Quantitative detection of sleeve grouting compactness is a technical challenge in civil engineering testing.This study explores a novel quantitative detection method based on ultrasonic time-frequency dual-domain anal...Quantitative detection of sleeve grouting compactness is a technical challenge in civil engineering testing.This study explores a novel quantitative detection method based on ultrasonic time-frequency dual-domain analysis.It establishes a mapping relationship between sleeve grouting compactness and characteristic parameters.First,this study made samples with gradient defects for two types of grouting sleeves,G18 and G20.These included four cases:2D,4D,6D defects(where D is the diameter of the grouting sleeve),and no-defect.Then,an ultrasonic input/output data acquisition system was established.Three-dimensional sound field distribution data were obtained through an orthogonal detection layout and pulse reflection principles.Finally,a novel quantification detection with a comprehensive defect index(DI)was established by comprehensively considering eight feature parameters,such as time-frequency domain Kurtosis factor(KU),Skewness factor(SK),Formfactor(FF),Crest factor(CF),Impulse factor(IF),Clearance factor(CLF),Wavelet packet energy entropy(WPEE),and Hilbert energy peak(HEP).Construct a DI index by quantifying the difference between defect signals and defect free signals in the time-frequency domain.Experimental results show that,under no-defect conditions,the values of feature parameters are significantly lower than those under defect conditions.Among these,the KU,FF,CF,WPEE and HEP exhibit strong correlations with grout sleeve compactness.The proposed DI index in both types of grout sleeves showed good universality with a linear fit goodness of 0.847–0.962.However,G20 the larger inner diameter and length of the sleeve result in a more complex medium effect during ultrasonic propagation,making its DI index more sensitive to defects than the G18 sleeve.Therefore,the presented method is effective for quantitative detection and analysis of the compactness of grouting sleeves.展开更多
During obesity treatment,clinicians have been burdened by the ever-increasing number of patients and the side effects of drug treatment.Finding new plant-derived active ingredients as an intervention for obesity has b...During obesity treatment,clinicians have been burdened by the ever-increasing number of patients and the side effects of drug treatment.Finding new plant-derived active ingredients as an intervention for obesity has become a research focus.In this study,Plackett-Burman and Central Composite Design experiments,plant-wide target metabolomics technology,simulated human colon fermentation test,and cell experiment in vitro were successively used to investigate the effects of fermented and unfermented polyphenols(FP and UP,respectively)of blue honeysuckle on obesity.After the optimization of the response surface method,polyphenol content((1878.08±14.53)mg/100 g)increased by 2.63 times after Lactobacillus rhamnosus 6224 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae W5 mixed fermentation.There were 23 significantly different metabolites were observed in FP and UP.Of them,7 different metabolites were significantly and positively correlated with short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),whereas negatively correlated with lipopolysaccharides(LPS).The contents of these 7 metabolites were significantly increased in FP.Furthermore,the effects of FP and UP on the SCFA biosynthesis pathway were different.Cell experiments revealed that polyphenols can significantly promote the secretion of gastrointestinal endogenous hormones and insulin and inhibit interleukin-6 levels.Linear regression analysis revealed SCFAs had a positive regulatory effect on glycolipid metabolism,whereas LPS had a negative effect.Overall,these crucial findings provide an economical and simple method for obtaining blue honeysuckle polyphenols and laying a theoretical foundation for its application in the therapeutic intervention against obesity.展开更多
BACKGROUND The histone deacetylases 10(HDAC10)is a HDAC family member,yet its importance in the context of colorectal cancer(CRC)development remains incompletely understood.The present study was thus developed to expl...BACKGROUND The histone deacetylases 10(HDAC10)is a HDAC family member,yet its importance in the context of colorectal cancer(CRC)development remains incompletely understood.The present study was thus developed to explore the mechanistic importance of HDAC10 as a regulator of CRC.AIM To investigate the impact of HDAC10 on tumor growth and its regulation in tumor microenvironment(TME)in CRC,we conducted this study.METHODS The study evaluated HDAC10 expression using immunohistochemistry analyses and assessed its prognostic value in CRC patients.HDAC10 depletion CRC cell lines were generated,and its biological functions were assessed through cell counting kit-8,wound healing,and colony formation assays.Furthermore,gene set variation analysis(GSVA)was employed to explore the potential molecular mechanisms of HDAC10 in CRC.The impact of HDAC10 on TME was subsequently assessed.Finally,the study investigated the influence of HDAC10 on the response to immunotherapy and chemotherapeutic drugs in CRC.RESULTS HDAC10 expression was significantly elevated in CRC and correlated with poor prognosis in patients.Knockdown of HDAC10 reduced colon cancer cell proliferation and migration capabilities.GSVA revealed a strong association between high HDAC10 expression and immune suppression.Additionally,high HDAC10 levels were correlated with a non-inflamed TME.Finally,patients with high HDAC10 expression showed reduced sensitivity to immuno-therapy.CONCLUSION This study revealed the significance of HDAC10 in TME,therapy efficacy,and clinical prognosis in CRC,offering novel insights for therapeutic advancements in CRC.展开更多
Neutrophil peptide 1 belongs to a family of peptides involved in innate immunity. Continuous intramuscular injection of neutrophil peptide 1 can promote the regeneration of peripheral nerves, but clinical application ...Neutrophil peptide 1 belongs to a family of peptides involved in innate immunity. Continuous intramuscular injection of neutrophil peptide 1 can promote the regeneration of peripheral nerves, but clinical application in this manner is not convenient. To this end, the effects of a single intraoperative administration of neutrophil peptide 1 on peripheral nerve regeneration were experimentally observed. A rat model of sciatic nerve crush injury was established using the clamp method. After model establishment, a normal saline group and a neutrophil peptide 1 group were injected with a single dose of normal saline or 10 μg/mL neutrophil peptide 1, respectively. A sham group, without sciatic nerve crush was also prepared as a control. Sciatic nerve function tests, neuroelectrophysiological tests, and hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that the nerve conduction velocity, sciatic functional index, and tibialis anterior muscle fiber cross-sectional area were better in the neutrophil peptide 1 group than in the normal saline group at 4 weeks after surgery. At 4 and 8 weeks after surgery, there were no differences in the wet weight of the tibialis anterior muscle between the neutrophil peptide 1 and saline groups. Histological staining of the sciatic nerve showed no significant differences in the number of myelinated nerve fibers or the axon cross-sectional area between the neutrophil peptide 1 and normal saline groups. The above data confirmed that a single dose of neutrophil peptide 1 during surgery can promote the recovery of neurological function 4 weeks after sciatic nerve injury. All the experiments were approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Peking University People's Hospital, China(approval No. 2015-50) on December 9, 2015.展开更多
Peripheral nerves have a limited capacity for self-repair and those that are severely damaged or have significant defects are challenging to repair. Investigating the pathophysiology of peripheral nerve repair is impo...Peripheral nerves have a limited capacity for self-repair and those that are severely damaged or have significant defects are challenging to repair. Investigating the pathophysiology of peripheral nerve repair is important for the clinical treatment of peripheral nerve repair and regeneration. In this study, rat models of right sciatic nerve injury were established by a clamping method. Protein chip assay was performed to quantify the levels of neurotrophic, inflammation-related, chemotaxis-related and cell generation-related factors in the sciatic nerve within 7 days after injury. The results revealed that the expression levels of neurotrophic factors(ciliary neurotrophic factor) and inflammationrelated factors(intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1, interferon γ, interleukin-1α, interleukin-2, interleukin-4, interleukin-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, prolactin R, receptor of advanced glycation end products and tumor necrosis factor-α), chemotaxis-related factors(cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1, L-selectin and platelet-derived growth factor-AA) and cell generation-related factors(granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) followed different trajectories. These findings will help clarify the pathophysiology of sciatic nerve injury repair and develop clinical treatments of peripheral nerve injury. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Peking University People's Hospital of China(approval No. 2015-50) on December 9, 2015.展开更多
BACKGROUND Traditional Chinese medicine has used the drug Pien Tze Huang(PTH),a classic prescription,to treat autoimmune hepatitis(AIH).However,the precise mode of action is still unknown.AIM To investigate the mechan...BACKGROUND Traditional Chinese medicine has used the drug Pien Tze Huang(PTH),a classic prescription,to treat autoimmune hepatitis(AIH).However,the precise mode of action is still unknown.AIM To investigate the mechanism of PTH in an AIH mouse model by determining the changes in gut microbiota structure and memory regulatory T(mTreg)cells functional levels.METHODS Following induction of the AIH mouse model induced by Concanavalin A(Con A),prophylactic administration of PTH was given for 10 d.The levels of mTreg cells were measured by flow cytometry,and intestinal microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA analysis,while western blotting was used to identify activation of the toll-like receptor(TLR)2,TLR4/nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB),and CXCL16/CXCR6 signaling pathways.RESULTS In the liver of mice with AIH,PTH relieved the pathological damage and reduced the numbers of T helper type 17 cells and interferon-γ,tumor necrosis factor-alpha,interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-2,IL-6,and IL-21 expression.Simultaneously,PTH stimulated the abundance of helpful bacteria,promoted activation of the TLR2 signal,which may enhance Treg/mTreg cells quantity to produce IL-10,and suppressed activation of the TLR4/NF-κB and CXCL16/CXCR6 signaling pathways.CONCLUSION PTH regulates intestinal microbiota balance and restores mTreg cells to alleviate experimental AIH,which is closely related to the TLR/CXCL16/CXCR6/NF-κB signaling pathway.展开更多
