MXenes are emerging transition metal carbides and nitrides-based 2D conductive materials.They have found wide applications in sensors due to their excellent valuable properties.This paper reviews the recent research s...MXenes are emerging transition metal carbides and nitrides-based 2D conductive materials.They have found wide applications in sensors due to their excellent valuable properties.This paper reviews the recent research status of MXene-based electrochemical(bio)sensors for detecting biomarkers,pesticides,and other aspects.The first part of this paper introduced the synthesis strategy and the effect of surface modification on various prop-erties of MXenes.The second part of this paper discussed the application of MXenes as electrode modifiers for detecting pesticides,environmental pollutants,and biomarkers such as glucose,hydrogen peroxide,etc.Hope this review will inspire more efforts toward research on MXene-based sensors to meet the growing requirements.展开更多
The high compacted density LiNi<sub>0.5-x</sub>Co<sub>0.2</sub>Mn<sub>0.3</sub>Mg<sub>x</sub>O<sub>2</sub> cathode material for lithium-ion batteries was syn...The high compacted density LiNi<sub>0.5-x</sub>Co<sub>0.2</sub>Mn<sub>0.3</sub>Mg<sub>x</sub>O<sub>2</sub> cathode material for lithium-ion batteries was synthesized by high temperature solid-state method, taking the Mg element as a doping element and the spherical Ni<sub>0.5</sub>Co<sub>0.2</sub>Mn<sub>0.3</sub> (OH)<sub>2</sub>, Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> as raw materials. The effects of calcination temperature on the structure and properties of the products were investigated. The structure and morphology of cathode materials powder were analyzed by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) and scanning electronmicroscopy (SEM). The electrochemical properties of the cathode materials were studied by charge-discharge test and cyclic properties test. The results show that LiNi<sub>0.4985</sub>Co<sub>0.2</sub>Mn<sub>0.3</sub> Mg<sub>0.0015</sub>O<sub>2</sub> cathode material prepared at calcination temperature 930°C has a good layered structure, and the compacted density of the electrode sheet is above 3.68 g/cm<sup>3</sup>. The discharge capacity retention rate is more than 97.5% after 100 cycles at a charge-discharge rate of 1C, displaying a good cyclic performance.展开更多
Magnesium alloys have emerged as promising light weight materials due to their low density,high specific strength,excellent machinability,and superior damping capacity,making them ideal for aerospace,automotive,and el...Magnesium alloys have emerged as promising light weight materials due to their low density,high specific strength,excellent machinability,and superior damping capacity,making them ideal for aerospace,automotive,and electronics applications.However,broader use of magnesium alloys is limited by poor thermo-mechanical performance,corrosion susceptibility,and low formability at room temperature.The addition of rare-earth elements such as gadolinium,yttrium,and neodymium has meaningfully improved these limitations,enhancing the overall performance of magnesium alloys.This review highlights recent advancements in rare-earth magnesium alloys,focusing on their improved thermo-mechanical properties,microstructural evolution,crystallization behavior,and texture development.Herein,strengthening mechanisms associated with rare-earth additions are discussed in detail.Furthermore,the article explores growing relevance of these alloys in advanced applications,including biomedical implants,Io T devices,aerospace structures,defense systems,and general engineering.With their enhanced mechanical and functional properties,rare-earth magnesium alloys represent a new generation of high-performance,functional materials poised to drive innovation across multiple technology sectors.展开更多
Using cetyl-trimethyl-ammonium bromide （CTMAB） as the template agent and tetraethylorthosilicate （TEOS） as the silica source, the MCM-41 mesoporous materials were synthesized with La or Ce incorporated in the fram...Using cetyl-trimethyl-ammonium bromide （CTMAB） as the template agent and tetraethylorthosilicate （TEOS） as the silica source, the MCM-41 mesoporous materials were synthesized with La or Ce incorporated in the framework under hydrothermal conditions. The structure and the state of La or Ce were investigated through the analyses of XRD, nitrogen adsorption-desorption, FT-IR, and UV-Vis. XRD and N2 adsorption-desorption results showed that Ln-MCM-41 exhibited the loss of the lattice ordering of the MCM-41 construct, and larger unit cell parameter and pore diameter than pure silica MCM-41. The FT-IR and UV-Vis results indicated the presence of isolated tetra-coordinated La or Ce ions in the framework and other Ln species dispersed highly on the Ln-MCM-41 surface simultaneously. Furthermore, their catalytic behaviors in the oxidation of styrene were studied using H2O2 as the oxidant. The La-MCM-41 catalysts exhibited high reactivity and the reactivity increased with the increase of the La content in the La-MCM-41 samples. On the contrary, Ce-MCM-41 catalysts showed low reactivity in the oxidation of styrene and the conversion of styrene decreased with the increase of the Ce content in the Ce-MCM-41 samples.展开更多
The shortage of fresh water in the world has brought upon a serious crisis to human health and economic development.Solar‐driven interfacial photothermal conversion water evaporation including evaporating seawater,la...The shortage of fresh water in the world has brought upon a serious crisis to human health and economic development.Solar‐driven interfacial photothermal conversion water evaporation including evaporating seawater,lake water,or river water has been recognized as an environmentally friendly process for obtaining clean water in a low‐cost way.However,water transport is restricted by itself by solar energy absorption capacity's limits,especially for finite evaporation rates and insufficient working life.Therefore,it is important to seek photothermal conversion materials that can efficiently absorb solar energy and reasonably design solar‐driven interfacial photothermal conversion water evaporation devices.This paper reviews the research progress of carbon‐based photothermal conversion materials and the mechanism for solar‐driven interfacial photothermal conversion water evaporation,as well as the summary of the design and development of the devices.Based on the research progress and achievements of photothermal conversion materials and devices in the fields of seawater desalination and photothermal electric energy generation in recent years,the challenges and opportunities faced by carbon‐based photothermal conversion materials and devices are discussed.The prospect of the practical application of solar‐driven interfacial photothermal conversion evaporation technology is foreseen,and theoretical guidance is provided for the further development of this technology.展开更多
