Objective:HIV has infected approximately 75 million people worldwide with over half dying from AIDS-related diseases.This study aimed to determine individuals'willingness to pay(WTP)for future HIV vaccines.Methods...Objective:HIV has infected approximately 75 million people worldwide with over half dying from AIDS-related diseases.This study aimed to determine individuals'willingness to pay(WTP)for future HIV vaccines.Methods:A cross sectional study was conducted in December 2022 in Southern Vietnam with 1675 face-to-face interviews.WTP was determined using the contingent valuation method with two bidding games under three vaccine efficacy scenarios(high,medium,low)for both self-vaccination and child vaccination.Results:Among 1655 valid respondents,553 were willing to pay for their children's vaccination.Overall,the WTP of adults for the HIV vaccine was(4961264±3793652)VND(23700 VND=1 US dollar).The WTP of parents is(4947799±4930721)VND for self-vaccination and(4865399±4064567)VND for vaccinating their children.Average WTP decreased with lower vaccine efficacy and lower bid prices.Education level,marital status,occupation,and monthly income were significantly associated with WTP for all vaccination types.Conclusions:In this study,high WTP rates and numerous individuals willing to pay for HIV vaccines were found.These findings can help decision-makers understand factors influencing WTP for future HIV vaccines and provide evidence for developing funding programs and budgeting plans for introducing such vaccines in Vietnam.展开更多
The advent of a mobile society has led to profound changes in China’s traditional rural-urban pattern and called for new strategies for urban and rural governance.Based on a macro perspective of temporal and spatial ...The advent of a mobile society has led to profound changes in China’s traditional rural-urban pattern and called for new strategies for urban and rural governance.Based on a macro perspective of temporal and spatial evolution,this study analyzes the historical logics of rural-urban governance,explores the geographical patterns of challenges in China’s rural-urban governance,and finally puts forward targeted strategies for rural-urban governance toward integrated and sustainable development in China.From the historical perspective,the urban originates from the rural,and the connotation of rural,that is,a regional-scale outlook,rural-urban relations,and sociocultural interaction,forms the traditional approach to rural-urban governance.China’s rural-urban governance has evolved from antagonism toward integration.In terms of theoretical development,the turn toward mobility is an important driving factor shaping and promoting the transformation of research focus on rural-urban governance.The mobility of urban and rural factors has especially in recent decades brought extensive challenges for governance,which are highlighted by the disintegration of the stability of rural and urban structures,growing regional disparities in rural education levels,and serious aging and hollowing crises in rural areas.We therefore propose that rural-urban governance should give sufficient consideration to the convergence of wider interests;realize social potential through institutional,cultural and spatial restructuring;and attach importance to collaborative development and governance.And the transfer of rural problems to urban areas should be paid attention to by rural-urban governance.This research enriches the knowledge regarding the logics and patterns of China’s rural-urban governance from an interdisciplinary perspective.It is also helpful in the promotion of rural-urban integration and sustainable development,especially at a time when the mobility of social factors between rural areas and urban areas increasingly challenges traditional urban and rural governance and drives its evolution.展开更多
Based on a 2-D hydrodynamic model, a vertically integrated eutrophication model was developed. The physical sub-model can be used for calculation of water density at different depths, and the water quality sub-model w...Based on a 2-D hydrodynamic model, a vertically integrated eutrophication model was developed. The physical sub-model can be used for calculation of water density at different depths, and the water quality sub-model was used for calculation of algal growth. The cohesive and non-cohesive sediments were simulated separately with different methods. The light extinction coefficient used in the underwater light regime sub-model was linearly related to the sum of sediment and phytoplankton biomass. Some components less important to the model were simplified to improve practicability and calculation efficiency. Using field data from Fuchunjiang Reservoir, we calculated the sensitivity of ecological parameters included in this model and validated the model. The results of sensitivity analysis showed that the parameters strongly influenced the phytoplankton biomass, including phytoplankton maximum growth rate, respiration rate, non-predatory mortality rate, settling rate, zooplankton maximum filtration rate, specific extinction coefficient for suspended solids and sediment oxygen demand rate. The model was calibrated by adjusting these parameters. Total chlorophyll α （chl-α） concentrations at different layers in the water column were reproduced very well by the model simulations. The simulated chl-α values were positively correlated to the measured values with Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.92. The mean difference between measured and simulated chl-α concentrations was 12% of the measured chl-α concentration. Measured and simulated DO concentrations were also positively correlated （r = 0.74） and the mean difference was 4% of measured DO concentrations. The successful validation of model indicated that it would be very useful in water quality management and algal bloom prediction in Fuchunjiang Reservoir and a good tool for water quality regulation of other fiver-style reservoirs.展开更多
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone （GnRH） is secreted from neurons within the hypothalamus and is necessary for reproductive function in all vertebrates. GnRH is also found in organs outside of the brain and plays an im...Gonadotropin-releasing hormone （GnRH） is secreted from neurons within the hypothalamus and is necessary for reproductive function in all vertebrates. GnRH is also found in organs outside of the brain and plays an important role in Leydig cell steroidogenesis in the testis. However, the signalling pathways mediating this function remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated whether components of the mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） pathways are involved in GnRH agonist （GnRHa）-induced testis steroidogenesis in rat Leydig cells. Primary cultures of rat Leydig cells were established. The expression of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase （3β-HSD） and the production of testosterone in response to GnRHa were examined at different doses and for different durations by RT-PCR, Western blot analysis and radioimmunoassay （RIA）. The effects of GnRHa on ERK1/2, JNK and p38 kinase activation were also investigated in the presence or absence of the MAPK inhibitor PD-98059 by Western blot analysis. GnRHa induced testosterone production and upregulated 3β-HSD expression at both the mRNA and protein levels; it also activated ERK1/2, but not JNK and p38 kinase. Although the maximum effects of GnRHa were observed at a concentration of 100 nmnol L-1 after 24 h, activation of ERKI/2 by GnRHa reached peak at 5 min and it returned to the basal level within 60 min. PD-98059 completely blocked the activation of ERKI/2, the upregulation of 3β-HSD and testosterone production. Our data show that GnRH positively regulates steroidogenesis via ERK signalling in rat Leydig cells. ERK1/2 activation by GnRH may be responsible for the induction of 3β-HSDgene expression and enzyme production, which may ultimately modulate steroidogenesis in rat Leydig cells.展开更多
