Background:Stroke is the second leading cause of death and third leading cause of disability worldwide and is the leading cause of death and disability among adults in China,with its incidence rate continuing to rise....Background:Stroke is the second leading cause of death and third leading cause of disability worldwide and is the leading cause of death and disability among adults in China,with its incidence rate continuing to rise.In China,the average age of firsttime stroke patients is 66.4 years,and the intravenous thrombolysis rate using recombinant tissue plasminogen activator within 3 h of onset is only 16%.Given this fact,there is a pressing need for real‐time predictive tools,particularly for elderly individuals at home,that can provide early warnings for potential strokes.Methods:We collected continuous monitoring data from nonintrusive smart beds and multimodal temporal data from electronic medical records at the National Center for Neurological Disorders.The data included smart bed monitoring indicators,laboratory tests,nurse observations,and static data as potential predictors,with stroke as the outcome.We applied feature representation and feature selection techniques and then input the predictors into machine learning models.Additionally,deep learning models were used after preprocessing the irregular temporal data.Finally,we evaluated the performance of the stroke prediction models and assessed the importance of the features.We used continuously updated vital signs and clinical data during hospitalization to generate timely stroke risk alerts during the same period of admission.Results:A total of 37,041 samples were analyzed,of which 7020 patients were diagnosed with stroke.When only the smart bed features were used for prediction,the model achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUROC)of 0.59−0.63,with an accuracy ranging from 60%−65%.Among the four artificial intelligence algorithms,the random forest model demonstrated the best performance.After all the available features were incorporated,the AUROC increased to 0.94,and the accuracy improved to 92%.Conclusions:In this study,the occurrence of stroke was successfully identified by integrating multimodal temporal data from electronic medical records.Noncontact monitoring of respiration and heart rate offers a promising approach for daily stroke surveillance in home‐based populations,particularly for elderly individuals living alone.展开更多
Achieving high energy and power densities is currently a core challenge in the fabrication of energy storage materials.Although numerous high-capacity materials have been developed,conventional planar electrodes canno...Achieving high energy and power densities is currently a core challenge in the fabrication of energy storage materials.Although numerous high-capacity materials have been developed,conventional planar electrodes cannot achieve high active material loading and efficient ion/electron transport simultaneously.By contrast,three-dimensional(3D)structures have attracted increasing interest because of their capacity to enhance active material utilization,shorten ion and electron transport pathways,reduce interfacial impedance,and provide spatial accommodation for volume expansion.Additive manufacturing(AM)technology effectively fabricates energy-storage materials with 3D structures by accurately constructing complex 3D structures via layer-by-layer deposition.Recent studies have employed AM to construct ordered 3D electrodes that can optimize ion/electron transport,regulate electric field distribution,or improve the electrode-electrolyte interface,thereby contributing to enhanced kinetic performance and cycling stability.This review systematically summarizes the applications of several AM technologies in the fabrication of energy storage materials and analyzes their respective advantages and limitations.Subsequently,the advantages of AM technology in the fabrication of energy storage materials and several major optimization strategies are comprehensively discussed.Finally,the major challenges and potential applications of AM technology in energy storage material optimization are discussed.展开更多
In comparison with their 2D and 3D counterparts,1D covalent organic frameworks(COFs)have rarely been investigated due to the synthetic challenge arising from the strict necessary matching in the molecular symmetry bet...In comparison with their 2D and 3D counterparts,1D covalent organic frameworks(COFs)have rarely been investigated due to the synthetic challenge arising from the strict necessary matching in the molecular symmetry between corresponding building blocks and linking units in addition to the unmanageable packing of 1D organic chains once formed.Herein,two novel imide-linked 1D COFs with phthalocyanine building blocks,namely NiPc-CZDM-COF and NiPc-CZDL-COF,were fabricated from the hydrothermal synthesis reaction of 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octacarboxyphthalocyaninato nickel(II)(NiPc(COOH)_(8))with 9H-carbazole-3,6-diamine(CZDM)and 4,4′-(9H-carbazole-3,6-diyl)dianiline(CZDL),respectively.Two COFs have high crystallinity on the basis of powder X-ray diffraction analysis and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy.Due to their high ratio of exposed active centers on the edge sites of porous ribbons,both NiPc-CZDM-COF and NiPc-CZDL-COF electrodes display high utilization efficiency of NiPc electroactive sites of 8.0%and 7.5% according to the electrochemical measurement,resulting in their excellent capacity toward electrocatalytic nitrate reduction with the nitrate-to-NH3 Faradaic efficiency of nearly 100%.In particular,NiPc-CZDM-COF electrode exhibits superior electrocatalytic performance with high NH3 partial current density of−246 mA/cm^(2),ammonia yield rate of 19.5 mg cm^(−2) h^(−1),and turnover frequency of 5.8 s^(−1) at−1.2 V in an H-type cell associated with its higher conductivity.This work reveals the good potential of 1D porous crystalline materials in electrocatalysis.展开更多
Regulatory T cells are crucial immunomodulatory cells that play essential roles in both ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage.These cells are vital in post-stroke inflammation since they suppress immune respons...Regulatory T cells are crucial immunomodulatory cells that play essential roles in both ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage.These cells are vital in post-stroke inflammation since they suppress immune responses and promote tissue repair.This review thoroughly examines the dynamic changes in the number and function of regulatory T cells and highlights their distinct roles at various stages of stroke progression.In the acute phase(within 5-7 days),regulatory T cells exert neuroprotective effects primarily by reducing inflammation.In the chronic phase(7 days post-onset),these cells support neuroregeneration and functional recovery.The review also explores the emerging role of regulatory T cells in the brain-gut axis,a key mediator of the systemic immune responses following stroke,and discusses its relevance in modulating post-stroke inflammation and repair.Various strategies aimed at enhancing regulatory T cell responses include adoptive transfer of regulatory T cells,administration of pharmacological agents,and induction of mucosal tolerance.All these approaches can potentially enhance the immunomodulatory and repair functions of regulatory T cells.Nevertheless,despite the promising preclinical results,the translation of regulatory T cell-based therapies into clinical practice is associated with challenges related to optimal timing,dosage,and long-term efficacy.Overall,targeting regulatory T cells is a novel and promising immunoregulatory approach for mitigating stroke-induced injury and promoting neural repair.展开更多