Complex pathological changes occur during the development of spinal cord injury(SCI),and determining the underlying molecular events that occur during SCI is necessary for the development of promising molecular target...Complex pathological changes occur during the development of spinal cord injury(SCI),and determining the underlying molecular events that occur during SCI is necessary for the development of promising molecular targets and therapeutic strategies.This study was designed to explore differentially expressed genes(DEGs)associated with the acute and chronic stages of SCI using bioinformatics analysis.Gene expression profiles(GSE45006,GSE93249,and GSE45550)were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database.SCI-associated DEGs from rat samples were identified,and Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses were performed.In addition,a protein-protein interaction network was constructed.Approximately 66 DEGs were identified in GSE45550 between 3–14 days after SCI,whereas 2418 DEGs were identified in GSE450061–56 days after SCI.Moreover,1263,195,and 75 overlapping DEGs were identified between these two expression profiles,3,7/8,and 14 days after SCI,respectively.Additionally,16 overlapping DEGs were obtained in GSE450061–14 days after SCI,including Pank1,Hn1,Tmem150c,Rgd1309676,Lpl,Mdh1,Nnt,Loc100912219,Large1,Baiap2,Slc24a2,Fundc2,Mrps14,Slc16a7,Obfc1,and Alpk3.Importantly,3882 overlapping DEGs were identified in GSE932491–6 months after SCI,including 3316 protein-coding genes and 567 long non-coding RNA genes.A comparative analysis between GSE93249 and GSE45006 resulted in the enrichment of 1135 overlapping DEGs.The significant functions of these 1135 genes were correlated with the response to the immune effector process,the innate immune response,and cytokine production.Moreover,the biological processes and KEGG pathways of the overlapping DEGs were significantly enriched in immune system-related pathways,osteoclast differentiation,the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway,and the chemokine signaling pathway.Finally,an analysis of the overlapping DEGs associated with both acute and chronic SCI,assessed using the expression profiles GSE93249 and GSE45006,identified four overlapping DEGs:Slc16a7,Alpk3,Lpl and Nnt.These findings may be useful for revealing the biological processes associated with SCI and the development of targeted intervention strategies.展开更多
In the central nervous system,hyperpolarizationactivated cyclic nucleotide-gated(HCN)channels are essential to maintain normal neuronal function.Recent studies have shown that HCN channels may be involved in the patho...In the central nervous system,hyperpolarizationactivated cyclic nucleotide-gated(HCN)channels are essential to maintain normal neuronal function.Recent studies have shown that HCN channels may be involved in the pathological process of ischemic brain injury,but the mechanisms remain unclear.Autophagy is activated in cerebral ischemia,but its role in cell death/survival remains controversial.In this study,our results showed that the HCN channel blocker ZD7288 remarkably decreased the percentage of apoptotic neurons and corrected the excessive autophagy induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation followed by reperfusion(OGD/R)in hippocampal HT22 neurons.Furthermore,in the OGD/R group,p-mTOR,p-ULK1(Ser757),and p62 were significantly decreased,while p-ULK1(Ser317),atg5,and beclin1 were remarkably increased.ZD7288 did not change the expression of p-ULK1(Ser757),ULK1(Ser317),p62,Beclin1,and atg5,which are involved in regulating autophagosome formation.Besides,we found that OGD/R induced a significant increase in Cathepsin D expression,but not LAMP-1.Treatment with ZD7288 at 10μmol/L in the OGD/R group did not change the expression of cathepsin D and LAMP-1.However,chloroquine(CQ),which decreases autophagosome-lysosome fusion,eliminated the correction of excessive autophagy and neuroprotection by ZD7288.Besides,shRNA knockdown of HCN2 channels significantly reduced the accumulation of LC3-Ⅱand increased neuron survival in the OGD/R and transient global cerebral ischemia(TGCI)models,and CQ also eliminated the effects of HCN2-shRNA.Furthermore,we found that the percentage of LC3-positive puncta that co-localized with LAMP-1-positive lysosomes decreased in Con-shRNAtransfected HT22 neurons exposed to OGD/R or CQ.In HCN2-shRNA-transfected HT22 neurons,the percentage of LC3-positive puncta that co-localized with LAMP-1-positive lysosomes increased under OGD/R;however,the percentage was significantly decreased by the addition of CQ to HCN2-shRNA-transfected HT22 neurons.The present results demonstrated that blockade of HCN2 channels provides neuroprotection against OGD/R and TGCI by accelerating autophagic degradation attributable to the promotion of autophagosome and lysosome fusion.展开更多
AIM: To demographically and clinically characterize inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) from the local registry and update data previously published by our group.METHODS: A descriptive study of a cohort based on a regist...AIM: To demographically and clinically characterize inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) from the local registry and update data previously published by our group.METHODS: A descriptive study of a cohort based on a registry of patients aged 15 years or older who were diagnosed with IBD and attended the IBD program at Clínica Las Condes in Santiago, Chile. The registry was created in April 2012 and includes patients registered up to October 2015. The information was anonymously downloaded in a monthly report, and the information on patients with more than one visit was updated. The registry includes demographic, clinical and disease characteristics, including the Montreal Classification, medical treatment, surgeries and hospitalizations for crisis. Data regarding infection with Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) were incorporated in the registry in 2014. Data for patients who received consultations as second opinions and continued treatment at this institution were also analyzed.RESULTS: The study included 716 patients with IBD: 508 patients (71%) were diagnosed with ulcerative colitis (UC), 196 patients (27%) were diagnosed with Crohn’s disease (CD) and 12 patients (2%) were diagnosed with unclassifiable IBD. The UC/CD ratio was 2.6/1. The median age was 36 years (range 16-88), and 58% of the patients were female, with a median age at diagnosis of 29 years (range 5-76). In the past 15 years, a sustained increase in the number of patients diagnosed with IBD was observed, where 87% of the patients were diagnosed between the years 2001 and 2015. In the cohort examined in the present study, extensive colitis (50%) and colonic involvement (44%) predominated in the patients with UC and CD, respectively. In CD patients, non-stricturing/non-penetrating behavior was more frequent (80%), and perianal disease was observed in 28% of the patients. There were significant differences in treatment between UC and CD, with a higher use of corticosteroids, and immunosuppressive and biological therapies was observed in the patients with CD (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01). Significant surgical differences were also observed: 5% of the UC patients underwent surgery, whereas 38% of the CD patients required at least one surgery (P < 0.01). The patients with CD were hospitalized more often during their disease course than the patients with UC (55% and 35% of the patients, respectively; P < 0.01). C. difficile infection was acquired by 5% of the patients in each group at some point during the disease course. Nearly half of the patients consulted at the institution for a second opinion, and 32% of these individuals continued treatment at the institution.CONCLUSION: IBD has continued to increase in the study cohort, slowly approaching the level reported in developed countries.展开更多
Objective: To determine the efficacy and tolerability of a long-acting intramuscular formulation of Nalmefene (Nalmefene Consta 393.1 mg) for the treatment of opioid-dependent patients. Design, Setting, and Participan...Objective: To determine the efficacy and tolerability of a long-acting intramuscular formulation of Nalmefene (Nalmefene Consta 393.1 mg) for the treatment of opioid-dependent patients. Design, Setting, and Participants: A 12 weeks, open-label, randomised controlled trial conducted between June 2009-July 2011, at 14 Hospital-based drug clinics, in the 12 countries. Participants were 18 years or older, had Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 opioid use disorder. Of the 3200 individuals screened, 3000 (93.7%) adults were randomized 1500 participants to receive injections of Long-acting depot formulations ofNalmefene (Nalmefene Consta 393.1 mg) given intramuscularly once in 12 weeks and 1500participants to receive extended-release Naltrexone (Vivitrol 380 mg), administered intramuscularly every fourth week for 12 weeks. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary endpoints (protocol) were: Confirmed Opioid abstinence (percentage i.e. the number of patients who achieved complete abstinence during week 12). Confirmed abstinence or “opioid-free” was defined as a negative urine drug test for opioids and no self-reported opioid use. Weeks 1 - 4 were omitted from this endpoint to allow for stabilization of abstinence. Secondary end points included a number of days in treatment, treatment retention and craving. The study also investigated, on 275 participants, degree and time course of mu-opioid receptor occupancy following single doses of Nalmefene extended-release injection (Nalmefene Consta 393.1 mg) as well as the plasma concentration of Nalmefene and Nalmefene-3-O-glucuronide. Safety was assessed by adverse event reporting. Results: Of 3000 participants, mean (SD) age was 27.1 (±4.8) years and 831 (27.7%) were women. 