Studies investigating innovation networks shaped by large innovative enterprises(LI-ENTs),which play a very important role in intercity diffusion of technology and knowledge,are rather thin on the ground.Using locatio...Studies investigating innovation networks shaped by large innovative enterprises(LI-ENTs),which play a very important role in intercity diffusion of technology and knowledge,are rather thin on the ground.Using location information of LI-ENTs in China,we performed a headquarter-branch analysis to generate intercity innovation linkages and analyzed the patterns and dynamics of the generated network of knowledge diffusion.Although the network covers 353 cities across China,its spatial distribution is extremely uneven,with a few cities and city-dyads dominating the structure of the network.Furthermore,intercity linkages of innovation within and of urban agglomerations,as well as their central cities,stand out.With regard to network dynamics,the economic development level,innovation ability,and administrative level of cities,as well as the geographical,institutional,and technological proximity between cities are all found to have a positive impact on intercity linkages of innovations,whilst the impact of FDI on the national distribution of Chinese innovative enterprises is negative.Most importantly,the status of cities within the urban agglomeration exerts a significant positive effect in relation to the innovative enterprises’expansions,which reflects that the top-down forces of government and the bottom-up forces of market function together.展开更多
Listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen responsible for listeriosis,a fatal disease.It is widely distributed in various foods and environmental sources.In this review,we focused on addressing PCR-bas...Listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen responsible for listeriosis,a fatal disease.It is widely distributed in various foods and environmental sources.In this review,we focused on addressing PCR-based technologies,including conventional PCR,qPCR and droplet digital PCR(ddPCR).Specifically,we described(a)conventional PCR and mono-,duplex-and multiplex-qPCR methodologies;(b)development and applications of gene HlyA-,Iap-,PrfA–and SsrA-based conventional and qPCR assays as well as PCR assays targeting newly identified gene targets for specific detection of L.monocytogenes;differentiation of viable from dead L.monocytogenes by qPCR in conjugation with propidium monoazide pretreatment;PCR-based serotype identification of L.monocytogenes isolates;PCR-based detection of L.ivanovii,infecting ruminants,differentiation of L.monocytogenes from other Listeria species;and sigB-gene based PCR identification of Listeria spp;(c)applications of ddPCR in detection of L.monocytogenes;and(d)application of qPCR assays in detection and subtyping of L.monocytogenes in milk and dairy products;meats,meat products and meat-processing environment;and seafood,seafood products and processing environment.Our goal was to provide a relatively comprehensive overview of PCR-based methodologies available in detection,characterization and subtyping of various strains of L.monocytogenes in foods and environmental sources.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To explore the underlying mechanism of acupuncture on nerve repair by investigating its effect on the differentiation of glial cells and the repair of glial scars.METHODS:Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly al...OBJECTIVE:To explore the underlying mechanism of acupuncture on nerve repair by investigating its effect on the differentiation of glial cells and the repair of glial scars.METHODS:Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to three groups:normal group,model group,and acupuncture group.Acupuncture was applied at Renzhong(GV26),Baihui(GV20),Fengfu(GV16),Yamen(GV15)and Hegu(LI4)within 12 h after TBI modeling with a frequency of one session per day for 4 weeks.Neurobehavioral assessment,hematoxylin and eosin staining,immunofluorescence detection,and magnetic resonance imaging scanning were performed on days 3,7,14,and 28 after modeling of traumatic brain injury(TBI).RESULTS:Acupuncture promoted the proliferation of glial cells and glial scars at an early stage but inhibited the proliferation of glial cells and glial scars at a late stage.Morphological observations and immunofluorescence histochemistry showed that the morphology of the perilesional cortex in the acupuncture group was improved and the number of neurons was increased when compared with the model group.The lesion size of ipsilateral brain parenchyma in the acupuncture group was smaller than in the model group on days 7,14,and 28(P<0.05)after TBI modeling.CONCLUSIONS:Acupuncture might have a bidirectional regulatory effect on glial scar repair after TBI by promoting the proliferation of glial cells and glial scars to limit the injured area and relieve nerve injury during the early stages,and by inhibiting glial scar hyperplasia to benefit the regeneration and repair of neurons and axons and promote neurological function recovery during the later stages.展开更多
Listeria monocytogenes,one of the most important foodborne pathogens,can cause listeriosis,a lethal disease for humans.L.ivanovii,which is closely related to L.monocytogenes,is also widely distributed in nature and in...Listeria monocytogenes,one of the most important foodborne pathogens,can cause listeriosis,a lethal disease for humans.L.ivanovii,which is closely related to L.monocytogenes,is also widely distributed in nature and infects mainly warm-blooded ruminants,causing economic loss.Thus,there are high priority needs for methodologies for rapid,specific,cost-effective and accurate detection,characterization and subtyping of L.monocytogenes and L.ivanovii in foods and environmental sources.In this review,we(A)described L.monocytogenes and L.ivanovii,world-wide incidence of listeriosis,and prevalence of various L.monocytogenes strains in food and environmental sources;(B)comprehensively reviewed different types of traditional and newly developed methodologies,including culture-based,antigen/antibody-based,LOOP-mediated isothermal amplification,matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry,DNA microarray,and genomic sequencing for detection and characterization of L.monocytogenes in foods and environmental sources;(C)comprehensively summarized different subtyping methodologies,including pulsed-field gel electrophoresis,multi-locus sequence typing,ribotyping,and phage-typing,and whole genomic sequencing etc.for subtyping of L.monocytogenes strains from food and environmental sources;and(D)described the applications of these methodologies in detection and subtyping of L.monocytogenes in foods and food processing facilities.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupoint application therapies(AA)for hypertension.METHODS:We searched Pub Med,EMBASE,the Cochrane Center Controlled Trials Register,Chinese National Knowledge Infrastr...OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupoint application therapies(AA)for hypertension.METHODS:We searched Pub Med,EMBASE,the Cochrane Center Controlled Trials Register,Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure,Chinese Scientific Journal Database,and Wanfang Med Online Database from their inceptions to October 7,2019.No language restriction was applied.We included randomized clinical trials testing AA against Western Medicine,AA versus placebo,AA combined with Western Medicine versus Western Medicine.Study selection,data extraction,quality assessment,and data analyses were conducted according to the Cochrane standards.RESULTS:Totally 41 trials with 3772 participants were included.The methodological quality of the included trials was evaluated as generally low.AA plus Western Medicine significantly lowered systolic blood pressure(BP)[weighted mean difference(WMD):-10.36,95%confidence intervals(CI):-12.62,-8.10;P<0.00001],diastolic BP(WMD:-5.71,95%CI:-7.30,-4.13;P<0.00001),and total effect[risk ratio(RR):1.23,95%CI:1.15,1.32;P<0.00001].The BP-lowering effect of AA was significantly higher than that of placebo[systolic BP(SBP):-8.05,95%CI:-8.67,-7.43;P<0.00001;diastolic BP(DBP):-6.66,95%CI:-7.31,-6.01,P<0.00001].The total effect also improved significantly from baseline with AA than placebo(RR:10.85,95%CI:4.71,24.98;P<0.00001).Traditional Chinese Medicine symptoms score were significantly reduced by AA compared with Western Medicine(WMD:-1.75,95%CI:-2.52,-0.99;P<0.00001),10 trials reported adverse events,indicating that the safety of SSYX Capsule is still uncertain.CONCLUSIONS:Application therapies may be considered a safe and beneficial for the treatment of hypertension and can reduce BP and improve the total effect.Further well-designed trials are needed to support our conclusions.展开更多