Vascular cognitive impairment and dementia is a debilitating neurological disorder caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion,for which no effective causative treatments are currently available.Intermittent hypoxia has ...Vascular cognitive impairment and dementia is a debilitating neurological disorder caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion,for which no effective causative treatments are currently available.Intermittent hypoxia has been shown to enhance cerebral blood flow in mice,but its efficacy in a model of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia remains unclear.In this study,we established a mouse model of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia by bilateral carotid artery stenosis.Intermittent hypoxia was induced before and after this stenosis.We found that intermittent hypoxia increased cerebral blood flow,oxygen saturation,and microcirculation in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in the model mice,without causing neurovascular damage.Additionally,intermittent hypoxia significantly improved cognitive function in the mouse model of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia,with perconditioning showing greater efficacy than preconditioning.Improvements in cerebral microcirculation and blood flow were positively correlated with cognitive recovery.Even in a mouse model of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia with comorbidities induced by a high-fat,high-fructose diet,intermittent hypoxic perconditioning demonstrated protective effects on cognitive function.Proteomic analysis indicated that mitochondrial protection is a key mechanism,particularly through upregulating NDUFB8 expression and increasing the activity of mitochondrial complex I.These findings suggest that intermittent hypoxia is a potential non-invasive strategy for the prevention and treatment of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia.展开更多
The influence of different solution and aging conditions on the microstructure,impact toughness,and crack initiation and propagation mechanisms of the novel α+β titanium alloy Ti6422 was systematically investigated....The influence of different solution and aging conditions on the microstructure,impact toughness,and crack initiation and propagation mechanisms of the novel α+β titanium alloy Ti6422 was systematically investigated.By adjusting the furnace cooling time after solution treatment and the aging temperature,Ti6422 alloy samples were developed with a multi-level lamellar microstructure,in-cluding microscaleαcolonies and α_(p) lamellae,as well as nanoscale α_(s) phases.Extending the furnace cooling time after solution treatment at 920℃ for 1 h from 240 to 540 min,followed by aging at 600℃ for 6 h,increased the α_(p) lamella content,reduced the α_(s) phase content,expanded theαcolonies and α_(p) lamellae size,and improved the impact toughness from 22.7 to 53.8 J/cm^(2).Additionally,under the same solution treatment,raising the aging temperature from 500 to 700℃ resulted in a decrease in the α_(s) phase content and a growth in the thickness of the α_(p) lamella and α_(s) phase.The impact toughness increased significantly with these changes.Samples with high α_(p) lamellae content or large α_(s) phase size exhibited high crack initiation and propagation energies.Impact deformation caused severe kinking of the α_(p) lamellae in crack initiation and propagation areas,leading to a uniform and high-density kernel average misorientation(KAM)distribu-tion,enhancing plastic deformation coordination and uniformity.Moreover,the multidirectional arrangement of coarserαcolonies and α_(p) lamellae continuously deflect the crack propagation direction,inhibiting crack propagation.展开更多
Titanium plates with a Ti−O solid solution surface-hardened layer were cold roll-bonded with 304 stainless steel plates with high work hardening rates.The evolution and mechanisms affecting the interfacial bonding str...Titanium plates with a Ti−O solid solution surface-hardened layer were cold roll-bonded with 304 stainless steel plates with high work hardening rates.The evolution and mechanisms affecting the interfacial bonding strength in titanium/stainless steel laminated composites were investigated.Results indicate that the hardened layer reduces the interfacial bonding strength from over 261 MPa to less than 204 MPa.During the cold roll-bonding process,the hardened layer fractures,leading to the formation of multi-scale cracks that are difficult for the stainless steel to fill.This not only hinders the development of an interlocking interface but also leads to the presence of numerous microcracks and hardened blocks along the nearly straight interface,consequently weakening the interfacial bonding strength.In metals with high work hardening rates,the conventional approach of enhancing interface interlocking and improving interfacial bonding strength by using a surface-hardened layer becomes less effective.展开更多
Neuromorphic devices have garnered significant attention as potential building blocks for energy-efficient hardware systems owing to their capacity to emulate the computational efficiency of the brain.In this regard,r...Neuromorphic devices have garnered significant attention as potential building blocks for energy-efficient hardware systems owing to their capacity to emulate the computational efficiency of the brain.In this regard,reservoir computing(RC)framework,which leverages straightforward training methods and efficient temporal signal processing,has emerged as a promising scheme.While various physical reservoir devices,including ferroelectric,optoelectronic,and memristor-based systems,have been demonstrated,many still face challenges related to compatibility with mainstream complementary metal oxide semiconductor(CMOS)integration processes.This study introduced a silicon-based schottky barrier metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor(SB-MOSFET),which was fabricated under low thermal budget and compatible with back-end-of-line(BEOL).The device demonstrated short-term memory characteristics,facilitated by the modulation of schottky barriers and charge trapping.Utilizing these characteristics,a RC system for temporal data processing was constructed,and its performance was validated in a 5×4 digital classification task,achieving an accuracy exceeding 98%after 50 training epochs.Furthermore,the system successfully processed temporal signal in waveform classification and prediction tasks using time-division multiplexing.Overall,the SB-MOSFET's high compatibility with CMOS technology provides substantial advantages for large-scale integration,enabling the development of energy-efficient reservoir computing hardware.展开更多
Electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction is a crucial method for addressing energy issues and achieving carbon neutrality.Doping of Cu catalysts represents an effective approach to regulate electrocatalytic carbon di...Electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction is a crucial method for addressing energy issues and achieving carbon neutrality.Doping of Cu catalysts represents an effective approach to regulate electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction.This review article summarizes the research progress on improving the performance of Cu-based material electrocatalysts through doping regulation.The background,fundamental research,evaluation parameters,and methods for catalyst design,along with their influencing factors,are introduced.Emphasis is placed on the impact of doping with different elements(such as noble metals,transition metals,main-group metals,non-metals,etc.)on the performance of Cu-based catalysts,including the mechanisms for enhancing activity,selectivity,and stability.In-situ characterization techniques have revealed the structural evolution and catalytic mechanisms during the doping process.Mechanistic studies,leveraging the ever-advancing computational capabilities and high-throughput methods,have given rise to typical computational descriptors like volcano plots,free-energy diagrams,and machine-learning-based approaches.These descriptors have become key tools for screening high-efficiency catalysts in various application scenarios of the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR).This article comprehensively summarizes the current research achievements and looks ahead to the future,indicating that strengthening the combination of theory and experiment and exploring industrial applications are the future research directions,aiming to provide a comprehensive reference for the development of highly efficient doped Cu-based electrocatalysts.展开更多
