A combination of hard(SiCP)and soft(fly ash)particulate reinforcements could be a strategy to enhance combination of multiple properties of Magnesium and its alloys which otherwise suffer from low stiffness,low wear r...A combination of hard(SiCP)and soft(fly ash)particulate reinforcements could be a strategy to enhance combination of multiple properties of Magnesium and its alloys which otherwise suffer from low stiffness,low wear resistance,and many other critical properties.However,at present a comprehensive and robust map correlating different properties in particle-reinforced composites is much lacking.In this work,an industrial grade AZ91 magnesium alloy reinforced with hard SiC and soft fly ash particles(with 3 vol.%each),has been prepared using stir casting followed by hot extrusion at 325℃with a ratio of 21.5.Microstructure of the hybrid composite was characterized using optical and scanning electron microscopes.The composite exhibited a reduction in average grain size from 13.6 to 7.1μm,concomitantly an increase in Vickers hardness from 73 to 111 HV.The tension-compression yield asymmetry ratios of the unreinforced alloy and hybrid composite were 1.165 and 0.976,respectively indicating higher yield strength for the composite under compressive load.The composite exhibited 76%improvement in damping capacity under time sweep mode,and 28%improvement at 423 K under temperature sweep mode.The tribological characteristics of the composite under dry sliding conditions at sliding speeds and loads in the range of 0.5 to 1.5 m s^(-1)and 10 to 30 N,respectively showed higher wear resistance than the unreinforced alloy.The composite showed 23%improvement in sliding wear resistance at a load of 20 N and a speed of 1 m s^(-1).Finally,efforts have been made to understand the influence of one property on the other by developing statistical property correlation maps from the properties obtained in this study and from the literature.These maps are expected to help in the design of hybrid Metal Matrix Composites for a variety of targeted applications in different sectors.展开更多
The current health system in China has evolved by embracing both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine. China is the only country in the world where the number of doctors is larger than the number of nurse...The current health system in China has evolved by embracing both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine. China is the only country in the world where the number of doctors is larger than the number of nurses but education programmes for other health professions like physical therapy have been slow to develop. In the case of physical therapy it was not until China won the bid for the Olympic Games that permission to establish the first physical therapy programme was granted. Since then China has undergone a period of rapid economic growth enabling many people to have a higher standard of living and improved health, but at the same time the country is faced with massive urbanization, industrialization, increasing environmental health threats, increased health disparities and an aging population. With the support of the Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine, an increased investment by the Government in public health and rehabilitation and engagement of international education experts, entry-level education programmes for physical therapy have started to develop and there are now nine which are modeled, at least to some extent, on the World Confederation for Physical Therapy's international guidelines. The paper explores the development of physical therapy education in China and discusses possible options for the way forward so that as the demand for physical therapy to service 1.4 billion people grows, the profession is prepared and the standards expected of the entrylevel physical therapist will not be compromised.展开更多
Mafic-ultramafic magmatic provinces are termed Large Igneous Provinces （LIPs） if they are large （〉10^5 km^3）, are emplaced in a short duration （ca. 〈 5 myr） （or consist of short duration pulses）, and have in...Mafic-ultramafic magmatic provinces are termed Large Igneous Provinces （LIPs） if they are large （〉10^5 km^3）, are emplaced in a short duration （ca. 〈 5 myr） （or consist of short duration pulses）, and have intraplate characteristics （i.e. are not associated with normal plate boundary processes）. This category includes the classic continental flood basalts, oceanic plateaus, bimodal-rift （passive margin） related packages, but also those events, mainly of Phanerozoic-Proterozoic age, where the plumbing system of dykes, sills and layered intrusions has been exposed by erosion. In the Archean, LIPs may be represented by the greenstone belts of the tholeiite-komatiite association. Felsic magmatism is associated with many LIPs and indeed may be dominant in some cases. LIPs are associated with continental breakup, climatic change, extinction events, and major ore deposits especially of the Ni-Cu-PGE type. Continental LIPs occur on average every 20-30 myr since 2.6 Ga; the Archean record is too poorly preserved for generalizations. LIPs occur both as isolated single events （e.g., 2055 Ma Bushveld event）, as approximately coeval but widely separated events （e.g., 65 Ma Deccan and 62 Ma NAIP）, and as regional clusters associated with supercontinent breakup （e.g., the 830-750 Ma events associated with the breakup of the proposed supercontinent Rodinia）. The LIP record represents a key tool for constraining Proterozoic paleocontinental reconstructions.展开更多
To the editor,1.Introduction to new H7N9 bird flu Influenza virus infection is an important group of respiratory infectious disease.Several groups of influenza viruses can cause human infections.However,in the recent ...To the editor,1.Introduction to new H7N9 bird flu Influenza virus infection is an important group of respiratory infectious disease.Several groups of influenza viruses can cause human infections.However,in the recent years,there are many newly emerging influenza infections,which have never been previously seen in human.Crossing species from animal to human lead展开更多
