Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have developed rapidly,positioning them as potential candidates for nextgeneration renewable energy sources.However,conventional trial-and-error approaches and the vast compositional parame...Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have developed rapidly,positioning them as potential candidates for nextgeneration renewable energy sources.However,conventional trial-and-error approaches and the vast compositional parameter space continue to pose challenges in the pursuit of exceptional performance and high stability of perovskite-based optoelectronics.The increasing demand for novel materials in optoelectronic devices and establishment of substantial databases has enabled data-driven machinelearning(ML)approaches to swiftly advance in the materials field.This review succinctly outlines the fundamental ML procedures,techniques,and recent breakthroughs,particularly in predicting the physical characteristics of perovskite materials.Moreover,it highlights research endeavors aimed at optimizing and screening materials to enhance the efficiency and stability of PSCs.Additionally,this review highlights recent efforts in using characterization data for ML,exploring their correlations with material properties and device performance,which are actively being researched,but they have yet to receive significant attention.Lastly,we provide future perspectives,such as leveraging Large Language Models(LLMs)and text-mining,to expedite the discovery of novel perovskite materials and expand their utilization across various optoelectronic fields.展开更多
High-entropy materials(HEMs),which are typically composed of five or more elements in near-equimolar ratios with concentrations ranging from 5%to 35%,have distinct elemental compositions and geometric properties that ...High-entropy materials(HEMs),which are typically composed of five or more elements in near-equimolar ratios with concentrations ranging from 5%to 35%,have distinct elemental compositions and geometric properties that allow for the development of advanced electrocatalysts for renewable energy conversion systems.The highentropy effect,crystal dislocations,cocktail effect,and slow diffusion in high-entropy layered double hydroxides(HE-LDHs)and amorphous materials(HE-AMs)have all been shown to boost electrocatalytic water oxidation performance significantly.These materials exhibit remarkable activity and stability in both alkaline and acidic conditions.HE-AMs,in particular,benefit from a variety of defects,including coordinatively unsaturated sites and loosely connected atoms,which are critical to their improved catalytic capabilities.HEMs engineering and precise nanostructure control can address the low intrinsic activity,restricted active sites,and poor conductivity of binary and ternary amorphous and LDH catalysts.This study discusses current advances in HE-LDHs and HE-AMs for water electrolysis,including synthesis methods,structural features,active site identification by DFT calculations,and their applications in water electrocatalysis.The presentation also covers potential problems and future directions for developing these materials in energy conversion device systems.展开更多
The growing global energy demand and worsening climate change highlight the urgent need for clean,efficient and sustainable energy solutions.Among emerging technologies,atomically thin two-dimensional(2D)materials off...The growing global energy demand and worsening climate change highlight the urgent need for clean,efficient and sustainable energy solutions.Among emerging technologies,atomically thin two-dimensional(2D)materials offer unique advantages in photovoltaics due to their tunable optoelectronic properties,high surface area and efficient charge transport capabilities.This review explores recent progress in photovoltaics incorporating 2D materials,focusing on their application as hole and electron transport layers to optimize bandgap alignment,enhance carrier mobility and improve chemical stability.A comprehensive analysis is presented on perovskite solar cells utilizing 2D materials,with a particular focus on strategies to enhance crystallization,passivate defects and improve overall cell efficiency.Additionally,the application of 2D materials in organic solar cells is examined,particularly for reducing recombination losses and enhancing charge extraction through work function modification.Their impact on dye-sensitized solar cells,including catalytic activity and counter electrode performance,is also explored.Finally,the review outlines key challenges,material limitations and performance metrics,offering insight into the future development of nextgeneration photovoltaic devices encouraged by 2D materials.展开更多
With the increasing spotlight in electric vehicles,there is a growing demand for high-energy-density batteries to enhance driving range.Consequently,several studies have been conducted on high-energy-density LiNi_(x)C...With the increasing spotlight in electric vehicles,there is a growing demand for high-energy-density batteries to enhance driving range.Consequently,several studies have been conducted on high-energy-density LiNi_(x)Co_(y)Mn_(z)O_(2)cathodes.However,there is a limit to permanent performance deterioration because of side reactions caused by moisture in the atmosphere and continuous microcracks during cycling as the Ni content to express high energy increases and the content of Mn and Co that maintain structural and electrochemical stabilization decreases.The direct modification of the surface and bulk regions aims to enhance the capacity and long-term performance of high-Ni cathode materials.Therefore,an efficient modification requires a study based on a thorough understanding of the degradation mechanisms in the surface and bulk region.In this review,a comprehensive analysis of various modifications,including doping,coating,concentration gradient,and single crystals,is conducted to solve degradation issues along with an analysis of the overall degradation mechanism occurring in high-Ni cathode materials.It also summarizes recent research developments related to the following modifications,aims to provide notable points and directions for post-studies,and provides valuable references for the commercialization of stable high-energy-density cathode materials.展开更多
Achieving high-quality perovskite films without surface defects is regarded as a crucial target for the development of durable high-performance perovskite solar cells.Additive engineering is commonly employed to simul...Achieving high-quality perovskite films without surface defects is regarded as a crucial target for the development of durable high-performance perovskite solar cells.Additive engineering is commonly employed to simultaneously control the growth of perovskite crystals and passivate defects.Here,4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic anhydride(4-TBA)composed of benzene rings functionalized with carbonyl and trifluoromethyl groups was used as an example additive to study the characteristics of additives used for producing high-quality perovskites and controlling their surface properties.The interaction between4-TBA and perovskite precursor materials was investigated using density functional theory(DFT)simulations.The electron-rich carbonyl group efficiently passivated the under-coordinated lead-ion defects.Additionally,hydrogen bonding between trifluoromethyl and organic cations prevents the generation of cation vacancies.Because of its intrinsic hydrophobicity,the trifluoromethyl group simultaneously improves the moisture and heat stability of the film.4-TBA serves as a universal modifier for various perovskite compositions.The power conversion efficiency(PCE)of inverted perovskite solar cells(PSCs)based on methylammonium(MA)with 4-TBA was improved from 16.15%to 19.28%.Similarly,the PCE of inverted PSCs based on a cesium formamidinium MA(CsFAMA)perovskite film increased from20.72%to 23.58%,upon addition of 4-TBA.Furthermore,the moisture and thermal stability of 4-TBAtreated films and devices was significantly enhanced,along with prolonged device performance.Our work provides guidance on selecting the structure and functional groups that are essential for surface defect passivation and the production of high-quality perovskites.展开更多
