Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the post-vaccination seroconversion of small ruminants after the 2022-2023 vaccination campaign against peste des petits ruminants, as part of the national PPR co...Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the post-vaccination seroconversion of small ruminants after the 2022-2023 vaccination campaign against peste des petits ruminants, as part of the national PPR control and eradication strategy. Methodology and Results: The study was conducted in the study area comprising the provinces of Chari-Baguirmi, N’Djamena, Bahr Elgazale, Kanem and Lac. It involved the collection of 1687 samples of sera from small ruminants, which were analysed in the laboratory using the Eliza competition diagnostic method. Statistical analyses of the data obtained were carried out using the R Studio 4.1.2 software. The data analyses made it possible to assess post-vaccination seroconversion at the level of the study area, regions and municipalities, as well as to see the effect of sex, marking and the “vaccinated and unvaccinated animal” aspect on PPR seroconversion. At the level of the study area, an overall seroconversion of 73.56% (higher than the rate set by the national strategy) was obtained, but it was distributed differently between provinces and municipalities. Conclusion and Application of Results: Provinces such as Bahr Elgazal (69.84%) and Lac (68.78%) experienced a seroconversion to decaf of the rate set by the national strategy for the control and eradication of PPR. The municipalities with low seroconversion rates were the 1st district of the city of N’Djamena (54.29%) and Amsileb (49.02%). Thus, it would be suggested that the General Directorate of Veterinary Services, through its Animal Health Directorate, intensify its efforts in municipalities with a low seroconversion rate and maintain the gains made in those with high rates. In this context, it is important to ensure that vaccines are administered appropriately and that the cold chain is functioning properly to achieve the objective of the national strategy for the control and eradication of peste des petits ruminants in Chad.展开更多
Introduction: Congenital heart disease is a major cause of children’s death. In Niger, despite the frequency of these pathologies, very few studies have been carried out on associated mortality in a paediatric enviro...Introduction: Congenital heart disease is a major cause of children’s death. In Niger, despite the frequency of these pathologies, very few studies have been carried out on associated mortality in a paediatric environment. The objective of this work was to look for the risk factors of children with congenital heart disease’s death in Niamey. Patients and Method: It is about a cross-sectional study for descriptive and analytical purposes in children aged from 0 to 15 years. Carriers of congenital heart disease followed from January 2016 to July 2021 in two national hospitals in Niamey. The variable depends and the main ante was the occurrence of deaths (yes or no). The explanatory variables were related to the characteristics of the patients, the type of heart disease and management among others. Chi’s tests2 Pearson’s or Fischer’s exact test were used (P Results: During the period of the research, 514 cases of congenital heart disease were studied, including 132 deaths (25.68%). The average age of patients was 14.64 months [10 days - 15 years]. The sex ratio was 1.08. The most common reason for consultation was respiratory distress that was found in 74.90% of patients. Interventricular communication (IVC) and intear communication (CIA) were the most found type of heart disease with 36.53% and 20.44% of cases respectively. Only 9.54% of patients (n = 48) had received surgical management. The risk factors associated with mortality were pulmonary arterial hypertension (54.17%), pulmonary disease (44.55%) and the presence of anemia (63.16%) [OR > 1;p Conclusion: Congenital heart diseases remain an important cause of death among children in Niger. The pulmonary arterial hypertension and the associated comorbidities such as broncho-pulmonary diseases were the main associated factors. In the meantime, an optimal technical management of these factors will help to reduce this mortality.展开更多
Introduction: On the outskirts of Ndjamena, semi-industrial poultry farming and traditional poultry farming are practised informally on almost all poultry farms in Chad. This type of poultry farming is faced with real...Introduction: On the outskirts of Ndjamena, semi-industrial poultry farming and traditional poultry farming are practised informally on almost all poultry farms in Chad. This type of poultry farming is faced with real health problems attributable to a lack of monitoring of the vaccination schedule, inadequate compliance with biosecurity measures and poor application of the Ichikawa rule based on the 5 M’s. Objective: The aim of this article is to identify the microorganisms responsible for contamination of poultry farms in the study area. Method: The study was carried out from 28/04/2022 to 31/01/2023 on the basis of 300 samples taken from feed, drinking water, droppings and scrapings from poultry housing surfaces in the 30 farms that served as a framework for our research. Sampling was of the simple random type, and farms were selected on the basis of the farmers’ consent. The data were recorded on pre-established survey forms. Our study was cross-sectional, descriptive and prospective. Bacteria were isolated using the reference method NF EN ISO 6579 for Salmonella spp. and cultured on the specific medium eosin methylene blue (EMB) for Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas and Citrobacter freundii. Results: The following results emerged from this study: Escherichia coli (5.33%), Pseudomonas (1.33%), Citrobacter freundii (12%) and Salmonella paratyphi (21.68%). Conclusion: Of the 300 samples analysed, 121 (40.33%) were contaminated with pathogens. This high level of contamination is a health problem. The study shows that biosecurity is less satisfactory on the farms visited. Nevertheless, farms with a very satisfactory level of biosafety ensure food safety and variety for the population.展开更多
