt pavement.The application of isocyanate-based materials in asphalt pavement is still in the exploratory stage,and the research direction is not clear.It is necessary to summarize and propose research directions for the application of isocyanate-based materials in asphalt pavement.Therefore,this paper reviews the application of isocyanate-based materials in asphalt pavement,classifies the products synthesized from isocyanate for asphalt binder,introduces the application effects of different isocyanate-based materials in asphalt binder,and analyzes the limitations of each material.Meanwhile,the other roles of isocyanate-based materials in asphalt pavement,such as coating materials and adhesive materials,are summarized.Finally,the development direction of isocyanate-based materials in asphalt pavement is prospected.Isocyanate-based materials are expected to significantly increase the service life of asphalt pavement because of their excellent properties.With the advancement of technology,the application of isocyanate-based materials will become more and more common,promoting the sustainable development of road construction.This paper can provide a reference for the development and application of isocyanate-based materials in asphalt pavement.展开更多
Rare earth(RE)doped ferrites with the chemical formula Cu_(0.3)Zn_(0.3)Mg_(0.4)T_(x)Fe_(2-x)O_(4)(x=0,0.1;T=La,Ce,Sr)were synthesized by chemical co-precipitation method.The structural,optical,electrical and humidity ...Rare earth(RE)doped ferrites with the chemical formula Cu_(0.3)Zn_(0.3)Mg_(0.4)T_(x)Fe_(2-x)O_(4)(x=0,0.1;T=La,Ce,Sr)were synthesized by chemical co-precipitation method.The structural,optical,electrical and humidity sensing properties of Cu-Mg-Zn ferrites with rare earth element doping were investigated.Single-phase cubic spinel structure was confirmed via X-ray diffraction(XRD),and the crystal size ranges fro m 22.12 to 63.17 nm according to the Scherrer formula and from 25.66 to 67.46 nm according to the Williamson-Hall method.Po rous structure and elemental characterization of the samples were investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The optic band gap varies between 2.21 and 2.49 eV.Electrical measurements were conducted in the frequency range of 1 Hz-20 MHz and temperature range of 25-400℃.It has been determined that the dielectric results are consistent with the Maxwell-Wagner method and exhibit a non-Debye relaxation model,as observed from the Nyquist plots.At a minimum frequency value of 1 Hz,the dielectric constants for pure,Ce,Sr,and La samples are 9×10^(4),5×10^(4),1×10^(8),and 2×10^(5) at 25℃,and 1.85×10^(8),1.34×10^(8),1.15×10^(10),and 4.4×10^(8)at 400℃.In the same order,for the maximum frequency value of 20 MHz,the dielectric constants at 25℃are 169,166,3799,and 60,while at 400℃they are 734,624,12108,and 774.The La doped sample's low dielectric loss makes it suitable for high-frequency applications.Humidity measurements were performed at room temperature and in the 5%-95%relative humidity range.The humidity properties of the samples were investigated through humidity mapping,sensitivity,hysteresis,and long-term stability tests.Compared to other samples,the results indicate that Ce exhibits better humidity performance with 99%sensitivity and the highest repeatability(91.2%).These results show that Ce-doped ferrite can be used as a low-cost,high-performance humidity sensor.展开更多
As a new layered semiconductor material,Bi_(2)SeO_(5) has shown potential in the field of ultraviolet electronic devices in recent years because of its unique crystal structure and wide band gap.In this paper,the crys...As a new layered semiconductor material,Bi_(2)SeO_(5) has shown potential in the field of ultraviolet electronic devices in recent years because of its unique crystal structure and wide band gap.In this paper,the crystal structure,electronic structure,and thermodynamic stability of Bi_(2)SeO_(5) are studied based on first-principles calculations.The ultraviolet luminescence property of BiSe defect is predicated from defect property,which provides theoretical basis for experimental design of high-performance Bi2SeO5 photoelectric devices.展开更多
BACKGROUND The differential diagnosis between hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC)is crucial.The individual differences of patients increase the complexity of diagnosis.Currently,imagi...BACKGROUND The differential diagnosis between hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC)is crucial.The individual differences of patients increase the complexity of diagnosis.Currently,imaging diagnosis mainly relies on conventional computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),but few studies have investigated MRI functional imaging.This study combined MRI functional imaging including intravoxel incoherent motion(IVIM)and diffusion kurtosis imaging(DKI),facilitating differential diagnosis.AIM To explore the differential diagnostic value of IVIM imaging and DKI in differentiating between HCC and ICC.METHODS A total of 58 patients who underwent multi-b-value diffusion weighted imaging(DWI)on a 3.0 T magnetic MRI scanner were enrolled in this study.Standard apparent diffusion coefficient(SADC),IVIM quantitative parameters,including pure diffusion coefficient(D),pseudo diffusion coefficient(Dstar),and perfusion fraction(f),as well as the DKI quantitative parameters mean diffusion coefficient(MD)and mean kurtosis coefficient(MK)were computed by multi-b DWI images.Theχ2 test was used for classified data,and a one-way analysis of variance was performed for counted data.P<0.05 indicated statistical significance.The diagnostic value of parameters in HCC and ICC was analyzed using the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.RESULTS The SADC,D,and MD values were significantly lower in the HCC group compared to the ICC group,whereas MK was significantly higher in the HCC group than in the ICC group(P<0.05).No significant difference in Dstar and f was observed between the HCC group and the ICC group(P>0.05).The optimal cutoff levels of the total values of SADC,D,MK,MD and all associated parameters were 1.25×10^(-3)mm^(2)/second,1.32×10^(-3)mm^(2)/second,650.2×10^(-3)mm^(2)/second,1.41×10^(-3)mm^(2)/second and 0.46×10^(-3)mm^(2)/second,respectively.The sensitivity of diagnosis was 95%,80%,90%,100%,and 70%,respectively,the specificity of diagnosis was 67.39%,69.57%,67.39%,43.48%,and 93.48%,respectively,and the area under the ROC curve was 0.874,0.793,0.733,0.757,and 0.895,respectively.CONCLUSION SADC,D,MK,and MD could be used to distinguish HCC from ICC,with the diagnostic value reaching a maximum after establishing a joint model.展开更多