Silver paste is widely used in power electronics as a die-attach material owing to its low-temperature sinterability,high melting point,and excellent electrical and thermal conductivities in sintered joints.However,ow...Silver paste is widely used in power electronics as a die-attach material owing to its low-temperature sinterability,high melting point,and excellent electrical and thermal conductivities in sintered joints.However,owing to the mismatch in the coefficient of thermal expansion(CTE)between the joints and chip,the high Young's modulus of sintered silver hinders the mitigation of the high thermal stress generated during the operation of power modules,which increases the susceptibility of sintered joints to cracking,thereby leading to potential failure.This study developed a facile approach to synthesizing bayberry-like Ag microparticles(AgMPs)through the in situ assembly of silver nanorods,resulting in a uniform distribution of nanoscale structures and mesopores on the particle surface.These particles exhibited a high specific surface area of 2.5389 m^(2)·g^(-1),which enhanced theirsintering activity,enabling sintering to occur at 149.7℃.Furthermore,the porous structure of the AgMPs effectively reduced the density of joints formed by sintering AgMP paste,thereby lowering the Young's modulus of the joints.The small grain size and intricate internal substructure of the joints yielded high shear strength,which reached112.50 MPa at 250℃.The Young's modulus could be adjusted,and the pores provided by the AgMPs maintained the Young's modulus within a low range(15.11-29.61GPa),effectively mitigating thermal stress.These new bayberry-like porous AgMPs offer a promising option for die-attach materials in electronic packaging.展开更多
The bandgap is a key parameter for understanding and designing hybrid perovskite material properties,as well as developing photovoltaic devices.Traditional bandgap calculation methods like ultravioletvisible spectrosc...The bandgap is a key parameter for understanding and designing hybrid perovskite material properties,as well as developing photovoltaic devices.Traditional bandgap calculation methods like ultravioletvisible spectroscopy and first-principles calculations are time-and power-consuming,not to mention capturing bandgap change mechanisms for hybrid perovskite materials across a wide range of unknown space.In the present work,an artificial intelligence ensemble comprising two classifiers(with F1 scores of 0.9125 and 0.925)and a regressor(with mean squared error of 0.0014 eV)is constructed to achieve high-precision prediction of the bandgap.The bandgap perovskite dataset is established through highthroughput prediction of bandgaps by the ensemble.Based on the self-built dataset,partial dependence analysis(PDA)is developed to interpret the bandgap influential mechanism.Meanwhile,an interpretable mathematical model with an R^(2)of 0.8417 is generated using the genetic programming symbolic regression(GPSR)technique.The constructed PDA maps agree well with the Shapley Additive exPlanations,the GPSR model,and experiment verification.Through PDA,we reveal the boundary effect,the bowing effect,and their evolution trends with key descriptors.展开更多
Although hot-rolled La(Fe,Co,Si)13-based alloys are promising magnetocaloric materials for solidstate cooling with near-net shaping capabilities,their underlying hot deformation mechanisms remain largely unexplored.In...Although hot-rolled La(Fe,Co,Si)13-based alloys are promising magnetocaloric materials for solidstate cooling with near-net shaping capabilities,their underlying hot deformation mechanisms remain largely unexplored.In this study,a comprehensive and systematic investigation was conducted,by encompassing the analysis of hot deformation mechanisms,along with the microstructure evolution and magnetoc aloric properties of hot-rolled La-Fe-Co-Si alloy.The La_(1.05)Fe_(11.2)Co_(0.7)Si_(1.38)alloy was examined using multiscale mechanical analysis to assess the effects of temperature.A series of macroscale hot compression and microscale nanoindentation tests were performed to access global and local mechanical properties,including variations in hardness and indentation modulus of the primaryα-Fe and secondary 1:1:1 phases up to 800℃.A significant decrease in hardness and elastic recovery of the secondary phase was observed between 600and 800℃,above half of its melting point(1113℃),suggesting pronounced flow softening in both theα-Fe and 1:1:1 phases.Additionally,a novel multi-step annealing process was introduced for hot-rolled La-Fe-Co-Si alloys,involving partial transient liquid-phase diffusion in the 1:1:1 phase to address deformation-induced defects,such as residualα-Fe and lattice distortions in the 1:13 phase,which have not been previously reported.As a result,a primary La(Fe,Co,Si)13phase with a volume fraction of97.5%was achieved after multi-step annealing,compared to 87.5%using conventional annealing.Correspondingly,the magnetocaloric properties were restored,with the Curie temperature(TC)recovering from 276 to 268 K and the maximum magnetic entropy change(ΔSM)increasing from 7.56 to 8.67 J kg^(-1)K^(-1)under a 2 T magnetic field.展开更多
With the rise of artificial intelligence(AI),neuromorphic sensory systems that emulate the five basic human sensations including tactility,audition,olfaction,gustation,and vision have attracted significant attention.I...With the rise of artificial intelligence(AI),neuromorphic sensory systems that emulate the five basic human sensations including tactility,audition,olfaction,gustation,and vision have attracted significant attention.In particular,research on integrating sensors with artificial synapses is being carried out extensively.These studies offer valuable opportunities for making another breakthrough in AI technology,including autonomous systems,real-time monitoring systems,and human-machine interactions.In this review,we introduce promising reports of neuromorphic sensory systems.Specifically,the core sensing material,device architecture,fabrication process,and applications of the proposed systems are presented in detail.Finally,the unsolved challenges and the prospects of neuromorphic sensory systems are discussed.展开更多
This study investigates zinc’s(Zn)key role in enhancing the precipitation kinetics and refinement of Mg_(17)Al_(12)and Mg_(2)Sn phases in magnesium alloys through trace sodium(Na)additions.Magnesium alloys with varyi...This study investigates zinc’s(Zn)key role in enhancing the precipitation kinetics and refinement of Mg_(17)Al_(12)and Mg_(2)Sn phases in magnesium alloys through trace sodium(Na)additions.Magnesium alloys with varying compositions of aluminum(Al),tin(Sn),Zn,and Na were prepared and aged at 453 K.Microstructural analyses were conducted using transmission electron microscopy(TEM),scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM),and atom probe tomography(APT).Trace additions of Na significantly enhanced the precipitation responses of both Mg_(17)Al_(12)and Mg_(2)Sn phases.When Zn was co-added with Na,as in the ATZ641N3 alloy(Mg–6Al–4Sn–1Zn–0.3Na),there was a pronounced refinement in precipitate morphology and acceleration of precipitation kinetics.The ATZ641N3 alloy achieved a peak hardness of 103 Hv at 36 hours,compared to 91 Hv at 72 hours for the ATZ641 alloy without Na.The simultaneous addition of Zn and Na led to the formation of Sn–Na–Zn particles that acted as effective nucleation sites for Mg_(2)Sn,promoting aluminum partitioning and accelerating the precipitation of Mg_(17)Al_(12)through Al-rich regions.Additionally,Zn and Na co-segregated within the Mg_(17)Al_(12)phase,reducing misfit strain caused by Zn substitution and improving precipitate stability and refinement.These findings highlight Zn’s critical role,alongside trace Na additions,in refining and accelerating the precipitation of Mg_(17)Al_(12)and Mg_(2)Sn phases,thereby enhancing the age-hardening response of magnesium alloys.展开更多