Dehydration of the subducting slab favors the melting of the surrounding mantle. Water content and melt evolution atop a spontaneously retreating subducting slab are reported in a three- dimensional （3-D） model. We ...Dehydration of the subducting slab favors the melting of the surrounding mantle. Water content and melt evolution atop a spontaneously retreating subducting slab are reported in a three- dimensional （3-D） model. We find that fluids, including water and melts in the rocks, vary substantially along the trench, which cannot be found in two-dimensional （2-D） models. Their maxima along the subducting slab are mainly located at about 50 to 70 and 120 to 140 kin. Volumetric melt production rate changes spatially and episodically atop the slab, which may reflect the intensity and variations of volcanoes.展开更多
The three main components of the media layer of the aorta are elastic fibers,collagen fibers and smooth muscle cells(SMC).[1]This layer’s elastic properties are major determinants of its biomechanics in health and di...The three main components of the media layer of the aorta are elastic fibers,collagen fibers and smooth muscle cells(SMC).[1]This layer’s elastic properties are major determinants of its biomechanics in health and disease states.[2,3]Age-related changes in such elastic properties are associated with altered hemodynamic parameters,such as systolic hypertension,[4,5]and end-organ damage,[6,7]and are thought to result from changes of its main components.展开更多
This article explores the boundary layer flow and heat transfer of a viscous nanofluid bounded by a hyperbolically stretching sheet. Effects of Brownian and thermophoretic diffusions on heat transfer and concentration...This article explores the boundary layer flow and heat transfer of a viscous nanofluid bounded by a hyperbolically stretching sheet. Effects of Brownian and thermophoretic diffusions on heat transfer and concentration of nanoparticles are given due attention. The resulting nonlinear problems are computed for analytic and numerical solutions. The effects of Brownian motion and thermophoretic property are found to increase the temperature of the medium and reduce the heat transfer rate. The thermophoretic property thus enriches the concentration while the Brownian motion reduces the concentration of the nanoparticles in the fluid. Opposite effects of these properties are observed on the Sherwood number.展开更多
Zika virus infection becomes the important global problem in the present day. The worldwide distribution of the infection can be seen. The genetic epidemiology study shows that the infection has subgroups of outbreaks...Zika virus infection becomes the important global problem in the present day. The worldwide distribution of the infection can be seen. The genetic epidemiology study shows that the infection has subgroups of outbreaks. The Asian lineage is an interesting group that can be seen in a wide area. In this short article, the authors reappraises on the phylogenetic data of Asian lineage. The study on period, distance and phylogenetic parameter differences among isolated from several countries in the Asia lineage group is done. Based on the present study, the time and place dimnensional analysis can show that the disease distribution should be mainly induced by the international traveling.展开更多
Polysubstance Abuse (PSA) greatly complicates an attempt to implicate a single drug as sole cause of an overdose death. Since PSA now occurs in the majority of cases of drug overdoses, many or most overdose deaths are...Polysubstance Abuse (PSA) greatly complicates an attempt to implicate a single drug as sole cause of an overdose death. Since PSA now occurs in the majority of cases of drug overdoses, many or most overdose deaths are polysubstance overdose deaths. And since many of the substances involved in a polysubstance Overdose Death (POD) are Central Nervous System (CNS) depressants, many of which can cause overdose death themselves, or synergistically with opioids, it is somewhat puzzling that prescription opioids have been singled out as the cause of these deaths—without reference to PSA. This is particularly puzzling in light of the fact that the issues of PSA and POD have been recognized and discussed in the literature since at least the 1960’s and before. We therefore here consider the question: are we facing an “opioid” crisis or, instead, a “polysubstance crisis”? And we wonder if the issue has been over-simplified, to the detriment of the individuals affected, and to society more broadly. There is a need for an “agnostic” respiratory stimulant that can reverse polysubstance-induced respiratory depression.展开更多
Smart process manufacturing is an integral and growing part of modern industrial engineering;it may be most readily characterized as a domain at the intersection of traditional manufacturing and modern, technologicall...Smart process manufacturing is an integral and growing part of modern industrial engineering;it may be most readily characterized as a domain at the intersection of traditional manufacturing and modern, technologically intensive capabilities that address a dynamic and global market. It has long been a goal to reduce the operating cost of the manufacturing process, in addition to improving quality [1] and ensuring timely delivery (traditionally referred to as "quality, cost, delivery" (QCD) [2]). Although QCD has been an outstanding initiative and an evolving management approach for manufacturing industries, new, technologically intensive enablers such as the Internet of Things (IOT), big data analytics, the integration