Low-cost and high-safety aqueous Zn-I_(2) batteries attract extensive attention for large-scale energy storage systems.However,polyiodide shuttling and sluggish iodine conversion reactions lead to inferior rate capabi...Low-cost and high-safety aqueous Zn-I_(2) batteries attract extensive attention for large-scale energy storage systems.However,polyiodide shuttling and sluggish iodine conversion reactions lead to inferior rate capability and severe capacity decay.Herein,a three-dimensional polyaniline is wrapped by carboxylcarbon nanotubes(denoted as C-PANI)which is designed as a catalytic cathode to effectively boost iodine conversion with suppressed polyiodide shuttling,thereby improving Zn-I_(2) batteries.Specifically,carboxyl-carbon nanotubes serve as a proton reservoir for more protonated-NH+=sites in PANI chains,achieving a direct I0/I−reaction for suppressed polyiodide generation and Zn corrosion.Attributing to this“proton-iodine”regulation,catalytic protonated C-PANI strongly fixes electrolytic iodine species and stores proton ions simultaneously through reversible-N=/-NH^(+)-reaction.Therefore,the electrolytic Zn-I_(2) battery with C-PANI cathode exhibits an impressive capacity of 420 mAh g^(−1) and ultra-long lifespan over 40,000 cycles.Additionally,a 60 mAh pouch cell was assembled with excellent cycling stability after 100 cycles,providing new insights into exploring effective organocatalysts for superb Zn-halogen batteries.展开更多
The viscosity of refining slags plays a critical role in metallurgical processes.However,obtaining accurate viscosity data remains challenging due to the complexities of high-temperature experiments,often relying on e...The viscosity of refining slags plays a critical role in metallurgical processes.However,obtaining accurate viscosity data remains challenging due to the complexities of high-temperature experiments,often relying on empirical models with limited predictive capabilities.This study focuses on the influence of optical basicity on viscosity in CaO-Al_(2)O_(3)-based refining slags,leveraging machine learning to address data scarcity and improve prediction accuracy.An automated framework for algorithm integration,parameter tuning,and evaluation ranking framework(Auto-APE)is employed to develop customized data-driven models for various slag systems,including CaO-Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2),CaO-Al_(2)O_(3)-CaF_(2),CaO-Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)-MgO,and CaO-Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)-MgO-CaF_(2).By incorporating optical basicity as a key feature,the models achieve an average validation error of 8.0%to 15.1%,significantly outperforming traditional empirical models.Additionally,symbolic regression is introduced to rapidly construct domain-specific features,such as optical basicity-like descriptors,offering a potential breakthrough in performance prediction for small datasets.This work highlights the critical role of domain-specific knowledge in understanding and predicting viscosity,providing a robust machine learning-based approach for optimizing refining slag properties.展开更多
Machine learning-assisted methods for rapid and accurate prediction of temperature field,mushy zone,and grain size were proposed for the heating−cooling combined mold(HCCM)horizontal continuous casting of C70250 alloy...Machine learning-assisted methods for rapid and accurate prediction of temperature field,mushy zone,and grain size were proposed for the heating−cooling combined mold(HCCM)horizontal continuous casting of C70250 alloy plates.First,finite element simulations of casting processes were carried out with various parameters to build a dataset.Subsequently,different machine learning algorithms were employed to achieve high precision in predicting temperature fields,mushy zone locations,mushy zone inclination angle,and billet grain size.Finally,the process parameters were quickly optimized using a strategy consisting of random generation,prediction,and screening,allowing the mushy zone to be controlled to the desired target.The optimized parameters are 1234℃for heating mold temperature,47 mm/min for casting speed,and 10 L/min for cooling water flow rate.The optimized mushy zone is located in the middle of the second heat insulation section and has an inclination angle of roughly 7°.展开更多
Cryogenic rolling impacts on microstructure and mechanical properties of spray-formed 7055(SF-7055)Al alloy were investigated.Results show that with the increase of the reduction from 20%to 80%,the grain of cryogenic ...Cryogenic rolling impacts on microstructure and mechanical properties of spray-formed 7055(SF-7055)Al alloy were investigated.Results show that with the increase of the reduction from 20%to 80%,the grain of cryogenic rolled SF-7055 Al alloy is elongated to form a fiber texture.Numerous proliferating dislocations in the microstructure accumulate into dislocation walls and cells,and eventually form subgrains.These subgrain boundaries divide the original grain,thereby reducing the grain size.Under severe deformation conditions,they even enable the formation of nanograins.Meanwhile,the Cu-rich precipitates in the matrix are also broken and refined under the action of large rolling stress.In the process of cryogenic rolling,the tensile strength and hardness of SF-7055 Al alloy gradually increase,while the plasticity decreases.Moreover,the fracture morphology of cryogenic rolled SF-7055 Al alloy gradually transforms to the ductile and quasi-cleavage hybrid fracture characteristics with increased reduction.展开更多
The urgent demand for sustainable and efficient energy storage has spurred interest in magnesiumlithium hybrid-ion batteries(MLHB),which combine the safety and cost-effectiveness of magnesium(Mg)anodes with the superi...The urgent demand for sustainable and efficient energy storage has spurred interest in magnesiumlithium hybrid-ion batteries(MLHB),which combine the safety and cost-effectiveness of magnesium(Mg)anodes with the superior ion transport properties of lithium.However,the development of MLHB is hindered by the limitations of conventional cathode materials,including structural instability and high intercalation energy barriers.Here,we present a novel cathode architecture based on vanadium diselenide(VSe_(2)),synthesized via atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition(APCVD).This approach enables the direct growth of VSe_(2) nanoarchitectures on carbon nanotube film(CNTf)current collectors,ensuring excellent electron transport and mechanical robustness.Meanwhile,a conformal poly(3,4-ethy lenedioxythiophene)(PEDOT)coating is strategically engineered onto the VSe_(2) cathode surface through molecularly precise interfacial manipulation,which significantly enhances the mechanical toughness of the cathode,thereby alleviating stress concentration and preventing mechanical degradation.These are systematically validated by finite element modeling and advanced microscopy.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations and experiments reveal that pre-lithiation significantly improves electronic conductivity and facilitates Mg^(2+)insertion.The resulting VSe_(2)-based cathode exhibits outstanding electrochemical performance,achieving a specific capacity of 129 mAh g^(-1) at 2000 mA g^(-1) and maintaining 107.3 mAh g^(-1)over 3000 cycles at 1000 mA g^(-1),demonstrating remarkable cycling stability.This work establishes a scalable strategy for MLHB cathodes,advancing the frontier of multivalent-ion battery technology.展开更多
High‐entropy amorphous catalysts(HEACs)integrate multielement synergy with structural disorder,making them promising candidates for water splitting.Their distinctive features—including flexible coordination environm...High‐entropy amorphous catalysts(HEACs)integrate multielement synergy with structural disorder,making them promising candidates for water splitting.Their distinctive features—including flexible coordination environments,tunable electronic structures,abundant unsaturated active sites,and dynamic structural reassembly—collectively enhance electrochemical activity and durability under operating conditions.This review summarizes recent advances in HEACs for hydrogen evolution,oxygen evolution,and overall water splitting,highlighting their disorder-driven advantages over crystalline counterparts.Catalytic performance benchmarks are presented,and mechanistic insights are discussed,focusing on how multimetallic synergy,amorphization effect,and in‐situ reconstruction cooperatively regulate reaction pathways.These insights provide guidance for the rational design of next‐generation amorphous high‐entropy electrocatalysts with improved efficiency and durability.展开更多