1500 individuals were randomized to receive injections of Long-acting depot formulations of Nalmefene (Nalmefene Consta 393.1 mg) and 1500 to receive injections of extended-release Naltrexone (Vivitrol 380 mg);2088 participants (69.6.0%) completed the trial. Primary endpoints: Confirmed Opioid Abstinence: Complete abstinence was sustained by 86% (n = 1290) of Nalmefene patients (patients treated with Nalmefene Consta 393.1 mg, long-acting depot formulations) compared with 43% (n = 645) of patients treated with extended-release Naltrexone 380 mg (Vivitrol), during weeks 5 - 12 (χ2 = 672.34, P Secondary Endpoint: Craving: A statistically and clinically significant reduction in opioid craving was observed with Nalmefene (Nalmefene Consta 393.1 mg, long-acting depot formulations) vs. Naltrexone (extended-release Naltrexone, Vivitrol 380 mg) by week 4 (P =0.0048), which persisted every week through 12 (P < 0.0001). Patients given Nalmefene (Nalmefene Consta 393.1 mg, long-acting depot formulations) had a 75% decrease in craving from baseline to week 12. Patients given a Naltrexone (extended-release Naltrexone, Vivitrol 380 mg) had a 3% increase in craving from baseline to week 12 (Mean change in self-reporting craving). Secondary Endpoint: Treatment Retention: Long-acting intramuscular formulation of Nalmefene (Nalmefene Consta 393.1 mg) helped significantly more patients complete 12 weeks treatment (n = 1245, 83%) compared with extended-release Naltrexone (Vivitrol 380 mg) (n = 570, 38%) (χ2 = 635.53, P < 0.0001). Patients on long-acting intramuscular formulation of Nalmefene (Nalmefene Consta 393.1 mg) had longer treatment retention than patients on extended-release Naltrexone (Vivitrol 380 mg). Concentrations of Nalmefene and Nalmefene-3-O-Glucuronide in Plasma: Analyses were made of 275 study sample. There was no statistically significant difference for plasma nalmefene concentrations between days 2 and 84 (p = 0.416). The plasma concentration of Nalmefene were 20.3 and 28.5 ng/ml and concentrations of nalmefene-3-O-glucuronide were 2.1 and 4.1 ng/ml, respectively. Plasma levels of Nalmefene remained above 20 ng/ml for approximately 12 weeks after administration of Nalmefene, long-acting depot formulations (Nalmefene Consta 393.1 mg). PET Assessments: Very high mu-opioid receptor occupancy by Nalmefene was detected 1 day after treatments at which time point the occupancy was 100.0% after Nalmefene injection (Nalmefene Consta 393.1 mg). Nalmefene Consta 393.1 mg injection (long-acting intramuscular formulation of Nalmefene) led to a very high occupancy ofmu-opioid receptors in all brain areas examined;the thalamus, caudate nucleus, and frontal cortex. Depending on the brain area mu-opioid receptor occupancy varied between 83.0% and 85.8% 84 days after dosing. Adverse Reactions: Adverse events were similar in opioid-dependent patients treated with long-acting intramuscular formulation of Nalmefene (Nalmefene Consta 393.1 mg) vs. patients treated with extended-release Naltrexone (Vivitrol 380 mg). Conclusions and Relevance: Long-acting depot formulations of Nalmefene (Nalmefene Consta 393.1 mg) was more effective then extended-release Naltrexone (Vivitrol 380 mg) in maintaining short-term abstinence from heroin and should be considered as a treatment option for opioid-dependent individuals.展开更多
Through the analysis of the operation of China’s agricultural science technological and development process, the paper summed up the basic experience of agricultural science technological park and operation mode, in ...Through the analysis of the operation of China’s agricultural science technological and development process, the paper summed up the basic experience of agricultural science technological park and operation mode, in order to run at all levels of agricultural science technological park of science and regional some beneficial references for the development of agricultural economy.展开更多
Objective To examine the resilience of parents of children with congenital heart disease and to investigate socio-demographic factors that may influence parents’resilience.Methods This is a web-based survey study usi...Objective To examine the resilience of parents of children with congenital heart disease and to investigate socio-demographic factors that may influence parents’resilience.Methods This is a web-based survey study using a cross-sectional design.A purposive sampling method was utilized to recruit 515 parents who care for children with congenital heart disease.Resilience was assessed using the Dispositional Resilience Scale-Ⅱ.Based on expert-interviews,a questionnaire was designed to collect socio-demographic data.Descriptive statistics,factor analysis,and linear regressions were used to analyze data.Results A total of 413 parents completed the survey study.The mean resilience score was 3.75(SD=0.61;range=1.89–4.89)with higher scores indicating higher resilience.The linear regression models demonstrated that parents who had lower education levels and lower gross household income had lower resilience(P<0.05).Conclusions Parents reported resilience that reflected their ability to cope with stressful events and mitigate stressors associated with having and caring for children with congenital heart disease.Lower education levels and lower gross household income are associated with lower resilience.To increase parents’resilience,nursing practice and nurse-led interventions should target screening and providing support for parents at-risk for lower resilience.As lower education level and financial hardship are factors that are difficult to modify through personal efforts,charitable foundations,federal and state governments should consider programs that would provide financial and health literacy support for parents at-risk for lower resilience.展开更多
Background: Poverty is an important surrogate marker for obstructive airway diseases (OAD). Slum constitutes a habitat wherein various poverty related parameters are perpetually prevalent in the ambience. 1/6th of wor...Background: Poverty is an important surrogate marker for obstructive airway diseases (OAD). Slum constitutes a habitat wherein various poverty related parameters are perpetually prevalent in the ambience. 1/6th of world population lives in slums yet there is no information regarding their health status in context to asthma and COPD. Aims: We investigated the prevalence of asthma and chronic-bronchitis symptoms and associated risk-factors in slum habitats of Pune city. Methodology: 7062 adult slum-dwellers living in 12 slums of Pune city were cross-sectionally interviewed by local healthcare workers with respiratory health questionnaire which was designed using respiratory symptoms of validated European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS II) questionnaire and International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IUATLD) bronchial symptoms questionnaire. Results: The overall prevalence of selfreported asthma symptoms was 10% (18 - 40 years: 6.5%;>40 years: 13.5%). The overall prevalence of chronic bronchitis was 8.5% [18 - 40 years: 7% (males: 7%, females: 7%);>40 years: 10% (males: 10%, females: 10%)]. Increasing age (p = 0.00), female gender (p = 0.001), unemployment (0.00) current smoking (p = 0.00) and ex-smoking (p = 0.004) emerged as significant risk factor for asthma. While, ex-smoking (p = 0.004) and low-education status (p = 0.00) emerged as significant risk factors for chronic bronchitis. Conclusion: In slums reporting of asthma and chronic-bronchitis symptoms was much higher than what has been reported earlier from India. Asthma was commonly seen in females, old age, unemployed and ever-smokers. While chronic bronchitis was commonly seen in ex-smokers and illiterate subjects. Chronic bronchitis was equally distributed amongst male and females, despite 0% prevalence of smoking in females.展开更多
The dying liver causes the suffocation of the kidneys,which is a simplified way of describing the pathophysiology of hepatorenal syndrome(HRS).HRS is characterized by reversible functional renal impairment due to redu...The dying liver causes the suffocation of the kidneys,which is a simplified way of describing the pathophysiology of hepatorenal syndrome(HRS).HRS is characterized by reversible functional renal impairment due to reduced blood supply and glomerular filtration rate,secondary to increased vasodilators.Over the years,HRS has gained much attention and focus among hepatologists and nephrologists.HRS is a diagnosis of exclusion,and in some cases,it carries a poor prognosis.Different classifications have emerged to better understand,diagnose,and promptly treat this condition.This targeted review aims to provide substantial insight into the epidemiology,pathophysiology,diagnosis,and management of HRS,shed light on the various milestones of this condition,and add to our current understanding.展开更多
This work deals with geopolymers based on local Jordanian resources, namely, kaolin and zeoltitic (phillipsite) tuff. The geopolymers were prepared from these two materials by a reaction with an alkali solution at 80o...This work deals with geopolymers based on local Jordanian resources, namely, kaolin and zeoltitic (phillipsite) tuff. The geopolymers were prepared from these two materials by a reaction with an alkali solution at 80oC. The research group of the present work has demonstrated in previous work that addition of zeolitic tuff to kaolin based-geopolymers increases the adsorption capacity toward Cu(II) metal ion compared to zeolite-free geopolymers, while retaining high mechanical strength. The aim of the present work is to extend our work and to study the effect of changing geopolymers components (zeolitic tuff and kaolin) on their adsorption properties toward Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II) metal ions. Both isothermal and kinetic studies revealed that increasing the zeolitic tuff: kaolin ratio improves the adsorption capacity of geopolymer toward metal ions. The adsorption capacity of the geopolymers of 150: 50 zeolites: kaolin content was found to be higher than that of the raw materials themselves. The rate of adsorption of geopolymers was found to be lower than that of raw materials due to kinetic limitations imposed by the formation of geopolymerization network. The selectivity of geopolymers toward adsorption of? metal ions was found to be distinct from raw zeolite and kaolin where the adsorption onto geopolymers was found to be more preferential for small size metal ions (Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II)) than for large size metal ions (Pb(II), Cd(II)). The adsorption of Cu(II) and Pb(II) onto geopolymers did not decrease with competition with other metal ions, which indicates cooperative adsorption. The adsorption process of metal ions onto geopolymers was found to be reversible that indicates that metal ions are bound by physical cation exchange to the exchangeable sites of unreacted phillipsite and new amorphous geopolymer sites. Leaching of metal ions from raw kaolin was much more effective than geopolymers and zeolite because of compact structure of geopolymers.展开更多