La-doped and La-B-doped KIT-6 mesoporous materials were prepared by direct hydrothermal synthesis with pH-adjusting method and characterized by X-ray diffractometer(XRD),nitrogen sorption,FT-IR,UV-Vis,X-ray photoelect...La-doped and La-B-doped KIT-6 mesoporous materials were prepared by direct hydrothermal synthesis with pH-adjusting method and characterized by X-ray diffractometer(XRD),nitrogen sorption,FT-IR,UV-Vis,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and ICP-AES.The catalytic performance for the oxidation of styrene by hydrogen peroxide,tert-butyl hydroperoxide or oxygen was investigated.The results showed that the introduction of heteroatoms did not destroy the mesostructure of KIT-6 with cubic Ia3d space group.La or ...展开更多
This paper gave a brief discussion on the characteristics of Mg alloys and gave a brief review in the Mg alloys researches, with emphasis on the research progress and fabrication technology. Several vital directions f...This paper gave a brief discussion on the characteristics of Mg alloys and gave a brief review in the Mg alloys researches, with emphasis on the research progress and fabrication technology. Several vital directions for the future development were pointed out.展开更多
The 2024/3003 aluminum gradient alloys are prepared by semi continuous casting. The influences of throttle bore diameter of embedded nozzle and temperature of internal melt on composition distribution, macrostructure,...The 2024/3003 aluminum gradient alloys are prepared by semi continuous casting. The influences of throttle bore diameter of embedded nozzle and temperature of internal melt on composition distribution, macrostructure, hardness are analyzed, and the stability of gradient distribution of composition, macrostructure and hardness along the axial direction of the ingot is also studied. The results show that diffe rent composition profiles can be achieved by adjusting the processing parameters; the volume fraction of inner alloy in the ingot can be increased by enlarging the throttle bore diameter and elevating the temperature of inner melt; quasi steady solidification can be realized within 20 s during cast processing, and consistent quality ingot is obtained by controlling the casting speed and liquid height of inner melt.展开更多
Magnesium(Mg)-based materials are a new generation of alloys with the exclusive ability to be biodegradable within the human/animal body.In addition to biodegradability,their inherent biocompatibility and similar-to-b...Magnesium(Mg)-based materials are a new generation of alloys with the exclusive ability to be biodegradable within the human/animal body.In addition to biodegradability,their inherent biocompatibility and similar-to-bone density make Mg-based alloys good candidates for fabricating surgical bioimplants for use in orthopedic and traumatology treatments.To this end,nowadays additive manufacturing(AM)along with three-dimensional(3D)printing represents a promising manufacturing technique as it allows for the integration of bioimplant design and manufacturing processes specific to given applications.Meanwhile,this technique also faces many new challenges associated with the properties of Mg-based alloys,including high chemical reactivity,potential for combustion,and low vaporization temperature.In this review article,various AM processes to fabricate biomedical implants from Mg-based alloys,along with their metallic microstructure,mechanical properties,biodegradability,biocompatibility,and antibacterial properties,as well as various post-AM treatments were critically reviewed.Also,the challenges and issues involved in AM processes from the perspectives of bioimplant design,properties,and applications were identified;the possibilities and potential scope of the Mg-based scaffolds/implants are discussed and highlighted.展开更多
Molybdenum-based materials have been intensively investigated for high-performance gas sensor applications.Particularly,molybdenum oxides and dichalcogenides nanostructures have been widely examined due to their tunab...Molybdenum-based materials have been intensively investigated for high-performance gas sensor applications.Particularly,molybdenum oxides and dichalcogenides nanostructures have been widely examined due to their tunable structural and physicochemical properties that meet sensor requirements.These materials have good durability,are naturally abundant,low cost,and have facile preparation,allowing scalable fabrication to fulfill the growing demand of susceptible sensor devices.Significant advances have been made in recent decades to design and fabricate various molybdenum oxides-and dichalcogenides-based sensing materials,though it is still challenging to achieve high performances.Therefore,many experimental and theoretical investigations have been devoted to exploring suitable approaches which can significantly enhance their gas sensing properties.This review comprehensively examines recent advanced strategies to improve the nanostructured molybdenum-based material performance for detecting harmful pollutants,dangerous gases,or even exhaled breath monitoring.The summary and future challenges to advance their gas sensing performances will also be presented.展开更多
Owing to unprecedented climate change issues in recent times, global automotive industry is striving hard in developing novel functional materials to improve vehicle’s fuel efficiency. It is believed that more than a...Owing to unprecedented climate change issues in recent times, global automotive industry is striving hard in developing novel functional materials to improve vehicle’s fuel efficiency. It is believed that more than a quarter of all combined greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) are associated with road transport vehicles. All these facts in association with heightened consumer awareness and energy security issues have led to automotive lightweighting as a major research theme across the globe. Almost all North American and European original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) related to automotive industry have chalked out ambitious weight reduction plans in response to stricter environmental regulations. This review entails main motives and current legislation which has prompted major OEMs to have drastic measures in bringing down vehicle weight to suggested limits. Also discussed are recent advances in developing advanced composites, and cellulose-enabled light weight automotive composites with special focus on research efforts of Center for Biocomposites and Biomaterials Processing (CBBP), University of Toronto, Canada.展开更多