The development of highly efficient and multifunctional nanozymes holds promise for addressing the challenges posed by drugresistant bacteria.Here,copper single-atom-loaded MoS_(2) nanozymes(CuSAs/MoS_(2))were develop...The development of highly efficient and multifunctional nanozymes holds promise for addressing the challenges posed by drugresistant bacteria.Here,copper single-atom-loaded MoS_(2) nanozymes(CuSAs/MoS_(2))were developed to effectively combat drug-resistant bacteria by synergistically integrating the triple strategies of oxidative damage,cuproptosis-like death and disruption of cell wall synthesis.Density functional theory revealed that each Cu center coordinated with three sulfur ligands,enhancing the adsorption of H_(2)O_(2),which reduced the activation energy of the key step by 17%,thereby improving peroxidase-like(PODlike)activity.The generation of reactive oxygen species in combination with CuSAs/MoS_(2) glutathione peroxidase-like(GSH-Px-like)for glutathione scavenging resulted in an imbalance in redox homeostasis within bacteria.CuSAs/MoS_(2),which act as nanopioneers,drive oxidative stress to initiate the process of cuproptosis-like death,leading to abnormal aggregation of lipoylated proteins and inactivation of iron-sulfur cluster proteins.Moreover,CuSAs/MoS_(2) inhibited the biosynthesis of the peptidoglycan synthesis precursors D-glutamate and m-diaminopimelic acid and disrupted the peptidoglycan cross-linking process mediated by penicillin-binding proteins,effectively blocking the compensatory cell wall remodeling pathway ofβ-lactam-resistant bacteria.Overall,CuSAs/MoS_(2) with multiple functions can not only efficiently kill bacteria but also decelerate the development of bacterial resistance to combat drug-resistant bacterial infections.展开更多
Structural engineering of Pt-based nanoalloys is crucial for the rational design and manufacturing of high-performance and low-cost electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Here,we reported PtNi nanoparti...Structural engineering of Pt-based nanoalloys is crucial for the rational design and manufacturing of high-performance and low-cost electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Here,we reported PtNi nanoparticles with a refined size of 2.71 nm and regular strains loaded on carbon black,synthesized using the high-temperature liquid shock(HTLS)method.This approach offers significant advantages over conventional synthesis methods,including high scalability,rapid reaction rates,and precise control over the size and shape of nanocrystals.Importantly,the synthesized PtNi electrocatalysts demonstrate outstanding catalytic activity and long-term stability for HER,achieving low overpotentials of 19 and 203 mV at current densities of 10 and 1000 mA/cm^(2),respectively.The superior performance can be attributed to the combination of a refined particle size,lattice strains,and synergistic effects between Pt and Ni.This rapid liquid-state synthesis demonstrated here holds great potential for scalable and industrial manufacturing of micro-/nano-catalysts.展开更多
The practical application of lithium metal batteries(LMBs)requires electrolytes that simultaneously ensure high safety and interfacial stability.Although locally concentrated ionic liquid electrolytes(LCILEs)exhibit e...The practical application of lithium metal batteries(LMBs)requires electrolytes that simultaneously ensure high safety and interfacial stability.Although locally concentrated ionic liquid electrolytes(LCILEs)exhibit exceptional electrochemical stability and compatibility with electrode electrolyte interfaces(EEIs),two major challenges persist:(i)safety risks caused by excessive low-flash-point diluents,and(ii)insufficient understanding of how diluents modulate solvation structures.Herein,we introduce a low-diluent-content LCILE system composed of lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide(LiFSI)salt,N-methyl-N-propyl-pyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide(Pyr_(13)FSI)ionic liquid,and trifluoromethanesulfonate(TFS)diluent.The TFS diluent strengthens ion-ion interactions by lowering the dielectric constant of the electrolyte,resulting in the formation of a unique nanometric anion aggregates(N-AGGs)reinforced solvation structure.These large anionic clusters exhibit accelerated redox decomposition kinetics,facilitating the rapid formation of a thin,dense,and low-impedance EEI.Consequently,the Li/LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2)coin cell achieves 87.8%capacity retention over 300 cycles at 4.3 V,while a practical 1.4 Ah Li/NCM622 pouch cell retains 84.5%capacity after 80 cycles at 4.5 V.Furthermore,the electrolyte demonstrates exceptional safety,and 2 Ah Li metal pouch cells successfully pass rigorous nail penetration tests without any ignition or explosion.This work not only provides a design strategy for intrinsically safe and high-performance electrolytes but also highlights the critical role of anion cluster decomposition kinetics in shaping EEI formation.展开更多
The thermal and electrical conductivities of magnesium alloys are highly sensitive to composition and microstructure,with thermal conductivity varying by up to 20-fold across different as-cast alloy systems,making rap...The thermal and electrical conductivities of magnesium alloys are highly sensitive to composition and microstructure,with thermal conductivity varying by up to 20-fold across different as-cast alloy systems,making rapid and accurate prediction crucial for high-throughput screening and development of high-performance alloys.This study introduces a physics-informed symbolic regression approach that addresses the limitations of traditional methods,including the high computational cost of first-principles calculations and the poor interpretability of machine learning models.Comprehensive datasets comprising 1512 data points from 60 literature sources were analyzed,including thermal conductivity measurements from 52 alloy systems and electrical conductivity measurements from 36 systems.The derived symbolic regression model achieved Mean Absolute Percentage Errors(MAPEs)of 11.2%and 11.4%for thermal conductivity in low and high-component systems,respectively.When integrated with the Smith-Palmer equation,electrical conductivity predictions reached MAPEs of 15.6%and 16.4%.Independent validation on an entirely separate dataset of 554 data points from 53 additional literature sources,including 37 previously unseen alloy systems,confirmed model generalizability with MAPEs of 10.7%-15.2%.Shapley Additive Explanations(SHAP)analysis was employed to evaluate the relative importance of different features affecting conductivity,while equation decomposition quantified the contribution of individual functional terms.This methodology bridges data-driven prediction with mechanistic understanding,establishing a foundation for knowledge-based design of magnesium alloys with tailored transport properties.展开更多
The growing need for stronger and more ductile structural materials has spurred an intense search for innovative,high-performance alloys.Traditionally,alloys face a pervasive trade-off:high strength often comes at the...The growing need for stronger and more ductile structural materials has spurred an intense search for innovative,high-performance alloys.Traditionally,alloys face a pervasive trade-off:high strength often comes at the expense of ductility and vice versa.The advent of high-entropy alloys(HEAs)offering both high strength and ductility has transformed this landscape.In this work,we discuss the deformation mechanisms of HEAs,examine the foundations of the strength-ductility trade-off,and explore approaches for designing HEAs to surmount this limitation.Furthermore,we analyze the factors that govern HEA-deformation performance,which in turn influence the HEA design.We also propose a perspective on future research directions concerning the mechanical behavior of HEAs,highlighting potential breakthroughs and novel strategies to advance the field.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72204169,82425101,82271516,81801187)Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases‐National Science and Technology Major Project(2023ZD0504800,2023ZD0504801,2023ZD0504802,2023ZD0504803,2023ZD0504804)+2 种基金Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission(Z231100004823036)Capital's Funds for Health Improvement and Research(2022‐2‐2045)National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFC3044800,2022YFF1501500,2022YFF1501501,2022YFF1501502,2022YFF1501503,2022YFF1501504,2022YFF1501505).