This paper reports the first population ecology study of the endangered Magnolia sargentiana Rehder ＆ Wilson （Magnoliaceae）. Magnolia sargentiana is a protected species in China, but little is known about its prese...This paper reports the first population ecology study of the endangered Magnolia sargentiana Rehder ＆ Wilson （Magnoliaceae）. Magnolia sargentiana is a protected species in China, but little is known about its present status in the field. In 2007 and 2008, we surveyed the population and conservation status ofM. sargentiana in the Provincial Mamize Nature Reserve and the National Meigu Dafengding Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province, southwestern China. Natural regeneration is poor because of unfavorable environmental conditions and anthropogenic disturbances. Flower buds and bark ofM. sargentiana are used in traditional Chinese medicine and their collection by local people over the period 1983-1994 has led to marked population declines. The collection of flower buds and bark is now banned, but hewing branches for firewood and grazing continues to have a negative impact on the recovery of M. sargentiana populations. To protect the species, we require a ban on hewing branches, closure of primary forests to reduce the impact of humans and ungulates, better education of local people, and increased awareness of wildlife conservation.展开更多
BACKGROUND Patients with trisomy 8 consistently present with myeloid neoplasms and/or auto-inflammatory syndrome.A possible link between myelodysplastic syndromes(MDS)with trisomy 8(+8-MDS)and inflammatory disorders i...BACKGROUND Patients with trisomy 8 consistently present with myeloid neoplasms and/or auto-inflammatory syndrome.A possible link between myelodysplastic syndromes(MDS)with trisomy 8(+8-MDS)and inflammatory disorders is well recognized,several cases having been reported.However,inflammatory disorders in patients without MDS have been largely overlooked.Generally,Behçet's disease is the most common type in+8-MDS.However,inflammatory disorders with pulmonary involvement are less frequent,and no effective treatment has been established.CASE SUMMARY A 27-year-old man with recurrent fever,fatigue for>2 mo,and unconsciousness for 1 day was admitted to our emergency department with a provisional diagnosis of severe pneumonia.Vancomycin and imipenem were administered and sputum collected for metagenomic next-generation sequencing.Epstein–Barr virus and Mycobacterium kansasii were detected.Additionally,chromosomal analysis showed duplications on chromosome 8.Two days later,repeat metagenomic next-generation sequencing was performed with blood culture.Cordyceps portugal,M.kansasii,and Candida portugal were detected,and duplications on chromosome 8 confirmed.Suspecting hematological disease,we aspirated a bone marrow sample from the iliac spine,examination of which showed evidence of infection.We added fluconazole as further antibiotic therapy.Seven days later,the patient’s condition had not improved,prompting addition of methylprednisolone as an anti-inflammatory agent.Fortunately,this treatment was effective and the patient eventually recovered.CONCLUSION Severe inflammatory disorders with pulmonary involvement can occur in patients with trisomy 8.Methylprednisolone may be an effective treatment.展开更多
With the rapid development of globalization and information&communication technology(ICT),the unprecedented urban development has brought humankind into an era of“planetary urbanization”,and the parallel situati...With the rapid development of globalization and information&communication technology(ICT),the unprecedented urban development has brought humankind into an era of“planetary urbanization”,and the parallel situation of mobility and instability is increasingly prominent(Lewis and Maslin,2015;Dryzek,2016;Steffen et al.,2018;Elmqvist et al.展开更多
Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the efficiency and effectiveness of picture archiving and communication system(PACS) workstation in detecting enhancement pattern of peripheral bronchogenic carcinoma. ...Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the efficiency and effectiveness of picture archiving and communication system(PACS) workstation in detecting enhancement pattern of peripheral bronchogenic carcinoma. Methods: The 62 patients with peripheral bronchogenic carcinoma underwent two-phase contrast material-enhanced multislices computed tomography(MSCT) of the chest in a single-breath-hold technique. Two spiral CT scans were obtained at 25 s and 90 s respectively after nonionic contrast material was administrated via the antecubital vein at a rate of 4 m L/s by using an autoinjector. Precontrast and postcontrast attenuation on every scan were measured on PACS and CT workstations respectively and peak height was calculated. Enhancement pattern was evaluated on the image obtained at 90 s after injection of contrast medium on PACS and CT workstations respectively. Results: No statistically significant difference in precontrast attenuation, postcontrast attenuation at 25 s and 90 s was found between these measured on a PACS workstation [(40.21 ± 7.03) HU;(55.53 ± 11.09) HU;(75.95 ± 13.45) HU] and those [(39.01 ± 8.95) HU;(56.01 ± 10.91) HU;(76.03 ± 11.95) HU] on a CT workstation(t = 1.140, P = 0.256 > 0.05; t = 1.580, P = 0.149 > 0.05; t = 1.505, P = 0.150﹥0.05). The peak height that calculated on a PACS workstation was 35.74 HU(20 HU). There was not statistically significant difference in peak height between that calculated on a PACS workstation and that on a CT workstation [(37.02 ± 12.05) HU; t = 2.001, P = 0.099 > 0.05]. The tumors showed same enhancement pattern on PACS workstation and CT workstation. Of the 62 cases, 38 showed homogeneous enhancement, 17 showed heterogeneous enhancement, five showed peripheral enhancement, two showed central enhancement, at 90 s. The enhancement pattern revealed on PACS workstation was consistent with feature of peripheral bronchogenic carcinoma. Conclusion: The efficiency and effectiveness of PACS workstation is as same as those of CT workstation in detecting enhancement pattern of peripheral bronchogenic carcinoma.展开更多
<strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose is to formulate treatment strategies of batches of the wounded and partial first-aid procedures, and further improve the emergency rescue capability of hospitals. &l...<strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose is to formulate treatment strategies of batches of the wounded and partial first-aid procedures, and further improve the emergency rescue capability of hospitals. <strong>Methods: </strong>This study analyzed the emergency treatment case that we participated in. In this case, we used various means to start the emergency plan, run the emergency procedures, optimize diagnosis, treatment, and rescue procedures, mobilize medical rescue resources, provide a reference for emergency command decisions, formulate a set of coping strategies of tertiary general hospitals on public emergencies. <strong>Results:</strong> Through the scientific and effective management of our hospital, 20 wounded have been discharged from the hospital and achieved the ideal effect of zero deaths in the hospital. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> The new mode of first-aid and health emergency management on the scene of modern disaster needs to find ways to minimize the loss of life and property brought by public emergencies, integrate the various sections of modern disaster medicine, integrate a large number of international and domestic basic and clinical research achievements of disaster first-aid, and upgrade to information, digital system.展开更多
Objective: To observe the therapeutic effect of round-sharp needle for prolapse of lumbar intervertebral disc. Methods: A total of 80 cases of lumbar intervertebral disc prolapse were treated by puncturing Qihaishu (...Objective: To observe the therapeutic effect of round-sharp needle for prolapse of lumbar intervertebral disc. Methods: A total of 80 cases of lumbar intervertebral disc prolapse were treated by puncturing Qihaishu (气海俞 BL 24), Guanyuanshu (关元俞 BL 26), etc., with round-sharp needle, once every week, continuously for 4 sessions. Results: After the treatment, of the 80 cases, 56 (70 %) were cured, 16 (20%) improved,and 8 (10)%) failed, with an effective rate of 90%. Conclusion: Round-sharp needle works well in the treatment of prolapse of lumbar intervertebral disc.展开更多