of cyber–physical systems (e.g., digital twins), the use of virtual, augmented, and mixed reality, and the potential for the utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) [3] come together to make these goals achievable on shorter timescales, with greater reliability and flexibility. Product development innovation cycles are increasingly shorter as a result, allowing products to enter the marketplace faster and providing a competitive edge for early-adapting industries. What these technologies actually enable is the ability to efficiently analyze the manufacturing environment, optimize processes faster, and facilitate decision-making based on the accumulated information [4], hence reducing operating risks. This information may then be utilized through a robust enterprise resource planning (ERP) system to close the loop and progressively automate self-optimization of the manufacturing environment.展开更多
Discovery Education digital textbook series help accelerating school districts＇ digital transition in different subjects for K-8 and high school classrooms and related services. We evaluated the impact of using Disco...Discovery Education digital textbook series help accelerating school districts＇ digital transition in different subjects for K-8 and high school classrooms and related services. We evaluated the impact of using Discovery Education digital textbooks on students＇ science, english and math achievement in a large school district in southwest United States.展开更多
<span style="font-family:Verdana;">The </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">“</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">opioid crisis</span><sp...<span style="font-family:Verdana;">The </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">“</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">opioid crisis</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">”</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> has had a tremendous impact not only on its victims, but also on the practice of medicine, pain patients, and society in general. Unfortunately, efforts to “stem the tide” have not been successful at reducing overdose deaths. Counterbalancing the many ardent efforts to eliminate overdose deaths (such as the current widespread availability and use of opioid-receptor antagonists such as naloxone) is influx of the illicit fentanoids (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">i.e</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">., fentanyl and analogs). In addition to their high-potency, the fentanoids differ in surprising ways from more “traditional” opioids such as morphine and heroin. This uniqueness contributes to a reduced effectiveness of opioid receptor antagonists in the treatment of opioid overdose. Further greatly complicating overdose treatment is polysubstance abuse (e.g., an opioid plus a benzodiaze</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">pine). The non-opioid in the combination is not responsive to an opio</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">id-recep</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">- </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">tor antagonist, which imparts additional challenges. Thus, the new reality in</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">troduces complications that negatively impact efforts to reverse </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">“</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">opioid</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">”</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> overdose. New approaches to improve outcomes in individuals who experience </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">respiratory depression due to fentanoid-induced or polysubstance-induced</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> over</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">- </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">dose are needed. Approaches that harmonize with the new reality, perhaps something like a non-opioid </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">“</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">agnostic</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">”</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> pharmacologic ventilatory stimulant, would provide a welcome addition to the current choices.</span>展开更多
The </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">vaquejada</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> race is a sport with animals which has the greatest soci...The </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">vaquejada</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> race is a sport with animals which has the greatest socio-economic impact in Brazil and is responsible for generating an intense cultural and economic movement. However, this activity has been the subject of questions about well-being involving the environmental and mental comfort conditions offered to equine and cattle interactions. It is necessary to perform technical evaluations of the cattle involved on the basis of scientific study to better understand the processes of sport and, with this, promote their evolution on good welfare practices in the 21</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">st</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> century. Therefore, to test the hypothesis that the use of the official rules of the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">vaquejada</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> where cattle use a protective harness on the tail protects the cattle’s tail from injuries in this region that compromise health. Before, during and after races, a study was developed that aimed to perform a general and radiological clinical