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted significant attention as resistive switching materials for two-terminal non-volatile memory devices, often referred to as memristors, due to their potential for achieving ...Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted significant attention as resistive switching materials for two-terminal non-volatile memory devices, often referred to as memristors, due to their potential for achieving fast switching speeds and low power consumption. Their excellent gate tunability in electronic properties also enables hybrid devices combining the functionality of memory devices and transistors, with the possibility of realizing large-scale memristive crossbar arrays with high integration density. To facilitate the use of 2D materials in practical memristor applications, scalable synthesis of 2D materials with high electronic quality is critical. In addition, low-temperature integration for complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) back-end-of-line (BEOL) integration is important for embedded memory applications. Solution-based exfoliation has been actively explored as a facile, cost-effective method for the mass production and low-temperature integration of 2D materials. However, the films produced from the resulting 2D nanosheet dispersions exhibited poor electrical properties in the early stages of research, thereby hindering their use in electronic devices. Recent progress in the exfoliation process and post-processing has led to significant improvements in the electronic performance of solution-processed 2D materials, driving increased adoption of these materials in memristor research. In this review article, we provide a thorough overview of the progress and current status of memristive devices utilizing solution-processed 2D resistive switching layers. We begin by introducing the electrical characteristics and resistive switching mechanisms of memristors fabricated with conventional materials to lay the groundwork for understanding memristive behavior in 2D materials. Representative solution-based exfoliation and film formation techniques are also introduced, emphasizing the benefits of these approaches for obtaining scalable 2D material films compared to conventional methods such as mechanical exfoliation and chemical vapor deposition. Finally, we explore the electrical characteristics, resistive switching mechanisms, and applications of solution-processed 2D memristive devices, discussing their advantages and remaining challenges.展开更多
The limited charge extraction efficiency and suboptimal energy-level alignment of poly(3,4-ethylenediox ythiophene)polystyrene sulfonate(PEDOT:PSS)as a hole transport layer restrict its performance in solar cell appli...The limited charge extraction efficiency and suboptimal energy-level alignment of poly(3,4-ethylenediox ythiophene)polystyrene sulfonate(PEDOT:PSS)as a hole transport layer restrict its performance in solar cell applications.In this study,we developed effective copper-ion(Cu(Ⅱ))-modified oxyl-terminated melem two-dimensional(2D)nanodisks(Cu(Ⅱ)@OMN)that improved the performance of PEDOT:PSS as a representative hole-transport layer(HTL)in organic and perovskite solar cells.Based on theoretical calculations and experimental data,the interaction between Cu(Ⅱ)@OMN and PEDOT or PSS led to electron redistribution in PEDOT:PSS and the dissociation of PEDOT and PSS,promoting enhanced charge extraction and transfer.In addition,the work function of the Cu(Ⅱ)@OMN-PEDOT:PSS is modified to achieve a more beneficial energy-level alignment,thereby facilitating improved hole transport and inhibited nonradiative recombination.Methylammonium(MA)-based perovskite and organic binary PM6:Y6solar cells achieved power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)of 19.21% and 17.15%,respectively.These PCEs are among the highest reported for MA-based perovskite and binary PM6:Y6 organic solar cells that use 2D nanomaterial-modified PEDOT:PSS,demonstrating the potential of Cu(Ⅱ)@OMN in solar cell applications.展开更多
The latest developments in bio-inspired neuromorphic vision sensors can be summarized in 3 keywords:smaller,faster,and smarter.(1)Smaller:Devices are becoming more compact by integrating previously separated component...The latest developments in bio-inspired neuromorphic vision sensors can be summarized in 3 keywords:smaller,faster,and smarter.(1)Smaller:Devices are becoming more compact by integrating previously separated components such as sensors,memory,and processing units.As a prime example,the transition from traditional sensory vision computing to in-sensor vision computing has shown clear benefits,such as simpler circuitry,lower power consumption,and less data redundancy.(2)Swifter:Owing to the nature of physics,smaller and more integrated devices can detect,process,and react to input more quickly.In addition,the methods for sensing and processing optical information using various materials(such as oxide semiconductors)are evolving.(3)Smarter:Owing to these two main research directions,we can expect advanced applications such as adaptive vision sensors,collision sensors,and nociceptive sensors.This review mainly focuses on the recent progress,working mechanisms,image pre-processing techniques,and advanced features of two types of neuromorphic vision sensors based on near-sensor and in-sensor vision computing methodologies.展开更多
Multifunctional,flexible,and robust thin films capable of operating in demanding harsh temperature environments are crucial for various cutting-edge applications.This study presents a multifunctional Janus film integr...Multifunctional,flexible,and robust thin films capable of operating in demanding harsh temperature environments are crucial for various cutting-edge applications.This study presents a multifunctional Janus film integrating highly-crystalline Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXene and mechanically-robust carbon nanotube(CNT)film through strong hydrogen bonding.The hybrid film not only exhibits high electrical conductivity(4250 S cm^(-1)),but also demonstrates robust mechanical strength and durability in both extremely low and high temperature environments,showing exceptional resistance to thermal shock.This hybrid Janus film of 15μm thickness reveals remarkable multifunctionality,including efficient electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of 72 dB in X band frequency range,excellent infrared(IR)shielding capability with an average emissivity of 0.09(a minimal value of 0.02),superior thermal camouflage performance over a wide temperature range(−1 to 300℃)achieving a notable reduction in the radiated temperature by 243℃ against a background temperature of 300℃,and outstanding IR detection capability characterized by a 44%increase in resistance when exposed to 250 W IR radiation.This multifunctional MXene/CNT Janus film offers a feasible solution for electromagnetic shielding and IR shielding/detection under challenging conditions.展开更多
Artificial sensory systems have emerged as pivotal technologies to bridge the gap between the virtual and real-world,replicating human senses to interact intelligently with external stimuli.To practically apply artifi...Artificial sensory systems have emerged as pivotal technologies to bridge the gap between the virtual and real-world,replicating human senses to interact intelligently with external stimuli.To practically apply artificial sensory systems in the real-world,it is essential to mass-produce nanomaterials with ensured sensitivity and selectivity,purify them for desired functions,and integrate them into large-area sensory devices through assembly techniques.A comprehensive understanding of each process parameter from material processing to device assembly is crucial for achieving a high-performing artificial sensory system.This review provides a technological framework for fabricating high-performance artificial sensory systems,covering material processing to device integrations.We introduce recent approaches for dispersing and purifying various nanomaterials including 0D,1D,and 2D nanomaterials.We then highlight advanced coating and printing techniques of the solution-processed nanomaterials based on representative three methods including(i)evaporation-based assembly,(ii)assisted assembly,and(iii)direct patterning.We explore the application and performances of these solution-processed materials and printing methods in fabricating sensory devices mimicking five human senses including vision,olfaction,gustation,hearing,and tactile perception.Finally,we suggest an outlook for possible future research directions to solve the remaining challenges of the artificial sensory systems such as ambient stability,device consistency,and integration with AI-based software.展开更多
The global healthcare landscape is increasingly challenged by the rising prevalence of chronic diseases and the demographic shift towards an aging population,necessitating the development of innovative and sustainable...The global healthcare landscape is increasingly challenged by the rising prevalence of chronic diseases and the demographic shift towards an aging population,necessitating the development of innovative and sustainable healthcare solutions.In this context,the emergence of triboelectric energy harvesters as a key technological breakthrough offers a viable pathway towards self-powered,efficient,and sustainable personal health management.This review critically examines the transformative potential of triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)in addressing the pressing challenges of modern healthcare,underscoring their unique benefits such as being battery-free,easy to fabricate,and cost-efficient.We begin by reviewing the fundamental mechanisms of triboelectrification at the atomic scale and presenting the contact electrification among various materials,such as metals,polymers,and semiconductors.The discussion subsequently extends to the commonly used materials for TENGs and explores advancements in their design and functionality,with an emphasis on structural and chemical innovations.Furthermore,the application spectrum of TENGs in personal health management is extensively reviewed,covering aspects including health monitoring,therapeutic intervention,health protection,and device powering,while highlighting their capacity for self-sustainability.The review concludes by addressing existing challenges while mapping out the latest significant contributions and prospective directions in TENG-based healthcare innovations.By facilitating a paradigm shift towards a more autonomous,cost-effective,and personalized healthcare model,independent of external power sources,TENGs are poised to markedly enhance the quality of care and overall well-being,marking the dawn of a new era in integrated personal health management.展开更多