Direct catalytic conversion of methane to benzene at non-oxidative condition is considered as one of key reac-tions for constitution of sustainable carbon-cycling processes,since either biomethane or CO_(2)-based synt...Direct catalytic conversion of methane to benzene at non-oxidative condition is considered as one of key reac-tions for constitution of sustainable carbon-cycling processes,since either biomethane or CO_(2)-based synthetic methane can serve as its feed source.While this concern may motivate many researchers over the world to make their continuous effort to gain deep insight into the catalytic mechanism of this catalysis system and the essential cause of the catalyst deactivation,successful development of a catalyst with high performance,enhanced coking resistance and long-term operating stability will be the key to its industrial application.Here in this review pa-per,we demonstrate the high catalytic activity and stability of our two shaped Mo/HZSM-5 catalysts developed respectively for fixed-bed and fluidized-bed operations at severe reaction conditions.Thermodynamically,a pos-sibly high aromatization temperature is required to attain a desired high benzene formation rate,but adopting such a temperature will certainly accelerate coke formation and catalyst deactivation.Therefore,the focus of the catalyst development was laid on finding various effective ways of suppressing coke accumulation and catalyst deactivation at practically required severe reaction conditions,and much effort was made to attain the purpose.As a result,a highly active and selective pelleted Mo/HZSM-5 catalyst has been successfully developed and was stably run in a fixed-bed reactor under cyclic regeneration operation mode over 1000 h.In parallel a binder-free,fluidizable Mo/HZSM-5 catalyst with certain mechanical strength has also been developed and successfully tested in a dual circulating fluidized-bed reactor system to provide a stable benzene yield of about 12%at 1073 K and 3000 ml/g/h space velocity.展开更多
COVID-19 has tremendously impacted the travel habits of urban residents.This study used the“node-line segment-network”hierarchy and Baidu migration big data to conduct a comparative analysis of the travel network pa...COVID-19 has tremendously impacted the travel habits of urban residents.This study used the“node-line segment-network”hierarchy and Baidu migration big data to conduct a comparative analysis of the travel network patterns of urban people on China’s National Day holiday before and during the COVID-19 outbreak(i.e.,2019 and 2021).The results revealed four interesting patterns:(1)In 2021,there was an increase in the aggregation coefficient and access to the intra-provincial linkage network,indicating a higher degree of the travel agglomeration of residents under the pandemic.(2)In 2021,the“hub-and-spoke”pattern on the national scale,the“core-edge”pattern of the intra-provincial scale and the“rhomboidal”structure of the extra-provincial scale were more contracted,aggregated,and low-value.(3)The coverage of the urban advantageous association decreased while the total numbers of urban clusters and single provincial clusters increased,reaching 25 and 16,respectively.This indicates that the pandemic intensified the effect of administrative boundaries as a barrier.(4)The primary determinants of movement during the pandemic were urban competition,policy control,administrative boundary barriers,and the travel intentions of residents.展开更多
Increasing urban pluvial flood disasters due to climate change and rapid urbanisation have been a great challenge worldwide.Timely and effective emergency evacuation is important for reducing casualties and losses.Thi...Increasing urban pluvial flood disasters due to climate change and rapid urbanisation have been a great challenge worldwide.Timely and effective emergency evacuation is important for reducing casualties and losses.This has become a bottleneck for emergency management.This study aimed to develop a commonly used Agent-Based Mode(ABM)for pluvial flood emergency evacuation at the city scale,exploring the cascading impacts of pluvial flooding on human behaviour and emergency evacuation.The July 2021 pluvial flood event in Zhengzhou,Henan Province,claiming 380 lives and 40.9 billion yuan in direct losses,was selected as this case study.A raster-based hydraulic model(ECNU Flood-Urban)was used to predict flood inundation(extent and depth)during an event in Zhengzhou’s centre.Moreover,a comparative analysis of emergency evacuations was conducted before and after the pluvial flood event.The results showed that crowd behaviour plays an important role in an emergency evacuation,and extensive flooding leads to an 11-83%reduction in the number of evacuees.This study highlights the importance of risk education and contingency plans in emergency response.The ABM model developed in this study is proven to be effective and practical and will provide support for decision-making in urban flood emergency management.展开更多
Based on station precipitation observations,radar quantitative precipitation estimates(QPE), and radar fusion data during Typhoon Fitow(2013), the influence of multisource precipitation data on multiscale urban typhoo...Based on station precipitation observations,radar quantitative precipitation estimates(QPE), and radar fusion data during Typhoon Fitow(2013), the influence of multisource precipitation data on multiscale urban typhoon pluvial flood modeling is studied. Using Shanghai, China,as the study area, a simplified 2D hydrodynamic model is applied to simulations. Combined with actual flood incidents reported by the public and soil moisture data, we perform multiscale verifications and determine the applicability of three precipitation datasets in the modeling. The results are as follows:(1) At the city scale, although QPE have higher spatial resolution, these estimates are lower than station observations. Radar fusion data have both high accuracy and high spatial resolution. For flood depths above 5 cm, the radar fusion precipitation scenario can improve the matching probability by 6%.(2) At the neighborhood scale, the radar fusion precipitation scenario can effectively mitigate the problems of an uneven spatial distribution of stations and a weak QPE to accurately capture pluvial details.(3)One fixed-point assessment shows that different precipitation data have little influence on the temporal characteristics of the modeling result-all three types of data can accurately reflect flood occurrence times. This work can provide a scientific basis for constructing effective urban pluvial flood monitoring systems.展开更多
The aim of this research was to investigate the variations of P50 auditory sensory gating(P50)in normal healthy adults and the first onset schizophrenics.By using the American Nicolet Bravo electromyography/evoked pot...The aim of this research was to investigate the variations of P50 auditory sensory gating(P50)in normal healthy adults and the first onset schizophrenics.By using the American Nicolet Bravo electromyography/evoked potential(EMG/EP)system,P50 was measured with conditioning-testing paradigm(paired-click stimuli S1 and S2 were used)in 58 first onset schizophrenics and 108 healthy adults,and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS)was applied.The following three conclusions have been reached.(1)In normal control(NC)group,measured from central,anterior and posterior zone(Cz,Fz and Pz respectively),there were no statistical differences(P>0.05)between S1 and S2 evoked P50 peak latencies(S1-P50 and S2-P50);the ampli-tudes of S2-P50[(2.2P1.4),(2.3P1.5)and(2.1P1.4)μV respectively]reduced significantly as compared with S1-P50[(5.6P3.3),(5.6P3.9)and(4.9P2.8)μV respectively](P<0.01);the S2/S1 ration,S1-S2 difference,and 100(1-S2/S1)had no statistical differences(P>0.05).(2)Compared with NC,the schizophrenic group significantly showed lower S1-P50 amplitudes(P<0.01,except at Pz in whichZ=2.030,P=0.042),higher S2-P50 amplitudes,higher S2/S1 ratio,lower S1-S2 difference,and more decreased 100(1-S2/S1)(P<0.01)at Cz,Fz and Pz.(3)No significant correlations were found among S2/S1 ratio,S1-S2,100(1-S2/S1)of sen-sory gating and PANSS(P>0.05)in schizophrenic group.The first onset schizophrenics had sensory gating deficits,which could be quantified by P50.展开更多
文摘Objective:HIV has infected approximately 75 million people worldwide with over half dying from AIDS-related diseases.This study aimed to determine individuals'willingness to pay(WTP)for future HIV vaccines.Methods:A cross sectional study was conducted in December 2022 in Southern Vietnam with 1675 face-to-face interviews.WTP was determined using the contingent valuation method with two bidding games under three vaccine efficacy scenarios(high,medium,low)for both self-vaccination and child vaccination.Results:Among 1655 valid respondents,553 were willing to pay for their children's vaccination.Overall,the WTP of adults for the HIV vaccine was(4961264±3793652)VND(23700 VND=1 US dollar).The WTP of parents is(4947799±4930721)VND for self-vaccination and(4865399±4064567)VND for vaccinating their children.Average WTP decreased with lower vaccine efficacy and lower bid prices.Education level,marital status,occupation,and monthly income were significantly associated with WTP for all vaccination types.Conclusions:In this study,high WTP rates and numerous individuals willing to pay for HIV vaccines were found.These findings can help decision-makers understand factors influencing WTP for future HIV vaccines and provide evidence for developing funding programs and budgeting plans for introducing such vaccines in Vietnam.