文摘Background:Stroke is the second leading cause of death and third leading cause of disability worldwide and is the leading cause of death and disability among adults in China,with its incidence rate continuing to rise.In China,the average age of firsttime stroke patients is 66.4 years,and the intravenous thrombolysis rate using recombinant tissue plasminogen activator within 3 h of onset is only 16%.Given this fact,there is a pressing need for real‐time predictive tools,particularly for elderly individuals at home,that can provide early warnings for potential strokes.Methods:We collected continuous monitoring data from nonintrusive smart beds and multimodal temporal data from electronic medical records at the National Center for Neurological Disorders.The data included smart bed monitoring indicators,laboratory tests,nurse observations,and static data as potential predictors,with stroke as the outcome.We applied feature representation and feature selection techniques and then input the predictors into machine learning models.Additionally,deep learning models were used after preprocessing the irregular temporal data.Finally,we evaluated the performance of the stroke prediction models and assessed the importance of the features.We used continuously updated vital signs and clinical data during hospitalization to generate timely stroke risk alerts during the same period of admission.Results:A total of 37,041 samples were analyzed,of which 7020 patients were diagnosed with stroke.When only the smart bed features were used for prediction,the model achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUROC)of 0.59−0.63,with an accuracy ranging from 60%−65%.Among the four artificial intelligence algorithms,the random forest model demonstrated the best performance.After all the available features were incorporated,the AUROC increased to 0.94,and the accuracy improved to 92%.Conclusions:In this study,the occurrence of stroke was successfully identified by integrating multimodal temporal data from electronic medical records.Noncontact monitoring of respiration and heart rate offers a promising approach for daily stroke surveillance in home‐based populations,particularly for elderly individuals living alone.
基金support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52574411)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.2242043).
文摘Achieving high energy and power densities is currently a core challenge in the fabrication of energy storage materials.Although numerous high-capacity materials have been developed,conventional planar electrodes cannot achieve high active material loading and efficient ion/electron transport simultaneously.By contrast,three-dimensional(3D)structures have attracted increasing interest because of their capacity to enhance active material utilization,shorten ion and electron transport pathways,reduce interfacial impedance,and provide spatial accommodation for volume expansion.Additive manufacturing(AM)technology effectively fabricates energy-storage materials with 3D structures by accurately constructing complex 3D structures via layer-by-layer deposition.Recent studies have employed AM to construct ordered 3D electrodes that can optimize ion/electron transport,regulate electric field distribution,or improve the electrode-electrolyte interface,thereby contributing to enhanced kinetic performance and cycling stability.This review systematically summarizes the applications of several AM technologies in the fabrication of energy storage materials and analyzes their respective advantages and limitations.Subsequently,the advantages of AM technology in the fabrication of energy storage materials and several major optimization strategies are comprehensively discussed.Finally,the major challenges and potential applications of AM technology in energy storage material optimization are discussed.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation(NSF)of China(Nos.22205015,22175020,and 22235001)the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(No.BX20220032)+2 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project(No.2022BG013)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.00007709,00007770,and FRFBR-23-02B)University of Science and Technology Beijing is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘In comparison with their 2D and 3D counterparts,1D covalent organic frameworks(COFs)have rarely been investigated due to the synthetic challenge arising from the strict necessary matching in the molecular symmetry between corresponding building blocks and linking units in addition to the unmanageable packing of 1D organic chains once formed.Herein,two novel imide-linked 1D COFs with phthalocyanine building blocks,namely NiPc-CZDM-COF and NiPc-CZDL-COF,were fabricated from the hydrothermal synthesis reaction of 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octacarboxyphthalocyaninato nickel(II)(NiPc(COOH)_(8))with 9H-carbazole-3,6-diamine(CZDM)and 4,4′-(9H-carbazole-3,6-diyl)dianiline(CZDL),respectively.Two COFs have high crystallinity on the basis of powder X-ray diffraction analysis and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy.Due to their high ratio of exposed active centers on the edge sites of porous ribbons,both NiPc-CZDM-COF and NiPc-CZDL-COF electrodes display high utilization efficiency of NiPc electroactive sites of 8.0%and 7.5% according to the electrochemical measurement,resulting in their excellent capacity toward electrocatalytic nitrate reduction with the nitrate-to-NH3 Faradaic efficiency of nearly 100%.In particular,NiPc-CZDM-COF electrode exhibits superior electrocatalytic performance with high NH3 partial current density of−246 mA/cm^(2),ammonia yield rate of 19.5 mg cm^(−2) h^(−1),and turnover frequency of 5.8 s^(−1) at−1.2 V in an H-type cell associated with its higher conductivity.This work reveals the good potential of 1D porous crystalline materials in electrocatalysis.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program:Key Special Project on Research for the Prevention and Treatment of Common Diseases-2022 Annual Project,Nos.2022YFC2504900,2022YFC2504902(both to ZL).
文摘Regulatory T cells are crucial immunomodulatory cells that play essential roles in both ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage.These cells are vital in post-stroke inflammation since they suppress immune responses and promote tissue repair.This review thoroughly examines the dynamic changes in the number and function of regulatory T cells and highlights their distinct roles at various stages of stroke progression.In the acute phase(within 5-7 days),regulatory T cells exert neuroprotective effects primarily by reducing inflammation.In the chronic phase(7 days post-onset),these cells support neuroregeneration and functional recovery.The review also explores the emerging role of regulatory T cells in the brain-gut axis,a key mediator of the systemic immune responses following stroke,and discusses its relevance in modulating post-stroke inflammation and repair.Various strategies aimed at enhancing regulatory T cell responses include adoptive transfer of regulatory T cells,administration of pharmacological agents,and induction of mucosal tolerance.All these approaches can potentially enhance the immunomodulatory and repair functions of regulatory T cells.Nevertheless,despite the promising preclinical results,the translation of regulatory T cell-based therapies into clinical practice is associated with challenges related to optimal timing,dosage,and long-term efficacy.Overall,targeting regulatory T cells is a novel and promising immunoregulatory approach for mitigating stroke-induced injury and promoting neural repair.
基金supported by the Beijing Nova Program,Nos.20230484436,Z211100002121038the Chinese Institutes for Medical Research,No.CX23YQ01+1 种基金the NationalNatural Science Foundation of China,Nos.32100925,82027802Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Basic Research Cooperation Project,No.22JCZXJC00190(all to XJand JL).