The evolution of display backplane technologies has been driven by the relentless pursuit of higher form factor and superior performance coupled with lower power consumption.Current state-of-the-art backplane technolo...The evolution of display backplane technologies has been driven by the relentless pursuit of higher form factor and superior performance coupled with lower power consumption.Current state-of-the-art backplane technologies based on amorphous Si,poly Si,and IGZO,face challenges in meeting the requirements of next-generation displays,including larger dimensions,higher refresh rates,increased pixel density,greater brightness,and reduced power consumption.In this context,2D chalcogenides have emerged as promising candidates for thin-film transistors(TFTs)in display backplanes,offering advantages such as high mobility,low leakage current,mechanical robustness,and transparency.This comprehensive review explores the significance of 2D chalcogenides as materials for TFTs in next-generation display backplanes.We delve into the structural characteristics,electronic properties,and synthesis methods of 2D chalcogenides,emphasizing scalable growth strategies that are relevant to large-area display backplanes.Additionally,we discuss mechanical flexibility and strain engineering,crucial for the development of flexible displays.Performance enhancement strategies for 2D chalcogenide TFTs have been explored encompassing techniques in device engineering and geometry optimization,while considering scaling over a large area.Active-matrix implementation of 2D TFTs in various applications is also explored,benchmarking device performance on a large scale which is a necessary aspect of TFTs used in display backplanes.Furthermore,the latest development on the integration of 2D chalcogenide TFTs with different display technologies,such as OLED,quantum dot,and MicroLED displays has been reviewed in detail.Finally,challenges and opportunities in the field are discussed with a brief insight into emerging trends and research directions.展开更多
Metal dichalcogenide-based 2D materials,gained considerable attention recently as a hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)electrocatalyst.In this work,we synthesized MoSe_(2)-based electrocatalyst via hydrothermal route wit...Metal dichalcogenide-based 2D materials,gained considerable attention recently as a hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)electrocatalyst.In this work,we synthesized MoSe_(2)-based electrocatalyst via hydrothermal route with varying phase contents(1T/2H)and respective HER performances were evaluated under the acidic media(0.5 M H_(2)SO_(4)),where best HER performance was obtained from the sample consisting of mixed 1T/2H phases,which was directly grown on a carbon paper(167 mV at10 mA cm^(-2))Furthermore,HER performance of electrocatalyst was further improved by in-situ electrodeposition of Pt nanoparticles(0.15 wt%)on the MoSe_(2) surface,which lead to significant enhancement in the HER performances(133 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2)).Finally,we conducted density functional theory calculations to reveal the origin of such enhanced performances when the mixed 1T/2H phases were present,where phase boundary region(1T/2H heterojunction)act as a low energy pathway for H_(2)adsorption and desorption via electron accumulation effect.Moreover,presence of the Pt nanoparticles tunes the electronic states of the MoSe_(2)based catalyst,resulting in the enhanced HER activity at heterointerface of 1T/2H MoSe_(2) while facilitating the hydrogen adsorption and desorption process providing a low energy pathway for HER.These results provide new insight on atomic level understanding of the MoSe_(2) based catalyst for HER application.展开更多
Cu nanoparticles exhibit excellent properties as high-temperature-resistant,conductive,heat-dissipating,and connecting materials.However,their susceptibility to oxidation poses a major challenge to the production of h...Cu nanoparticles exhibit excellent properties as high-temperature-resistant,conductive,heat-dissipating,and connecting materials.However,their susceptibility to oxidation poses a major challenge to the production of high-quality sintered bodies in the air,severely limiting their widespread adoption in power electronics packaging.This study presents a novel approach to the synthesis of Cu nanoparticles capped with oleylamine ligands.By employing a simple solvent-cleaning process,effective control of the density of oleylamine ligands on particle surfaces was achieved,resulting in high-performance Cu nanoparticles with both oxidation resistance and air-sintering susceptibility.Moreover,through our research,the solvent-cleaning mechanism was clarified,a model for the oleylamine ligand decomposition was developed,the air-sintering behavior of Cu nanoparticles was analyzed,and the impacts of both the sintered bodies and interfaces on the sintering performance were explained.Additionally,Cu nanoparticles subjected to 5 cleaning rounds followed by sintering at 280℃and 5 MPa in air were confirmed to be able to produce the highest shear strength(49.2±3.51 MPa)and lowest resistivity(6.15±0.32μΩ·cm).Based on these results,flexible capacitive pressure sensors with Cu sintered electrodes were fabricated and demonstrated a stable pressure-capacitance response over the temperature range of 25-250℃.These findings underscore the impressive robustness and durability of sintered structures and the potential for high-temperature applications of oleylamine-capped Cu nanoparticles.Our study provides reliable application demonstrations for the low-cost manufacture of high-performance power electronics packaging structures that can operate in high-current-density,high-heat-flow-density,high-temperature,and high-stress environments.展开更多
The exploration of heterostructures composed of two-dimensional(2D)transition metal dichalcogenide(TMDc)materials has garnered significant research attention due to the distinctive properties of each individual compon...The exploration of heterostructures composed of two-dimensional(2D)transition metal dichalcogenide(TMDc)materials has garnered significant research attention due to the distinctive properties of each individual component and their phase-dependent unique properties.Using the plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition(PECVD)method,we analyze the fabrication of heterostructures consisting of two phases of molybdenum disulfide(MoS_(2))in four different cases.The initial hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)polarization curve indicates that the activity of the heterostructure MoS_(2)is consistent with that of the underlying MoS_(2),rather than the surface activity of the upper MoS_(2).This behavior can be attributed to the presence of Schottky barriers,which include contact resistance,which significantly hampers the efficient charge transfer at junctions between the two different phases of MoS_(2)layers and is mediated by van der Waals bonds.Remarkably,the energy barrier at the junction dissipates upon reaching a certain electrochemical potential,indicating surface activation from the top phase of MoS_(2)in the heterostructure.Notably,the 1T/2H MoS_(2)heterostructure demonstrates enhanced electrochemical stability compared to its metastable 1T-MoS_(2).This fundamental understanding paves the way for the creation of phase-controllable heterostructures through an experimentally viable PECVD,offering significant promise for a wide range of applications.展开更多
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and ICT(MSIT)of the Republic of Korea(00302646)supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea grant funded by the Korean Government(MSIT)(NRF-2022R1A4A1019296,1345374646,2022M3J1A1064315).