Bioactive compounds in plants are associated with the reduction of chronic diseases. The free radical scavenging activity of different extracts of a medicinal plant, </span></span><span style="font...Bioactive compounds in plants are associated with the reduction of chronic diseases. The free radical scavenging activity of different extracts of a medicinal plant, </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Sclerocarya</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <i>birrea</i></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, has been investigated using the DPPH test, ABTS test and FRAP. Three extracts were prepared from the leaves and bark: hydro-methanolic, hydro-acetonic and aqueous. Phytochemical screening was carried out the standard methods followed by the determination of the polyphenol by Folin-Ciocalteu method. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the STATISTICA 7.1 and statistical significance was set at p </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 0.05. Evolution of percent inhibition (PI) as well as the IC</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">50</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of the extracts w</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">as</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> obtained using the Origin Pro 8.5 software and Microsoft Excel. The results show that the bark extracts are about twice as rich in polyphenols as the leaves. With DPPH at 1.25 mg/mL, the bark has a PI of 91.04% ± 0.001% while leaves, reach 99.80% ± 0.021%. As for the ABTS test, the bark extract reached its maximum activity at 1.25 mg/m</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> with a PI of 99.80% ± 0.003% while leaves extract greater value of PI is 99.75 ± 0.003 at 2.5 mg/mL. With FRAP test at 1.25 mg/mL, the bark has a PI of 79.29% ± 0.005% while leaves, reach 80.33% ± 0.001%. The IC</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">50</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of the bark and leaf extracts on the smallest DPPH are 0.156 ± 0.001 mg/mL in hydro-methanol, 0.301 ± 0.00 mg/mL in hydro-acetone and 0.407 ± 0.00 mg/mL in aqueous extract. With ABTS test, the best IC</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">50</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> are obtained with hydro-acetone extracts with value of 0.247 ± 0.001 </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mg/mL for bark and 0.248 ± 0.0005 mg/mL for leaves while in hydro-methanolic</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and aqueous extracts the best IC</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">50</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> are respectively 0.255 ± 0.00 mg/mL and 0.463 ± 0.00 mg/mL. Using ascorbic acid as our standard, the PI was 94.86% ± 0.008% with an IC</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">50</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of 0.213 ± 0.00 mg/mL. According to these results, the reducing power of the bark is slightly higher than that of the leaves. We can say that the bark has better activity than the leaves and the alcoholic extracts have given better results than the aqueous extract.展开更多
Researches for natural antioxidants that play an important role in the prevention of diseases linked to free radicals ha</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ve</span><span style=&qu...Researches for natural antioxidants that play an important role in the prevention of diseases linked to free radicals ha</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ve</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> increased in recent years. In this study, antioxidant activity of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Bauhinia rufescens</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i><i><span style="font-family:""> </span></i><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Lam which is a medicinal plant</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">was investigated</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The methanol extract, acetone extract and water extract of leaf and trunk bark had antioxidant activity. Three methods were used: 2,2-diphenyl-1picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">’</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-Azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzoth</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">iazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and ferric ion reducing power (FRAP) by spectrophotometr</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">y</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. Phytochemical screening was carried out followed by the quantification of the total phenolic by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the STATISTICA 7.1 software revealed significant differences (p</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><</span><span> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.05). Percentage inhibition (PI) and IC</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">50</span></sub><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of the extracts were obtained using the OriginPro 8.5 software. These tests show that the bark is as rich in total phenolic as the leaves. The DPPH test shows that at 2.5 mg/ml, the bark and