evaluation in the proximal coccygeal region in cattle that ran in a modern cattle stall. Forty male bovines were evaluated (average: 2 year-old and 420 kg). Oxen were subjected to clinical and radiological examination before and after racing with official rules. Results of the clinical and radiological evaluations performed by veterinarians, did not observe clinical occurrences before and after the races in the 40 cattle evaluated. The increase in heart and respiratory rates was a reflection of temporary management stressors, as the animals returned to the feeding/rumination/interaction pattern after running in the rest pen. The radiographic findings in the tail, represented by the reduction of the intervertebral space and areas of subcutaneous radiolucency, suggest technical artifacts derived from the manipulation of the tail for proper positioning to perform the tests in the condition of retention in the corral. The partial fracture found by an evaluator showed signs of calcification and was accompanied by swelling in the soft tissue but without pain in the pre-run examination. It is concluded that the modern </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">vaquejada</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> race, which meets the official rules, is not related to the increase in lesions in the locomotor apparatus or other evaluated tissues, including the tail.展开更多
When two Kantian agents engage in inter-dependent transactions with one another, each agent has the responsibility to assure the morality of the other＇s maxim of action and means to implement the maxim. This proposit...When two Kantian agents engage in inter-dependent transactions with one another, each agent has the responsibility to assure the morality of the other＇s maxim of action and means to implement the maxim. This proposition is proven to be a logical consequence of Kant＇s moral system and stated formally as the K-Completeness theorem. Transactions that satisfy the theorem are called ＂K-Complete.＂ The theorem is generalized to cover transactions with many agents. The paper then models multi-agent K-Complete transactions using mathematical graph theory and shows that such transactions are distinguished from Kant＇s kingdom of ends. Finally, the paper shows that the extended morality provides Kant＇s moral system with the resources to define an ethical community in such as the one in Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason without the introduction of God and a church.展开更多
Patients today are increasingly aware of dental implants,and their expectations are for esthetically and functionally pleasing implant restorations that mimic natural teeth.This presentation will give both the experie...Patients today are increasingly aware of dental implants,and their expectations are for esthetically and functionally pleasing implant restorations that mimic natural teeth.This presentation will give both the experienced and novice practitioner a better understanding of how restorative implant dentistry has evolved.Treatment planning and restorative options for single implants,multiple implants and fully edentulous arches will be discussed,and the use of modern materials and CADCAM technology in fabricating the most contemporary fixed implant supported prostheses will be demonstrated.展开更多
Artificial Intelligence(AI)is one of the most promising and rapidly evolving fields in modern science.It is increasingly being applied to a wide range of domains,including medicine,where it holds enormous potential fo...Artificial Intelligence(AI)is one of the most promising and rapidly evolving fields in modern science.It is increasingly being applied to a wide range of domains,including medicine,where it holds enormous potential for improving patient care,reducing costs,and enhancing clinical decision-making.One area of AI that has shown great promise in the medical domain is data mining,which is the process of extracting useful information and knowledge from large data sets.展开更多
文摘A combination of hard(SiCP)and soft(fly ash)particulate reinforcements could be a strategy to enhance combination of multiple properties of Magnesium and its alloys which otherwise suffer from low stiffness,low wear resistance,and many other critical properties.However,at present a comprehensive and robust map correlating different properties in particle-reinforced composites is much lacking.In this work,an industrial grade AZ91 magnesium alloy reinforced with hard SiC and soft fly ash particles(with 3 vol.%each),has been prepared using stir casting followed by hot extrusion at 325℃with a ratio of 21.5.Microstructure of the hybrid composite was characterized using optical and scanning electron microscopes.The composite exhibited a reduction in average grain size from 13.6 to 7.1μm,concomitantly an increase in Vickers hardness from 73 to 111 HV.The tension-compression yield asymmetry ratios of the unreinforced alloy and hybrid composite were 1.165 and 0.976,respectively indicating higher yield strength for the composite under compressive load.The composite exhibited 76%improvement in damping capacity under time sweep mode,and 28%improvement at 423 K under temperature sweep mode.The tribological characteristics of the composite under dry sliding conditions at sliding speeds and loads in the range of 0.5 to 1.5 m s^(-1)and 10 to 30 N,respectively showed higher wear resistance than the unreinforced alloy.The composite showed 23%improvement in sliding wear resistance at a load of 20 N and a speed of 1 m s^(-1).Finally,efforts have been made to understand the influence of one property on the other by developing statistical property correlation maps from the properties obtained in this study and from the literature.These maps are expected to help in the design of hybrid Metal Matrix Composites for a variety of targeted applications in different sectors.