文摘Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have developed rapidly,positioning them as potential candidates for nextgeneration renewable energy sources.However,conventional trial-and-error approaches and the vast compositional parameter space continue to pose challenges in the pursuit of exceptional performance and high stability of perovskite-based optoelectronics.The increasing demand for novel materials in optoelectronic devices and establishment of substantial databases has enabled data-driven machinelearning(ML)approaches to swiftly advance in the materials field.This review succinctly outlines the fundamental ML procedures,techniques,and recent breakthroughs,particularly in predicting the physical characteristics of perovskite materials.Moreover,it highlights research endeavors aimed at optimizing and screening materials to enhance the efficiency and stability of PSCs.Additionally,this review highlights recent efforts in using characterization data for ML,exploring their correlations with material properties and device performance,which are actively being researched,but they have yet to receive significant attention.Lastly,we provide future perspectives,such as leveraging Large Language Models(LLMs)and text-mining,to expedite the discovery of novel perovskite materials and expand their utilization across various optoelectronic fields.
基金supported by the Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52021004)the Funds for Chongqing Talents Plan(No.CQYC2021059563)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2021CDJQY-027)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52206089).
文摘High-entropy materials(HEMs),which are typically composed of five or more elements in near-equimolar ratios with concentrations ranging from 5%to 35%,have distinct elemental compositions and geometric properties that allow for the development of advanced electrocatalysts for renewable energy conversion systems.The highentropy effect,crystal dislocations,cocktail effect,and slow diffusion in high-entropy layered double hydroxides(HE-LDHs)and amorphous materials(HE-AMs)have all been shown to boost electrocatalytic water oxidation performance significantly.These materials exhibit remarkable activity and stability in both alkaline and acidic conditions.HE-AMs,in particular,benefit from a variety of defects,including coordinatively unsaturated sites and loosely connected atoms,which are critical to their improved catalytic capabilities.HEMs engineering and precise nanostructure control can address the low intrinsic activity,restricted active sites,and poor conductivity of binary and ternary amorphous and LDH catalysts.This study discusses current advances in HE-LDHs and HE-AMs for water electrolysis,including synthesis methods,structural features,active site identification by DFT calculations,and their applications in water electrocatalysis.The presentation also covers potential problems and future directions for developing these materials in energy conversion device systems.
基金supported by the IITP(Institute of Information & Communications Technology Planning & Evaluation)-ITRC(Information Technology Research Center) grant funded by the Korea government(Ministry of Science and ICT) (IITP-2025-RS-2024-00437191, and RS-2025-02303505)partly supported by the Korea Basic Science Institute (National Research Facilities and Equipment Center) grant funded by the Ministry of Education. (No. 2022R1A6C101A774)the Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia, through Large Research Project under grant number RGP-2/527/46
文摘The growing global energy demand and worsening climate change highlight the urgent need for clean,efficient and sustainable energy solutions.Among emerging technologies,atomically thin two-dimensional(2D)materials offer unique advantages in photovoltaics due to their tunable optoelectronic properties,high surface area and efficient charge transport capabilities.This review explores recent progress in photovoltaics incorporating 2D materials,focusing on their application as hole and electron transport layers to optimize bandgap alignment,enhance carrier mobility and improve chemical stability.A comprehensive analysis is presented on perovskite solar cells utilizing 2D materials,with a particular focus on strategies to enhance crystallization,passivate defects and improve overall cell efficiency.Additionally,the application of 2D materials in organic solar cells is examined,particularly for reducing recombination losses and enhancing charge extraction through work function modification.Their impact on dye-sensitized solar cells,including catalytic activity and counter electrode performance,is also explored.Finally,the review outlines key challenges,material limitations and performance metrics,offering insight into the future development of nextgeneration photovoltaic devices encouraged by 2D materials.
文摘With the increasing spotlight in electric vehicles,there is a growing demand for high-energy-density batteries to enhance driving range.Consequently,several studies have been conducted on high-energy-density LiNi_(x)Co_(y)Mn_(z)O_(2)cathodes.However,there is a limit to permanent performance deterioration because of side reactions caused by moisture in the atmosphere and continuous microcracks during cycling as the Ni content to express high energy increases and the content of Mn and Co that maintain structural and electrochemical stabilization decreases.The direct modification of the surface and bulk regions aims to enhance the capacity and long-term performance of high-Ni cathode materials.Therefore,an efficient modification requires a study based on a thorough understanding of the degradation mechanisms in the surface and bulk region.In this review,a comprehensive analysis of various modifications,including doping,coating,concentration gradient,and single crystals,is conducted to solve degradation issues along with an analysis of the overall degradation mechanism occurring in high-Ni cathode materials.It also summarizes recent research developments related to the following modifications,aims to provide notable points and directions for post-studies,and provides valuable references for the commercialization of stable high-energy-density cathode materials.
基金supported by a Research Grant of Pukyong National University(2023)。
文摘Achieving high-quality perovskite films without surface defects is regarded as a crucial target for the development of durable high-performance perovskite solar cells.Additive engineering is commonly employed to simultaneously control the growth of perovskite crystals and passivate defects.Here,4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic anhydride(4-TBA)composed of benzene rings functionalized with carbonyl and trifluoromethyl groups was used as an example additive to study the characteristics of additives used for producing high-quality perovskites and controlling their surface properties.The interaction between4-TBA and perovskite precursor materials was investigated using density functional theory(DFT)simulations.The electron-rich carbonyl group efficiently passivated the under-coordinated lead-ion defects.Additionally,hydrogen bonding between trifluoromethyl and organic cations prevents the generation of cation vacancies.Because of its intrinsic hydrophobicity,the trifluoromethyl group simultaneously improves the moisture and heat stability of the film.4-TBA serves as a universal modifier for various perovskite compositions.The power conversion efficiency(PCE)of inverted perovskite solar cells(PSCs)based on methylammonium(MA)with 4-TBA was improved from 16.15%to 19.28%.Similarly,the PCE of inverted PSCs based on a cesium formamidinium MA(CsFAMA)perovskite film increased from20.72%to 23.58%,upon addition of 4-TBA.Furthermore,the moisture and thermal stability of 4-TBAtreated films and devices was significantly enhanced,along with prolonged device performance.Our work provides guidance on selecting the structure and functional groups that are essential for surface defect passivation and the production of high-quality perovskites.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52075125 and 52105331)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2023A1515010591)Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee(Nos.JCYJ20210324124203009,JSGG20201102154600003,GXWD20231130103814001,GXWD20220721182229001)
文摘Silver paste is widely used in power electronics as a die-attach material owing to its low-temperature sinterability,high melting point,and excellent electrical and thermal conductivities in sintered joints.However,owing to the mismatch in the coefficient of thermal expansion(CTE)between the joints and chip,the high Young's modulus of sintered silver hinders the mitigation of the high thermal stress generated during the operation of power modules,which increases the susceptibility of sintered joints to cracking,thereby leading to potential failure.This study developed a facile approach to synthesizing bayberry-like Ag microparticles(AgMPs)through the in situ assembly of silver nanorods,resulting in a uniform distribution of nanoscale structures and mesopores on the particle surface.These particles exhibited a high specific surface area of 2.5389 m^(2)·g^(-1),which enhanced theirsintering activity,enabling sintering to occur at 149.7℃.Furthermore,the porous structure of the AgMPs effectively reduced the density of joints formed by sintering AgMP paste,thereby lowering the Young's modulus of the joints.The small grain size and intricate internal substructure of the joints yielded high shear strength,which reached112.50 MPa at 250℃.The Young's modulus could be adjusted,and the pores provided by the AgMPs maintained the Young's modulus within a low range(15.11-29.61GPa),effectively mitigating thermal stress.These new bayberry-like porous AgMPs offer a promising option for die-attach materials in electronic packaging.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(Grant number:RS-2025-02316700,and RS-2025-00522430)the China Scholarship Council Program。
文摘The bandgap is a key parameter for understanding and designing hybrid perovskite material properties,as well as developing photovoltaic devices.Traditional bandgap calculation methods like ultravioletvisible spectroscopy and first-principles calculations are time-and power-consuming,not to mention capturing bandgap change mechanisms for hybrid perovskite materials across a wide range of unknown space.In the present work,an artificial intelligence ensemble comprising two classifiers(with F1 scores of 0.9125 and 0.925)and a regressor(with mean squared error of 0.0014 eV)is constructed to achieve high-precision prediction of the bandgap.The bandgap perovskite dataset is established through highthroughput prediction of bandgaps by the ensemble.Based on the self-built dataset,partial dependence analysis(PDA)is developed to interpret the bandgap influential mechanism.Meanwhile,an interpretable mathematical model with an R^(2)of 0.8417 is generated using the genetic programming symbolic regression(GPSR)technique.The constructed PDA maps agree well with the Shapley Additive exPlanations,the GPSR model,and experiment verification.Through PDA,we reveal the boundary effect,the bowing effect,and their evolution trends with key descriptors.