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)are pivotal for achieving net-zero goals,yet their commercialization is impeded by zinc dendrites,parasitic reactions,and interfacial instability.Current debates persist on the interpl...Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)are pivotal for achieving net-zero goals,yet their commercialization is impeded by zinc dendrites,parasitic reactions,and interfacial instability.Current debates persist on the interplay between zincophilic-hydrophilic and zincophobic-hydrophobic interactions at the anode-electrolyte interface.Herein,a conceptual framework that decouples these competing effects was proposed,enabling the rational design of a dual-layer architecture with an inner zincophilic layer for Zn^(2+)flux homogenization and an outer hydrophobic layer for water shielding.Through in situ and ex situ analyses,the synergistic mechanism was elucidated.During the cycling process,the zincophilic interface guides uniform Zn deposition,while the hydrophobic coating suppresses H_(2)O-induced side reactions.This dual modification achieves a Zn||Cu cell with an unprecedented 99.89%Coulombic efficiency and 975-cycle stability.This work resolves the long-standing controversy over interfacial affinity design,offering a scalable and industrially viable strategy to enhance AZIBs’durability without sacrificing energy density.展开更多
In recent years,there has been a concerted effort to improve anomaly detection tech-niques,particularly in the context of high-dimensional,distributed clinical data.Analysing patient data within clinical settings reve...In recent years,there has been a concerted effort to improve anomaly detection tech-niques,particularly in the context of high-dimensional,distributed clinical data.Analysing patient data within clinical settings reveals a pronounced focus on refining diagnostic accuracy,personalising treatment plans,and optimising resource allocation to enhance clinical outcomes.Nonetheless,this domain faces unique challenges,such as irregular data collection,inconsistent data quality,and patient-specific structural variations.This paper proposed a novel hybrid approach that integrates heuristic and stochastic methods for anomaly detection in patient clinical data to address these challenges.The strategy combines HPO-based optimal Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise for clustering patient exercise data,facilitating efficient anomaly identification.Subsequently,a stochastic method based on the Interquartile Range filters unreliable data points,ensuring that medical tools and professionals receive only the most pertinent and accurate information.The primary objective of this study is to equip healthcare pro-fessionals and researchers with a robust tool for managing extensive,high-dimensional clinical datasets,enabling effective isolation and removal of aberrant data points.Furthermore,a sophisticated regression model has been developed using Automated Machine Learning(AutoML)to assess the impact of the ensemble abnormal pattern detection approach.Various statistical error estimation techniques validate the efficacy of the hybrid approach alongside AutoML.Experimental results show that implementing this innovative hybrid model on patient rehabilitation data leads to a notable enhance-ment in AutoML performance,with an average improvement of 0.041 in the R2 score,surpassing the effectiveness of traditional regression models.展开更多
The hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks(HOFs)as a new type of porous framework materials have been widely studied in various areas.However,the lack of appropriate active sites,low intrinsic conductivity,and poor stabil...The hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks(HOFs)as a new type of porous framework materials have been widely studied in various areas.However,the lack of appropriate active sites,low intrinsic conductivity,and poor stability limited their performance in the field of electrocatalysis.Herein,we designed two 2D metal hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks(2D–M–HOF,M=Cu^(2+)or Ni^(2+))with coordination compounds based on 2,3,6,7,14,15-hexahydroxyl cyclotricatechylene and transition metal ions(Cu^(2+)and Ni^(2+)),respectively.The crystal structure of 2D–Cu–HOF is determined by continuous rotation electron diffraction,indicating an undulated 2D hydrogen-bond network with interlayeredπ-πstacking.The flexible structure of 2D–M–HOF leads to the formation of self-adaption interlayered sites,resulting in superior activity and selectivity in the electrocatalytic conversion of CO_(2) to C_(2) products,achieving a total Faradaic efficiency exceeding 80%due to the high-efficiency C–C coupling.The experimental results and density functional calculations verify that the undulated 2D–M–HOF enables the energetically favorable formation of*OCCHO intermediate.This work provides a promising strategy for designing HOF catalysts in electrocatalysis and related processes.展开更多
Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)are the dominant technology for secondary batteries due to their exceptional cycle life and superior energy density.However,for large-scale energy storage applications,sodium-io...Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)are the dominant technology for secondary batteries due to their exceptional cycle life and superior energy density.However,for large-scale energy storage applications,sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)are considered a promising alternative owing to their abundant sodium resources,low cost,and relatively high energy density.SIBs display gorgeous application prospects as a superior alternative to extensively commercialized LIBs.Problems such as the low performance of suitable anode materials in large-scale SIBs,due to the large size and sluggish kinetics of Na+have limited their development.So,further progress in SIBs performance is still needed in terms of fast-charging capability,cyclic stability,and power/energy densities.In this review,the latest progress in the preparation strategies and application challenges of SIBs is summarized,focusing on the fundamentals of the design principles and sodium storage mechanisms in various classes of anode materials including carbon-based,inorganic,organic,and MXene-derived systems.Structural and surface engineering techniques,electrochemical performance evaluation,machine learning(ML),and artificial intelligence(AI)are also discussed to elucidate ion storage mechanisms and accelerate anode material design for next-generation SIBs.展开更多
We investigate electron mesoscopic transport in a three-terminal setup with coupled quantum dots and a magnetic flux.By mapping the original transport problem into a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian form,we study the interpl...We investigate electron mesoscopic transport in a three-terminal setup with coupled quantum dots and a magnetic flux.By mapping the original transport problem into a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian form,we study the interplay between the coherent couplings between quantum dots,the magnetic flux,and the dissipation due to the tunnel coupling with the reservoirs.展开更多
We propose a near-field thermophotovoltaic system utilizing magnetic Weyl semimetals,which exhibit a distinct gyrotropic effect originating from their intrinsic axion field.Critically,we demonstrate that intentional b...We propose a near-field thermophotovoltaic system utilizing magnetic Weyl semimetals,which exhibit a distinct gyrotropic effect originating from their intrinsic axion field.Critically,we demonstrate that intentional band dislocation,achieved by layer-specific tuning of the chemical potential,significantly enhances the energyconversion efficiency.This effect arises from the formation of quasi-flat bands in momentum space,which broaden the spectral heat flux and amplify photon tunneling above the bandgap.At optimized chemical potential mismatches,the system achieves a 65%Carnot efficiency and a power density of 7×10^(4)W·m^(-2),surpassing symmetric configurations by 7%.The optimization of the Weyl semimetals thickness further demonstrates a clear tuning window where both the output power and energy-conversion efficiency are significantly improved.These results establish chemical-potential engineering toward high-efficiency near-field thermophotovoltaics for waste heat recovery and infrared energy applications.展开更多
Metal–organic framework(MOF)-based materials with high porosity,tunable compositions,diverse structures,and versatile functionalities provide great scope for next-generation rechargeable battery applications.Herein,t...Metal–organic framework(MOF)-based materials with high porosity,tunable compositions,diverse structures,and versatile functionalities provide great scope for next-generation rechargeable battery applications.Herein,this review summarizes recent advances in pristine MOFs,MOF composites,MOF derivatives,and MOF composite derivatives for high-performance sodium-ion batteries,potassiumion batteries,Zn-ion batteries,lithium–sulfur batteries,lithium–oxygen batteries,and Zn–air batteries in which the unique roles of MOFs as electrodes,separators,and even electrolyte are highlighted.Furthermore,through the discussion of MOFbased materials in each battery system,the key principles for controllable synthesis of diverse MOF-based materials and electrochemical performance improvement mechanisms are discussed in detail.Finally,the major challenges and perspectives of MOFs are also proposed for next-generation battery applications.展开更多
基金financial support from SATREPS project(vote number:R.J130000.7801.4L977)KPM-UTM Grant(vote number:R.J130000.7301.4L997).
文摘The treatment of POME related contamination is complicated due to its high organic contents and complex composition.Membrane technology is a prominent method for removing POME contaminants on account of its efficiency in removing suspended particles,organic substances,and contaminants from wastewater,leading to the production of high-quality treated effluent.It is crucial to achieve efficient POME treatment with minimum fouling through membrane advancement to ensure the sustainability for large-scale applications.This article comprehensively analyses the latest advancements in membrane technology for the treatment of POME.A wide range of membrane types including forward osmosis,microfiltration,ultrafiltration,nanofiltration,reverse osmosis,membrane bioreactor,photocatalytic membrane reactor,and their combinations is discussed in terms of the innovative design,treatment efficiencies and antifouling properties.The strategies for antifouling membranes such as self-healing and self-cleaning membranes are discussed.In addition to discussing the obstacles that impede the broad implementation of novel membrane tech nologies in POME treatment,the article concludes by delineating potential avenues for future research and policy considerations.The understanding and insights are expected to enhance the application ofmembrane-basedmethods in order to treat POME more efficiently;this will be instrumental in the reduction of environmental pollution.