Device level performance of aqueous halide supercapatteries fabricated with equal electrode mass of activated carbon or graphene nanoplatelets has been characterized.It was revealed that the surface oxygen groups in t...Device level performance of aqueous halide supercapatteries fabricated with equal electrode mass of activated carbon or graphene nanoplatelets has been characterized.It was revealed that the surface oxygen groups in the graphitic structures of the nanoplatelets contributed toward a more enhanced charge storage capacity in bromide containing redox electrolytes.Moreover,the rate performance of the devices could be linked to the effect of the pore size of the carbons on the dynamics of the inactive alkali metal counterion of the redox halide salt.Additionally,the charge storage performance of aqueous halide supercapatteries with graphene nanoplatelets as the electrode material may be attributed to the combined effect of the porous structure on the dynamics of the non-active cations and a possible interaction of the Br^(-)/(Br_(2)+Br^(-)_(3))redox triple with the surface oxygen groups within the graphitic layer of the nanoplatelets.Generally,it has been shown that the surface groups and microstructure of electrode materials must be critically correlated with the redox electrolytes in the ongoing efforts to commercialize these devices.展开更多
Biocomposites as bio-inspired materials are produced from renewable resources that are organic and ecofriendly alternative materials.To improve the lifestyle of human beings as well as enhancing the environmental indi...Biocomposites as bio-inspired materials are produced from renewable resources that are organic and ecofriendly alternative materials.To improve the lifestyle of human beings as well as enhancing the environmental indices,functional bio-materials are now implemented in various promising industries.This work has systematically discussed and highlighted the implementations and trends of functional bionic materials in high tech industries,which are necessary for developing modern societies.Various medical,electronic,food and pharmaceutical applications have been considered.Bio-inspired materials are used to develop more sustainable possibilities to increase environmental conservation while maintaining customer satisfaction.Biopolymers were found employed in several sectors for various functional bio-products including organic thin-film transistors,organic phototransistor,emitting diodes,photodiodes,photovoltaic solar cells,hybrid dental resins,sustainable pharmaceuticals,and food packaging.They are used to create sustainable bio-products for energy storage and harvesting,bone regeneration,nerve damage repair,drug applications and various other industrial subcategories.展开更多
Coronaviruses are responsible for a developing budgetary,human and fatality trouble,as the causative factor of infections,for example,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).It has been well recogn...Coronaviruses are responsible for a developing budgetary,human and fatality trouble,as the causative factor of infections,for example,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).It has been well recognized that SARS-CoV-2 may survive under severe atmosphere circumstances.Hence,efficient containment approaches,for example,sanitizing,are crucial.Commonly,living compounds contribute a substance of chemical heterogeneity,with antiviral movement,and therefore can have efficacy as therapeutic tools toward coronavirus diseases.Here,in this review article,we have described the antimicrobialbased materials,which can be used to inhibit the spreading of the COVID-19.We have categorized these materials in three sections;(i)antimicrobial wall paint,(ii)antimicrobial papers and(iii)antimicrobial materials surface coating to be utilized as the antimicrobial-based materials for controlling the COVID-19.In the last section,we have given the concluding remarks with prospects in this area.展开更多
The extraordinary strength of metal/graphene composites is significantly determined by the characteristic size,distribution and morphology of graphene.However,the effect of the graphene size/distribution on the mechan...The extraordinary strength of metal/graphene composites is significantly determined by the characteristic size,distribution and morphology of graphene.However,the effect of the graphene size/distribution on the mechanical properties and related strengthening mechanisms has not been fully elucidated.Herein,under the same volume fraction and distribution conditions of graphene,molecular dynamics simulations were used to investigate the effect of graphene sheet size on the hardness and deformation behavior of Cu/graphene composites under complex stress field.Two models of pure single crystalline Cu and graphene fully covered Cu matrix composite were constructed for comparison.The results show that the strengthening effect changes with varying the graphene sheet size.Besides the graphene dislocation blocking effect and the load-bearing effect,the deformation mechanisms change from stacking fault tetrahedron,dislocation bypassing and dislocation cutting to dislocation nucleation in turn with decreasing the graphene sheet size.The hardness of Cu/graphene composite,with the graphene sheet not completely covering the metal matrix,can even be higher than that of the fully covered composite.The extra strengthening mechanisms of dislocation bypassing mechanism and the stacking fault tetrahedra pinning dislocation mechanism contribute to the increase in hardness.展开更多