文摘Vascular cognitive impairment and dementia is a debilitating neurological disorder caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion,for which no effective causative treatments are currently available.Intermittent hypoxia has been shown to enhance cerebral blood flow in mice,but its efficacy in a model of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia remains unclear.In this study,we established a mouse model of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia by bilateral carotid artery stenosis.Intermittent hypoxia was induced before and after this stenosis.We found that intermittent hypoxia increased cerebral blood flow,oxygen saturation,and microcirculation in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in the model mice,without causing neurovascular damage.Additionally,intermittent hypoxia significantly improved cognitive function in the mouse model of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia,with perconditioning showing greater efficacy than preconditioning.Improvements in cerebral microcirculation and blood flow were positively correlated with cognitive recovery.Even in a mouse model of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia with comorbidities induced by a high-fat,high-fructose diet,intermittent hypoxic perconditioning demonstrated protective effects on cognitive function.Proteomic analysis indicated that mitochondrial protection is a key mechanism,particularly through upregulating NDUFB8 expression and increasing the activity of mitochondrial complex I.These findings suggest that intermittent hypoxia is a potential non-invasive strategy for the prevention and treatment of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52090041).
文摘The influence of different solution and aging conditions on the microstructure,impact toughness,and crack initiation and propagation mechanisms of the novel α+β titanium alloy Ti6422 was systematically investigated.By adjusting the furnace cooling time after solution treatment and the aging temperature,Ti6422 alloy samples were developed with a multi-level lamellar microstructure,in-cluding microscaleαcolonies and α_(p) lamellae,as well as nanoscale α_(s) phases.Extending the furnace cooling time after solution treatment at 920℃ for 1 h from 240 to 540 min,followed by aging at 600℃ for 6 h,increased the α_(p) lamella content,reduced the α_(s) phase content,expanded theαcolonies and α_(p) lamellae size,and improved the impact toughness from 22.7 to 53.8 J/cm^(2).Additionally,under the same solution treatment,raising the aging temperature from 500 to 700℃ resulted in a decrease in the α_(s) phase content and a growth in the thickness of the α_(p) lamella and α_(s) phase.The impact toughness increased significantly with these changes.Samples with high α_(p) lamellae content or large α_(s) phase size exhibited high crack initiation and propagation energies.Impact deformation caused severe kinking of the α_(p) lamellae in crack initiation and propagation areas,leading to a uniform and high-density kernel average misorientation(KAM)distribu-tion,enhancing plastic deformation coordination and uniformity.Moreover,the multidirectional arrangement of coarserαcolonies and α_(p) lamellae continuously deflect the crack propagation direction,inhibiting crack propagation.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2018YFA0707300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52374376)the Introduction Plan for High end Foreign Experts, China (No. G2023105001L)。
文摘Titanium plates with a Ti−O solid solution surface-hardened layer were cold roll-bonded with 304 stainless steel plates with high work hardening rates.The evolution and mechanisms affecting the interfacial bonding strength in titanium/stainless steel laminated composites were investigated.Results indicate that the hardened layer reduces the interfacial bonding strength from over 261 MPa to less than 204 MPa.During the cold roll-bonding process,the hardened layer fractures,leading to the formation of multi-scale cracks that are difficult for the stainless steel to fill.This not only hinders the development of an interlocking interface but also leads to the presence of numerous microcracks and hardened blocks along the nearly straight interface,consequently weakening the interfacial bonding strength.In metals with high work hardening rates,the conventional approach of enhancing interface interlocking and improving interfacial bonding strength by using a surface-hardened layer becomes less effective.
基金supported in part by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA0330302)NSFC program(No.22127901)。
文摘Neuromorphic devices have garnered significant attention as potential building blocks for energy-efficient hardware systems owing to their capacity to emulate the computational efficiency of the brain.In this regard,reservoir computing(RC)framework,which leverages straightforward training methods and efficient temporal signal processing,has emerged as a promising scheme.While various physical reservoir devices,including ferroelectric,optoelectronic,and memristor-based systems,have been demonstrated,many still face challenges related to compatibility with mainstream complementary metal oxide semiconductor(CMOS)integration processes.This study introduced a silicon-based schottky barrier metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor(SB-MOSFET),which was fabricated under low thermal budget and compatible with back-end-of-line(BEOL).The device demonstrated short-term memory characteristics,facilitated by the modulation of schottky barriers and charge trapping.Utilizing these characteristics,a RC system for temporal data processing was constructed,and its performance was validated in a 5×4 digital classification task,achieving an accuracy exceeding 98%after 50 training epochs.Furthermore,the system successfully processed temporal signal in waveform classification and prediction tasks using time-division multiplexing.Overall,the SB-MOSFET's high compatibility with CMOS technology provides substantial advantages for large-scale integration,enabling the development of energy-efficient reservoir computing hardware.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52271200)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A1515010393)USTB MatCom of Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering。
文摘Electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction is a crucial method for addressing energy issues and achieving carbon neutrality.Doping of Cu catalysts represents an effective approach to regulate electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction.This review article summarizes the research progress on improving the performance of Cu-based material electrocatalysts through doping regulation.The background,fundamental research,evaluation parameters,and methods for catalyst design,along with their influencing factors,are introduced.Emphasis is placed on the impact of doping with different elements(such as noble metals,transition metals,main-group metals,non-metals,etc.)on the performance of Cu-based catalysts,including the mechanisms for enhancing activity,selectivity,and stability.In-situ characterization techniques have revealed the structural evolution and catalytic mechanisms during the doping process.Mechanistic studies,leveraging the ever-advancing computational capabilities and high-throughput methods,have given rise to typical computational descriptors like volcano plots,free-energy diagrams,and machine-learning-based approaches.These descriptors have become key tools for screening high-efficiency catalysts in various application scenarios of the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR).This article comprehensively summarizes the current research achievements and looks ahead to the future,indicating that strengthening the combination of theory and experiment and exploring industrial applications are the future research directions,aiming to provide a comprehensive reference for the development of highly efficient doped Cu-based electrocatalysts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22209006,21935001)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2022QE009)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(buctrc202307)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Z210016).
文摘Low-cost and high-safety aqueous Zn-I_(2) batteries attract extensive attention for large-scale energy storage systems.However,polyiodide shuttling and sluggish iodine conversion reactions lead to inferior rate capability and severe capacity decay.Herein,a three-dimensional polyaniline is wrapped by carboxylcarbon nanotubes(denoted as C-PANI)which is designed as a catalytic cathode to effectively boost iodine conversion with suppressed polyiodide shuttling,thereby improving Zn-I_(2) batteries.Specifically,carboxyl-carbon nanotubes serve as a proton reservoir for more protonated-NH+=sites in PANI chains,achieving a direct I0/I−reaction for suppressed polyiodide generation and Zn corrosion.Attributing to this“proton-iodine”regulation,catalytic protonated C-PANI strongly fixes electrolytic iodine species and stores proton ions simultaneously through reversible-N=/-NH^(+)-reaction.Therefore,the electrolytic Zn-I_(2) battery with C-PANI cathode exhibits an impressive capacity of 420 mAh g^(−1) and ultra-long lifespan over 40,000 cycles.Additionally,a 60 mAh pouch cell was assembled with excellent cycling stability after 100 cycles,providing new insights into exploring effective organocatalysts for superb Zn-halogen batteries.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFB3712401),the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52274301)the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(No.2023Z0530S6005)the Ningbo Yongjiang Talent-Introduction Programme(No.2022A-023-C).