the leave have similar activity. Bark has a percentage inhibition (PI) of 86.55% ± 0.026% compared to the leave which PI is 85.6</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3% ± 0</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">02%. As for the ABTS test, the bark extract reached its maximum activity at 2.5 mg/ml with a PI of 99.81% ± 0.012% compared to the leaf extract which has a PI of 99</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">61% ± 0.025%. The best IC</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">50</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of the extracts obtained with the DPPH radical </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">is</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 0.139 ± 0.001 mg/ml (hydro-acetonic)</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, 0.354 ± 0.001 mg/ml (hydromethanolic) and 0.840 ± 0.001 mg/ml (aqueous) on the bark. With ABTS test, it was obtained 0.351 ± 0.001 mg/ml (hydro-acetone;bark), 0.403 ± 0.001 mg/ml (hydro-acetone;leaves) and 0.474 ± 0.001 mg/ml (aqueous;bark). The reducing power of the leaves is slightly higher than that of the bark. Standard of ascorbic acid, has a PI of 94.86 ± 0.008% with an IC</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">50</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of 0.213 ± 0.001 mg/ml. Thus, it</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> is</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> easy to conclude that the bark of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Bauhinia rufescens</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i><i><span style="font-family:""> </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">has a better activity than the leaves and the alcoholic extracts have given better results than the aqueous extract.展开更多
Highly prized by consumers, watermelon is rich in water, but also in micronutrients <span style="font-family:Verdana;">including lycopene, pigment responsible for the red color. It is also </span>...Highly prized by consumers, watermelon is rich in water, but also in micronutrients <span style="font-family:Verdana;">including lycopene, pigment responsible for the red color. It is also </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a powerful antioxidant which has many virtues including the prevention and </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">treatment of certain diseases. The transformation into nectar of watermelons </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">combined with treatment could cause several modifications including the alteration </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">of coloring. It is in this context that this study focuses on the variation </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">of the lycopene content in nectars. Thus, nectars of 12<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#ffffff;"="">°</span>Brix and 15<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#ffffff;"="">°</span>Brix </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">were prepared from three varieties of watermelon (Sugar Baby, Crimson </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Sweet and Charleston Gray). To study the stability, two pasteurization scales </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(85<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#ffffff;"="">°</span></span>C/15min and 95<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#ffffff;"="">°</span></span></span>C/15min) and one sterilization scale (105<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#ffffff;"="">°</span></span>C/15min) </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">were applied to the different nectars produced. The results obtained showed </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">that the Sugar Baby variety is richer in lycopene (24.39 mg</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;white-space:nowrap;"><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"="">·</span></span></span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">kg</span><span style="color:#4f4f4f;font-family:'-apple-system, font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#F7F7F7;">-1</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) with a higher </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">pH (5.80). In addition, the study showed, for the Sugar Baby variety, an increase </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">of lycopene with the addition of sugar and the heat treatment (a maximum </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">of 42.83 mg<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"="">·</span></span></span>kg-1 for SbF12T105). On the other hand, for the Crimson </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Sweet and Charleston varieties, the highest rate of lycopene, except the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">heat-treated ones, are those formulated at 12<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#ffffff;"="">°</span></span>B (10.46 mg<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"="">·</span></span></span>kg-1 for CrF12T105 </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and 18.40 mg<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"="">·</span></span></span>kg-1 for ChF12T105). Without any health consequences, the formulation </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">combined with heat treatment would preserve the lycopene content </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">of watermelon nectars.</span>展开更多
In this paper, we prove the boundedness of Calderón-Zygmund singular integral operators T<sub>Ω</sub> on grand Herz spaces with variable exponent under some conditions.