AIM To investigate any changing trends in the etiologies of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) in Argentina during the last years. METHODS A longitudinal cohort study was conducted by 14 regional hospitals starting in 2009...AIM To investigate any changing trends in the etiologies of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) in Argentina during the last years. METHODS A longitudinal cohort study was conducted by 14 regional hospitals starting in 2009 through 2016. All adult patients with newly diagnosed HCC either with pathology or imaging criteria were included. Patients were classified as presenting non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) either by histology or clinically, provided that all other etiologies of liver disease were ruled out, fatty liver was present on abdominal ultrasound and alcohol consumption was excluded. Complete follow-up was assessed in all included subjects since the date of HCC diagnosis until death or last medical visit.RESULTS A total of 708 consecutive adults with HCC were included. Six out of 14 hospitals were liver transplant centers(n = 484). The prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 27.7%. Overall, HCV was the main cause of liver disease related with HCC(37%) including cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic patients, followed by alcoholic liver disease 20.8%, NAFLD 11.4%, cryptogenic 9.6%, HBV 5.4% infection, cholestatic disease and autoimmune hepatitis 2.2%, and other causes 9.9%. A 6-fold increase in the percentage corresponding to NAFLDHCC was detected when the starting year, i.e., 2009 was compared to the last one, i.e., 2015(4.3% vs 25.6%; P < 0.0001). Accordingly, a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus was present in NAFLD-HCC group 61.7% when compared to other than NAFLD-HCC 23.3%(P < 0.0001). Lower median AFP values at HCC diagnosis were observed between NAFLD-HCC and non-NAFLD groups(6.6 ng/m L vs 26 ng/m L; P = 0.02). Neither NAFLD nor other HCC etiologies were associated with higher mortality.CONCLUSION The growing incidence of NAFLD-HCC documented in the United States and Europe is also observed in Argentina, a confirmation with important Public Health implications.展开更多
BACKGROUND Right hemicolectomy or ileocecal resection are used to treat benign conditions like Crohn’s disease(CD)and malignant ones like colon cancer(CC).AIM To investigate differences in pre-and peri-operative fact...BACKGROUND Right hemicolectomy or ileocecal resection are used to treat benign conditions like Crohn’s disease(CD)and malignant ones like colon cancer(CC).AIM To investigate differences in pre-and peri-operative factors and their impact on post-operative outcome in patients with CC and CD.METHODS This is a sub-group analysis of the European Society of Coloproctology’s prospective,multi-centre snapshot audit.Adult patients with CC and CD undergoing right hemicolectomy or ileocecal resection were included.Primary outcome measure was 30-d post-operative complications.Secondary outcome measures were post-operative length of stay(LOS)at and readmission.RESULTS Three hundred and seventy-five patients with CD and 2,515 patients with CC were included.Patients with CD were younger(median=37 years for CD and 71 years for CC(P<0.01),had lower American Society of Anesthesiology score(ASA)grade(P<0.01)and less comorbidity(P<0.01),but were more likely to be current smokers(P<0.01).Patients with CD were more frequently operated on by colorectal surgeons(P<0.01)and frequently underwent ileocecal resection(P<0.01)with higher rate of de-functioning/primary stoma construction(P<0.01).Thirty-day post-operative mortality occurred exclusively in the CC group(66/2515,2.3%).In multivariate analyses,the risk of post-operative complications was similar in the two groups(OR 0.80,95%CI:0.54-1.17;P=0.25).Patients with CD had a significantly longer LOS(Geometric mean 0.87,95%CI:0.79-0.95;P<0.01).There was no difference in re-admission rates.The audit did not collect data on post-operative enhanced recovery protocols that are implemented in the different participating centers.CONCLUSION Patients with CD were younger,with lower ASA grade,less comorbidity,operated on by experienced surgeons and underwent less radical resection but had a longer LOS than patients with CC although complications'rate was not different between the two groups.展开更多
Introduction: We still rely on clinical diagnosis for initiating empirical antibiotic therapy and await blood culture for confirmation of infection, species identification and drug sensitivity. Differential blood cell...Introduction: We still rely on clinical diagnosis for initiating empirical antibiotic therapy and await blood culture for confirmation of infection, species identification and drug sensitivity. Differential blood cell count (WBC and neutrophils) and recording of toxic granules in the neutrophils are established methods for indirect diagnosis of infection though they are not used in the diagnosis of sepsis per se. Serum Procalcitonin is considered as a good biomarker in the management of sepsis. Materials and Methods: Whole blood and serum were used for laboratory analysis. We have combined the detection of toxic granules in the peripheral blood smear and serum PCT levels for diagnosis and monitoring the recovery of a patient with septic shock. A 63 year old laminectomy patient was transferred 2 days after the surgery to our hospital with several co-morbidities and complications. He was in septic shock and was put on Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy, with ionotropic support and IV fluids via nasogastric feeding and administration of Activated Protein C. Blood culture and daily measurements of serum Procalcitonin, differential blood cells count, and observation of toxic granules in neutrophils were done. Results: The blood culture showed infection due to K. pneumoniae resistant to carbapenems. WBC and Neutrophil counts were quite variable and showed incoherent response to treatment. Serum PCT was 24.57 ng/mL on the next day of admission and it peaked at 30.2 ng/mL on day 3. Its level started decreasing from the 4th day. Toxic granules disappeared when serum PCT levels reached < 1 ng/mL. The patient responded well to treatment and he was discharged on the 16th day upon request. Conclusion: This case is presented as an example of managing sepsis with a combination of a conventional hematology marker and a modern biomarker. Resource poor hospitals with inadequate microbiology services, may evaluate and use these two biomarkers not only for the total management of sepsis but also to reduce the cost of critical care.展开更多
Background:Ginkgo flavone aglycones(GA),a Ginkgo(Ginkgo biloba)extract,has been proven to have good biological activity in atherosclerosis(AS)treatment.Moreover,its active compounds and the corresponding mechanism for...Background:Ginkgo flavone aglycones(GA),a Ginkgo(Ginkgo biloba)extract,has been proven to have good biological activity in atherosclerosis(AS)treatment.Moreover,its active compounds and the corresponding mechanism for the treatment of AS remain unclear.Methods:To evaluate and identify the potential pharmacological mechanisms of GA in AS treatment,the program Cytoscape was used to generate network mappings of the GA-AS-potential target gene.GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed to further investigate the potential mechanism of AS and the pharmacological properties of GA.A molecular docking approach was utilized to determine the GA components that interact with Akt.In vitro experiments were carried out to identify the anti-atherosclerotic effects of GA by targeting Akt.Results:Network pharmacological research determined that the active components of GA(quercetin,kaempferol,and isorhamnetin)correlated with AS target genes such as AKT1,EGFR,SRC,ESR1,PTGS2,MMP9,KDR,GSK3B,APP,and MMP2,respectively.GO enrichment and KEGG analysis showed that PI3K-Akt signaling may play an important role in GA treatment.Molecular docking experiments indicated that quercetin,kaempferol,and isorhamnetin integrate into the binding pockets of the most potentially beneficial GA-AS target protein(Akt).Consequently,cell experiments were conducted to support the anti-atherosclerotic activity of GA on AS by inhibiting the phosphorylation of AKT1 and its downstream signaling molecules,which regulated the proliferation of HASMCs.Conclusion:Our results detailed GA's active ingredients,potential targets,and molecular basis against AS.GA may exert anti-atherosclerotic effects by suppressing Akt phosphorylation and inhibiting the proliferation of HASMCs.It also proposed a viable approach to determining the scientific foundation and therapeutic mechanism of Chinese herbal medicine extracts in disease therapy.展开更多
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has left a significant impact on the world's health,economic and political systems;as of November 20,2020,more than 57 million people have been infected worldwide,with ...BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has left a significant impact on the world's health,economic and political systems;as of November 20,2020,more than 57 million people have been infected worldwide,with over 1.3 million deaths.While the global spotlight is currently focused on combating this pandemic through means ranging from finding a treatment among existing therapeutic agents to inventing a vaccine that can aid in halting the further loss of life.AIM To collect all systematic reviews and meta-analyses published related to COVID-19 to better identify available evidence,highlight gaps in knowledge,and elucidate further meta-analyses and umbrella reviews that are yet to be performed.METHODS We explored studies based on systematic reviews and meta-analyses with the keyterms,including severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS),SARS virus,coronavirus disease,COVID-19,and SARS coronavirus-2.The included studies were extracted from Embase,Medline,and Cochrane databases.The publication timeframe of included studies ranged between January 01,2020,to October 30,2020.Studies that were published in languages other than English were not considered for this systematic review.The finalized full-text articles are freely accessible in the public domain.RESULTS Searching Embase,Medline,and Cochrane databases resulted in 1906,669,and 19 results,respectively,that comprised 2594 studies.515 duplicates were subsequently removed,leaving 2079 studies.The inclusion criteria were systematic reviews or meta-analyses.860 results were excluded for being a review article,scope review,rapid review,panel review,or guideline that produced a total of 1219 studies.After screening articles were categorized,the included articles were put into main groups of clinical presentation,epi-demiology,screening and diagnosis,severity assessment,special populations,and treatment.Subsequently,there was a second subclassification into the following groups:gastrointestinal,cardiovascular,neurological,stroke,thrombosis,anosmia and dysgeusia,ocular manifestations,nephrology,cutaneous manifestations,D-dimer,lymphocyte,anticoagulation,antivirals,convalescent plasma,immunosuppressants,corticosteroids,hydroxychloroquine,renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system,technology,diabetes mellitus,obesity,pregnancy,children,mental health,smoking,cancer,and transplant.CONCLUSION Among the included articles,it is clear that further research is needed regarding treatment options and vaccines.With more studies,data will be less heterogeneous,and statistical analysis can be better applied to provide more robust clinical evidence.This study was not designed to give recommendations regarding the management of COVID-19.展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Grant 11962006the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province of China Grant 20232BAB204067.