Compared with Cu/Al_(2)O_(3)composites,high-strength Cu/Al_(2)O_(3)composites usually exhibit obviously deteriorated electrical conductivity.A chemical and mechanical alloying-based strategy was adopted to fabricate u...Compared with Cu/Al_(2)O_(3)composites,high-strength Cu/Al_(2)O_(3)composites usually exhibit obviously deteriorated electrical conductivity.A chemical and mechanical alloying-based strategy was adopted to fabricate ultrafine composite powders with lowcontent reinforcement and constructed a combined structure of Cu ultrafine powders covered with in-situ Al_(2)O_(3)nanoparticles.After consolidation at a relatively lower sintering temperature of 550℃,high-volume-fraction ultrafine grains were introduced into the Cu/Al_(2)O_(3)composite,and many in-situ Al_(2)O_(3)nanoparticles with an average size of 11.7±7.5 nm were dispersed homogeneously in the Cu grain.Results show that the composite demonstrates an excellent balance of high tensile strength(654±1 MPa)and high electrical conductivity(84.5±0.1%IACS),which is ascribed to the synergistic strengthening effect of ultrafine grains,dislocations,and in-situ Al_(2)O_(3)nanoparticles.This approach,which utilizes ultrafine composite powder with low-content reinforcement as a precursor and employs low-temperature and high-pressure sintering subsequently,may hold promising potential for large-scale industrial production of high-performance oxide dispersion strengthened alloys.展开更多
Recent work analysing magnesium hydrogenation using Reflecting Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy(REELS)and Density Function Theory(DFT)has indicated interfacial polarisation and interstitial hydrogen clustering influe...Recent work analysing magnesium hydrogenation using Reflecting Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy(REELS)and Density Function Theory(DFT)has indicated interfacial polarisation and interstitial hydrogen clustering influence the reaction rate.The site availability model has been modified to include interstitial hydrogen clustering within the site availability factor and interface polarisation using interface treatment.The new model,SAM-CV-S,has demonstrated improved modelling of magnesium hydrogenation across wide operating conditions,such as temperatures from 330 to 400℃and pressures up to 40 bar.This wide applicability makes it a robust model that can be used to simulate bed performance in solid-state hydrogen stores.Thus,the site availability factor successfully combines interstitial hydrogen clustering with thermal resistance effects,which are known to strongly influence metal hydride reactor designs at scale.The next phase of the model is to incorporate a predictive hydrogen capacity method into the model.展开更多
Size reduction of the gas turbines(GT)by reducing the inlet S-shaped diffuser length increases the powerto-weight ratio.It improves the techno-economic features of the GT by lesser fuel consumption.However,this Length...Size reduction of the gas turbines(GT)by reducing the inlet S-shaped diffuser length increases the powerto-weight ratio.It improves the techno-economic features of the GT by lesser fuel consumption.However,this Length reduction of a bare S-shaped diffuser to an aggressive S-shaped diffuser would risk flow separation and performance reduction of the diffuser and the air intake of the GT.The objective of this research is to propose and assess fitted energy promoters(EPs)to enhance the S-shaped diffuser performance by controlling and modifying the flow in the high bending zone of the diffuser.After experimental assessment,the work has been extended to cover more cases by numerical investigations on bare,bare aggressive,and aggressive with energy promoters S-shaped diffusers.Three types of EPs,namely co-rotating low-profile,co-rotating streamline sheet,and trapezoidal submerged EPs were tested with various combinations over a range of Reynolds numbers from 40,000 to 75,000.The respective S-shaped diffusers were simulated by computational fluid dynamics(CFD)using ANSYS software adopting a steady,3D,standard k-εturbulence model to acquire the details of the flow structure,which cannot be visualized in the experiment.The diffuser performance has been evaluated by the performance indicators of static pressure recovery coefficient,total pressure loss coefficient,and distortion coefficient(DC(45°)).The enhancements in the static pressure recovery of the S-shaped aggressive diffuser with energy promoters are 19.5%,22.2%,and 24.5%with EPs at planes 3,4 and 5,respectively,compared to the aggressive bare diffuser.In addition,the installation of the EPs resulted in a DC(45°)reduction at the outlet plane of the diffuser of about 43%at Re=40,000.The enhancements in the performance parameters confirm that aggravating the internal flow eliminates the flow separation and enhances the GT intake efficiency.展开更多
Mimicking the hierarchical structure of the skin is one of the most important strategies in skin tissue engineering.Monolayer wound dressings are usually not able to provide several functions at the same time and cann...Mimicking the hierarchical structure of the skin is one of the most important strategies in skin tissue engineering.Monolayer wound dressings are usually not able to provide several functions at the same time and cannot meet all clinical needs.In order to maximize therapeutic efficiency,herein,we fabricated a Tri-layer wound dressing,where the middle layer was fabricated via 3D-printing and composed of alginate,tragacanth and zinc oxide nanoparticles(ZnO NPs).Both upper and bottom layers were constructed using electrospinning technique;the upper layer was made of hydrophobic polycaprolactone to mimic epidermis,while the bottom layer consisted of Soluplus■ and insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1)to promote cell behavior.Swelling,water vapor permeability and tensile properties of the dressings were evaluated and the Tri-layer dressing exhibited impressive antibacterial activity and cell stimulation following by the release of ZnO NPs and IGF-1.Additionally,the Tri-layer dressing led to faster healing of full-thicknesswound in ratmodel compared to monolayer and Bilayer dressings.Overall,the evidence confirmed that the Trilayer wound dressing is extremely effective for full-thickness wound healing.展开更多
文摘MXenes are emerging transition metal carbides and nitrides-based 2D conductive materials.They have found wide applications in sensors due to their excellent valuable properties.This paper reviews the recent research status of MXene-based electrochemical(bio)sensors for detecting biomarkers,pesticides,and other aspects.The first part of this paper introduced the synthesis strategy and the effect of surface modification on various prop-erties of MXenes.The second part of this paper discussed the application of MXenes as electrode modifiers for detecting pesticides,environmental pollutants,and biomarkers such as glucose,hydrogen peroxide,etc.Hope this review will inspire more efforts toward research on MXene-based sensors to meet the growing requirements.