Introduction: Valvular heart diseases, often linked to rheumatic heart disease, represent a major cause of cardiovascular morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa. This study reports the preliminary outcomes of surgical treatm...Introduction: Valvular heart diseases, often linked to rheumatic heart disease, represent a major cause of cardiovascular morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa. This study reports the preliminary outcomes of surgical treatment for valvular heart diseases initiated at the Yaoundé General Hospital (YGH) by an entirely local team. Materials and Methods: Between September 2022 and November 2024, 37 patients underwent surgery for valvular heart diseases at YGH. A retrospective analysis of clinical, operative, and postoperative data was conducted using R software (version 4.4.0). Results: Male patients predominated, with a sex ratio of 1.17. The median age at the time of surgery was 40 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 25.0 - 51.0). Dyspnea was the main symptom at admission, reported in 36 patients (97.3%). Rheumatic etiologies were the most frequent (25 cases, 67.57%), followed by atherosclerotic lesions (6 cases, 16.2%) and degenerative lesions (4 cases, 10.83%). Among the 37 patients, 19 (51.4%) underwent mitral valve replacement, 11 (29.7%) aortic valve replacement, 6 (16.2%) double mitral-aortic valve replacement, and 1 (2.7%) tricuspid valve replacement. Mechanical prostheses were implanted in 27 patients (73%), while 10 patients (27%) received biological prostheses. The median duration of cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic clamping was 101 minutes (IQR: 84.75 - 146.25) and 73 minutes (IQR: 55.75 - 116.25), respectively. The median duration of mechanical ventilation and ICU stay were 2 hours (IQR: 2 - 3) and 3 days (IQR: 2 - 4), respectively. The most frequent complication was postoperative anemia requiring blood transfusion in 16 patients (43.2%). Three patients (8.1%) required reoperation for bleeding. There was no in-hospital mortality. Conclusion: Valvular heart diseases treated at YGH are predominantly of rheumatic origin. Valve replacement was by far the most commonly used technique. Early outcomes are satisfactory and encouraging.展开更多
文摘Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the post-vaccination seroconversion of small ruminants after the 2022-2023 vaccination campaign against peste des petits ruminants, as part of the national PPR control and eradication strategy. Methodology and Results: The study was conducted in the study area comprising the provinces of Chari-Baguirmi, N’Djamena, Bahr Elgazale, Kanem and Lac. It involved the collection of 1687 samples of sera from small ruminants, which were analysed in the laboratory using the Eliza competition diagnostic method. Statistical analyses of the data obtained were carried out using the R Studio 4.1.2 software. The data analyses made it possible to assess post-vaccination seroconversion at the level of the study area, regions and municipalities, as well as to see the effect of sex, marking and the “vaccinated and unvaccinated animal” aspect on PPR seroconversion. At the level of the study area, an overall seroconversion of 73.56% (higher than the rate set by the national strategy) was obtained, but it was distributed differently between provinces and municipalities. Conclusion and Application of Results: Provinces such as Bahr Elgazal (69.84%) and Lac (68.78%) experienced a seroconversion to decaf of the rate set by the national strategy for the control and eradication of PPR. The municipalities with low seroconversion rates were the 1st district of the city of N’Djamena (54.29%) and Amsileb (49.02%). Thus, it would be suggested that the General Directorate of Veterinary Services, through its Animal Health Directorate, intensify its efforts in municipalities with a low seroconversion rate and maintain the gains made in those with high rates. In this context, it is important to ensure that vaccines are administered appropriately and that the cold chain is functioning properly to achieve the objective of the national strategy for the control and eradication of peste des petits ruminants in Chad.