文摘The current health system in China has evolved by embracing both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine. China is the only country in the world where the number of doctors is larger than the number of nurses but education programmes for other health professions like physical therapy have been slow to develop. In the case of physical therapy it was not until China won the bid for the Olympic Games that permission to establish the first physical therapy programme was granted. Since then China has undergone a period of rapid economic growth enabling many people to have a higher standard of living and improved health, but at the same time the country is faced with massive urbanization, industrialization, increasing environmental health threats, increased health disparities and an aging population. With the support of the Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine, an increased investment by the Government in public health and rehabilitation and engagement of international education experts, entry-level education programmes for physical therapy have started to develop and there are now nine which are modeled, at least to some extent, on the World Confederation for Physical Therapy's international guidelines. The paper explores the development of physical therapy education in China and discusses possible options for the way forward so that as the demand for physical therapy to service 1.4 billion people grows, the profession is prepared and the standards expected of the entrylevel physical therapist will not be compromised.
文摘Mafic-ultramafic magmatic provinces are termed Large Igneous Provinces （LIPs） if they are large （〉10^5 km^3）, are emplaced in a short duration （ca. 〈 5 myr） （or consist of short duration pulses）, and have intraplate characteristics （i.e. are not associated with normal plate boundary processes）. This category includes the classic continental flood basalts, oceanic plateaus, bimodal-rift （passive margin） related packages, but also those events, mainly of Phanerozoic-Proterozoic age, where the plumbing system of dykes, sills and layered intrusions has been exposed by erosion. In the Archean, LIPs may be represented by the greenstone belts of the tholeiite-komatiite association. Felsic magmatism is associated with many LIPs and indeed may be dominant in some cases. LIPs are associated with continental breakup, climatic change, extinction events, and major ore deposits especially of the Ni-Cu-PGE type. Continental LIPs occur on average every 20-30 myr since 2.6 Ga; the Archean record is too poorly preserved for generalizations. LIPs occur both as isolated single events （e.g., 2055 Ma Bushveld event）, as approximately coeval but widely separated events （e.g., 65 Ma Deccan and 62 Ma NAIP）, and as regional clusters associated with supercontinent breakup （e.g., the 830-750 Ma events associated with the breakup of the proposed supercontinent Rodinia）. The LIP record represents a key tool for constraining Proterozoic paleocontinental reconstructions.
文摘To the editor,1.Introduction to new H7N9 bird flu Influenza virus infection is an important group of respiratory infectious disease.Several groups of influenza viruses can cause human infections.However,in the recent years,there are many newly emerging influenza infections,which have never been previously seen in human.Crossing species from animal to human lead
基金supported by the SNF (Nos. 200021-116381/1,200020-126832/1)
文摘Dehydration of the subducting slab favors the melting of the surrounding mantle. Water content and melt evolution atop a spontaneously retreating subducting slab are reported in a three- dimensional （3-D） model. We find that fluids, including water and melts in the rocks, vary substantially along the trench, which cannot be found in two-dimensional （2-D） models. Their maxima along the subducting slab are mainly located at about 50 to 70 and 120 to 140 kin. Volumetric melt production rate changes spatially and episodically atop the slab, which may reflect the intensity and variations of volcanoes.
文摘The three main components of the media layer of the aorta are elastic fibers,collagen fibers and smooth muscle cells(SMC).[1]This layer’s elastic properties are major determinants of its biomechanics in health and disease states.[2,3]Age-related changes in such elastic properties are associated with altered hemodynamic parameters,such as systolic hypertension,[4,5]and end-organ damage,[6,7]and are thought to result from changes of its main components.