基金Major Program of National Social Science Foundation of China,No.19ZDA086。
文摘The advent of a mobile society has led to profound changes in China’s traditional rural-urban pattern and called for new strategies for urban and rural governance.Based on a macro perspective of temporal and spatial evolution,this study analyzes the historical logics of rural-urban governance,explores the geographical patterns of challenges in China’s rural-urban governance,and finally puts forward targeted strategies for rural-urban governance toward integrated and sustainable development in China.From the historical perspective,the urban originates from the rural,and the connotation of rural,that is,a regional-scale outlook,rural-urban relations,and sociocultural interaction,forms the traditional approach to rural-urban governance.China’s rural-urban governance has evolved from antagonism toward integration.In terms of theoretical development,the turn toward mobility is an important driving factor shaping and promoting the transformation of research focus on rural-urban governance.The mobility of urban and rural factors has especially in recent decades brought extensive challenges for governance,which are highlighted by the disintegration of the stability of rural and urban structures,growing regional disparities in rural education levels,and serious aging and hollowing crises in rural areas.We therefore propose that rural-urban governance should give sufficient consideration to the convergence of wider interests;realize social potential through institutional,cultural and spatial restructuring;and attach importance to collaborative development and governance.And the transfer of rural problems to urban areas should be paid attention to by rural-urban governance.This research enriches the knowledge regarding the logics and patterns of China’s rural-urban governance from an interdisciplinary perspective.It is also helpful in the promotion of rural-urban integration and sustainable development,especially at a time when the mobility of social factors between rural areas and urban areas increasingly challenges traditional urban and rural governance and drives its evolution.
基金supported by the National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China (No. 40730529, 40501078)the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-YW-419)the Department of Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province (No. 2005C13001)
文摘Based on a 2-D hydrodynamic model, a vertically integrated eutrophication model was developed. The physical sub-model can be used for calculation of water density at different depths, and the water quality sub-model was used for calculation of algal growth. The cohesive and non-cohesive sediments were simulated separately with different methods. The light extinction coefficient used in the underwater light regime sub-model was linearly related to the sum of sediment and phytoplankton biomass. Some components less important to the model were simplified to improve practicability and calculation efficiency. Using field data from Fuchunjiang Reservoir, we calculated the sensitivity of ecological parameters included in this model and validated the model. The results of sensitivity analysis showed that the parameters strongly influenced the phytoplankton biomass, including phytoplankton maximum growth rate, respiration rate, non-predatory mortality rate, settling rate, zooplankton maximum filtration rate, specific extinction coefficient for suspended solids and sediment oxygen demand rate. The model was calibrated by adjusting these parameters. Total chlorophyll α （chl-α） concentrations at different layers in the water column were reproduced very well by the model simulations. The simulated chl-α values were positively correlated to the measured values with Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.92. The mean difference between measured and simulated chl-α concentrations was 12% of the measured chl-α concentration. Measured and simulated DO concentrations were also positively correlated （r = 0.74） and the mean difference was 4% of measured DO concentrations. The successful validation of model indicated that it would be very useful in water quality management and algal bloom prediction in Fuchunjiang Reservoir and a good tool for water quality regulation of other fiver-style reservoirs.
文摘Gonadotropin-releasing hormone （GnRH） is secreted from neurons within the hypothalamus and is necessary for reproductive function in all vertebrates. GnRH is also found in organs outside of the brain and plays an important role in Leydig cell steroidogenesis in the testis. However, the signalling pathways mediating this function remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated whether components of the mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） pathways are involved in GnRH agonist （GnRHa）-induced testis steroidogenesis in rat Leydig cells. Primary cultures of rat Leydig cells were established. The expression of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase （3β-HSD） and the production of testosterone in response to GnRHa were examined at different doses and for different durations by RT-PCR, Western blot analysis and radioimmunoassay （RIA）. The effects of GnRHa on ERK1/2, JNK and p38 kinase activation were also investigated in the presence or absence of the MAPK inhibitor PD-98059 by Western blot analysis. GnRHa induced testosterone production and upregulated 3β-HSD expression at both the mRNA and protein levels; it also activated ERK1/2, but not JNK and p38 kinase. Although the maximum effects of GnRHa were observed at a concentration of 100 nmnol L-1 after 24 h, activation of ERKI/2 by GnRHa reached peak at 5 min and it returned to the basal level within 60 min. PD-98059 completely blocked the activation of ERKI/2, the upregulation of 3β-HSD and testosterone production. Our data show that GnRH positively regulates steroidogenesis via ERK signalling in rat Leydig cells. ERK1/2 activation by GnRH may be responsible for the induction of 3β-HSDgene expression and enzyme production, which may ultimately modulate steroidogenesis in rat Leydig cells.
基金The Third Xinjiang Scientific Expedition Program,No.2021xjkk0905National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41971209,No.41571151,No.41901186。
文摘Studies investigating innovation networks shaped by large innovative enterprises(LI-ENTs),which play a very important role in intercity diffusion of technology and knowledge,are rather thin on the ground.Using location information of LI-ENTs in China,we performed a headquarter-branch analysis to generate intercity innovation linkages and analyzed the patterns and dynamics of the generated network of knowledge diffusion.Although the network covers 353 cities across China,its spatial distribution is extremely uneven,with a few cities and city-dyads dominating the structure of the network.Furthermore,intercity linkages of innovation within and of urban agglomerations,as well as their central cities,stand out.With regard to network dynamics,the economic development level,innovation ability,and administrative level of cities,as well as the geographical,institutional,and technological proximity between cities are all found to have a positive impact on intercity linkages of innovations,whilst the impact of FDI on the national distribution of Chinese innovative enterprises is negative.Most importantly,the status of cities within the urban agglomeration exerts a significant positive effect in relation to the innovative enterprises’expansions,which reflects that the top-down forces of government and the bottom-up forces of market function together.