文摘Introduction: Congenital heart disease is a major cause of children’s death. In Niger, despite the frequency of these pathologies, very few studies have been carried out on associated mortality in a paediatric environment. The objective of this work was to look for the risk factors of children with congenital heart disease’s death in Niamey. Patients and Method: It is about a cross-sectional study for descriptive and analytical purposes in children aged from 0 to 15 years. Carriers of congenital heart disease followed from January 2016 to July 2021 in two national hospitals in Niamey. The variable depends and the main ante was the occurrence of deaths (yes or no). The explanatory variables were related to the characteristics of the patients, the type of heart disease and management among others. Chi’s tests2 Pearson’s or Fischer’s exact test were used (P Results: During the period of the research, 514 cases of congenital heart disease were studied, including 132 deaths (25.68%). The average age of patients was 14.64 months [10 days - 15 years]. The sex ratio was 1.08. The most common reason for consultation was respiratory distress that was found in 74.90% of patients. Interventricular communication (IVC) and intear communication (CIA) were the most found type of heart disease with 36.53% and 20.44% of cases respectively. Only 9.54% of patients (n = 48) had received surgical management. The risk factors associated with mortality were pulmonary arterial hypertension (54.17%), pulmonary disease (44.55%) and the presence of anemia (63.16%) [OR > 1;p Conclusion: Congenital heart diseases remain an important cause of death among children in Niger. The pulmonary arterial hypertension and the associated comorbidities such as broncho-pulmonary diseases were the main associated factors. In the meantime, an optimal technical management of these factors will help to reduce this mortality.
文摘Introduction: On the outskirts of Ndjamena, semi-industrial poultry farming and traditional poultry farming are practised informally on almost all poultry farms in Chad. This type of poultry farming is faced with real health problems attributable to a lack of monitoring of the vaccination schedule, inadequate compliance with biosecurity measures and poor application of the Ichikawa rule based on the 5 M’s. Objective: The aim of this article is to identify the microorganisms responsible for contamination of poultry farms in the study area. Method: The study was carried out from 28/04/2022 to 31/01/2023 on the basis of 300 samples taken from feed, drinking water, droppings and scrapings from poultry housing surfaces in the 30 farms that served as a framework for our research. Sampling was of the simple random type, and farms were selected on the basis of the farmers’ consent. The data were recorded on pre-established survey forms. Our study was cross-sectional, descriptive and prospective. Bacteria were isolated using the reference method NF EN ISO 6579 for Salmonella spp. and cultured on the specific medium eosin methylene blue (EMB) for Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas and Citrobacter freundii. Results: The following results emerged from this study: Escherichia coli (5.33%), Pseudomonas (1.33%), Citrobacter freundii (12%) and Salmonella paratyphi (21.68%). Conclusion: Of the 300 samples analysed, 121 (40.33%) were contaminated with pathogens. This high level of contamination is a health problem. The study shows that biosecurity is less satisfactory on the farms visited. Nevertheless, farms with a very satisfactory level of biosafety ensure food safety and variety for the population.