文摘Quantitative detection of sleeve grouting compactness is a technical challenge in civil engineering testing.This study explores a novel quantitative detection method based on ultrasonic time-frequency dual-domain analysis.It establishes a mapping relationship between sleeve grouting compactness and characteristic parameters.First,this study made samples with gradient defects for two types of grouting sleeves,G18 and G20.These included four cases:2D,4D,6D defects(where D is the diameter of the grouting sleeve),and no-defect.Then,an ultrasonic input/output data acquisition system was established.Three-dimensional sound field distribution data were obtained through an orthogonal detection layout and pulse reflection principles.Finally,a novel quantification detection with a comprehensive defect index(DI)was established by comprehensively considering eight feature parameters,such as time-frequency domain Kurtosis factor(KU),Skewness factor(SK),Formfactor(FF),Crest factor(CF),Impulse factor(IF),Clearance factor(CLF),Wavelet packet energy entropy(WPEE),and Hilbert energy peak(HEP).Construct a DI index by quantifying the difference between defect signals and defect free signals in the time-frequency domain.Experimental results show that,under no-defect conditions,the values of feature parameters are significantly lower than those under defect conditions.Among these,the KU,FF,CF,WPEE and HEP exhibit strong correlations with grout sleeve compactness.The proposed DI index in both types of grout sleeves showed good universality with a linear fit goodness of 0.847–0.962.However,G20 the larger inner diameter and length of the sleeve result in a more complex medium effect during ultrasonic propagation,making its DI index more sensitive to defects than the G18 sleeve.Therefore,the presented method is effective for quantitative detection and analysis of the compactness of grouting sleeves.
基金supported by the Key Program of Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(ZD2020C008)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071519)+2 种基金the Heilongjiang University Graduate Innovation Research Project(YJSCX2022-031HLJU)the Qiqihar Science and Technology Plan Joint Guidance Project(LSFGG-2022037)Scientific Research Project of Ecological Environment Protection of Heilongjiang Provincial Department of Ecological Environment(HST2022TR004)。
文摘During obesity treatment,clinicians have been burdened by the ever-increasing number of patients and the side effects of drug treatment.Finding new plant-derived active ingredients as an intervention for obesity has become a research focus.In this study,Plackett-Burman and Central Composite Design experiments,plant-wide target metabolomics technology,simulated human colon fermentation test,and cell experiment in vitro were successively used to investigate the effects of fermented and unfermented polyphenols(FP and UP,respectively)of blue honeysuckle on obesity.After the optimization of the response surface method,polyphenol content((1878.08±14.53)mg/100 g)increased by 2.63 times after Lactobacillus rhamnosus 6224 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae W5 mixed fermentation.There were 23 significantly different metabolites were observed in FP and UP.Of them,7 different metabolites were significantly and positively correlated with short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),whereas negatively correlated with lipopolysaccharides(LPS).The contents of these 7 metabolites were significantly increased in FP.Furthermore,the effects of FP and UP on the SCFA biosynthesis pathway were different.Cell experiments revealed that polyphenols can significantly promote the secretion of gastrointestinal endogenous hormones and insulin and inhibit interleukin-6 levels.Linear regression analysis revealed SCFAs had a positive regulatory effect on glycolipid metabolism,whereas LPS had a negative effect.Overall,these crucial findings provide an economical and simple method for obtaining blue honeysuckle polyphenols and laying a theoretical foundation for its application in the therapeutic intervention against obesity.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82403279 and No.82303181.
文摘BACKGROUND The histone deacetylases 10(HDAC10)is a HDAC family member,yet its importance in the context of colorectal cancer(CRC)development remains incompletely understood.The present study was thus developed to explore the mechanistic importance of HDAC10 as a regulator of CRC.AIM To investigate the impact of HDAC10 on tumor growth and its regulation in tumor microenvironment(TME)in CRC,we conducted this study.METHODS The study evaluated HDAC10 expression using immunohistochemistry analyses and assessed its prognostic value in CRC patients.HDAC10 depletion CRC cell lines were generated,and its biological functions were assessed through cell counting kit-8,wound healing,and colony formation assays.Furthermore,gene set variation analysis(GSVA)was employed to explore the potential molecular mechanisms of HDAC10 in CRC.The impact of HDAC10 on TME was subsequently assessed.Finally,the study investigated the influence of HDAC10 on the response to immunotherapy and chemotherapeutic drugs in CRC.RESULTS HDAC10 expression was significantly elevated in CRC and correlated with poor prognosis in patients.Knockdown of HDAC10 reduced colon cancer cell proliferation and migration capabilities.GSVA revealed a strong association between high HDAC10 expression and immune suppression.Additionally,high HDAC10 levels were correlated with a non-inflamed TME.Finally,patients with high HDAC10 expression showed reduced sensitivity to immuno-therapy.CONCLUSION This study revealed the significance of HDAC10 in TME,therapy efficacy,and clinical prognosis in CRC,offering novel insights for therapeutic advancements in CRC.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.31571236(to YHK)the Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration(Peking University),Ministry of Education,China,No.BMU2019XY007-01(to YHK)+1 种基金the Ministry of Education Innovation Program of China,No.IRT_16R01(to YHK)the Research and Development Funds of Peking University People’s Hospital,China,Nos.RDH2017-01(to YHK),RDY2018-09(to HL)。
文摘Neutrophil peptide 1 belongs to a family of peptides involved in innate immunity. Continuous intramuscular injection of neutrophil peptide 1 can promote the regeneration of peripheral nerves, but clinical application in this manner is not convenient. To this end, the effects of a single intraoperative administration of neutrophil peptide 1 on peripheral nerve regeneration were experimentally observed. A rat model of sciatic nerve crush injury was established using the clamp method. After model establishment, a normal saline group and a neutrophil peptide 1 group were injected with a single dose of normal saline or 10 μg/mL neutrophil peptide 1, respectively. A sham group, without sciatic nerve crush was also prepared as a control. Sciatic nerve function tests, neuroelectrophysiological tests, and hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that the nerve conduction velocity, sciatic functional index, and tibialis anterior muscle fiber cross-sectional area were better in the neutrophil peptide 1 group than in the normal saline group at 4 weeks after surgery. At 4 and 8 weeks after surgery, there were no differences in the wet weight of the tibialis anterior muscle between the neutrophil peptide 1 and saline groups. Histological staining of the sciatic nerve showed no significant differences in the number of myelinated nerve fibers or the axon cross-sectional area between the neutrophil peptide 1 and normal saline groups. The above data confirmed that a single dose of neutrophil peptide 1 during surgery can promote the recovery of neurological function 4 weeks after sciatic nerve injury. All the experiments were approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Peking University People's Hospital, China(approval No. 2015-50) on December 9, 2015.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China,No. 2016YFC1101604 (to YHK)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Clinical Medicine Plus X-Young Scholars Project of Peking University,No. PKU2020LCXQ020 (to YHK)+2 种基金the Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration (Peking University),Ministry of Education of China,No. BMU2019XY007-01 (to YHK)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of China,Nos. 2019A1515110983 (to FY) and 2019A1515011290 (to FY)Shenzhen “San-Ming” Project of Medicine of China,No. SZSM201612092 (to FY)。
文摘Peripheral nerves have a limited capacity for self-repair and those that are severely damaged or have significant defects are challenging to repair. Investigating the pathophysiology of peripheral nerve repair is important for the clinical treatment of peripheral nerve repair and regeneration. In this study, rat models of right sciatic nerve injury were established by a clamping method. Protein chip assay was performed to quantify the levels of neurotrophic, inflammation-related, chemotaxis-related and cell generation-related factors in the sciatic nerve within 7 days after injury. The results revealed that the expression levels of neurotrophic factors(ciliary neurotrophic factor) and inflammationrelated factors(intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1, interferon γ, interleukin-1α, interleukin-2, interleukin-4, interleukin-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, prolactin R, receptor of advanced glycation end products and tumor necrosis factor-α), chemotaxis-related factors(cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1, L-selectin and platelet-derived growth factor-AA) and cell generation-related factors(granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) followed different trajectories. These findings will help clarify the pathophysiology of sciatic nerve injury repair and develop clinical treatments of peripheral nerve injury. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Peking University People's Hospital of China(approval No. 2015-50) on December 9, 2015.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81603402,82060798,81860791the Special Fund Project for Graduate Innovation of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine,No.JZYC22S77+3 种基金a Special Fund Project for Graduate Innovation of Jiangxi Province,No.YC2022-s840,YC2022-B188Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Innovation Team Development Program,No.CXTD22008the Young and Middle-aged Backbone Talent Project of Jiangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,No.[2020]05Young Qhuang Scholars support Project of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,No.[2022]256.