基金financially supported by the Fundamental Research Program of the Korea Institute of Materials Science(No.PNKA330)
文摘Although hot-rolled La(Fe,Co,Si)13-based alloys are promising magnetocaloric materials for solidstate cooling with near-net shaping capabilities,their underlying hot deformation mechanisms remain largely unexplored.In this study,a comprehensive and systematic investigation was conducted,by encompassing the analysis of hot deformation mechanisms,along with the microstructure evolution and magnetoc aloric properties of hot-rolled La-Fe-Co-Si alloy.The La_(1.05)Fe_(11.2)Co_(0.7)Si_(1.38)alloy was examined using multiscale mechanical analysis to assess the effects of temperature.A series of macroscale hot compression and microscale nanoindentation tests were performed to access global and local mechanical properties,including variations in hardness and indentation modulus of the primaryα-Fe and secondary 1:1:1 phases up to 800℃.A significant decrease in hardness and elastic recovery of the secondary phase was observed between 600and 800℃,above half of its melting point(1113℃),suggesting pronounced flow softening in both theα-Fe and 1:1:1 phases.Additionally,a novel multi-step annealing process was introduced for hot-rolled La-Fe-Co-Si alloys,involving partial transient liquid-phase diffusion in the 1:1:1 phase to address deformation-induced defects,such as residualα-Fe and lattice distortions in the 1:13 phase,which have not been previously reported.As a result,a primary La(Fe,Co,Si)13phase with a volume fraction of97.5%was achieved after multi-step annealing,compared to 87.5%using conventional annealing.Correspondingly,the magnetocaloric properties were restored,with the Curie temperature(TC)recovering from 276 to 268 K and the maximum magnetic entropy change(ΔSM)increasing from 7.56 to 8.67 J kg^(-1)K^(-1)under a 2 T magnetic field.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)Grant funded by the Korea Government(Ministry of Science and ICT)(No.NRF-2022R1A2C2010774)by the GRRC program of Gyeonggi Province(GRRC Sungkyunkwan 2023-B04)by Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology(KIAT)grant funded by the Korea Government(MOTIE)(P0020967,Advanced Training Program for Smart Sensor Engineers).
文摘With the rise of artificial intelligence(AI),neuromorphic sensory systems that emulate the five basic human sensations including tactility,audition,olfaction,gustation,and vision have attracted significant attention.In particular,research on integrating sensors with artificial synapses is being carried out extensively.These studies offer valuable opportunities for making another breakthrough in AI technology,including autonomous systems,real-time monitoring systems,and human-machine interactions.In this review,we introduce promising reports of neuromorphic sensory systems.Specifically,the core sensing material,device architecture,fabrication process,and applications of the proposed systems are presented in detail.Finally,the unsolved challenges and the prospects of neuromorphic sensory systems are discussed.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Program(PNKA130)of the Korea Institute of Materials Science,Republic of Korea。
文摘This study investigates zinc’s(Zn)key role in enhancing the precipitation kinetics and refinement of Mg_(17)Al_(12)and Mg_(2)Sn phases in magnesium alloys through trace sodium(Na)additions.Magnesium alloys with varying compositions of aluminum(Al),tin(Sn),Zn,and Na were prepared and aged at 453 K.Microstructural analyses were conducted using transmission electron microscopy(TEM),scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM),and atom probe tomography(APT).Trace additions of Na significantly enhanced the precipitation responses of both Mg_(17)Al_(12)and Mg_(2)Sn phases.When Zn was co-added with Na,as in the ATZ641N3 alloy(Mg–6Al–4Sn–1Zn–0.3Na),there was a pronounced refinement in precipitate morphology and acceleration of precipitation kinetics.The ATZ641N3 alloy achieved a peak hardness of 103 Hv at 36 hours,compared to 91 Hv at 72 hours for the ATZ641 alloy without Na.The simultaneous addition of Zn and Na led to the formation of Sn–Na–Zn particles that acted as effective nucleation sites for Mg_(2)Sn,promoting aluminum partitioning and accelerating the precipitation of Mg_(17)Al_(12)through Al-rich regions.Additionally,Zn and Na co-segregated within the Mg_(17)Al_(12)phase,reducing misfit strain caused by Zn substitution and improving precipitate stability and refinement.These findings highlight Zn’s critical role,alongside trace Na additions,in refining and accelerating the precipitation of Mg_(17)Al_(12)and Mg_(2)Sn phases,thereby enhancing the age-hardening response of magnesium alloys.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation(NRF)Grant funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(Nos.RS-2023-00208538,RS-2024-00411904,and RS-2023-00237308).
文摘Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted significant attention as resistive switching materials for two-terminal non-volatile memory devices, often referred to as memristors, due to their potential for achieving fast switching speeds and low power consumption. Their excellent gate tunability in electronic properties also enables hybrid devices combining the functionality of memory devices and transistors, with the possibility of realizing large-scale memristive crossbar arrays with high integration density. To facilitate the use of 2D materials in practical memristor applications, scalable synthesis of 2D materials with high electronic quality is critical. In addition, low-temperature integration for complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) back-end-of-line (BEOL) integration is important for embedded memory applications. Solution-based exfoliation has been actively explored as a facile, cost-effective method for the mass production and low-temperature integration of 2D materials. However, the films produced from the resulting 2D nanosheet dispersions exhibited poor electrical properties in the early stages of research, thereby hindering their use in electronic devices. Recent progress in the exfoliation process and post-processing has led to significant improvements in the electronic performance of solution-processed 2D materials, driving increased adoption of these materials in memristor research. In this review article, we provide a thorough overview of the progress and current status of memristive devices utilizing solution-processed 2D resistive switching layers. We begin by introducing the electrical characteristics and resistive switching mechanisms of memristors fabricated with conventional materials to lay the groundwork for understanding memristive behavior in 2D materials. Representative solution-based exfoliation and film formation techniques are also introduced, emphasizing the benefits of these approaches for obtaining scalable 2D material films compared to conventional methods such as mechanical exfoliation and chemical vapor deposition. Finally, we explore the electrical characteristics, resistive switching mechanisms, and applications of solution-processed 2D memristive devices, discussing their advantages and remaining challenges.