文摘Bioactive compounds in plants are associated with the reduction of chronic diseases. The free radical scavenging activity of different extracts of a medicinal plant, </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Sclerocarya</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <i>birrea</i></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, has been investigated using the DPPH test, ABTS test and FRAP. Three extracts were prepared from the leaves and bark: hydro-methanolic, hydro-acetonic and aqueous. Phytochemical screening was carried out the standard methods followed by the determination of the polyphenol by Folin-Ciocalteu method. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the STATISTICA 7.1 and statistical significance was set at p </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 0.05. Evolution of percent inhibition (PI) as well as the IC</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">50</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of the extracts w</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">as</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> obtained using the Origin Pro 8.5 software and Microsoft Excel. The results show that the bark extracts are about twice as rich in polyphenols as the leaves. With DPPH at 1.25 mg/mL, the bark has a PI of 91.04% ± 0.001% while leaves, reach 99.80% ± 0.021%. As for the ABTS test, the bark extract reached its maximum activity at 1.25 mg/m</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> with a PI of 99.80% ± 0.003% while leaves extract greater value of PI is 99.75 ± 0.003 at 2.5 mg/mL. With FRAP test at 1.25 mg/mL, the bark has a PI of 79.29% ± 0.005% while leaves, reach 80.33% ± 0.001%. The IC</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">50</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of the bark and leaf extracts on the smallest DPPH are 0.156 ± 0.001 mg/mL in hydro-methanol, 0.301 ± 0.00 mg/mL in hydro-acetone and 0.407 ± 0.00 mg/mL in aqueous extract. With ABTS test, the best IC</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">50</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> are obtained with hydro-acetone extracts with value of 0.247 ± 0.001 </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mg/mL for bark and 0.248 ± 0.0005 mg/mL for leaves while in hydro-methanolic</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and aqueous extracts the best IC</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">50</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> are respectively 0.255 ± 0.00 mg/mL and 0.463 ± 0.00 mg/mL. Using ascorbic acid as our standard, the PI was 94.86% ± 0.008% with an IC</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">50</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of 0.213 ± 0.00 mg/mL. According to these results, the reducing power of the bark is slightly higher than that of the leaves. We can say that the bark has better activity than the leaves and the alcoholic extracts have given better results than the aqueous extract.
文摘Researches for natural antioxidants that play an important role in the prevention of diseases linked to free radicals ha</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ve</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> increased in recent years. In this study, antioxidant activity of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Bauhinia rufescens</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i><i><span style="font-family:""> </span></i><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Lam which is a medicinal plant</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">was investigated</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The methanol extract, acetone extract and water extract of leaf and trunk bark had antioxidant activity. Three methods were used: 2,2-diphenyl-1picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">’</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-Azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzoth</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">iazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and ferric ion reducing power (FRAP) by spectrophotometr</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">y</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. Phytochemical screening was carried out followed by the quantification of the total phenolic by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the STATISTICA 7.1 software revealed significant differences (p</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><</span><span> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.05). Percentage inhibition (PI) and IC</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">50</span></sub><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of the extracts were obtained using the OriginPro 8.5 software. These tests show that the bark is as rich in total phenolic as the leaves. The DPPH test shows that at 2.5 mg/ml, the bark and the leave have similar activity. Bark has a percentage inhibition (PI) of 86.55% ± 0.026% compared to the leave which PI is 85.6</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3% ± 0</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">02%. As for the ABTS test, the bark extract reached its maximum activity at 2.5 mg/ml with a PI of 99.81% ± 0.012% compared to the leaf extract which has a PI of 99</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">61% ± 0.025%. The best IC</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">50</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of the extracts obtained with the DPPH radical </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">is</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 0.139 ± 0.001 mg/ml (hydro-acetonic)</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, 0.354 ± 0.001 mg/ml (hydromethanolic) and 0.840 ± 0.001 mg/ml (aqueous) on the bark. With ABTS test, it was obtained 0.351 ± 0.001 mg/ml (hydro-acetone;bark), 0.403 ± 0.001 mg/ml (hydro-acetone;leaves) and 0.474 ± 0.001 mg/ml (aqueous;bark). The reducing power of the leaves is slightly higher than that of the bark. Standard of ascorbic acid, has a PI of 94.86 ± 0.008% with an IC</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">50</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of 0.213 ± 0.001 mg/ml. Thus, it</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> is</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> easy to conclude that the bark of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Bauhinia rufescens</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i><i><span style="font-family:""> </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">has a better activity than the leaves and the alcoholic extracts have given better results than the aqueous extract.