基金financially supported by the supported by Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2024MB108)Taishan Young Scholar Program(tsqn202312312)Excellent Young Scholars of the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Overseas)(2023HWYQ-112)。
文摘Conversion-type electrode materials hold significant promise for potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)due to their high theoretical capacities,yet their practical deployment is hindered by sluggish kinetics and irreversible structural degradation.To overcome these limitations,we propose a rationally engineered nanoreactor architecture that stabilizes defect-rich MoS_(2)via interlayer incorporation of a carbon monolayer,followed by encapsulation within a nitrogen-doped carbon shell,forming a MoSSe@NC heterostructure.This tailored structure synergistically accelerates both K^(+)diffusion kinetics and electron transfer,enabling unprecedented rate performance(107 mAh g^(-1)at 10 Ag^(-1))and ultralong cyclability(86.5%capacity retention after 1200 cycles at 3 A g^(-1)).Mechanistic insights reveal a distinctive“adsorption-conversion”pathway,where sulfur vacancies on exposed S-Mo-S basal planes act as preferential K^(+)adsorption sites,effectively suppressing parasitic phase transitions during intercalation.In situ X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy corroborate the structural reversibility of the conversion reaction,with the carbon matrix dynamically accommodating strain while preserving electrode integrity.This work not only advances the understanding of defect-driven interfacial chemistry in conversion-type materials but also provides a versatile strategy for designing high-performance anodes in next-generation PIBs through heterostructure engineering.
基金funded by the Research,Development,and Innovation Authority(RDIA)—Kingdom of Saudi Arabia—under supervision Energy,Industry,and Advanced Technologies Research Center,Taibah University,Madinah,Saudi Arabia with grant number(12979-iau-2023-TAU-R-3-1-EI-).
文摘The generation of high-quality 3D models from single 2D images remains challenging in terms of accuracy and completeness.Deep learning has emerged as a promising solution,offering new avenues for improvements.However,building models from scratch is computationally expensive and requires large datasets.This paper presents a transfer-learning-based approach for category-specific 3D reconstruction from a single 2D image.The core idea is to fine-tune a pre-trained model on specific object categories using new,unseen data,resulting in specialized versions of the model that are better adapted to reconstruct particular objects.The proposed approach utilizes a three-phase pipeline comprising image acquisition,3D reconstruction,and refinement.After ensuring the quality of the input image,a ResNet50 model is used for object recognition,directing the image to the corresponding category-specific model to generate a voxel-based representation.The voxel-based 3D model is then refined by transforming it into a detailed triangular mesh representation using the Marching Cubes algorithm and Laplacian smoothing.An experimental study,using the Pix2Vox model and the Pascal3D dataset,has been conducted to evaluate and validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.Results demonstrate that category-specific fine-tuning of Pix2Vox significantly outperforms both the original model and the general model fine-tuned for all object categories,with substantial gains in Intersection over Union(IoU)scores.Visual assessments confirm improvements in geometric detail and surface realism.These findings indicate that combining transfer learning with category-specific fine tuning and refinement strategy of our approach leads to better-quality 3D model generation.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFB4103102)National Natural Science Foundation of China(21991090,21991092,22322208,22272195,U22A20431)+2 种基金the Basic Research Program of Shanxi Province of China(202203021224009)Innovation foundation of Institute of Coal Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences(SCJC-DT-2023-06)Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)(2021172).
文摘Significant increase of specific target olefin selectivity in CO_(2)hydrogenation is not only scientifically interesting but also practically valuable because of the reduction of separation cost.Here,a new composite catalyst is fabricated with surface oxygen vacancy-abundant ZnZrO_(x)(H)solid solution and ultra-small H-SAPO-34(US)molecular sieve crystals.This catalyst shows a propene selectivity in hydrocarbons of 51.2%that accounts for about 63%of light olefins,along with a CO_(2)conversion of 13.5%,at 350°C and 3.0 MPa.A combination of in situ spectroscopy,isotope-labelled experiments,DFT calculations,and AIMD simulations reveals that an increase of surface oxygen vacancies in ZnZrO_(x)(H)induces formation of a coordinatively unsaturated(Zr-O)_(n)-Zn-(Ov)_(m)configuration,which elevates Zn site electron density and enhances the electronic interaction of Zn-3d and H-1s orbitals.This promotes the H_(2)dissociation and facilitates methanol intermediate formation.The ultra-small H-SAPO-34(US)crystals with a size of 100–200 nm effectively suppresses alkenes hydrogenation and subsequent aromatization in the methanol conversion process.As a result,more propene was produced.
基金support from the Research Committee of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University(Project codes:RMJK and 4-ZZSJ)supported by a grant from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China(Project No.PolyU15212523).
文摘Additive manufacturing(AM),with its high flexibility,cost-effectiveness,and customization,significantly accelerates the advancement of nanogenerators,contributing to sustainable energy solutions and the Internet of Things.In this review,an in-depth analysis of AM for piezoelectric and triboelectric nanogenerators is presented from the perspectives of fundamental mechanisms,recent advancements,and future prospects.It highlights AM-enabled advantages of versatility across materials,structural topology optimization,microstructure design,and integrated printing,which enhance critical performance indicators of nanogenerators,such as surface charge density and piezoelectric constant,thereby improving device performance compared to conventional fabrication.Common AM techniques for nanogenerators,including fused deposition modeling,direct ink writing,stereolithography,and digital light processing,are systematically examined in terms of their working principles,improved metrics(output voltage/current,power density),theoretical explanation,and application scopes.Hierarchical relationships connecting AM technologies with performance optimization and applications of nanogenerators are elucidated,providing a solid foundation for advancements in energy harvesting,self-powered sensors,wearable devices,and human-machine interaction.Furthermore,the challenges related to fabrication quality,cross-scale manufacturing,processing efficiency,and industrial deployment are critically discussed.Finally,the future prospects of AM for nanogenerators are explored,aiming to foster continuous progress and innovation in this field.