文摘The high compacted density LiNi<sub>0.5-x</sub>Co<sub>0.2</sub>Mn<sub>0.3</sub>Mg<sub>x</sub>O<sub>2</sub> cathode material for lithium-ion batteries was synthesized by high temperature solid-state method, taking the Mg element as a doping element and the spherical Ni<sub>0.5</sub>Co<sub>0.2</sub>Mn<sub>0.3</sub> (OH)<sub>2</sub>, Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> as raw materials. The effects of calcination temperature on the structure and properties of the products were investigated. The structure and morphology of cathode materials powder were analyzed by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) and scanning electronmicroscopy (SEM). The electrochemical properties of the cathode materials were studied by charge-discharge test and cyclic properties test. The results show that LiNi<sub>0.4985</sub>Co<sub>0.2</sub>Mn<sub>0.3</sub> Mg<sub>0.0015</sub>O<sub>2</sub> cathode material prepared at calcination temperature 930°C has a good layered structure, and the compacted density of the electrode sheet is above 3.68 g/cm<sup>3</sup>. The discharge capacity retention rate is more than 97.5% after 100 cycles at a charge-discharge rate of 1C, displaying a good cyclic performance.
基金the support of the SPARC project(P3808)UKIERI-4 Strand 1 Institutional Research&Mobility Partnerships Grant(45580615 UKIERISPARC/01/18)under the Indo-UK schemeSKT extends heartfelt gratitude to Nitte University for providing the research grant(grant no.NUFR-23-070)。
文摘Magnesium alloys have emerged as promising light weight materials due to their low density,high specific strength,excellent machinability,and superior damping capacity,making them ideal for aerospace,automotive,and electronics applications.However,broader use of magnesium alloys is limited by poor thermo-mechanical performance,corrosion susceptibility,and low formability at room temperature.The addition of rare-earth elements such as gadolinium,yttrium,and neodymium has meaningfully improved these limitations,enhancing the overall performance of magnesium alloys.This review highlights recent advancements in rare-earth magnesium alloys,focusing on their improved thermo-mechanical properties,microstructural evolution,crystallization behavior,and texture development.Herein,strengthening mechanisms associated with rare-earth additions are discussed in detail.Furthermore,the article explores growing relevance of these alloys in advanced applications,including biomedical implants,Io T devices,aerospace structures,defense systems,and general engineering.With their enhanced mechanical and functional properties,rare-earth magnesium alloys represent a new generation of high-performance,functional materials poised to drive innovation across multiple technology sectors.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2004CB719500)the Commission of Science and Technology of Shanghai Municipality (03DJ14006)
文摘Using cetyl-trimethyl-ammonium bromide （CTMAB） as the template agent and tetraethylorthosilicate （TEOS） as the silica source, the MCM-41 mesoporous materials were synthesized with La or Ce incorporated in the framework under hydrothermal conditions. The structure and the state of La or Ce were investigated through the analyses of XRD, nitrogen adsorption-desorption, FT-IR, and UV-Vis. XRD and N2 adsorption-desorption results showed that Ln-MCM-41 exhibited the loss of the lattice ordering of the MCM-41 construct, and larger unit cell parameter and pore diameter than pure silica MCM-41. The FT-IR and UV-Vis results indicated the presence of isolated tetra-coordinated La or Ce ions in the framework and other Ln species dispersed highly on the Ln-MCM-41 surface simultaneously. Furthermore, their catalytic behaviors in the oxidation of styrene were studied using H2O2 as the oxidant. The La-MCM-41 catalysts exhibited high reactivity and the reactivity increased with the increase of the La content in the La-MCM-41 samples. On the contrary, Ce-MCM-41 catalysts showed low reactivity in the oxidation of styrene and the conversion of styrene decreased with the increase of the Ce content in the Ce-MCM-41 samples.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,Grant/Award Number:ZR2019MB019National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:22075122,52071295Research Foundation for Talented Scholars of Linyi University,Grant/Award Number:Z6122010。
文摘The shortage of fresh water in the world has brought upon a serious crisis to human health and economic development.Solar‐driven interfacial photothermal conversion water evaporation including evaporating seawater,lake water,or river water has been recognized as an environmentally friendly process for obtaining clean water in a low‐cost way.However,water transport is restricted by itself by solar energy absorption capacity's limits,especially for finite evaporation rates and insufficient working life.Therefore,it is important to seek photothermal conversion materials that can efficiently absorb solar energy and reasonably design solar‐driven interfacial photothermal conversion water evaporation devices.This paper reviews the research progress of carbon‐based photothermal conversion materials and the mechanism for solar‐driven interfacial photothermal conversion water evaporation,as well as the summary of the design and development of the devices.Based on the research progress and achievements of photothermal conversion materials and devices in the fields of seawater desalination and photothermal electric energy generation in recent years,the challenges and opportunities faced by carbon‐based photothermal conversion materials and devices are discussed.The prospect of the practical application of solar‐driven interfacial photothermal conversion evaporation technology is foreseen,and theoretical guidance is provided for the further development of this technology.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2010CB732300)Education Commission of Shanghai Municipality (2008CG35)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (09ZR1408200)