基金supported by the CIIT Research Grant Program(CRGP)of COMSATS Institute of Information Technology,Islamabad,Pakistan(Grant No.1669/CRGP/CIIT/IBD/10/711)
文摘This article explores the boundary layer flow and heat transfer of a viscous nanofluid bounded by a hyperbolically stretching sheet. Effects of Brownian and thermophoretic diffusions on heat transfer and concentration of nanoparticles are given due attention. The resulting nonlinear problems are computed for analytic and numerical solutions. The effects of Brownian motion and thermophoretic property are found to increase the temperature of the medium and reduce the heat transfer rate. The thermophoretic property thus enriches the concentration while the Brownian motion reduces the concentration of the nanoparticles in the fluid. Opposite effects of these properties are observed on the Sherwood number.
文摘Zika virus infection becomes the important global problem in the present day. The worldwide distribution of the infection can be seen. The genetic epidemiology study shows that the infection has subgroups of outbreaks. The Asian lineage is an interesting group that can be seen in a wide area. In this short article, the authors reappraises on the phylogenetic data of Asian lineage. The study on period, distance and phylogenetic parameter differences among isolated from several countries in the Asia lineage group is done. Based on the present study, the time and place dimnensional analysis can show that the disease distribution should be mainly induced by the international traveling.
文摘Polysubstance Abuse (PSA) greatly complicates an attempt to implicate a single drug as sole cause of an overdose death. Since PSA now occurs in the majority of cases of drug overdoses, many or most overdose deaths are polysubstance overdose deaths. And since many of the substances involved in a polysubstance Overdose Death (POD) are Central Nervous System (CNS) depressants, many of which can cause overdose death themselves, or synergistically with opioids, it is somewhat puzzling that prescription opioids have been singled out as the cause of these deaths—without reference to PSA. This is particularly puzzling in light of the fact that the issues of PSA and POD have been recognized and discussed in the literature since at least the 1960’s and before. We therefore here consider the question: are we facing an “opioid” crisis or, instead, a “polysubstance crisis”? And we wonder if the issue has been over-simplified, to the detriment of the individuals affected, and to society more broadly. There is a need for an “agnostic” respiratory stimulant that can reverse polysubstance-induced respiratory depression.
文摘Smart process manufacturing is an integral and growing part of modern industrial engineering;it may be most readily characterized as a domain at the intersection of traditional manufacturing and modern, technologically intensive capabilities that address a dynamic and global market. It has long been a goal to reduce the operating cost of the manufacturing process, in addition to improving quality [1] and ensuring timely delivery (traditionally referred to as "quality, cost, delivery" (QCD) [2]). Although QCD has been an outstanding initiative and an evolving management approach for manufacturing industries, new, technologically intensive enablers such as the Internet of Things (IOT), big data analytics, the integration of cyber–physical systems (e.g., digital twins), the use of virtual, augmented, and mixed reality, and the potential for the utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) [3] come together to make these goals achievable on shorter timescales, with greater reliability and flexibility. Product development innovation cycles are increasingly shorter as a result, allowing products to enter the marketplace faster and providing a competitive edge for early-adapting industries. What these technologies actually enable is the ability to efficiently analyze the manufacturing environment, optimize processes faster, and facilitate decision-making based on the accumulated information [4], hence reducing operating risks. This information may then be utilized through a robust enterprise resource planning (ERP) system to close the loop and progressively automate self-optimization of the manufacturing environment.
文摘Discovery Education digital textbook series help accelerating school districts＇ digital transition in different subjects for K-8 and high school classrooms and related services. We evaluated the impact of using Discovery Education digital textbooks on students＇ science, english and math achievement in a large school district in southwest United States.