基金support from the Czech Science Foundation,project EXPRO,No 19-27454Xsupport by the European Union under the REFRESH—Research Excellence For Region Sustainability and High-tech Industries project number CZ.10.03.01/00/22_003/0000048 via the Operational Programme Just Transition from the Ministry of the Environment of the Czech Republic+1 种基金Horizon Europe project EIC Pathfinder Open 2023,“GlaS-A-Fuels”(No.101130717)supported from ERDF/ESF,project TECHSCALE No.CZ.02.01.01/00/22_008/0004587).
文摘Green hydrogen from water splitting has emerged as a critical energy vector with the potential to spearhead the global transition to a fossil fuel-independent society.The field of catalysis has been revolutionized by single-atom catalysts(SACs),which exhibit unique and intricate interactions between atomically dispersed metal atoms and their supports.Recently,bimetallic SACs(bimSACs)have garnered significant attention for leveraging the synergistic functions of two metal ions coordinated on appropriately designed supports.BimSACs offer an avenue for rich metal–metal and metal–support cooperativity,potentially addressing current limitations of SACs in effectively furnishing transformations which involve synchronous proton–electron exchanges,substrate activation with reversible redox cycles,simultaneous multi-electron transfer,regulation of spin states,tuning of electronic properties,and cyclic transition states with low activation energies.This review aims to encapsulate the growing advancements in bimSACs,with an emphasis on their pivotal role in hydrogen generation via water splitting.We subsequently delve into advanced experimental methodologies for the elaborate characterization of SACs,elucidate their electronic properties,and discuss their local coordination environment.Overall,we present comprehensive discussion on the deployment of bimSACs in both hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction,the two half-reactions of the water electrolysis process.
基金supported by Technology Research and Development Program of China Construction Advanced Technology Research Institute(Grant No.XJY-2024-16)。
文摘The seismic intensity is generally high in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region of China.The seismic performance of the new prefabricated modular pressurized buildings used to solve the plateau response is insufficient.To solve this problem,the small friction pendulum bearing(FPB)isolation design is proposed for modular pressurized buildings.Firstly,a simplified model of cross-truss support for the pressurized module is proposed to simplify the modeling and calculation of the pressurized buildings.The reasonability of the simplified model is verified by comparing the refined finite element model.Subsequently,according to the FPB design process for modular pressurized buildings,a small FPB for isolation is provided for a two-story modular pressurized building under 8-degree fortification earthquakes.Lastly,the seismic effectiveness and constructional feasibility of the isolation structure are verified compared with the non-isolated structure using dynamic time-history analysis.The study results show that the size of FPBs for modular pressurized buildings should consider both displacement and dimension requirements to weigh seismic isolation performance and installation feasibility,respectively.When adopting FPBs,the response of the structure is significantly reduced,and the seismic isolation effect is obvious.The proposed construction process can improve the seismic resilience of the prefabricated modular pressurized buildings by replacing post-earthquake damaged components quickly.It provides ideas for the seismic isolation design of the prefabricated modular pressurized buildings in high seismic intensity areas.
基金supported by the Major Science and Technology Programs in Henan Province(241100210100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62072416)+1 种基金the Key Research and Development Special Project of Henan Province(221111210500)the Project of Science and Technology in Henan Province(242102211068,232102210078).
文摘To address the problem that existing studies lack analysis of the relationship between attack-defense game behaviors and situation evolution from the game perspective after constructing an attack-defense model,this paper proposes a network attack-defense game model(ADGM).Firstly,based on the assumption of incomplete information between the two sides of the game,the ADGM model is established,and methods of payoff quantification,equilibrium solution,and determination of strategy confrontation results are presented.Then,drawing on infectious disease dynamics,the network attack-defense situation is defined based on the density of nodes in various security states,and the transition paths of network node security states are analyzed.Finally,the network zero-day virus attack-defense behaviors are analyzed,and comparative experiments on the attack-defense evolution trends under the scenarios of different strategy combinations,interference methods,and initial numbers are conducted using the NetLogo simulation tool.The experimental results indicate that this model can effectively analyze the evolution of the macro-level network attack-defense situation from the micro-level attack-defense behaviors.For instance,in the strategy selection experiment,when the attack success rate decreases from 0.49 to 0.29,the network destruction rate drops by 11.3%,in the active defense experiment,when the interference coefficient is reduced from 1 to 0.7,the network destruction rate decreases by 7%,and in the initial node number experiment,when the number of initially infected nodes increases from 10 to 30,the network destruction rate rises by 3%.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan of China(No.2022YFE0197200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42277055).
