Amidst the ever-growing interest in high-mass-loading Li battery electrodes,a persistent challenge has been the insufficient continuity of their ion/electron conduction pathways.Here,we propose cellulose elementary fi...Amidst the ever-growing interest in high-mass-loading Li battery electrodes,a persistent challenge has been the insufficient continuity of their ion/electron conduction pathways.Here,we propose cellulose elementary fibrils(CEFs)as a class of deagglomerated binder for high-mass-loading electrodes.Derived from natural wood,CEF represents the most fundamental unit of cellulose with nanoscale diameter.The preparation of the CEFs involves the modulation of intermolecular hydrogen bonding by the treatment with a proton acceptor and a hydrotropic agent.This elementary deagglomeration of the cellulose fibers increases surface area and anionic charge density,thus promoting uniform dispersion with carbon conductive additives and suppressing interfacial side reactions at electrodes.Consequently,a homogeneous redox reaction is achieved throughout the electrodes.The resulting CEF-based cathode(overlithiated layered oxide(OLO)is chosen as a benchmark electrode active material)exhibits a high areal-mass-loading(50 mg cm^(-2),equivalent to an areal capacity of 12.5 mAh cm^(-2))and a high specific energy density(445.4 Wh kg–1)of a cell,which far exceeds those of previously reported OLO cathodes.This study highlights the viability of the deagglomerated binder in enabling sustainable high-mass-loading electrodes that are difficult to achieve with conventional synthetic polymer binders.展开更多
Atomically dispersed single-atom catalysts(SACs)on carbon supports show great promise for H_(2)O_(2) electrosynthesis,but conventional wet chemistry methods using particulate carbon blacks in powder form have limited ...Atomically dispersed single-atom catalysts(SACs)on carbon supports show great promise for H_(2)O_(2) electrosynthesis,but conventional wet chemistry methods using particulate carbon blacks in powder form have limited their potential as two-electron(2^(e−))oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)catalysts.Here,we demonstrate high-performance Co SACs supported on a free-standing aligned carbon nanofiber(CNF)using electrospinning and arc plasma deposition(APD).Based on the surface oxidation treatment of aligned CNF and precise control of the deposition amount in a dry-based APD process,we successfully form densely populated Co SACs on aligned CNF.Through experimental analyses and density functional theory calculations,we reveal that Co SAC has a Co–N_(2)–O_(2) moiety with one epoxy group,leading to excellent 2^(e−)ORR activity.Furthermore,the aligned CNF significantly improves mass transfer in flow cells compared to randomly oriented CNF,showing an overpotential reduction of 30 mV and a 1.3-fold improvement(84.5%)in Faradaic efficiency,and finally achieves an outstanding production rate of 15.75 mol gcat^(−1) h^(−1) at 300 mA cm^(−2).The high-performance Co SAC supported on well-aligned CNF is also applied in an electro-Fenton process,demonstrating rapid removal of methylene blue and bisphenol F due to its exceptional 2e^(−)ORR activity.展开更多
Huntington’s disease(HD)is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a triad of behavioral symptoms:involuntary movement,emotional change,and cognitive dysfunction.Although alterations in WNT signaling have...Huntington’s disease(HD)is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a triad of behavioral symptoms:involuntary movement,emotional change,and cognitive dysfunction.Although alterations in WNT signaling have been reported in HD,its precise role in pathogenesis remains unclear.In this study,we found that astrocytic WNT5B mRNA and protein levels are elevated in the striatum of both HD patients and HD model mice.The noncanonical WNT5B signaling pathway induced sustained expression of matrix metallopeptidase 14(MMP14),an extracellular matrix(ECM)-degrading enzyme,via activation of the NFATc2 transcription factor in both human and primary mouse astrocytes.Robust upregulation of MMP14 led to ECM degradation,medium spiny neuron(MSN)damage,and increased mutant huntingtin aggregation in N171-82Q HD transgenic mice.Furthermore,WNT5B gain-offunction exacerbated neuropathology,impaired motor coordination,and shortened the lifespan of N171-82Q mice.We further demonstrated that the overexpression of the estrogen receptorα(ERα)suppresses NFATc2 transcriptional activity in vitro.A targeted therapy for the WNT5B-NFATc2-MMP14 signaling pathway by genistein,a phytoestrogen,reduced MMP14 transcription by antagonizing NFATc2 activity and preventing ECM degradation in N171-82Q mice.Genistein treatment also ameliorated neuropathology and motor deficits and prolonged the lifespan of HD mice.Together,these findings define a molecular pathological mechanism in which astrocytic MMP14 transcription,driven by the noncanonical WNT5B signaling pathway,promotes ECM degradation and MSN damage and accelerates neurodegeneration in HD.Modulation of the noncell-autonomous WNT5BNFATc2-MMP14 signaling pathway by genistein may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for mitigating HD pathogenesis.展开更多