文摘BACKGROUND Traditional Chinese medicine has used the drug Pien Tze Huang(PTH),a classic prescription,to treat autoimmune hepatitis(AIH).However,the precise mode of action is still unknown.AIM To investigate the mechanism of PTH in an AIH mouse model by determining the changes in gut microbiota structure and memory regulatory T(mTreg)cells functional levels.METHODS Following induction of the AIH mouse model induced by Concanavalin A(Con A),prophylactic administration of PTH was given for 10 d.The levels of mTreg cells were measured by flow cytometry,and intestinal microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA analysis,while western blotting was used to identify activation of the toll-like receptor(TLR)2,TLR4/nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB),and CXCL16/CXCR6 signaling pathways.RESULTS In the liver of mice with AIH,PTH relieved the pathological damage and reduced the numbers of T helper type 17 cells and interferon-γ,tumor necrosis factor-alpha,interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-2,IL-6,and IL-21 expression.Simultaneously,PTH stimulated the abundance of helpful bacteria,promoted activation of the TLR2 signal,which may enhance Treg/mTreg cells quantity to produce IL-10,and suppressed activation of the TLR4/NF-κB and CXCL16/CXCR6 signaling pathways.CONCLUSION PTH regulates intestinal microbiota balance and restores mTreg cells to alleviate experimental AIH,which is closely related to the TLR/CXCL16/CXCR6/NF-κB signaling pathway.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.31571236(to YHK)Science and Technology Planning Project of Beijing of China,No D161100002816001+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2016YFC1101604(to DYZ)the Ministry of Education Innovation Program of China,No.IRT_16R01.
文摘Complex pathological changes occur during the development of spinal cord injury(SCI),and determining the underlying molecular events that occur during SCI is necessary for the development of promising molecular targets and therapeutic strategies.This study was designed to explore differentially expressed genes(DEGs)associated with the acute and chronic stages of SCI using bioinformatics analysis.Gene expression profiles(GSE45006,GSE93249,and GSE45550)were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database.SCI-associated DEGs from rat samples were identified,and Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses were performed.In addition,a protein-protein interaction network was constructed.Approximately 66 DEGs were identified in GSE45550 between 3–14 days after SCI,whereas 2418 DEGs were identified in GSE450061–56 days after SCI.Moreover,1263,195,and 75 overlapping DEGs were identified between these two expression profiles,3,7/8,and 14 days after SCI,respectively.Additionally,16 overlapping DEGs were obtained in GSE450061–14 days after SCI,including Pank1,Hn1,Tmem150c,Rgd1309676,Lpl,Mdh1,Nnt,Loc100912219,Large1,Baiap2,Slc24a2,Fundc2,Mrps14,Slc16a7,Obfc1,and Alpk3.Importantly,3882 overlapping DEGs were identified in GSE932491–6 months after SCI,including 3316 protein-coding genes and 567 long non-coding RNA genes.A comparative analysis between GSE93249 and GSE45006 resulted in the enrichment of 1135 overlapping DEGs.The significant functions of these 1135 genes were correlated with the response to the immune effector process,the innate immune response,and cytokine production.Moreover,the biological processes and KEGG pathways of the overlapping DEGs were significantly enriched in immune system-related pathways,osteoclast differentiation,the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway,and the chemokine signaling pathway.Finally,an analysis of the overlapping DEGs associated with both acute and chronic SCI,assessed using the expression profiles GSE93249 and GSE45006,identified four overlapping DEGs:Slc16a7,Alpk3,Lpl and Nnt.These findings may be useful for revealing the biological processes associated with SCI and the development of targeted intervention strategies.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (85100929)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province,China (2018CFB302 and 2019CFB446)the Youth Fund of Health and Family Planning Commission of Wuhan Municipality,Hubei Province,China (WX18Q13 and WX18Q22)。
文摘In the central nervous system,hyperpolarizationactivated cyclic nucleotide-gated(HCN)channels are essential to maintain normal neuronal function.Recent studies have shown that HCN channels may be involved in the pathological process of ischemic brain injury,but the mechanisms remain unclear.Autophagy is activated in cerebral ischemia,but its role in cell death/survival remains controversial.In this study,our results showed that the HCN channel blocker ZD7288 remarkably decreased the percentage of apoptotic neurons and corrected the excessive autophagy induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation followed by reperfusion(OGD/R)in hippocampal HT22 neurons.Furthermore,in the OGD/R group,p-mTOR,p-ULK1(Ser757),and p62 were significantly decreased,while p-ULK1(Ser317),atg5,and beclin1 were remarkably increased.ZD7288 did not change the expression of p-ULK1(Ser757),ULK1(Ser317),p62,Beclin1,and atg5,which are involved in regulating autophagosome formation.Besides,we found that OGD/R induced a significant increase in Cathepsin D expression,but not LAMP-1.Treatment with ZD7288 at 10μmol/L in the OGD/R group did not change the expression of cathepsin D and LAMP-1.However,chloroquine(CQ),which decreases autophagosome-lysosome fusion,eliminated the correction of excessive autophagy and neuroprotection by ZD7288.Besides,shRNA knockdown of HCN2 channels significantly reduced the accumulation of LC3-Ⅱand increased neuron survival in the OGD/R and transient global cerebral ischemia(TGCI)models,and CQ also eliminated the effects of HCN2-shRNA.Furthermore,we found that the percentage of LC3-positive puncta that co-localized with LAMP-1-positive lysosomes decreased in Con-shRNAtransfected HT22 neurons exposed to OGD/R or CQ.In HCN2-shRNA-transfected HT22 neurons,the percentage of LC3-positive puncta that co-localized with LAMP-1-positive lysosomes increased under OGD/R;however,the percentage was significantly decreased by the addition of CQ to HCN2-shRNA-transfected HT22 neurons.The present results demonstrated that blockade of HCN2 channels provides neuroprotection against OGD/R and TGCI by accelerating autophagic degradation attributable to the promotion of autophagosome and lysosome fusion.
文摘AIM: To demographically and clinically characterize inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) from the local registry and update data previously published by our group.METHODS: A descriptive study of a cohort based on a registry of patients aged 15 years or older who were diagnosed with IBD and attended the IBD program at Clínica Las Condes in Santiago, Chile. The registry was created in April 2012 and includes patients registered up to October 2015. The information was anonymously downloaded in a monthly report, and the information on patients with more than one visit was updated. The registry includes demographic, clinical and disease characteristics, including the Montreal Classification, medical treatment, surgeries and hospitalizations for crisis. Data regarding infection with Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) were incorporated in the registry in 2014. Data for patients who received consultations as second opinions and continued treatment at this institution were also analyzed.RESULTS: The study included 716 patients with IBD: 508 patients (71%) were diagnosed with ulcerative colitis (UC), 196 patients (27%) were diagnosed with Crohn’s disease (CD) and 12 patients (2%) were diagnosed with unclassifiable IBD. The UC/CD ratio was 2.6/1. The median age was 36 years (range 16-88), and 58% of the patients were female, with a median age at diagnosis of 29 years (range 5-76). In the past 15 years, a sustained increase in the number of patients diagnosed with IBD was observed, where 87% of the patients were diagnosed between the years 2001 and 2015. In the cohort examined in the present study, extensive colitis (50%) and colonic involvement (44%) predominated in the patients with UC and CD, respectively. In CD patients, non-stricturing/non-penetrating behavior was more frequent (80%), and perianal disease was observed in 28% of the patients. There were significant differences in treatment between UC and CD, with a higher use of corticosteroids, and immunosuppressive and biological therapies was observed in the patients with CD (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01). Significant surgical differences were also observed: 5% of the UC patients underwent surgery, whereas 38% of the CD patients required at least one surgery (P < 0.01). The patients with CD were hospitalized more often during their disease course than the patients with UC (55% and 35% of the patients, respectively; P < 0.01). C. difficile infection was acquired by 5% of the patients in each group at some point during the disease course. Nearly half of the patients consulted at the institution for a second opinion, and 32% of these individuals continued treatment at the institution.CONCLUSION: IBD has continued to increase in the study cohort, slowly approaching the level reported in developed countries.