文摘Urban rivers are one of the main water sources for local residents.However,the rapid industrialization and urbanization caused serious heavy metals pollution in urban rivers,which posed harmful impact on human health and ecosystem.In this study,134 sediment samples were collected fromurban rivers in a typical Economic and Technological Development Zone(ETDZ)to evaluate the contamination status,ecological risk,biotoxicity,and potential source of 8 heavy metals including arsenic(As),cadmium(Cd),chromium(Cr),copper(Cu),mercury(Hg),nickel(Ni),plumbum(Pb),and zinc(Zn).Results showed that the average concentrations of all 8 metals exceeded their corresponding background values and followed the trend:Cr(248.67 mg/kg)>Pb(123.58 mg/kg)>Zn(67.06 mg/kg)>Ni(47.19 mg/kg)>Cu(27.40 mg/kg)>As(16.15 mg/kg)>Cd(0.62mg/kg)>Hg(0.21mg/kg).A high contamination and accumulation tendency of Cd and Cr were found in the sediments.Moreover,Cd and Hg were the main contributors of ecological risk,and posed moderate to high risk.In terms of biotoxicity,all the sediment samples were harmful to benthic organisms.Two possible pollution sources of heavy metals were identified:one is a combined source of industrial and traffic pollution dominated by Cr and Pd,the other is an industrial pollution source consisting of six heavy metals(Ni,Zn,Cd,Hg,As,and Cu).This study provides insights into heavy metals pollution management and risk control in the ETDZ and similar urban rivers worldwide due to intense industrialization.
基金The authors are appreciative of the financial assistance granted by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52378462)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2023A1515011448).
文摘Isocyanate and its products are playing an increasingly important role in the high-performance development of asphalt pavement,but researchers have always focused on polyurethane(PU),one of the isocyanate products,and neglected the other roles of isocyanate-based materials in asphalt pavement.The application of isocyanate-based materials in asphalt pavement is still in the exploratory stage,and the research direction is not clear.It is necessary to summarize and propose research directions for the application of isocyanate-based materials in asphalt pavement.Therefore,this paper reviews the application of isocyanate-based materials in asphalt pavement,classifies the products synthesized from isocyanate for asphalt binder,introduces the application effects of different isocyanate-based materials in asphalt binder,and analyzes the limitations of each material.Meanwhile,the other roles of isocyanate-based materials in asphalt pavement,such as coating materials and adhesive materials,are summarized.Finally,the development direction of isocyanate-based materials in asphalt pavement is prospected.Isocyanate-based materials are expected to significantly increase the service life of asphalt pavement because of their excellent properties.With the advancement of technology,the application of isocyanate-based materials will become more and more common,promoting the sustainable development of road construction.This paper can provide a reference for the development and application of isocyanate-based materials in asphalt pavement.
基金supported by the Ondokuz Mayis University Project Number PYO.MUH.1901.21.001。
文摘Rare earth(RE)doped ferrites with the chemical formula Cu_(0.3)Zn_(0.3)Mg_(0.4)T_(x)Fe_(2-x)O_(4)(x=0,0.1;T=La,Ce,Sr)were synthesized by chemical co-precipitation method.The structural,optical,electrical and humidity sensing properties of Cu-Mg-Zn ferrites with rare earth element doping were investigated.Single-phase cubic spinel structure was confirmed via X-ray diffraction(XRD),and the crystal size ranges fro m 22.12 to 63.17 nm according to the Scherrer formula and from 25.66 to 67.46 nm according to the Williamson-Hall method.Po rous structure and elemental characterization of the samples were investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The optic band gap varies between 2.21 and 2.49 eV.Electrical measurements were conducted in the frequency range of 1 Hz-20 MHz and temperature range of 25-400℃.It has been determined that the dielectric results are consistent with the Maxwell-Wagner method and exhibit a non-Debye relaxation model,as observed from the Nyquist plots.At a minimum frequency value of 1 Hz,the dielectric constants for pure,Ce,Sr,and La samples are 9×10^(4),5×10^(4),1×10^(8),and 2×10^(5) at 25℃,and 1.85×10^(8),1.34×10^(8),1.15×10^(10),and 4.4×10^(8)at 400℃.In the same order,for the maximum frequency value of 20 MHz,the dielectric constants at 25℃are 169,166,3799,and 60,while at 400℃they are 734,624,12108,and 774.The La doped sample's low dielectric loss makes it suitable for high-frequency applications.Humidity measurements were performed at room temperature and in the 5%-95%relative humidity range.The humidity properties of the samples were investigated through humidity mapping,sensitivity,hysteresis,and long-term stability tests.Compared to other samples,the results indicate that Ce exhibits better humidity performance with 99%sensitivity and the highest repeatability(91.2%).These results show that Ce-doped ferrite can be used as a low-cost,high-performance humidity sensor.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.12404093the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant No.2021M702915.