基金supported by the Nano Material Technology Development Program(2021M3H4A1A02057007)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT through the National Research Foundation of Koreasupported by the Basic Science Research Program through NRF funded by the Ministry of Education(2022R1A6A1A03051158,2022R1A2C4002248,RS-202300247069)。
文摘The limited charge extraction efficiency and suboptimal energy-level alignment of poly(3,4-ethylenediox ythiophene)polystyrene sulfonate(PEDOT:PSS)as a hole transport layer restrict its performance in solar cell applications.In this study,we developed effective copper-ion(Cu(Ⅱ))-modified oxyl-terminated melem two-dimensional(2D)nanodisks(Cu(Ⅱ)@OMN)that improved the performance of PEDOT:PSS as a representative hole-transport layer(HTL)in organic and perovskite solar cells.Based on theoretical calculations and experimental data,the interaction between Cu(Ⅱ)@OMN and PEDOT or PSS led to electron redistribution in PEDOT:PSS and the dissociation of PEDOT and PSS,promoting enhanced charge extraction and transfer.In addition,the work function of the Cu(Ⅱ)@OMN-PEDOT:PSS is modified to achieve a more beneficial energy-level alignment,thereby facilitating improved hole transport and inhibited nonradiative recombination.Methylammonium(MA)-based perovskite and organic binary PM6:Y6solar cells achieved power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)of 19.21% and 17.15%,respectively.These PCEs are among the highest reported for MA-based perovskite and binary PM6:Y6 organic solar cells that use 2D nanomaterial-modified PEDOT:PSS,demonstrating the potential of Cu(Ⅱ)@OMN in solar cell applications.
基金This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(No.NRF-2019R1A2C2002447)This research also was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(No.NRF-2014R1A6A1030419)This work also was supported by Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology(KIAT)grant funded by the Korea Government(MOTIE)(P0020967,Advanced Training Program for Smart Sensor Engineers).
文摘The latest developments in bio-inspired neuromorphic vision sensors can be summarized in 3 keywords:smaller,faster,and smarter.(1)Smaller:Devices are becoming more compact by integrating previously separated components such as sensors,memory,and processing units.As a prime example,the transition from traditional sensory vision computing to in-sensor vision computing has shown clear benefits,such as simpler circuitry,lower power consumption,and less data redundancy.(2)Swifter:Owing to the nature of physics,smaller and more integrated devices can detect,process,and react to input more quickly.In addition,the methods for sensing and processing optical information using various materials(such as oxide semiconductors)are evolving.(3)Smarter:Owing to these two main research directions,we can expect advanced applications such as adaptive vision sensors,collision sensors,and nociceptive sensors.This review mainly focuses on the recent progress,working mechanisms,image pre-processing techniques,and advanced features of two types of neuromorphic vision sensors based on near-sensor and in-sensor vision computing methodologies.
基金supported by grants from the Basic Science Research Program(2021M3H4A1A03047327 and 2022R1A2C3006227)through the National Research Foundation of Korea,funded by the Ministry of Science,ICT,and Future Planningthe Fundamental R&D Program for Core Technology of Materials and the Industrial Strategic Technology Development Program(20020855),funded by the Ministry of Trade,Industry,and Energy,Republic of Korea+2 种基金the National Research Council of Science&Technology(NST),funded by the Korean Government(MSIT)(CRC22031-000)partially supported by POSCO and Hyundai Mobis,a start-up fund(S-2022-0096-000)the Postdoctoral Research Program of Sungkyunkwan University(2022).
文摘Multifunctional,flexible,and robust thin films capable of operating in demanding harsh temperature environments are crucial for various cutting-edge applications.This study presents a multifunctional Janus film integrating highly-crystalline Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXene and mechanically-robust carbon nanotube(CNT)film through strong hydrogen bonding.The hybrid film not only exhibits high electrical conductivity(4250 S cm^(-1)),but also demonstrates robust mechanical strength and durability in both extremely low and high temperature environments,showing exceptional resistance to thermal shock.This hybrid Janus film of 15μm thickness reveals remarkable multifunctionality,including efficient electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of 72 dB in X band frequency range,excellent infrared(IR)shielding capability with an average emissivity of 0.09(a minimal value of 0.02),superior thermal camouflage performance over a wide temperature range(−1 to 300℃)achieving a notable reduction in the radiated temperature by 243℃ against a background temperature of 300℃,and outstanding IR detection capability characterized by a 44%increase in resistance when exposed to 250 W IR radiation.This multifunctional MXene/CNT Janus film offers a feasible solution for electromagnetic shielding and IR shielding/detection under challenging conditions.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation(NRF)grant funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(No.RS-2023-00237308).
文摘Artificial sensory systems have emerged as pivotal technologies to bridge the gap between the virtual and real-world,replicating human senses to interact intelligently with external stimuli.To practically apply artificial sensory systems in the real-world,it is essential to mass-produce nanomaterials with ensured sensitivity and selectivity,purify them for desired functions,and integrate them into large-area sensory devices through assembly techniques.A comprehensive understanding of each process parameter from material processing to device assembly is crucial for achieving a high-performing artificial sensory system.This review provides a technological framework for fabricating high-performance artificial sensory systems,covering material processing to device integrations.We introduce recent approaches for dispersing and purifying various nanomaterials including 0D,1D,and 2D nanomaterials.We then highlight advanced coating and printing techniques of the solution-processed nanomaterials based on representative three methods including(i)evaporation-based assembly,(ii)assisted assembly,and(iii)direct patterning.We explore the application and performances of these solution-processed materials and printing methods in fabricating sensory devices mimicking five human senses including vision,olfaction,gustation,hearing,and tactile perception.Finally,we suggest an outlook for possible future research directions to solve the remaining challenges of the artificial sensory systems such as ambient stability,device consistency,and integration with AI-based software.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)Grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(Nos.2020R1A5A1019131 and 2022M3D1A2054488)。
文摘The global healthcare landscape is increasingly challenged by the rising prevalence of chronic diseases and the demographic shift towards an aging population,necessitating the development of innovative and sustainable healthcare solutions.In this context,the emergence of triboelectric energy harvesters as a key technological breakthrough offers a viable pathway towards self-powered,efficient,and sustainable personal health management.This review critically examines the transformative potential of triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)in addressing the pressing challenges of modern healthcare,underscoring their unique benefits such as being battery-free,easy to fabricate,and cost-efficient.We begin by reviewing the fundamental mechanisms of triboelectrification at the atomic scale and presenting the contact electrification among various materials,such as metals,polymers,and semiconductors.The discussion subsequently extends to the commonly used materials for TENGs and explores advancements in their design and functionality,with an emphasis on structural and chemical innovations.Furthermore,the application spectrum of TENGs in personal health management is extensively reviewed,covering aspects including health monitoring,therapeutic intervention,health protection,and device powering,while highlighting their capacity for self-sustainability.The review concludes by addressing existing challenges while mapping out the latest significant contributions and prospective directions in TENG-based healthcare innovations.By facilitating a paradigm shift towards a more autonomous,cost-effective,and personalized healthcare model,independent of external power sources,TENGs are poised to markedly enhance the quality of care and overall well-being,marking the dawn of a new era in integrated personal health management.