文摘Objective: To determine the efficacy and tolerability of a long-acting intramuscular formulation of Nalmefene (Nalmefene Consta 393.1 mg) for the treatment of opioid-dependent patients. Design, Setting, and Participants: A 12 weeks, open-label, randomised controlled trial conducted between June 2009-July 2011, at 14 Hospital-based drug clinics, in the 12 countries. Participants were 18 years or older, had Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 opioid use disorder. Of the 3200 individuals screened, 3000 (93.7%) adults were randomized 1500 participants to receive injections of Long-acting depot formulations ofNalmefene (Nalmefene Consta 393.1 mg) given intramuscularly once in 12 weeks and 1500participants to receive extended-release Naltrexone (Vivitrol 380 mg), administered intramuscularly every fourth week for 12 weeks. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary endpoints (protocol) were: Confirmed Opioid abstinence (percentage i.e. the number of patients who achieved complete abstinence during week 12). Confirmed abstinence or “opioid-free” was defined as a negative urine drug test for opioids and no self-reported opioid use. Weeks 1 - 4 were omitted from this endpoint to allow for stabilization of abstinence. Secondary end points included a number of days in treatment, treatment retention and craving. The study also investigated, on 275 participants, degree and time course of mu-opioid receptor occupancy following single doses of Nalmefene extended-release injection (Nalmefene Consta 393.1 mg) as well as the plasma concentration of Nalmefene and Nalmefene-3-O-glucuronide. Safety was assessed by adverse event reporting. Results: Of 3000 participants, mean (SD) age was 27.1 (±4.8) years and 831 (27.7%) were women. 1500 individuals were randomized to receive injections of Long-acting depot formulations of Nalmefene (Nalmefene Consta 393.1 mg) and 1500 to receive injections of extended-release Naltrexone (Vivitrol 380 mg);2088 participants (69.6.0%) completed the trial. Primary endpoints: Confirmed Opioid Abstinence: Complete abstinence was sustained by 86% (n = 1290) of Nalmefene patients (patients treated with Nalmefene Consta 393.1 mg, long-acting depot formulations) compared with 43% (n = 645) of patients treated with extended-release Naltrexone 380 mg (Vivitrol), during weeks 5 - 12 (χ2 = 672.34, P Secondary Endpoint: Craving: A statistically and clinically significant reduction in opioid craving was observed with Nalmefene (Nalmefene Consta 393.1 mg, long-acting depot formulations) vs. Naltrexone (extended-release Naltrexone, Vivitrol 380 mg) by week 4 (P =0.0048), which persisted every week through 12 (P < 0.0001). Patients given Nalmefene (Nalmefene Consta 393.1 mg, long-acting depot formulations) had a 75% decrease in craving from baseline to week 12. Patients given a Naltrexone (extended-release Naltrexone, Vivitrol 380 mg) had a 3% increase in craving from baseline to week 12 (Mean change in self-reporting craving). Secondary Endpoint: Treatment Retention: Long-acting intramuscular formulation of Nalmefene (Nalmefene Consta 393.1 mg) helped significantly more patients complete 12 weeks treatment (n = 1245, 83%) compared with extended-release Naltrexone (Vivitrol 380 mg) (n = 570, 38%) (χ2 = 635.53, P < 0.0001). Patients on long-acting intramuscular formulation of Nalmefene (Nalmefene Consta 393.1 mg) had longer treatment retention than patients on extended-release Naltrexone (Vivitrol 380 mg). Concentrations of Nalmefene and Nalmefene-3-O-Glucuronide in Plasma: Analyses were made of 275 study sample. There was no statistically significant difference for plasma nalmefene concentrations between days 2 and 84 (p = 0.416). The plasma concentration of Nalmefene were 20.3 and 28.5 ng/ml and concentrations of nalmefene-3-O-glucuronide were 2.1 and 4.1 ng/ml, respectively. Plasma levels of Nalmefene remained above 20 ng/ml for approximately 12 weeks after administration of Nalmefene, long-acting depot formulations (Nalmefene Consta 393.1 mg). PET Assessments: Very high mu-opioid receptor occupancy by Nalmefene was detected 1 day after treatments at which time point the occupancy was 100.0% after Nalmefene injection (Nalmefene Consta 393.1 mg). Nalmefene Consta 393.1 mg injection (long-acting intramuscular formulation of Nalmefene) led to a very high occupancy ofmu-opioid receptors in all brain areas examined;the thalamus, caudate nucleus, and frontal cortex. Depending on the brain area mu-opioid receptor occupancy varied between 83.0% and 85.8% 84 days after dosing. Adverse Reactions: Adverse events were similar in opioid-dependent patients treated with long-acting intramuscular formulation of Nalmefene (Nalmefene Consta 393.1 mg) vs. patients treated with extended-release Naltrexone (Vivitrol 380 mg). Conclusions and Relevance: Long-acting depot formulations of Nalmefene (Nalmefene Consta 393.1 mg) was more effective then extended-release Naltrexone (Vivitrol 380 mg) in maintaining short-term abstinence from heroin and should be considered as a treatment option for opioid-dependent individuals.
文摘Through the analysis of the operation of China’s agricultural science technological and development process, the paper summed up the basic experience of agricultural science technological park and operation mode, in order to run at all levels of agricultural science technological park of science and regional some beneficial references for the development of agricultural economy.
基金Sigma Theta Tau Chi Chapter,American Association of Nurse Practitioners,and Ethan M.Lindberg Foundation.
文摘Objective To examine the resilience of parents of children with congenital heart disease and to investigate socio-demographic factors that may influence parents’resilience.Methods This is a web-based survey study using a cross-sectional design.A purposive sampling method was utilized to recruit 515 parents who care for children with congenital heart disease.Resilience was assessed using the Dispositional Resilience Scale-Ⅱ.Based on expert-interviews,a questionnaire was designed to collect socio-demographic data.Descriptive statistics,factor analysis,and linear regressions were used to analyze data.Results A total of 413 parents completed the survey study.The mean resilience score was 3.75(SD=0.61;range=1.89–4.89)with higher scores indicating higher resilience.The linear regression models demonstrated that parents who had lower education levels and lower gross household income had lower resilience(P<0.05).Conclusions Parents reported resilience that reflected their ability to cope with stressful events and mitigate stressors associated with having and caring for children with congenital heart disease.Lower education levels and lower gross household income are associated with lower resilience.To increase parents’resilience,nursing practice and nurse-led interventions should target screening and providing support for parents at-risk for lower resilience.As lower education level and financial hardship are factors that are difficult to modify through personal efforts,charitable foundations,federal and state governments should consider programs that would provide financial and health literacy support for parents at-risk for lower resilience.
文摘Background: Poverty is an important surrogate marker for obstructive airway diseases (OAD). Slum constitutes a habitat wherein various poverty related parameters are perpetually prevalent in the ambience. 1/6th of world population lives in slums yet there is no information regarding their health status in context to asthma and COPD. Aims: We investigated the prevalence of asthma and chronic-bronchitis symptoms and associated risk-factors in slum habitats of Pune city. Methodology: 7062 adult slum-dwellers living in 12 slums of Pune city were cross-sectionally interviewed by local healthcare workers with respiratory health questionnaire which was designed using respiratory symptoms of validated European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS II) questionnaire and International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IUATLD) bronchial symptoms questionnaire. Results: The overall prevalence of selfreported asthma symptoms was 10% (18 - 40 years: 6.5%;>40 years: 13.5%). The overall prevalence of chronic bronchitis was 8.5% [18 - 40 years: 7% (males: 7%, females: 7%);>40 years: 10% (males: 10%, females: 10%)]. Increasing age (p = 0.00), female gender (p = 0.001), unemployment (0.00) current smoking (p = 0.00) and ex-smoking (p = 0.004) emerged as significant risk factor for asthma. While, ex-smoking (p = 0.004) and low-education status (p = 0.00) emerged as significant risk factors for chronic bronchitis. Conclusion: In slums reporting of asthma and chronic-bronchitis symptoms was much higher than what has been reported earlier from India. Asthma was commonly seen in females, old age, unemployed and ever-smokers. While chronic bronchitis was commonly seen in ex-smokers and illiterate subjects. Chronic bronchitis was equally distributed amongst male and females, despite 0% prevalence of smoking in females.
文摘The dying liver causes the suffocation of the kidneys,which is a simplified way of describing the pathophysiology of hepatorenal syndrome(HRS).HRS is characterized by reversible functional renal impairment due to reduced blood supply and glomerular filtration rate,secondary to increased vasodilators.Over the years,HRS has gained much attention and focus among hepatologists and nephrologists.HRS is a diagnosis of exclusion,and in some cases,it carries a poor prognosis.Different classifications have emerged to better understand,diagnose,and promptly treat this condition.This targeted review aims to provide substantial insight into the epidemiology,pathophysiology,diagnosis,and management of HRS,shed light on the various milestones of this condition,and add to our current understanding.
文摘This work deals with geopolymers based on local Jordanian resources, namely, kaolin and zeoltitic (phillipsite) tuff. The geopolymers were prepared from these two materials by a reaction with an alkali solution at 80oC. The research group of the present work has demonstrated in previous work that addition of zeolitic tuff to kaolin based-geopolymers increases the adsorption capacity toward Cu(II) metal ion compared to zeolite-free geopolymers, while retaining high mechanical strength. The aim of the present work is to extend our work and to study the effect of changing geopolymers components (zeolitic tuff and kaolin) on their adsorption properties toward Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II) metal ions. Both isothermal and kinetic studies revealed that increasing the zeolitic tuff: kaolin ratio improves the adsorption capacity of geopolymer toward metal ions. The adsorption capacity of the geopolymers of 150: 50 zeolites: kaolin content was found to be higher than that of the raw materials themselves. The rate of adsorption of geopolymers was found to be lower than that of raw materials due to kinetic limitations imposed by the formation of geopolymerization network. The selectivity of geopolymers toward adsorption of? metal ions was found to be distinct from raw zeolite and kaolin where the adsorption onto geopolymers was found to be more preferential for small size metal ions (Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II)) than for large size metal ions (Pb(II), Cd(II)). The adsorption of Cu(II) and Pb(II) onto geopolymers did not decrease with competition with other metal ions, which indicates cooperative adsorption. The adsorption process of metal ions onto geopolymers was found to be reversible that indicates that metal ions are bound by physical cation exchange to the exchangeable sites of unreacted phillipsite and new amorphous geopolymer sites. Leaching of metal ions from raw kaolin was much more effective than geopolymers and zeolite because of compact structure of geopolymers.