文摘Listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen responsible for listeriosis,a fatal disease.It is widely distributed in various foods and environmental sources.In this review,we focused on addressing PCR-based technologies,including conventional PCR,qPCR and droplet digital PCR(ddPCR).Specifically,we described(a)conventional PCR and mono-,duplex-and multiplex-qPCR methodologies;(b)development and applications of gene HlyA-,Iap-,PrfA–and SsrA-based conventional and qPCR assays as well as PCR assays targeting newly identified gene targets for specific detection of L.monocytogenes;differentiation of viable from dead L.monocytogenes by qPCR in conjugation with propidium monoazide pretreatment;PCR-based serotype identification of L.monocytogenes isolates;PCR-based detection of L.ivanovii,infecting ruminants,differentiation of L.monocytogenes from other Listeria species;and sigB-gene based PCR identification of Listeria spp;(c)applications of ddPCR in detection of L.monocytogenes;and(d)application of qPCR assays in detection and subtyping of L.monocytogenes in milk and dairy products;meats,meat products and meat-processing environment;and seafood,seafood products and processing environment.Our goal was to provide a relatively comprehensive overview of PCR-based methodologies available in detection,characterization and subtyping of various strains of L.monocytogenes in foods and environmental sources.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China:Explore the Effect and Mechanism of Acupuncture for Neuroinflammation and Glial Scars After Traumatic Brain Injury Based on the Signaling Pathway of TLR2/4-NFκB(No.81574066)National Natural Science Foundation of China:Explore the Effect of Acupuncture on Brain Function Remodeling and the Benign Bidirectional Regulation to Autophagy After TBI(No.81873362)+4 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China:Basing on the Theory of Bidirectional Benign Regulation to Investigate the Mechanism of Acupuncture Regulating Microglia-mediated Immune Imbalance to Promote Nerve Repair After TBI(No.82174483)National Natural Science Foundation of China:Based on Iron Metabolic Pathway to Explore the Mechanism of Electroacupuncture Inhibits Ferroptosis to Reduce TBI Nerve Injury(No.82205249)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation:the Effect and Mechanism of Electroacupuncture in Promoting Neural Function Repair by Regulating Iron Metabolism in Neurons of TBI Rats(2022M710912)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province:the Effect and Mechanism of Acupuncture on the Linkage of Neuron Autophagy and Apoptosis after TBI Based on PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway(2021A1515011219)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province:the Effect and Mechanism of Acupuncture on Microglial Polarization Mediated Immune Homeostasis After TBI Based on TREM2/STAT6/NFκB Signaling Pathway(2021A1515110146)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To explore the underlying mechanism of acupuncture on nerve repair by investigating its effect on the differentiation of glial cells and the repair of glial scars.METHODS:Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to three groups:normal group,model group,and acupuncture group.Acupuncture was applied at Renzhong(GV26),Baihui(GV20),Fengfu(GV16),Yamen(GV15)and Hegu(LI4)within 12 h after TBI modeling with a frequency of one session per day for 4 weeks.Neurobehavioral assessment,hematoxylin and eosin staining,immunofluorescence detection,and magnetic resonance imaging scanning were performed on days 3,7,14,and 28 after modeling of traumatic brain injury(TBI).RESULTS:Acupuncture promoted the proliferation of glial cells and glial scars at an early stage but inhibited the proliferation of glial cells and glial scars at a late stage.Morphological observations and immunofluorescence histochemistry showed that the morphology of the perilesional cortex in the acupuncture group was improved and the number of neurons was increased when compared with the model group.The lesion size of ipsilateral brain parenchyma in the acupuncture group was smaller than in the model group on days 7,14,and 28(P<0.05)after TBI modeling.CONCLUSIONS:Acupuncture might have a bidirectional regulatory effect on glial scar repair after TBI by promoting the proliferation of glial cells and glial scars to limit the injured area and relieve nerve injury during the early stages,and by inhibiting glial scar hyperplasia to benefit the regeneration and repair of neurons and axons and promote neurological function recovery during the later stages.
文摘Listeria monocytogenes,one of the most important foodborne pathogens,can cause listeriosis,a lethal disease for humans.L.ivanovii,which is closely related to L.monocytogenes,is also widely distributed in nature and infects mainly warm-blooded ruminants,causing economic loss.Thus,there are high priority needs for methodologies for rapid,specific,cost-effective and accurate detection,characterization and subtyping of L.monocytogenes and L.ivanovii in foods and environmental sources.In this review,we(A)described L.monocytogenes and L.ivanovii,world-wide incidence of listeriosis,and prevalence of various L.monocytogenes strains in food and environmental sources;(B)comprehensively reviewed different types of traditional and newly developed methodologies,including culture-based,antigen/antibody-based,LOOP-mediated isothermal amplification,matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry,DNA microarray,and genomic sequencing for detection and characterization of L.monocytogenes in foods and environmental sources;(C)comprehensively summarized different subtyping methodologies,including pulsed-field gel electrophoresis,multi-locus sequence typing,ribotyping,and phage-typing,and whole genomic sequencing etc.for subtyping of L.monocytogenes strains from food and environmental sources;and(D)described the applications of these methodologies in detection and subtyping of L.monocytogenes in foods and food processing facilities.
基金Supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Molecular Mechanisms of Bushen Jiangya Decoction on Hypertensive Renal Damage Based on mi R-21 Induced TGFβ/Smad Signal Pathway 7194277)Key Medical Professional Development Program Fund of Beijing Municipal Hospital Administration(ZYLX201817)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupoint application therapies(AA)for hypertension.METHODS:We searched Pub Med,EMBASE,the Cochrane Center Controlled Trials Register,Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure,Chinese Scientific Journal Database,and Wanfang Med Online Database from their inceptions to October 7,2019.No language restriction was applied.We included randomized clinical trials testing AA against Western Medicine,AA versus placebo,AA combined with Western Medicine versus Western Medicine.Study selection,data extraction,quality assessment,and data analyses were conducted according to the Cochrane standards.RESULTS:Totally 41 trials with 3772 participants were included.The methodological quality of the included trials was evaluated as generally low.AA plus Western Medicine significantly lowered systolic blood pressure(BP)[weighted mean difference(WMD):-10.36,95%confidence intervals(CI):-12.62,-8.10;P<0.00001],diastolic BP(WMD:-5.71,95%CI:-7.30,-4.13;P<0.00001),and total effect[risk ratio(RR):1.23,95%CI:1.15,1.32;P<0.00001].The BP-lowering effect of AA was significantly higher than that of placebo[systolic BP(SBP):-8.05,95%CI:-8.67,-7.43;P<0.00001;diastolic BP(DBP):-6.66,95%CI:-7.31,-6.01,P<0.00001].The total effect also improved significantly from baseline with AA than placebo(RR:10.85,95%CI:4.71,24.98;P<0.00001).Traditional Chinese Medicine symptoms score were significantly reduced by AA compared with Western Medicine(WMD:-1.75,95%CI:-2.52,-0.99;P<0.00001),10 trials reported adverse events,indicating that the safety of SSYX Capsule is still uncertain.CONCLUSIONS:Application therapies may be considered a safe and beneficial for the treatment of hypertension and can reduce BP and improve the total effect.Further well-designed trials are needed to support our conclusions.