文摘The viscosity of refining slags plays a critical role in metallurgical processes.However,obtaining accurate viscosity data remains challenging due to the complexities of high-temperature experiments,often relying on empirical models with limited predictive capabilities.This study focuses on the influence of optical basicity on viscosity in CaO-Al_(2)O_(3)-based refining slags,leveraging machine learning to address data scarcity and improve prediction accuracy.An automated framework for algorithm integration,parameter tuning,and evaluation ranking framework(Auto-APE)is employed to develop customized data-driven models for various slag systems,including CaO-Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2),CaO-Al_(2)O_(3)-CaF_(2),CaO-Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)-MgO,and CaO-Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)-MgO-CaF_(2).By incorporating optical basicity as a key feature,the models achieve an average validation error of 8.0%to 15.1%,significantly outperforming traditional empirical models.Additionally,symbolic regression is introduced to rapidly construct domain-specific features,such as optical basicity-like descriptors,offering a potential breakthrough in performance prediction for small datasets.This work highlights the critical role of domain-specific knowledge in understanding and predicting viscosity,providing a robust machine learning-based approach for optimizing refining slag properties.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2023YFB3812601)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51925401)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST, China (No. 2022QNRC001)。
文摘Machine learning-assisted methods for rapid and accurate prediction of temperature field,mushy zone,and grain size were proposed for the heating−cooling combined mold(HCCM)horizontal continuous casting of C70250 alloy plates.First,finite element simulations of casting processes were carried out with various parameters to build a dataset.Subsequently,different machine learning algorithms were employed to achieve high precision in predicting temperature fields,mushy zone locations,mushy zone inclination angle,and billet grain size.Finally,the process parameters were quickly optimized using a strategy consisting of random generation,prediction,and screening,allowing the mushy zone to be controlled to the desired target.The optimized parameters are 1234℃for heating mold temperature,47 mm/min for casting speed,and 10 L/min for cooling water flow rate.The optimized mushy zone is located in the middle of the second heat insulation section and has an inclination angle of roughly 7°.
基金financially and technically supported by the National Key Laboratory Foundation of Science and Technology on Materials under Shock and Impact,Beijing Institute of Technology,China(No.WDZC2024-1)。
文摘Cryogenic rolling impacts on microstructure and mechanical properties of spray-formed 7055(SF-7055)Al alloy were investigated.Results show that with the increase of the reduction from 20%to 80%,the grain of cryogenic rolled SF-7055 Al alloy is elongated to form a fiber texture.Numerous proliferating dislocations in the microstructure accumulate into dislocation walls and cells,and eventually form subgrains.These subgrain boundaries divide the original grain,thereby reducing the grain size.Under severe deformation conditions,they even enable the formation of nanograins.Meanwhile,the Cu-rich precipitates in the matrix are also broken and refined under the action of large rolling stress.In the process of cryogenic rolling,the tensile strength and hardness of SF-7055 Al alloy gradually increase,while the plasticity decreases.Moreover,the fracture morphology of cryogenic rolled SF-7055 Al alloy gradually transforms to the ductile and quasi-cleavage hybrid fracture characteristics with increased reduction.
基金supported by the Hubei Key Laboratory of Electronic Manufacturing and Packaging Integration(Grant No.EMPI2024013)the Hubei Province“Chutian Talent Plan”Science and Technology Innovation Team Project+1 种基金funding support from the Start-up Fund from Wuhan Universitythe Hubei Science and Technology Innovation Team Project。
文摘The urgent demand for sustainable and efficient energy storage has spurred interest in magnesiumlithium hybrid-ion batteries(MLHB),which combine the safety and cost-effectiveness of magnesium(Mg)anodes with the superior ion transport properties of lithium.However,the development of MLHB is hindered by the limitations of conventional cathode materials,including structural instability and high intercalation energy barriers.Here,we present a novel cathode architecture based on vanadium diselenide(VSe_(2)),synthesized via atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition(APCVD).This approach enables the direct growth of VSe_(2) nanoarchitectures on carbon nanotube film(CNTf)current collectors,ensuring excellent electron transport and mechanical robustness.Meanwhile,a conformal poly(3,4-ethy lenedioxythiophene)(PEDOT)coating is strategically engineered onto the VSe_(2) cathode surface through molecularly precise interfacial manipulation,which significantly enhances the mechanical toughness of the cathode,thereby alleviating stress concentration and preventing mechanical degradation.These are systematically validated by finite element modeling and advanced microscopy.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations and experiments reveal that pre-lithiation significantly improves electronic conductivity and facilitates Mg^(2+)insertion.The resulting VSe_(2)-based cathode exhibits outstanding electrochemical performance,achieving a specific capacity of 129 mAh g^(-1) at 2000 mA g^(-1) and maintaining 107.3 mAh g^(-1)over 3000 cycles at 1000 mA g^(-1),demonstrating remarkable cycling stability.This work establishes a scalable strategy for MLHB cathodes,advancing the frontier of multivalent-ion battery technology.
基金supported by the Australian Research Council(ARC)Projects(DP220101139,DP220101142,and LP240100542).