文摘As a new layered semiconductor material,Bi_(2)SeO_(5) has shown potential in the field of ultraviolet electronic devices in recent years because of its unique crystal structure and wide band gap.In this paper,the crystal structure,electronic structure,and thermodynamic stability of Bi_(2)SeO_(5) are studied based on first-principles calculations.The ultraviolet luminescence property of BiSe defect is predicated from defect property,which provides theoretical basis for experimental design of high-performance Bi2SeO5 photoelectric devices.
基金Supported by Chutian Talents of Hubei,No.CTYC001Talent Project of Hubei Cancer Hospital,No.2025HBCHLHRC001Clinical Medical Science and Technology of Jinan,No.202134053.
文摘BACKGROUND The differential diagnosis between hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC)is crucial.The individual differences of patients increase the complexity of diagnosis.Currently,imaging diagnosis mainly relies on conventional computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),but few studies have investigated MRI functional imaging.This study combined MRI functional imaging including intravoxel incoherent motion(IVIM)and diffusion kurtosis imaging(DKI),facilitating differential diagnosis.AIM To explore the differential diagnostic value of IVIM imaging and DKI in differentiating between HCC and ICC.METHODS A total of 58 patients who underwent multi-b-value diffusion weighted imaging(DWI)on a 3.0 T magnetic MRI scanner were enrolled in this study.Standard apparent diffusion coefficient(SADC),IVIM quantitative parameters,including pure diffusion coefficient(D),pseudo diffusion coefficient(Dstar),and perfusion fraction(f),as well as the DKI quantitative parameters mean diffusion coefficient(MD)and mean kurtosis coefficient(MK)were computed by multi-b DWI images.Theχ2 test was used for classified data,and a one-way analysis of variance was performed for counted data.P<0.05 indicated statistical significance.The diagnostic value of parameters in HCC and ICC was analyzed using the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.RESULTS The SADC,D,and MD values were significantly lower in the HCC group compared to the ICC group,whereas MK was significantly higher in the HCC group than in the ICC group(P<0.05).No significant difference in Dstar and f was observed between the HCC group and the ICC group(P>0.05).The optimal cutoff levels of the total values of SADC,D,MK,MD and all associated parameters were 1.25×10^(-3)mm^(2)/second,1.32×10^(-3)mm^(2)/second,650.2×10^(-3)mm^(2)/second,1.41×10^(-3)mm^(2)/second and 0.46×10^(-3)mm^(2)/second,respectively.The sensitivity of diagnosis was 95%,80%,90%,100%,and 70%,respectively,the specificity of diagnosis was 67.39%,69.57%,67.39%,43.48%,and 93.48%,respectively,and the area under the ROC curve was 0.874,0.793,0.733,0.757,and 0.895,respectively.CONCLUSION SADC,D,MK,and MD could be used to distinguish HCC from ICC,with the diagnostic value reaching a maximum after establishing a joint model.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2130204)the Joint Funds of the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB2502102)+1 种基金the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(YESS20200364)the Beijing Outstanding Young Scientists Program(BJJWZYJH01201910007023)。
文摘Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)are pivotal for achieving net-zero goals,yet their commercialization is impeded by zinc dendrites,parasitic reactions,and interfacial instability.Current debates persist on the interplay between zincophilic-hydrophilic and zincophobic-hydrophobic interactions at the anode-electrolyte interface.Herein,a conceptual framework that decouples these competing effects was proposed,enabling the rational design of a dual-layer architecture with an inner zincophilic layer for Zn^(2+)flux homogenization and an outer hydrophobic layer for water shielding.Through in situ and ex situ analyses,the synergistic mechanism was elucidated.During the cycling process,the zincophilic interface guides uniform Zn deposition,while the hydrophobic coating suppresses H_(2)O-induced side reactions.This dual modification achieves a Zn||Cu cell with an unprecedented 99.89%Coulombic efficiency and 975-cycle stability.This work resolves the long-standing controversy over interfacial affinity design,offering a scalable and industrially viable strategy to enhance AZIBs’durability without sacrificing energy density.