基金funded by the Foundation Franklinia of Belgium and the 111 Project of China(no.B08037).
文摘This paper reports the first population ecology study of the endangered Magnolia sargentiana Rehder ＆ Wilson （Magnoliaceae）. Magnolia sargentiana is a protected species in China, but little is known about its present status in the field. In 2007 and 2008, we surveyed the population and conservation status ofM. sargentiana in the Provincial Mamize Nature Reserve and the National Meigu Dafengding Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province, southwestern China. Natural regeneration is poor because of unfavorable environmental conditions and anthropogenic disturbances. Flower buds and bark ofM. sargentiana are used in traditional Chinese medicine and their collection by local people over the period 1983-1994 has led to marked population declines. The collection of flower buds and bark is now banned, but hewing branches for firewood and grazing continues to have a negative impact on the recovery of M. sargentiana populations. To protect the species, we require a ban on hewing branches, closure of primary forests to reduce the impact of humans and ungulates, better education of local people, and increased awareness of wildlife conservation.
基金Major Project of Jinhua Science and Technology Bureaun,No.2021-3-025。
文摘BACKGROUND Patients with trisomy 8 consistently present with myeloid neoplasms and/or auto-inflammatory syndrome.A possible link between myelodysplastic syndromes(MDS)with trisomy 8(+8-MDS)and inflammatory disorders is well recognized,several cases having been reported.However,inflammatory disorders in patients without MDS have been largely overlooked.Generally,Behçet's disease is the most common type in+8-MDS.However,inflammatory disorders with pulmonary involvement are less frequent,and no effective treatment has been established.CASE SUMMARY A 27-year-old man with recurrent fever,fatigue for>2 mo,and unconsciousness for 1 day was admitted to our emergency department with a provisional diagnosis of severe pneumonia.Vancomycin and imipenem were administered and sputum collected for metagenomic next-generation sequencing.Epstein–Barr virus and Mycobacterium kansasii were detected.Additionally,chromosomal analysis showed duplications on chromosome 8.Two days later,repeat metagenomic next-generation sequencing was performed with blood culture.Cordyceps portugal,M.kansasii,and Candida portugal were detected,and duplications on chromosome 8 confirmed.Suspecting hematological disease,we aspirated a bone marrow sample from the iliac spine,examination of which showed evidence of infection.We added fluconazole as further antibiotic therapy.Seven days later,the patient’s condition had not improved,prompting addition of methylprednisolone as an anti-inflammatory agent.Fortunately,this treatment was effective and the patient eventually recovered.CONCLUSION Severe inflammatory disorders with pulmonary involvement can occur in patients with trisomy 8.Methylprednisolone may be an effective treatment.
基金Major Program of National Social Science Foundation of China,No.19ZDA086。
文摘With the rapid development of globalization and information&communication technology(ICT),the unprecedented urban development has brought humankind into an era of“planetary urbanization”,and the parallel situation of mobility and instability is increasingly prominent(Lewis and Maslin,2015;Dryzek,2016;Steffen et al.,2018;Elmqvist et al.
文摘Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the efficiency and effectiveness of picture archiving and communication system(PACS) workstation in detecting enhancement pattern of peripheral bronchogenic carcinoma. Methods: The 62 patients with peripheral bronchogenic carcinoma underwent two-phase contrast material-enhanced multislices computed tomography(MSCT) of the chest in a single-breath-hold technique. Two spiral CT scans were obtained at 25 s and 90 s respectively after nonionic contrast material was administrated via the antecubital vein at a rate of 4 m L/s by using an autoinjector. Precontrast and postcontrast attenuation on every scan were measured on PACS and CT workstations respectively and peak height was calculated. Enhancement pattern was evaluated on the image obtained at 90 s after injection of contrast medium on PACS and CT workstations respectively. Results: No statistically significant difference in precontrast attenuation, postcontrast attenuation at 25 s and 90 s was found between these measured on a PACS workstation [(40.21 ± 7.03) HU;(55.53 ± 11.09) HU;(75.95 ± 13.45) HU] and those [(39.01 ± 8.95) HU;(56.01 ± 10.91) HU;(76.03 ± 11.95) HU] on a CT workstation(t = 1.140, P = 0.256 > 0.05; t = 1.580, P = 0.149 > 0.05; t = 1.505, P = 0.150﹥0.05). The peak height that calculated on a PACS workstation was 35.74 HU(20 HU). There was not statistically significant difference in peak height between that calculated on a PACS workstation and that on a CT workstation [(37.02 ± 12.05) HU; t = 2.001, P = 0.099 > 0.05]. The tumors showed same enhancement pattern on PACS workstation and CT workstation. Of the 62 cases, 38 showed homogeneous enhancement, 17 showed heterogeneous enhancement, five showed peripheral enhancement, two showed central enhancement, at 90 s. The enhancement pattern revealed on PACS workstation was consistent with feature of peripheral bronchogenic carcinoma. Conclusion: The efficiency and effectiveness of PACS workstation is as same as those of CT workstation in detecting enhancement pattern of peripheral bronchogenic carcinoma.
文摘<strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose is to formulate treatment strategies of batches of the wounded and partial first-aid procedures, and further improve the emergency rescue capability of hospitals. <strong>Methods: </strong>This study analyzed the emergency treatment case that we participated in. In this case, we used various means to start the emergency plan, run the emergency procedures, optimize diagnosis, treatment, and rescue procedures, mobilize medical rescue resources, provide a reference for emergency command decisions, formulate a set of coping strategies of tertiary general hospitals on public emergencies. <strong>Results:</strong> Through the scientific and effective management of our hospital, 20 wounded have been discharged from the hospital and achieved the ideal effect of zero deaths in the hospital. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> The new mode of first-aid and health emergency management on the scene of modern disaster needs to find ways to minimize the loss of life and property brought by public emergencies, integrate the various sections of modern disaster medicine, integrate a large number of international and domestic basic and clinical research achievements of disaster first-aid, and upgrade to information, digital system.
文摘Objective: To observe the therapeutic effect of round-sharp needle for prolapse of lumbar intervertebral disc. Methods: A total of 80 cases of lumbar intervertebral disc prolapse were treated by puncturing Qihaishu (气海俞 BL 24), Guanyuanshu (关元俞 BL 26), etc., with round-sharp needle, once every week, continuously for 4 sessions. Results: After the treatment, of the 80 cases, 56 (70 %) were cured, 16 (20%) improved,and 8 (10)%) failed, with an effective rate of 90%. Conclusion: Round-sharp needle works well in the treatment of prolapse of lumbar intervertebral disc.