Thick cathodes can overcome the low capacity issues,which mostly hamper the performance of the conventional active cathode materials,used in rechargeable Li batteries.However,the typical slurry-based method induces cr...Thick cathodes can overcome the low capacity issues,which mostly hamper the performance of the conventional active cathode materials,used in rechargeable Li batteries.However,the typical slurry-based method induces cracking and flaking during the fabrication of thick electrodes.In addition,a significant increase in the charge-transfer resistance and local cur-rent overload results in poor rate capabilities and cycling stabilities,thereby limiting electrode thickening.In this study,a synergistic dual-network combination strategy based on a conductive nanofibrillar network(CNN)and a nano-bridging amor-phous polyhydroxyalkanoate(aPHA)binder is used to demonstrate the feasibility of constructing a high-performance thick cathode.The CNN and aPHA dual network facilitates the fabrication of a thick cathode(≥250μm thickness and≥90 wt%active cathode material)by a mass-producible slurry method.The thick cathode exhibited a high rate capability and excel-lent cycling stability.In addition,the thick cathode and thin Li metal anode pair(Li//t-NCM)exhibited an optimal energy performance,affording high-performance Li metal batteries with a high areal energy of~25.3 mW h cm^(-2),a high volumetric power density of~1720 W L^(-1),and an outstanding specific energy of~470 W h kg^(-1)at only 6 mA h cm^(-2).展开更多
基金supported by the Institute of Civil Military Technology Cooperation funded by the Defense Acquisition Program Administration and Ministry of Trade,Industry and Energy of Korean government under grant No 23-CM-AI-08.
文摘Amidst the ever-growing interest in high-mass-loading Li battery electrodes,a persistent challenge has been the insufficient continuity of their ion/electron conduction pathways.Here,we propose cellulose elementary fibrils(CEFs)as a class of deagglomerated binder for high-mass-loading electrodes.Derived from natural wood,CEF represents the most fundamental unit of cellulose with nanoscale diameter.The preparation of the CEFs involves the modulation of intermolecular hydrogen bonding by the treatment with a proton acceptor and a hydrotropic agent.This elementary deagglomeration of the cellulose fibers increases surface area and anionic charge density,thus promoting uniform dispersion with carbon conductive additives and suppressing interfacial side reactions at electrodes.Consequently,a homogeneous redox reaction is achieved throughout the electrodes.The resulting CEF-based cathode(overlithiated layered oxide(OLO)is chosen as a benchmark electrode active material)exhibits a high areal-mass-loading(50 mg cm^(-2),equivalent to an areal capacity of 12.5 mAh cm^(-2))and a high specific energy density(445.4 Wh kg–1)of a cell,which far exceeds those of previously reported OLO cathodes.This study highlights the viability of the deagglomerated binder in enabling sustainable high-mass-loading electrodes that are difficult to achieve with conventional synthetic polymer binders.
基金This work was supported by the KIST Institutional Program(2E32461)the NationalResearch Council of Science&Technology(NST)grant(CPS21041-100)+1 种基金the National Research Foundation ofKorea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea Government(MSIT)(No.RS-2023-00209940,NRF-2022R 1F1A1068725, NRF-2022M3H4A7046278)Korea EnvironmentIndustry&Technology Institute(KEITI)through theEcological Imitation-based Environmental Pollution Man-agement Technology Development Project,funded by theKorea Ministry of Environment(MOE)(2021002800005).
文摘Atomically dispersed single-atom catalysts(SACs)on carbon supports show great promise for H_(2)O_(2) electrosynthesis,but conventional wet chemistry methods using particulate carbon blacks in powder form have limited their potential as two-electron(2^(e−))oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)catalysts.Here,we demonstrate high-performance Co SACs supported on a free-standing aligned carbon nanofiber(CNF)using electrospinning and arc plasma deposition(APD).Based on the surface oxidation treatment of aligned CNF and precise control of the deposition amount in a dry-based APD process,we successfully form densely populated Co SACs on aligned CNF.Through experimental analyses and density functional theory calculations,we reveal that Co SAC has a Co–N_(2)–O_(2) moiety with one epoxy group,leading to excellent 2^(e−)ORR activity.Furthermore,the aligned CNF significantly improves mass transfer in flow cells compared to randomly oriented CNF,showing an overpotential reduction of 30 mV and a 1.3-fold improvement(84.5%)in Faradaic efficiency,and finally achieves an outstanding production rate of 15.75 mol gcat^(−1) h^(−1) at 300 mA cm^(−2).The high-performance Co SAC supported on well-aligned CNF is also applied in an electro-Fenton process,demonstrating rapid removal of methylene blue and bisphenol F due to its exceptional 2e^(−)ORR activity.