文摘Highly prized by consumers, watermelon is rich in water, but also in micronutrients <span style="font-family:Verdana;">including lycopene, pigment responsible for the red color. It is also </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a powerful antioxidant which has many virtues including the prevention and </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">treatment of certain diseases. The transformation into nectar of watermelons </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">combined with treatment could cause several modifications including the alteration </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">of coloring. It is in this context that this study focuses on the variation </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">of the lycopene content in nectars. Thus, nectars of 12<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#ffffff;"="">°</span>Brix and 15<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#ffffff;"="">°</span>Brix </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">were prepared from three varieties of watermelon (Sugar Baby, Crimson </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Sweet and Charleston Gray). To study the stability, two pasteurization scales </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(85<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#ffffff;"="">°</span></span>C/15min and 95<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#ffffff;"="">°</span></span></span>C/15min) and one sterilization scale (105<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#ffffff;"="">°</span></span>C/15min) </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">were applied to the different nectars produced. The results obtained showed </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">that the Sugar Baby variety is richer in lycopene (24.39 mg</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;white-space:nowrap;"><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"="">·</span></span></span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">kg</span><span style="color:#4f4f4f;font-family:'-apple-system, font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#F7F7F7;">-1</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) with a higher </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">pH (5.80). In addition, the study showed, for the Sugar Baby variety, an increase </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">of lycopene with the addition of sugar and the heat treatment (a maximum </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">of 42.83 mg<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"="">·</span></span></span>kg-1 for SbF12T105). On the other hand, for the Crimson </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Sweet and Charleston varieties, the highest rate of lycopene, except the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">heat-treated ones, are those formulated at 12<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#ffffff;"="">°</span></span>B (10.46 mg<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"="">·</span></span></span>kg-1 for CrF12T105 </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and 18.40 mg<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"="">·</span></span></span>kg-1 for ChF12T105). Without any health consequences, the formulation </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">combined with heat treatment would preserve the lycopene content </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">of watermelon nectars.</span>
文摘In this paper, we prove the boundedness of Calderón-Zygmund singular integral operators T<sub>Ω</sub> on grand Herz spaces with variable exponent under some conditions.
文摘Introduction: Valvular heart diseases, often linked to rheumatic heart disease, represent a major cause of cardiovascular morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa. This study reports the preliminary outcomes of surgical treatment for valvular heart diseases initiated at the Yaoundé General Hospital (YGH) by an entirely local team. Materials and Methods: Between September 2022 and November 2024, 37 patients underwent surgery for valvular heart diseases at YGH. A retrospective analysis of clinical, operative, and postoperative data was conducted using R software (version 4.4.0). Results: Male patients predominated, with a sex ratio of 1.17. The median age at the time of surgery was 40 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 25.0 - 51.0). Dyspnea was the main symptom at admission, reported in 36 patients (97.3%). Rheumatic etiologies were the most frequent (25 cases, 67.57%), followed by atherosclerotic lesions (6 cases, 16.2%) and degenerative lesions (4 cases, 10.83%). Among the 37 patients, 19 (51.4%) underwent mitral valve replacement, 11 (29.7%) aortic valve replacement, 6 (16.2%) double mitral-aortic valve replacement, and 1 (2.7%) tricuspid valve replacement. Mechanical prostheses were implanted in 27 patients (73%), while 10 patients (27%) received biological prostheses. The median duration of cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic clamping was 101 minutes (IQR: 84.75 - 146.25) and 73 minutes (IQR: 55.75 - 116.25), respectively. The median duration of mechanical ventilation and ICU stay were 2 hours (IQR: 2 - 3) and 3 days (IQR: 2 - 4), respectively. The most frequent complication was postoperative anemia requiring blood transfusion in 16 patients (43.2%). Three patients (8.1%) required reoperation for bleeding. There was no in-hospital mortality. Conclusion: Valvular heart diseases treated at YGH are predominantly of rheumatic origin. Valve replacement was by far the most commonly used technique. Early outcomes are satisfactory and encouraging.