基金supported in part by the National Research Foundation of Korea Grant Number:RS-2024-00448809National Research Foundation of Korea Grant Number:RS-2025-00517255+1 种基金National Research Foundation of Korea Grant Number:No.2021M3H4A1A02056037supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korean(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(2020R1A6A1A03040516).
文摘The evolution of display backplane technologies has been driven by the relentless pursuit of higher form factor and superior performance coupled with lower power consumption.Current state-of-the-art backplane technologies based on amorphous Si,poly Si,and IGZO,face challenges in meeting the requirements of next-generation displays,including larger dimensions,higher refresh rates,increased pixel density,greater brightness,and reduced power consumption.In this context,2D chalcogenides have emerged as promising candidates for thin-film transistors(TFTs)in display backplanes,offering advantages such as high mobility,low leakage current,mechanical robustness,and transparency.This comprehensive review explores the significance of 2D chalcogenides as materials for TFTs in next-generation display backplanes.We delve into the structural characteristics,electronic properties,and synthesis methods of 2D chalcogenides,emphasizing scalable growth strategies that are relevant to large-area display backplanes.Additionally,we discuss mechanical flexibility and strain engineering,crucial for the development of flexible displays.Performance enhancement strategies for 2D chalcogenide TFTs have been explored encompassing techniques in device engineering and geometry optimization,while considering scaling over a large area.Active-matrix implementation of 2D TFTs in various applications is also explored,benchmarking device performance on a large scale which is a necessary aspect of TFTs used in display backplanes.Furthermore,the latest development on the integration of 2D chalcogenide TFTs with different display technologies,such as OLED,quantum dot,and MicroLED displays has been reviewed in detail.Finally,challenges and opportunities in the field are discussed with a brief insight into emerging trends and research directions.
基金supported by the GRRC program of Gyeonggi Province(GRRC Sungkyunkwan 2023-B01)the support of Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning(KETEP)and the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(MOTIE)of the Republic of Korea(No.20224000000100)the research support of KENTECH foundation research grant supported by MOTIE。
文摘Metal dichalcogenide-based 2D materials,gained considerable attention recently as a hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)electrocatalyst.In this work,we synthesized MoSe_(2)-based electrocatalyst via hydrothermal route with varying phase contents(1T/2H)and respective HER performances were evaluated under the acidic media(0.5 M H_(2)SO_(4)),where best HER performance was obtained from the sample consisting of mixed 1T/2H phases,which was directly grown on a carbon paper(167 mV at10 mA cm^(-2))Furthermore,HER performance of electrocatalyst was further improved by in-situ electrodeposition of Pt nanoparticles(0.15 wt%)on the MoSe_(2) surface,which lead to significant enhancement in the HER performances(133 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2)).Finally,we conducted density functional theory calculations to reveal the origin of such enhanced performances when the mixed 1T/2H phases were present,where phase boundary region(1T/2H heterojunction)act as a low energy pathway for H_(2)adsorption and desorption via electron accumulation effect.Moreover,presence of the Pt nanoparticles tunes the electronic states of the MoSe_(2)based catalyst,resulting in the enhanced HER activity at heterointerface of 1T/2H MoSe_(2) while facilitating the hydrogen adsorption and desorption process providing a low energy pathway for HER.These results provide new insight on atomic level understanding of the MoSe_(2) based catalyst for HER application.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(No.2022J01044)the Digital Twin and Intelligent Transportation Maintenance Engineering Research Centre of Genting Applied Technology R&D Platform at Xiamen City University.
文摘Cu nanoparticles exhibit excellent properties as high-temperature-resistant,conductive,heat-dissipating,and connecting materials.However,their susceptibility to oxidation poses a major challenge to the production of high-quality sintered bodies in the air,severely limiting their widespread adoption in power electronics packaging.This study presents a novel approach to the synthesis of Cu nanoparticles capped with oleylamine ligands.By employing a simple solvent-cleaning process,effective control of the density of oleylamine ligands on particle surfaces was achieved,resulting in high-performance Cu nanoparticles with both oxidation resistance and air-sintering susceptibility.Moreover,through our research,the solvent-cleaning mechanism was clarified,a model for the oleylamine ligand decomposition was developed,the air-sintering behavior of Cu nanoparticles was analyzed,and the impacts of both the sintered bodies and interfaces on the sintering performance were explained.Additionally,Cu nanoparticles subjected to 5 cleaning rounds followed by sintering at 280℃and 5 MPa in air were confirmed to be able to produce the highest shear strength(49.2±3.51 MPa)and lowest resistivity(6.15±0.32μΩ·cm).Based on these results,flexible capacitive pressure sensors with Cu sintered electrodes were fabricated and demonstrated a stable pressure-capacitance response over the temperature range of 25-250℃.These findings underscore the impressive robustness and durability of sintered structures and the potential for high-temperature applications of oleylamine-capped Cu nanoparticles.Our study provides reliable application demonstrations for the low-cost manufacture of high-performance power electronics packaging structures that can operate in high-current-density,high-heat-flow-density,high-temperature,and high-stress environments.
基金supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF),funded by the Ministry of Education(2022R1A3B1078163 and 2022R1A4A1031182)supported by the KIMM institutional program(NK248E)and NST/KIMM+3 种基金supported by the Technology Innovation Program(or Industrial Strategic Technology Development Program)(20024772),(RS-2023-00264860)funded by the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(MOTIE,Korea)(1415187508)supported by the US Department of Energy,Office of Science,Office of Basic Energy Sciences,under grant no.DE-FG02-87ER13808by Northwestern University.
文摘The exploration of heterostructures composed of two-dimensional(2D)transition metal dichalcogenide(TMDc)materials has garnered significant research attention due to the distinctive properties of each individual component and their phase-dependent unique properties.Using the plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition(PECVD)method,we analyze the fabrication of heterostructures consisting of two phases of molybdenum disulfide(MoS_(2))in four different cases.The initial hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)polarization curve indicates that the activity of the heterostructure MoS_(2)is consistent with that of the underlying MoS_(2),rather than the surface activity of the upper MoS_(2).This behavior can be attributed to the presence of Schottky barriers,which include contact resistance,which significantly hampers the efficient charge transfer at junctions between the two different phases of MoS_(2)layers and is mediated by van der Waals bonds.Remarkably,the energy barrier at the junction dissipates upon reaching a certain electrochemical potential,indicating surface activation from the top phase of MoS_(2)in the heterostructure.Notably,the 1T/2H MoS_(2)heterostructure demonstrates enhanced electrochemical stability compared to its metastable 1T-MoS_(2).This fundamental understanding paves the way for the creation of phase-controllable heterostructures through an experimentally viable PECVD,offering significant promise for a wide range of applications.