文摘In recent years,there has been a concerted effort to improve anomaly detection tech-niques,particularly in the context of high-dimensional,distributed clinical data.Analysing patient data within clinical settings reveals a pronounced focus on refining diagnostic accuracy,personalising treatment plans,and optimising resource allocation to enhance clinical outcomes.Nonetheless,this domain faces unique challenges,such as irregular data collection,inconsistent data quality,and patient-specific structural variations.This paper proposed a novel hybrid approach that integrates heuristic and stochastic methods for anomaly detection in patient clinical data to address these challenges.The strategy combines HPO-based optimal Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise for clustering patient exercise data,facilitating efficient anomaly identification.Subsequently,a stochastic method based on the Interquartile Range filters unreliable data points,ensuring that medical tools and professionals receive only the most pertinent and accurate information.The primary objective of this study is to equip healthcare pro-fessionals and researchers with a robust tool for managing extensive,high-dimensional clinical datasets,enabling effective isolation and removal of aberrant data points.Furthermore,a sophisticated regression model has been developed using Automated Machine Learning(AutoML)to assess the impact of the ensemble abnormal pattern detection approach.Various statistical error estimation techniques validate the efficacy of the hybrid approach alongside AutoML.Experimental results show that implementing this innovative hybrid model on patient rehabilitation data leads to a notable enhance-ment in AutoML performance,with an average improvement of 0.041 in the R2 score,surpassing the effectiveness of traditional regression models.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(nos.21971012,61933002,21601015,21625102,21674012,and 81601549)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFB1506300)Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars。
文摘The hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks(HOFs)as a new type of porous framework materials have been widely studied in various areas.However,the lack of appropriate active sites,low intrinsic conductivity,and poor stability limited their performance in the field of electrocatalysis.Herein,we designed two 2D metal hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks(2D–M–HOF,M=Cu^(2+)or Ni^(2+))with coordination compounds based on 2,3,6,7,14,15-hexahydroxyl cyclotricatechylene and transition metal ions(Cu^(2+)and Ni^(2+)),respectively.The crystal structure of 2D–Cu–HOF is determined by continuous rotation electron diffraction,indicating an undulated 2D hydrogen-bond network with interlayeredπ-πstacking.The flexible structure of 2D–M–HOF leads to the formation of self-adaption interlayered sites,resulting in superior activity and selectivity in the electrocatalytic conversion of CO_(2) to C_(2) products,achieving a total Faradaic efficiency exceeding 80%due to the high-efficiency C–C coupling.The experimental results and density functional calculations verify that the undulated 2D–M–HOF enables the energetically favorable formation of*OCCHO intermediate.This work provides a promising strategy for designing HOF catalysts in electrocatalysis and related processes.
基金supporting this research under the Geran Penyelidikan Hi-Tech(F4)[Cost centre no.:R.J130000.7113.07E71&Q.J130000.4654.00Q23].
文摘Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)are the dominant technology for secondary batteries due to their exceptional cycle life and superior energy density.However,for large-scale energy storage applications,sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)are considered a promising alternative owing to their abundant sodium resources,low cost,and relatively high energy density.SIBs display gorgeous application prospects as a superior alternative to extensively commercialized LIBs.Problems such as the low performance of suitable anode materials in large-scale SIBs,due to the large size and sluggish kinetics of Na+have limited their development.So,further progress in SIBs performance is still needed in terms of fast-charging capability,cyclic stability,and power/energy densities.In this review,the latest progress in the preparation strategies and application challenges of SIBs is summarized,focusing on the fundamentals of the design principles and sodium storage mechanisms in various classes of anode materials including carbon-based,inorganic,organic,and MXene-derived systems.Structural and surface engineering techniques,electrochemical performance evaluation,machine learning(ML),and artificial intelligence(AI)are also discussed to elucidate ion storage mechanisms and accelerate anode material design for next-generation SIBs.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFA1404400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12125504 and 12305050)+2 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LZ25A050001)the Hundred Talents Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(Grant No.23KJB140017)。
文摘We investigate electron mesoscopic transport in a three-terminal setup with coupled quantum dots and a magnetic flux.By mapping the original transport problem into a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian form,we study the interplay between the coherent couplings between quantum dots,the magnetic flux,and the dissipation due to the tunnel coupling with the reservoirs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12125504 and 12305050)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFA1404400)+2 种基金the Hundred Talents Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(Grant No.23KJB140017)the Opening Project of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology(Grant No.Ammt2023B-1)the Guangdong University of Technology SPOE Seed Foundation(Grant No.SF2024111502).
文摘We propose a near-field thermophotovoltaic system utilizing magnetic Weyl semimetals,which exhibit a distinct gyrotropic effect originating from their intrinsic axion field.Critically,we demonstrate that intentional band dislocation,achieved by layer-specific tuning of the chemical potential,significantly enhances the energyconversion efficiency.This effect arises from the formation of quasi-flat bands in momentum space,which broaden the spectral heat flux and amplify photon tunneling above the bandgap.At optimized chemical potential mismatches,the system achieves a 65%Carnot efficiency and a power density of 7×10^(4)W·m^(-2),surpassing symmetric configurations by 7%.The optimization of the Weyl semimetals thickness further demonstrates a clear tuning window where both the output power and energy-conversion efficiency are significantly improved.These results establish chemical-potential engineering toward high-efficiency near-field thermophotovoltaics for waste heat recovery and infrared energy applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51972030,51772030)the S&T Major Project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in China(2020ZD0018)+1 种基金Beijing Outstanding Young Scientists Program(BJJWZYJH01201910007023)Guangdong Key Laboratory of Battery Safety(2019B121203008)。
文摘Metal–organic framework(MOF)-based materials with high porosity,tunable compositions,diverse structures,and versatile functionalities provide great scope for next-generation rechargeable battery applications.Herein,this review summarizes recent advances in pristine MOFs,MOF composites,MOF derivatives,and MOF composite derivatives for high-performance sodium-ion batteries,potassiumion batteries,Zn-ion batteries,lithium–sulfur batteries,lithium–oxygen batteries,and Zn–air batteries in which the unique roles of MOFs as electrodes,separators,and even electrolyte are highlighted.Furthermore,through the discussion of MOFbased materials in each battery system,the key principles for controllable synthesis of diverse MOF-based materials and electrochemical performance improvement mechanisms are discussed in detail.Finally,the major challenges and perspectives of MOFs are also proposed for next-generation battery applications.