基金funded by multiple grants from the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF),supported by the Ministry of Education,Science and Technology,including the Sejong Science Fellowship(2021R1C1C2095827,S.J.H.)grants 2020M3E5D9079742,2021M3A9G1015618,and RS-2022-NR070632 awarded to H.R+3 种基金Additional support was provided through the Korea Dementia Research Project(RS2023-KH137130 to H.R.)under the Korea Dementia Research Center(KDRC),funded by the Ministry of Health&Welfare and the Ministry of Science and ICTThis work was also partially supported by the Korea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST)through grants 2E33701,2E33722,2Z07276,and 2Z07368(H.R.)We further acknowledge support from the U.S.National Institutes of Health(NIH R01NS109537,J.L.)English language and stylistic editing were assisted by AI-based proofreading tools(ChatGPT,OpenAI).
文摘Huntington’s disease(HD)is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a triad of behavioral symptoms:involuntary movement,emotional change,and cognitive dysfunction.Although alterations in WNT signaling have been reported in HD,its precise role in pathogenesis remains unclear.In this study,we found that astrocytic WNT5B mRNA and protein levels are elevated in the striatum of both HD patients and HD model mice.The noncanonical WNT5B signaling pathway induced sustained expression of matrix metallopeptidase 14(MMP14),an extracellular matrix(ECM)-degrading enzyme,via activation of the NFATc2 transcription factor in both human and primary mouse astrocytes.Robust upregulation of MMP14 led to ECM degradation,medium spiny neuron(MSN)damage,and increased mutant huntingtin aggregation in N171-82Q HD transgenic mice.Furthermore,WNT5B gain-offunction exacerbated neuropathology,impaired motor coordination,and shortened the lifespan of N171-82Q mice.We further demonstrated that the overexpression of the estrogen receptorα(ERα)suppresses NFATc2 transcriptional activity in vitro.A targeted therapy for the WNT5B-NFATc2-MMP14 signaling pathway by genistein,a phytoestrogen,reduced MMP14 transcription by antagonizing NFATc2 activity and preventing ECM degradation in N171-82Q mice.Genistein treatment also ameliorated neuropathology and motor deficits and prolonged the lifespan of HD mice.Together,these findings define a molecular pathological mechanism in which astrocytic MMP14 transcription,driven by the noncanonical WNT5B signaling pathway,promotes ECM degradation and MSN damage and accelerates neurodegeneration in HD.Modulation of the noncell-autonomous WNT5BNFATc2-MMP14 signaling pathway by genistein may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for mitigating HD pathogenesis.
基金supported by the Basic Science Research Program of the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(RS-2023-00302689 and NRF-2021R1A4A2001403)funded by the Korea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST)Institutional Program(2V09840).
文摘Thick cathodes can overcome the low capacity issues,which mostly hamper the performance of the conventional active cathode materials,used in rechargeable Li batteries.However,the typical slurry-based method induces cracking and flaking during the fabrication of thick electrodes.In addition,a significant increase in the charge-transfer resistance and local cur-rent overload results in poor rate capabilities and cycling stabilities,thereby limiting electrode thickening.In this study,a synergistic dual-network combination strategy based on a conductive nanofibrillar network(CNN)and a nano-bridging amor-phous polyhydroxyalkanoate(aPHA)binder is used to demonstrate the feasibility of constructing a high-performance thick cathode.The CNN and aPHA dual network facilitates the fabrication of a thick cathode(≥250μm thickness and≥90 wt%active cathode material)by a mass-producible slurry method.The thick cathode exhibited a high rate capability and excel-lent cycling stability.In addition,the thick cathode and thin Li metal anode pair(Li//t-NCM)exhibited an optimal energy performance,affording high-performance Li metal batteries with a high areal energy of~25.3 mW h cm^(-2),a high volumetric power density of~1720 W L^(-1),and an outstanding specific energy of~470 W h kg^(-1)at only 6 mA h cm^(-2).