文摘La-doped and La-B-doped KIT-6 mesoporous materials were prepared by direct hydrothermal synthesis with pH-adjusting method and characterized by X-ray diffractometer(XRD),nitrogen sorption,FT-IR,UV-Vis,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and ICP-AES.The catalytic performance for the oxidation of styrene by hydrogen peroxide,tert-butyl hydroperoxide or oxygen was investigated.The results showed that the introduction of heteroatoms did not destroy the mesostructure of KIT-6 with cubic Ia3d space group.La or ...
文摘This paper gave a brief discussion on the characteristics of Mg alloys and gave a brief review in the Mg alloys researches, with emphasis on the research progress and fabrication technology. Several vital directions for the future development were pointed out.
文摘The 2024/3003 aluminum gradient alloys are prepared by semi continuous casting. The influences of throttle bore diameter of embedded nozzle and temperature of internal melt on composition distribution, macrostructure, hardness are analyzed, and the stability of gradient distribution of composition, macrostructure and hardness along the axial direction of the ingot is also studied. The results show that diffe rent composition profiles can be achieved by adjusting the processing parameters; the volume fraction of inner alloy in the ingot can be increased by enlarging the throttle bore diameter and elevating the temperature of inner melt; quasi steady solidification can be realized within 20 s during cast processing, and consistent quality ingot is obtained by controlling the casting speed and liquid height of inner melt.
文摘Magnesium(Mg)-based materials are a new generation of alloys with the exclusive ability to be biodegradable within the human/animal body.In addition to biodegradability,their inherent biocompatibility and similar-to-bone density make Mg-based alloys good candidates for fabricating surgical bioimplants for use in orthopedic and traumatology treatments.To this end,nowadays additive manufacturing(AM)along with three-dimensional(3D)printing represents a promising manufacturing technique as it allows for the integration of bioimplant design and manufacturing processes specific to given applications.Meanwhile,this technique also faces many new challenges associated with the properties of Mg-based alloys,including high chemical reactivity,potential for combustion,and low vaporization temperature.In this review article,various AM processes to fabricate biomedical implants from Mg-based alloys,along with their metallic microstructure,mechanical properties,biodegradability,biocompatibility,and antibacterial properties,as well as various post-AM treatments were critically reviewed.Also,the challenges and issues involved in AM processes from the perspectives of bioimplant design,properties,and applications were identified;the possibilities and potential scope of the Mg-based scaffolds/implants are discussed and highlighted.
基金partly supported by the JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(No.JP16H06439,No.20H00297)by the Dynamic Alliance for Open Innovation Bridging Human,Environment and Materials in Network Joint Research Center for Materialsfinancial grants provided by Indonesia Ministry of Education,Culture,Research,and Technology,under the scheme of Basic Research Program No.2/E1/KP.PTNBH/2021 managed by Institut Teknologi Bandung。
文摘Molybdenum-based materials have been intensively investigated for high-performance gas sensor applications.Particularly,molybdenum oxides and dichalcogenides nanostructures have been widely examined due to their tunable structural and physicochemical properties that meet sensor requirements.These materials have good durability,are naturally abundant,low cost,and have facile preparation,allowing scalable fabrication to fulfill the growing demand of susceptible sensor devices.Significant advances have been made in recent decades to design and fabricate various molybdenum oxides-and dichalcogenides-based sensing materials,though it is still challenging to achieve high performances.Therefore,many experimental and theoretical investigations have been devoted to exploring suitable approaches which can significantly enhance their gas sensing properties.This review comprehensively examines recent advanced strategies to improve the nanostructured molybdenum-based material performance for detecting harmful pollutants,dangerous gases,or even exhaled breath monitoring.The summary and future challenges to advance their gas sensing performances will also be presented.