文摘AIM To investigate any changing trends in the etiologies of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) in Argentina during the last years. METHODS A longitudinal cohort study was conducted by 14 regional hospitals starting in 2009 through 2016. All adult patients with newly diagnosed HCC either with pathology or imaging criteria were included. Patients were classified as presenting non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) either by histology or clinically, provided that all other etiologies of liver disease were ruled out, fatty liver was present on abdominal ultrasound and alcohol consumption was excluded. Complete follow-up was assessed in all included subjects since the date of HCC diagnosis until death or last medical visit.RESULTS A total of 708 consecutive adults with HCC were included. Six out of 14 hospitals were liver transplant centers(n = 484). The prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 27.7%. Overall, HCV was the main cause of liver disease related with HCC(37%) including cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic patients, followed by alcoholic liver disease 20.8%, NAFLD 11.4%, cryptogenic 9.6%, HBV 5.4% infection, cholestatic disease and autoimmune hepatitis 2.2%, and other causes 9.9%. A 6-fold increase in the percentage corresponding to NAFLDHCC was detected when the starting year, i.e., 2009 was compared to the last one, i.e., 2015(4.3% vs 25.6%; P < 0.0001). Accordingly, a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus was present in NAFLD-HCC group 61.7% when compared to other than NAFLD-HCC 23.3%(P < 0.0001). Lower median AFP values at HCC diagnosis were observed between NAFLD-HCC and non-NAFLD groups(6.6 ng/m L vs 26 ng/m L; P = 0.02). Neither NAFLD nor other HCC etiologies were associated with higher mortality.CONCLUSION The growing incidence of NAFLD-HCC documented in the United States and Europe is also observed in Argentina, a confirmation with important Public Health implications.
文摘BACKGROUND Right hemicolectomy or ileocecal resection are used to treat benign conditions like Crohn’s disease(CD)and malignant ones like colon cancer(CC).AIM To investigate differences in pre-and peri-operative factors and their impact on post-operative outcome in patients with CC and CD.METHODS This is a sub-group analysis of the European Society of Coloproctology’s prospective,multi-centre snapshot audit.Adult patients with CC and CD undergoing right hemicolectomy or ileocecal resection were included.Primary outcome measure was 30-d post-operative complications.Secondary outcome measures were post-operative length of stay(LOS)at and readmission.RESULTS Three hundred and seventy-five patients with CD and 2,515 patients with CC were included.Patients with CD were younger(median=37 years for CD and 71 years for CC(P<0.01),had lower American Society of Anesthesiology score(ASA)grade(P<0.01)and less comorbidity(P<0.01),but were more likely to be current smokers(P<0.01).Patients with CD were more frequently operated on by colorectal surgeons(P<0.01)and frequently underwent ileocecal resection(P<0.01)with higher rate of de-functioning/primary stoma construction(P<0.01).Thirty-day post-operative mortality occurred exclusively in the CC group(66/2515,2.3%).In multivariate analyses,the risk of post-operative complications was similar in the two groups(OR 0.80,95%CI:0.54-1.17;P=0.25).Patients with CD had a significantly longer LOS(Geometric mean 0.87,95%CI:0.79-0.95;P<0.01).There was no difference in re-admission rates.The audit did not collect data on post-operative enhanced recovery protocols that are implemented in the different participating centers.CONCLUSION Patients with CD were younger,with lower ASA grade,less comorbidity,operated on by experienced surgeons and underwent less radical resection but had a longer LOS than patients with CC although complications'rate was not different between the two groups.
文摘Introduction: We still rely on clinical diagnosis for initiating empirical antibiotic therapy and await blood culture for confirmation of infection, species identification and drug sensitivity. Differential blood cell count (WBC and neutrophils) and recording of toxic granules in the neutrophils are established methods for indirect diagnosis of infection though they are not used in the diagnosis of sepsis per se. Serum Procalcitonin is considered as a good biomarker in the management of sepsis. Materials and Methods: Whole blood and serum were used for laboratory analysis. We have combined the detection of toxic granules in the peripheral blood smear and serum PCT levels for diagnosis and monitoring the recovery of a patient with septic shock. A 63 year old laminectomy patient was transferred 2 days after the surgery to our hospital with several co-morbidities and complications. He was in septic shock and was put on Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy, with ionotropic support and IV fluids via nasogastric feeding and administration of Activated Protein C. Blood culture and daily measurements of serum Procalcitonin, differential blood cells count, and observation of toxic granules in neutrophils were done. Results: The blood culture showed infection due to K. pneumoniae resistant to carbapenems. WBC and Neutrophil counts were quite variable and showed incoherent response to treatment. Serum PCT was 24.57 ng/mL on the next day of admission and it peaked at 30.2 ng/mL on day 3. Its level started decreasing from the 4th day. Toxic granules disappeared when serum PCT levels reached < 1 ng/mL. The patient responded well to treatment and he was discharged on the 16th day upon request. Conclusion: This case is presented as an example of managing sepsis with a combination of a conventional hematology marker and a modern biomarker. Resource poor hospitals with inadequate microbiology services, may evaluate and use these two biomarkers not only for the total management of sepsis but also to reduce the cost of critical care.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Foundation of Basic Research Program of Guizhou Province([2023]General 371,[2020]1Y381)the Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Guizhou Province(QZYY-2018-130)+3 种基金the project of Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education,Zunyi Medicial University(No.qianjiaoheKYzi[2022]395)the Cultivation Plan of the NSFC(National Natural Science Foundation of China)of the affiliated hospital of Guizhou Medical University(GYFYNSFC-2021-55,GYFYNSFC-2021-56)the Cultivation Plan of the NSFC(National Natural Science Foundation of China)of Guizhou Medical University(21NSFCP13)the Science and Technology Foundation of Health Commission of Guizhou Province(gzwkj 2022-221).
文摘Background:Ginkgo flavone aglycones(GA),a Ginkgo(Ginkgo biloba)extract,has been proven to have good biological activity in atherosclerosis(AS)treatment.Moreover,its active compounds and the corresponding mechanism for the treatment of AS remain unclear.Methods:To evaluate and identify the potential pharmacological mechanisms of GA in AS treatment,the program Cytoscape was used to generate network mappings of the GA-AS-potential target gene.GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed to further investigate the potential mechanism of AS and the pharmacological properties of GA.A molecular docking approach was utilized to determine the GA components that interact with Akt.In vitro experiments were carried out to identify the anti-atherosclerotic effects of GA by targeting Akt.Results:Network pharmacological research determined that the active components of GA(quercetin,kaempferol,and isorhamnetin)correlated with AS target genes such as AKT1,EGFR,SRC,ESR1,PTGS2,MMP9,KDR,GSK3B,APP,and MMP2,respectively.GO enrichment and KEGG analysis showed that PI3K-Akt signaling may play an important role in GA treatment.Molecular docking experiments indicated that quercetin,kaempferol,and isorhamnetin integrate into the binding pockets of the most potentially beneficial GA-AS target protein(Akt).Consequently,cell experiments were conducted to support the anti-atherosclerotic activity of GA on AS by inhibiting the phosphorylation of AKT1 and its downstream signaling molecules,which regulated the proliferation of HASMCs.Conclusion:Our results detailed GA's active ingredients,potential targets,and molecular basis against AS.GA may exert anti-atherosclerotic effects by suppressing Akt phosphorylation and inhibiting the proliferation of HASMCs.It also proposed a viable approach to determining the scientific foundation and therapeutic mechanism of Chinese herbal medicine extracts in disease therapy.
文摘BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has left a significant impact on the world's health,economic and political systems;as of November 20,2020,more than 57 million people have been infected worldwide,with over 1.3 million deaths.While the global spotlight is currently focused on combating this pandemic through means ranging from finding a treatment among existing therapeutic agents to inventing a vaccine that can aid in halting the further loss of life.AIM To collect all systematic reviews and meta-analyses published related to COVID-19 to better identify available evidence,highlight gaps in knowledge,and elucidate further meta-analyses and umbrella reviews that are yet to be performed.METHODS We explored studies based on systematic reviews and meta-analyses with the keyterms,including severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS),SARS virus,coronavirus disease,COVID-19,and SARS coronavirus-2.The included studies were extracted from Embase,Medline,and Cochrane databases.The publication timeframe of included studies ranged between January 01,2020,to October 30,2020.Studies that were published in languages other than English were not considered for this systematic review.The finalized full-text articles are freely accessible in the public domain.RESULTS Searching Embase,Medline,and Cochrane databases resulted in 1906,669,and 19 results,respectively,that comprised 2594 studies.515 duplicates were subsequently removed,leaving 2079 studies.The inclusion criteria were systematic reviews or meta-analyses.860 results were excluded for being a review article,scope review,rapid review,panel review,or guideline that produced a total of 1219 studies.After screening articles were categorized,the included articles were put into main groups of clinical presentation,epi-demiology,screening and diagnosis,severity assessment,special populations,and treatment.Subsequently,there was a second subclassification into the following groups:gastrointestinal,cardiovascular,neurological,stroke,thrombosis,anosmia and dysgeusia,ocular manifestations,nephrology,cutaneous manifestations,D-dimer,lymphocyte,anticoagulation,antivirals,convalescent plasma,immunosuppressants,corticosteroids,hydroxychloroquine,renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system,technology,diabetes mellitus,obesity,pregnancy,children,mental health,smoking,cancer,and transplant.CONCLUSION Among the included articles,it is clear that further research is needed regarding treatment options and vaccines.With more studies,data will be less heterogeneous,and statistical analysis can be better applied to provide more robust clinical evidence.This study was not designed to give recommendations regarding the management of COVID-19.