文摘<span style="font-family:Verdana;">The </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">“</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">opioid crisis</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">”</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> has had a tremendous impact not only on its victims, but also on the practice of medicine, pain patients, and society in general. Unfortunately, efforts to “stem the tide” have not been successful at reducing overdose deaths. Counterbalancing the many ardent efforts to eliminate overdose deaths (such as the current widespread availability and use of opioid-receptor antagonists such as naloxone) is influx of the illicit fentanoids (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">i.e</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">., fentanyl and analogs). In addition to their high-potency, the fentanoids differ in surprising ways from more “traditional” opioids such as morphine and heroin. This uniqueness contributes to a reduced effectiveness of opioid receptor antagonists in the treatment of opioid overdose. Further greatly complicating overdose treatment is polysubstance abuse (e.g., an opioid plus a benzodiaze</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">pine). The non-opioid in the combination is not responsive to an opio</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">id-recep</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">- </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">tor antagonist, which imparts additional challenges. Thus, the new reality in</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">troduces complications that negatively impact efforts to reverse </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">“</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">opioid</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">”</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> overdose. New approaches to improve outcomes in individuals who experience </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">respiratory depression due to fentanoid-induced or polysubstance-induced</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> over</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">- </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">dose are needed. Approaches that harmonize with the new reality, perhaps something like a non-opioid </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">“</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">agnostic</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">”</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> pharmacologic ventilatory stimulant, would provide a welcome addition to the current choices.</span>
文摘The </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">vaquejada</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> race is a sport with animals which has the greatest socio-economic impact in Brazil and is responsible for generating an intense cultural and economic movement. However, this activity has been the subject of questions about well-being involving the environmental and mental comfort conditions offered to equine and cattle interactions. It is necessary to perform technical evaluations of the cattle involved on the basis of scientific study to better understand the processes of sport and, with this, promote their evolution on good welfare practices in the 21</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">st</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> century. Therefore, to test the hypothesis that the use of the official rules of the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">vaquejada</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> where cattle use a protective harness on the tail protects the cattle’s tail from injuries in this region that compromise health. Before, during and after races, a study was developed that aimed to perform a general and radiological clinical evaluation in the proximal coccygeal region in cattle that ran in a modern cattle stall. Forty male bovines were evaluated (average: 2 year-old and 420 kg). Oxen were subjected to clinical and radiological examination before and after racing with official rules. Results of the clinical and radiological evaluations performed by veterinarians, did not observe clinical occurrences before and after the races in the 40 cattle evaluated. The increase in heart and respiratory rates was a reflection of temporary management stressors, as the animals returned to the feeding/rumination/interaction pattern after running in the rest pen. The radiographic findings in the tail, represented by the reduction of the intervertebral space and areas of subcutaneous radiolucency, suggest technical artifacts derived from the manipulation of the tail for proper positioning to perform the tests in the condition of retention in the corral. The partial fracture found by an evaluator showed signs of calcification and was accompanied by swelling in the soft tissue but without pain in the pre-run examination. It is concluded that the modern </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">vaquejada</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> race, which meets the official rules, is not related to the increase in lesions in the locomotor apparatus or other evaluated tissues, including the tail.
文摘When two Kantian agents engage in inter-dependent transactions with one another, each agent has the responsibility to assure the morality of the other＇s maxim of action and means to implement the maxim. This proposition is proven to be a logical consequence of Kant＇s moral system and stated formally as the K-Completeness theorem. Transactions that satisfy the theorem are called ＂K-Complete.＂ The theorem is generalized to cover transactions with many agents. The paper then models multi-agent K-Complete transactions using mathematical graph theory and shows that such transactions are distinguished from Kant＇s kingdom of ends. Finally, the paper shows that the extended morality provides Kant＇s moral system with the resources to define an ethical community in such as the one in Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason without the introduction of God and a church.
文摘Patients today are increasingly aware of dental implants,and their expectations are for esthetically and functionally pleasing implant restorations that mimic natural teeth.This presentation will give both the experienced and novice practitioner a better understanding of how restorative implant dentistry has evolved.Treatment planning and restorative options for single implants,multiple implants and fully edentulous arches will be discussed,and the use of modern materials and CADCAM technology in fabricating the most contemporary fixed implant supported prostheses will be demonstrated.
基金from any funding agency in the public,commercial,or not-for-profit sect.We thank Dr.Richard Shane Palmer for editing the English text of a draft of this manuscript.
文摘Artificial Intelligence(AI)is one of the most promising and rapidly evolving fields in modern science.It is increasingly being applied to a wide range of domains,including medicine,where it holds enormous potential for improving patient care,reducing costs,and enhancing clinical decision-making.One area of AI that has shown great promise in the medical domain is data mining,which is the process of extracting useful information and knowledge from large data sets.