文摘Owing to unprecedented climate change issues in recent times, global automotive industry is striving hard in developing novel functional materials to improve vehicle’s fuel efficiency. It is believed that more than a quarter of all combined greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) are associated with road transport vehicles. All these facts in association with heightened consumer awareness and energy security issues have led to automotive lightweighting as a major research theme across the globe. Almost all North American and European original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) related to automotive industry have chalked out ambitious weight reduction plans in response to stricter environmental regulations. This review entails main motives and current legislation which has prompted major OEMs to have drastic measures in bringing down vehicle weight to suggested limits. Also discussed are recent advances in developing advanced composites, and cellulose-enabled light weight automotive composites with special focus on research efforts of Center for Biocomposites and Biomaterials Processing (CBBP), University of Toronto, Canada.
基金funding from the International Doctoral Innovation CentreNingbo Education Bureau+2 种基金Ningbo Science and Technology Bureauthe University of NottinghamNingbo Municipal Government(3315 Plan and 2014A35001-1)
文摘Device level performance of aqueous halide supercapatteries fabricated with equal electrode mass of activated carbon or graphene nanoplatelets has been characterized.It was revealed that the surface oxygen groups in the graphitic structures of the nanoplatelets contributed toward a more enhanced charge storage capacity in bromide containing redox electrolytes.Moreover,the rate performance of the devices could be linked to the effect of the pore size of the carbons on the dynamics of the inactive alkali metal counterion of the redox halide salt.Additionally,the charge storage performance of aqueous halide supercapatteries with graphene nanoplatelets as the electrode material may be attributed to the combined effect of the porous structure on the dynamics of the non-active cations and a possible interaction of the Br^(-)/(Br_(2)+Br^(-)_(3))redox triple with the surface oxygen groups within the graphitic layer of the nanoplatelets.Generally,it has been shown that the surface groups and microstructure of electrode materials must be critically correlated with the redox electrolytes in the ongoing efforts to commercialize these devices.
文摘Biocomposites as bio-inspired materials are produced from renewable resources that are organic and ecofriendly alternative materials.To improve the lifestyle of human beings as well as enhancing the environmental indices,functional bio-materials are now implemented in various promising industries.This work has systematically discussed and highlighted the implementations and trends of functional bionic materials in high tech industries,which are necessary for developing modern societies.Various medical,electronic,food and pharmaceutical applications have been considered.Bio-inspired materials are used to develop more sustainable possibilities to increase environmental conservation while maintaining customer satisfaction.Biopolymers were found employed in several sectors for various functional bio-products including organic thin-film transistors,organic phototransistor,emitting diodes,photodiodes,photovoltaic solar cells,hybrid dental resins,sustainable pharmaceuticals,and food packaging.They are used to create sustainable bio-products for energy storage and harvesting,bone regeneration,nerve damage repair,drug applications and various other industrial subcategories.
基金This investigation work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21962008,51464028)Candidate Talents Training Fund of Yunnan Province(2017PY269SQ,2018HB007)Yunnan Ten Thousand Talents Plan Young&Elite Talents Project(YNWR-QNBJ-2018-346).
文摘Coronaviruses are responsible for a developing budgetary,human and fatality trouble,as the causative factor of infections,for example,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).It has been well recognized that SARS-CoV-2 may survive under severe atmosphere circumstances.Hence,efficient containment approaches,for example,sanitizing,are crucial.Commonly,living compounds contribute a substance of chemical heterogeneity,with antiviral movement,and therefore can have efficacy as therapeutic tools toward coronavirus diseases.Here,in this review article,we have described the antimicrobialbased materials,which can be used to inhibit the spreading of the COVID-19.We have categorized these materials in three sections;(i)antimicrobial wall paint,(ii)antimicrobial papers and(iii)antimicrobial materials surface coating to be utilized as the antimicrobial-based materials for controlling the COVID-19.In the last section,we have given the concluding remarks with prospects in this area.
基金Foundation of Northwest Institute for Nonferrous Metal Research(ZZXJ2203)Capital Projects of Financial Department of Shaanxi Province(YK22C-12)+3 种基金Innovation Capability Support Plan in Shaanxi Province(2023KJXX-083)Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province(2024GXYBXM-351,2024GX-YBXM-356)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62204207,12204383)Xi'an Postdoctoral Innovation Base Funding Program。
文摘The extraordinary strength of metal/graphene composites is significantly determined by the characteristic size,distribution and morphology of graphene.However,the effect of the graphene size/distribution on the mechanical properties and related strengthening mechanisms has not been fully elucidated.Herein,under the same volume fraction and distribution conditions of graphene,molecular dynamics simulations were used to investigate the effect of graphene sheet size on the hardness and deformation behavior of Cu/graphene composites under complex stress field.Two models of pure single crystalline Cu and graphene fully covered Cu matrix composite were constructed for comparison.The results show that the strengthening effect changes with varying the graphene sheet size.Besides the graphene dislocation blocking effect and the load-bearing effect,the deformation mechanisms change from stacking fault tetrahedron,dislocation bypassing and dislocation cutting to dislocation nucleation in turn with decreasing the graphene sheet size.The hardness of Cu/graphene composite,with the graphene sheet not completely covering the metal matrix,can even be higher than that of the fully covered composite.The extra strengthening mechanisms of dislocation bypassing mechanism and the stacking fault tetrahedra pinning dislocation mechanism contribute to the increase in hardness.