文摘Direct catalytic conversion of methane to benzene at non-oxidative condition is considered as one of key reac-tions for constitution of sustainable carbon-cycling processes,since either biomethane or CO_(2)-based synthetic methane can serve as its feed source.While this concern may motivate many researchers over the world to make their continuous effort to gain deep insight into the catalytic mechanism of this catalysis system and the essential cause of the catalyst deactivation,successful development of a catalyst with high performance,enhanced coking resistance and long-term operating stability will be the key to its industrial application.Here in this review pa-per,we demonstrate the high catalytic activity and stability of our two shaped Mo/HZSM-5 catalysts developed respectively for fixed-bed and fluidized-bed operations at severe reaction conditions.Thermodynamically,a pos-sibly high aromatization temperature is required to attain a desired high benzene formation rate,but adopting such a temperature will certainly accelerate coke formation and catalyst deactivation.Therefore,the focus of the catalyst development was laid on finding various effective ways of suppressing coke accumulation and catalyst deactivation at practically required severe reaction conditions,and much effort was made to attain the purpose.As a result,a highly active and selective pelleted Mo/HZSM-5 catalyst has been successfully developed and was stably run in a fixed-bed reactor under cyclic regeneration operation mode over 1000 h.In parallel a binder-free,fluidizable Mo/HZSM-5 catalyst with certain mechanical strength has also been developed and successfully tested in a dual circulating fluidized-bed reactor system to provide a stable benzene yield of about 12%at 1073 K and 3000 ml/g/h space velocity.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(42271252,42230510,42371253)The Theme Academic Activities of National Social Science Foundation Academic Societies(22STA021)。
文摘COVID-19 has tremendously impacted the travel habits of urban residents.This study used the“node-line segment-network”hierarchy and Baidu migration big data to conduct a comparative analysis of the travel network patterns of urban people on China’s National Day holiday before and during the COVID-19 outbreak(i.e.,2019 and 2021).The results revealed four interesting patterns:(1)In 2021,there was an increase in the aggregation coefficient and access to the intra-provincial linkage network,indicating a higher degree of the travel agglomeration of residents under the pandemic.(2)In 2021,the“hub-and-spoke”pattern on the national scale,the“core-edge”pattern of the intra-provincial scale and the“rhomboidal”structure of the extra-provincial scale were more contracted,aggregated,and low-value.(3)The coverage of the urban advantageous association decreased while the total numbers of urban clusters and single provincial clusters increased,reaching 25 and 16,respectively.This indicates that the pandemic intensified the effect of administrative boundaries as a barrier.(4)The primary determinants of movement during the pandemic were urban competition,policy control,administrative boundary barriers,and the travel intentions of residents.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41871164)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2018YFC1508803)+2 种基金the Major Program of National Social Science Fund of China(Grant No.18ZDA105)the Shanghai Philosophy and Social Science Planning Program(Grant No.2021XRM005)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2022ECNU-XWK-XK001)。
文摘Increasing urban pluvial flood disasters due to climate change and rapid urbanisation have been a great challenge worldwide.Timely and effective emergency evacuation is important for reducing casualties and losses.This has become a bottleneck for emergency management.This study aimed to develop a commonly used Agent-Based Mode(ABM)for pluvial flood emergency evacuation at the city scale,exploring the cascading impacts of pluvial flooding on human behaviour and emergency evacuation.The July 2021 pluvial flood event in Zhengzhou,Henan Province,claiming 380 lives and 40.9 billion yuan in direct losses,was selected as this case study.A raster-based hydraulic model(ECNU Flood-Urban)was used to predict flood inundation(extent and depth)during an event in Zhengzhou’s centre.Moreover,a comparative analysis of emergency evacuations was conducted before and after the pluvial flood event.The results showed that crowd behaviour plays an important role in an emergency evacuation,and extensive flooding leads to an 11-83%reduction in the number of evacuees.This study highlights the importance of risk education and contingency plans in emergency response.The ABM model developed in this study is proven to be effective and practical and will provide support for decision-making in urban flood emergency management.
基金This study was sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41871164,41806046)the Shanghai Sailing Program(Grant No.21YF1456900)+1 种基金the Shanghai Philosophy and Social Science Planning Program(Grant No.2021XRM005)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2022ECNU-XWK-XK001).
文摘Based on station precipitation observations,radar quantitative precipitation estimates(QPE), and radar fusion data during Typhoon Fitow(2013), the influence of multisource precipitation data on multiscale urban typhoon pluvial flood modeling is studied. Using Shanghai, China,as the study area, a simplified 2D hydrodynamic model is applied to simulations. Combined with actual flood incidents reported by the public and soil moisture data, we perform multiscale verifications and determine the applicability of three precipitation datasets in the modeling. The results are as follows:(1) At the city scale, although QPE have higher spatial resolution, these estimates are lower than station observations. Radar fusion data have both high accuracy and high spatial resolution. For flood depths above 5 cm, the radar fusion precipitation scenario can improve the matching probability by 6%.(2) At the neighborhood scale, the radar fusion precipitation scenario can effectively mitigate the problems of an uneven spatial distribution of stations and a weak QPE to accurately capture pluvial details.(3)One fixed-point assessment shows that different precipitation data have little influence on the temporal characteristics of the modeling result-all three types of data can accurately reflect flood occurrence times. This work can provide a scientific basis for constructing effective urban pluvial flood monitoring systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.0470626).
文摘The aim of this research was to investigate the variations of P50 auditory sensory gating(P50)in normal healthy adults and the first onset schizophrenics.By using the American Nicolet Bravo electromyography/evoked potential(EMG/EP)system,P50 was measured with conditioning-testing paradigm(paired-click stimuli S1 and S2 were used)in 58 first onset schizophrenics and 108 healthy adults,and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS)was applied.The following three conclusions have been reached.(1)In normal control(NC)group,measured from central,anterior and posterior zone(Cz,Fz and Pz respectively),there were no statistical differences(P>0.05)between S1 and S2 evoked P50 peak latencies(S1-P50 and S2-P50);the ampli-tudes of S2-P50[(2.2P1.4),(2.3P1.5)and(2.1P1.4)μV respectively]reduced significantly as compared with S1-P50[(5.6P3.3),(5.6P3.9)and(4.9P2.8)μV respectively](P<0.01);the S2/S1 ration,S1-S2 difference,and 100(1-S2/S1)had no statistical differences(P>0.05).(2)Compared with NC,the schizophrenic group significantly showed lower S1-P50 amplitudes(P<0.01,except at Pz in whichZ=2.030,P=0.042),higher S2-P50 amplitudes,higher S2/S1 ratio,lower S1-S2 difference,and more decreased 100(1-S2/S1)(P<0.01)at Cz,Fz and Pz.(3)No significant correlations were found among S2/S1 ratio,S1-S2,100(1-S2/S1)of sen-sory gating and PANSS(P>0.05)in schizophrenic group.The first onset schizophrenics had sensory gating deficits,which could be quantified by P50.