文摘High‐entropy amorphous catalysts(HEACs)integrate multielement synergy with structural disorder,making them promising candidates for water splitting.Their distinctive features—including flexible coordination environments,tunable electronic structures,abundant unsaturated active sites,and dynamic structural reassembly—collectively enhance electrochemical activity and durability under operating conditions.This review summarizes recent advances in HEACs for hydrogen evolution,oxygen evolution,and overall water splitting,highlighting their disorder-driven advantages over crystalline counterparts.Catalytic performance benchmarks are presented,and mechanistic insights are discussed,focusing on how multimetallic synergy,amorphization effect,and in‐situ reconstruction cooperatively regulate reaction pathways.These insights provide guidance for the rational design of next‐generation amorphous high‐entropy electrocatalysts with improved efficiency and durability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82372552)the Excellent Youth of Natural Science Research Projects in Anhui Province Universities(2023AH030060)+1 种基金Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2408085Y016)Anhui Province Excellent Research and Innovation Team Project(2024AH010013)。
文摘The development of highly efficient and multifunctional nanozymes holds promise for addressing the challenges posed by drugresistant bacteria.Here,copper single-atom-loaded MoS_(2) nanozymes(CuSAs/MoS_(2))were developed to effectively combat drug-resistant bacteria by synergistically integrating the triple strategies of oxidative damage,cuproptosis-like death and disruption of cell wall synthesis.Density functional theory revealed that each Cu center coordinated with three sulfur ligands,enhancing the adsorption of H_(2)O_(2),which reduced the activation energy of the key step by 17%,thereby improving peroxidase-like(PODlike)activity.The generation of reactive oxygen species in combination with CuSAs/MoS_(2) glutathione peroxidase-like(GSH-Px-like)for glutathione scavenging resulted in an imbalance in redox homeostasis within bacteria.CuSAs/MoS_(2),which act as nanopioneers,drive oxidative stress to initiate the process of cuproptosis-like death,leading to abnormal aggregation of lipoylated proteins and inactivation of iron-sulfur cluster proteins.Moreover,CuSAs/MoS_(2) inhibited the biosynthesis of the peptidoglycan synthesis precursors D-glutamate and m-diaminopimelic acid and disrupted the peptidoglycan cross-linking process mediated by penicillin-binding proteins,effectively blocking the compensatory cell wall remodeling pathway ofβ-lactam-resistant bacteria.Overall,CuSAs/MoS_(2) with multiple functions can not only efficiently kill bacteria but also decelerate the development of bacterial resistance to combat drug-resistant bacterial infections.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12205165)Hebei Province Innovation Ability Improvement Plan Project(No.225676111H).
文摘Structural engineering of Pt-based nanoalloys is crucial for the rational design and manufacturing of high-performance and low-cost electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Here,we reported PtNi nanoparticles with a refined size of 2.71 nm and regular strains loaded on carbon black,synthesized using the high-temperature liquid shock(HTLS)method.This approach offers significant advantages over conventional synthesis methods,including high scalability,rapid reaction rates,and precise control over the size and shape of nanocrystals.Importantly,the synthesized PtNi electrocatalysts demonstrate outstanding catalytic activity and long-term stability for HER,achieving low overpotentials of 19 and 203 mV at current densities of 10 and 1000 mA/cm^(2),respectively.The superior performance can be attributed to the combination of a refined particle size,lattice strains,and synergistic effects between Pt and Ni.This rapid liquid-state synthesis demonstrated here holds great potential for scalable and industrial manufacturing of micro-/nano-catalysts.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFE0207300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22179142 and 22075314)+1 种基金Jiangsu Provincial Science and Technology Program(Grant No.BG 2024020).XPSWAXS and TOF-SIMS characterizations were supported by Nano-X(Vacuum Interconnected Nanotech Workstation,Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics,Chinese Academy of Sciences(SINANO),Suzhou 215123,China)。
文摘The practical application of lithium metal batteries(LMBs)requires electrolytes that simultaneously ensure high safety and interfacial stability.Although locally concentrated ionic liquid electrolytes(LCILEs)exhibit exceptional electrochemical stability and compatibility with electrode electrolyte interfaces(EEIs),two major challenges persist:(i)safety risks caused by excessive low-flash-point diluents,and(ii)insufficient understanding of how diluents modulate solvation structures.Herein,we introduce a low-diluent-content LCILE system composed of lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide(LiFSI)salt,N-methyl-N-propyl-pyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide(Pyr_(13)FSI)ionic liquid,and trifluoromethanesulfonate(TFS)diluent.The TFS diluent strengthens ion-ion interactions by lowering the dielectric constant of the electrolyte,resulting in the formation of a unique nanometric anion aggregates(N-AGGs)reinforced solvation structure.These large anionic clusters exhibit accelerated redox decomposition kinetics,facilitating the rapid formation of a thin,dense,and low-impedance EEI.Consequently,the Li/LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2)coin cell achieves 87.8%capacity retention over 300 cycles at 4.3 V,while a practical 1.4 Ah Li/NCM622 pouch cell retains 84.5%capacity after 80 cycles at 4.5 V.Furthermore,the electrolyte demonstrates exceptional safety,and 2 Ah Li metal pouch cells successfully pass rigorous nail penetration tests without any ignition or explosion.This work not only provides a design strategy for intrinsically safe and high-performance electrolytes but also highlights the critical role of anion cluster decomposition kinetics in shaping EEI formation.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFB3712401)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52274301)+2 种基金the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(No.2023Z0530S6005)Academician Workstation of Kunming University of Science and Technology(2024),Ningbo Yongjiang Talent-Introduction Program(No.2022A-023C)Zhejiang Phenomenological Materials Technology Co.,Ltd.,China.
文摘The thermal and electrical conductivities of magnesium alloys are highly sensitive to composition and microstructure,with thermal conductivity varying by up to 20-fold across different as-cast alloy systems,making rapid and accurate prediction crucial for high-throughput screening and development of high-performance alloys.This study introduces a physics-informed symbolic regression approach that addresses the limitations of traditional methods,including the high computational cost of first-principles calculations and the poor interpretability of machine learning models.Comprehensive datasets comprising 1512 data points from 60 literature sources were analyzed,including thermal conductivity measurements from 52 alloy systems and electrical conductivity measurements from 36 systems.The derived symbolic regression model achieved Mean Absolute Percentage Errors(MAPEs)of 11.2%and 11.4%for thermal conductivity in low and high-component systems,respectively.When integrated with the Smith-Palmer equation,electrical conductivity predictions reached MAPEs of 15.6%and 16.4%.Independent validation on an entirely separate dataset of 554 data points from 53 additional literature sources,including 37 previously unseen alloy systems,confirmed model generalizability with MAPEs of 10.7%-15.2%.Shapley Additive Explanations(SHAP)analysis was employed to evaluate the relative importance of different features affecting conductivity,while equation decomposition quantified the contribution of individual functional terms.This methodology bridges data-driven prediction with mechanistic understanding,establishing a foundation for knowledge-based design of magnesium alloys with tailored transport properties.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52101189 and 52273280)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2020YFA0405700)+3 种基金The present work was also supported by the Chinese Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020M680343)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.FRF-TP-20-050A1)PKL thanks the support from the National Science Foundation(Nos.DMR-1611180,1809640,and 2226508)the Army Research Office(Nos.W911NF-13-1-0438 and W911NF-19-2-0049).
文摘The growing need for stronger and more ductile structural materials has spurred an intense search for innovative,high-performance alloys.Traditionally,alloys face a pervasive trade-off:high strength often comes at the expense of ductility and vice versa.The advent of high-entropy alloys(HEAs)offering both high strength and ductility has transformed this landscape.In this work,we discuss the deformation mechanisms of HEAs,examine the foundations of the strength-ductility trade-off,and explore approaches for designing HEAs to surmount this limitation.Furthermore,we analyze the factors that govern HEA-deformation performance,which in turn influence the HEA design.We also propose a perspective on future research directions concerning the mechanical behavior of HEAs,highlighting potential breakthroughs and novel strategies to advance the field.