基金Foundation of Northwest Institute for Non-ferrous Metal Research(YK2020-9,ZZXJ2203)Capital Projects of Financial Department of Shaanxi Province(YK22C-12)+4 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(62204207)Innovation Capability Support Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(2022KJXX-82,2023KJXX-083)Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(2022JQ-332)Shaanxi Innovative Research Team for Key Science and Technology(2023-CX-TD-46)Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province(2024GX-YBXM-351)。
文摘Compared with Cu/Al_(2)O_(3)composites,high-strength Cu/Al_(2)O_(3)composites usually exhibit obviously deteriorated electrical conductivity.A chemical and mechanical alloying-based strategy was adopted to fabricate ultrafine composite powders with lowcontent reinforcement and constructed a combined structure of Cu ultrafine powders covered with in-situ Al_(2)O_(3)nanoparticles.After consolidation at a relatively lower sintering temperature of 550℃,high-volume-fraction ultrafine grains were introduced into the Cu/Al_(2)O_(3)composite,and many in-situ Al_(2)O_(3)nanoparticles with an average size of 11.7±7.5 nm were dispersed homogeneously in the Cu grain.Results show that the composite demonstrates an excellent balance of high tensile strength(654±1 MPa)and high electrical conductivity(84.5±0.1%IACS),which is ascribed to the synergistic strengthening effect of ultrafine grains,dislocations,and in-situ Al_(2)O_(3)nanoparticles.This approach,which utilizes ultrafine composite powder with low-content reinforcement as a precursor and employs low-temperature and high-pressure sintering subsequently,may hold promising potential for large-scale industrial production of high-performance oxide dispersion strengthened alloys.
基金funded through Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(EPSRC)[grant numbers EP/W005131/1,EP/V042556/1].
文摘Recent work analysing magnesium hydrogenation using Reflecting Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy(REELS)and Density Function Theory(DFT)has indicated interfacial polarisation and interstitial hydrogen clustering influence the reaction rate.The site availability model has been modified to include interstitial hydrogen clustering within the site availability factor and interface polarisation using interface treatment.The new model,SAM-CV-S,has demonstrated improved modelling of magnesium hydrogenation across wide operating conditions,such as temperatures from 330 to 400℃and pressures up to 40 bar.This wide applicability makes it a robust model that can be used to simulate bed performance in solid-state hydrogen stores.Thus,the site availability factor successfully combines interstitial hydrogen clustering with thermal resistance effects,which are known to strongly influence metal hydride reactor designs at scale.The next phase of the model is to incorporate a predictive hydrogen capacity method into the model.
文摘Size reduction of the gas turbines(GT)by reducing the inlet S-shaped diffuser length increases the powerto-weight ratio.It improves the techno-economic features of the GT by lesser fuel consumption.However,this Length reduction of a bare S-shaped diffuser to an aggressive S-shaped diffuser would risk flow separation and performance reduction of the diffuser and the air intake of the GT.The objective of this research is to propose and assess fitted energy promoters(EPs)to enhance the S-shaped diffuser performance by controlling and modifying the flow in the high bending zone of the diffuser.After experimental assessment,the work has been extended to cover more cases by numerical investigations on bare,bare aggressive,and aggressive with energy promoters S-shaped diffusers.Three types of EPs,namely co-rotating low-profile,co-rotating streamline sheet,and trapezoidal submerged EPs were tested with various combinations over a range of Reynolds numbers from 40,000 to 75,000.The respective S-shaped diffusers were simulated by computational fluid dynamics(CFD)using ANSYS software adopting a steady,3D,standard k-εturbulence model to acquire the details of the flow structure,which cannot be visualized in the experiment.The diffuser performance has been evaluated by the performance indicators of static pressure recovery coefficient,total pressure loss coefficient,and distortion coefficient(DC(45°)).The enhancements in the static pressure recovery of the S-shaped aggressive diffuser with energy promoters are 19.5%,22.2%,and 24.5%with EPs at planes 3,4 and 5,respectively,compared to the aggressive bare diffuser.In addition,the installation of the EPs resulted in a DC(45°)reduction at the outlet plane of the diffuser of about 43%at Re=40,000.The enhancements in the performance parameters confirm that aggravating the internal flow eliminates the flow separation and enhances the GT intake efficiency.
基金support of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences(Project code No.#1401262).
文摘Mimicking the hierarchical structure of the skin is one of the most important strategies in skin tissue engineering.Monolayer wound dressings are usually not able to provide several functions at the same time and cannot meet all clinical needs.In order to maximize therapeutic efficiency,herein,we fabricated a Tri-layer wound dressing,where the middle layer was fabricated via 3D-printing and composed of alginate,tragacanth and zinc oxide nanoparticles(ZnO NPs).Both upper and bottom layers were constructed using electrospinning technique;the upper layer was made of hydrophobic polycaprolactone to mimic epidermis,while the bottom layer consisted of Soluplus■ and insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1)to promote cell behavior.Swelling,water vapor permeability and tensile properties of the dressings were evaluated and the Tri-layer dressing exhibited impressive antibacterial activity and cell stimulation following by the release of ZnO NPs and IGF-1.Additionally,the Tri-layer dressing led to faster healing of full-thicknesswound in ratmodel compared to monolayer and Bilayer dressings.Overall,the evidence confirmed that the Trilayer wound dressing is extremely effective for full-thickness wound healing.
