In the quest for effective solutions to address Environ.Pollut.and meet the escalating energy demands,heterojunction photocatalysts have emerged as a captivating and versatile technology.These photocatalysts have garn...In the quest for effective solutions to address Environ.Pollut.and meet the escalating energy demands,heterojunction photocatalysts have emerged as a captivating and versatile technology.These photocatalysts have garnered significant interest due to their wideranging applications,including wastewater treatment,air purification,CO_(2) capture,and hydrogen generation via water splitting.This technique harnesses the power of semiconductors,which are activated under light illumination,providing the necessary energy for catalytic reactions.With visible light constituting a substantial portion(46%)of the solar spectrum,the development of visible-light-driven semiconductors has become imperative.Heterojunction photocatalysts offer a promising strategy to overcome the limitations associated with activating semiconductors under visible light.In this comprehensive review,we present the recent advancements in the field of photocatalytic degradation of contaminants across diverse media,as well as the remarkable progress made in renewable energy production.Moreover,we delve into the crucial role played by various operating parameters in influencing the photocatalytic performance of heterojunction systems.Finally,we address emerging challenges and propose novel perspectives to provide valuable insights for future advancements in this dynamic research domain.By unraveling the potential of heterojunction photocatalysts,this reviewcontributes to the broader understanding of their applications and paves the way for exciting avenues of exploration and innovation.展开更多
The single-layer Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)/MXene has become a special electromagnetic wave absorber near the terahertz band because of its abundant surface groups and excellent conductivity.However,the macro-preparation of sin...The single-layer Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)/MXene has become a special electromagnetic wave absorber near the terahertz band because of its abundant surface groups and excellent conductivity.However,the macro-preparation of single-layer Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)/MXene shows significantly difficult to influence its application.The two-dimensional Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)is easily prepared to have high production,but its weak absorption ability due to high surface conductivity also restricts its application.To realize the strong electromagnetic wave absorption of two-dimensional Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)/MXene,a new strategy with magnetic FeNi nanoparticles decorating Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)/MXene composites(FeNi-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x))were proposed and the effective electromagnetic wave absorption features covering 170-220 GHz that means the absorption band width reach 50 GHz.With an absorber composite film thickness being only 0.6 mm,the absorptivity of the composite is enhanced with the increase of decorating FeNi nanoparticles and promote up to 75%when the FeNi nanoparticles loading content reaches 30 wt%.The improvement of absorption is attributed to the introduction of soft magnetic FeNi to adjust the high surface conductivity of MXene and improve the electromagnetic balance of the absorber.展开更多
The formation of the mammalian nervous system and its maturation into sensory,motor,cognitive,and behavioral circuits is a complex process that begins during early embryogenesis and lasts until young adulthood.Impaire...The formation of the mammalian nervous system and its maturation into sensory,motor,cognitive,and behavioral circuits is a complex process that begins during early embryogenesis and lasts until young adulthood.Impaired neurodevelopment can result in various neurological and psychiatric conditions,jointly named neurodevelopmental disorders(NDDs).展开更多
Dibromoethane is a widespread,persistent organic pollutant.Biochars are known mediators of reductive dehalogenation by layered Fe^(Ⅱ)-Fe^(Ⅲ)hydroxides(green rust),which can reduce 1,2-dibromoethane to innocuous brom...Dibromoethane is a widespread,persistent organic pollutant.Biochars are known mediators of reductive dehalogenation by layered Fe^(Ⅱ)-Fe^(Ⅲ)hydroxides(green rust),which can reduce 1,2-dibromoethane to innocuous bromide and ethylene.However,the critical characteristics that determine mediator functionality are lesser known.Fifteen biochar substrates were pyrolyzed at 600℃and 800℃,characterized by elemental analysis,X-ray photo spectrometry C and N surface speciation,X-ray powder diffraction,specific surface area analysis,and tested for mediation of reductive debromination of 1,2-dibromoethane by a green rust reductant under anoxic conditions.A statistical analysis was performed to determine the biochar properties,critical for debromination kinetics and total debromination extent.It was shown that selected plant based biochars can mediate debromination of 1,2-dibromoethane,that the highest first order rate constant was 0.082/hr,and the highest debromination extent was 27%in reactivity experiments with 0.1μmol(20μmol/L)1,2-dibromoethane,≈22 mmol/L Fe^(Ⅱ)GR,and 0.12 g/L soybean meal biochar(7 days).Contents of Ni,Zn,N,and P,and the relative contribution of quinone surface functional groups were significantly(p<0.05)positively correlated with 1,2-dibromoethane debromination,while adsorption,specific surface area,and the relative contribution of pyridinic N oxide surface groups were significantly negatively correlated with debromination.展开更多
Emerging new races of wheat stem rust(Puccinia graminis f.sp.tritici)are threatening global wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)production.Host resistance is the most effective and environmentally friendly method of controllin...Emerging new races of wheat stem rust(Puccinia graminis f.sp.tritici)are threatening global wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)production.Host resistance is the most effective and environmentally friendly method of controlling stem rust.The stem rust resistance gene Sr59 was previously identified within a T2DS 2RL wheat-rye whole arm translocation,providing broad-spectrum resistance to various stem rust races.Seedling evaluation,molecular marker analysis,and cytogenetic studies identified wheat-rye introgression line#284 containing a new translocation chromosome T2BL 2BS-2RL.This line has demonstrated broad-spectrum resistance to stem rust at the seedling stage.Seedling evaluation and cytogenetic analysis of three backcross populations between the line#284 and the adapted cultivars SLU-Elite,Navruz,and Linkert confirmed that Sr59 is located within the short distal 2RL translocation.This study aimed physical mapping of Sr59 in the 2RL introgression segment and develop a robust molecular marker for marker-assisted selection.Using genotyping-by-sequencing(GBS),GBS-derived SNPs were aligned with full-length annotated rye nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat(NLR)genes in the parental lines CS ph1b,SLU238,SLU-Elite,Navruz,and Linkert,as well as in 33 BC4F5progeny.Four NLR genes were identified on the 2R chromosome,with Chr2R_NLR_60 being tightly linked to the Sr59resistance gene.In-silico functional enrichment analysis of the translocated 2RL region(25,681,915 bp)identified 223 genes,with seven candidate genes associated with plant disease resistance and three linked to agronomic performance,contributing to oxidative stress response,protein kinase activity,and cellular homeostasis.These findings facilitate a better understanding of the genetic basis of stem rust resistance provided by Sr59.展开更多
Accurate Global Horizontal Irradiance(GHI)forecasting has become vital for successfully integrating solar energy into the electrical grid because of the expanding demand for green power and the worldwide shift favouri...Accurate Global Horizontal Irradiance(GHI)forecasting has become vital for successfully integrating solar energy into the electrical grid because of the expanding demand for green power and the worldwide shift favouring green energy resources.Particularly considering the implications of the aggressive GHG emission targets,accurate GHI forecasting has become vital for developing,designing,and operational managing solar energy systems.This research presented the core concepts of modelling and performance analysis of the application of various forecasting models such as ARIMA(Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average),Elaman NN(Elman Neural Network),RBFN(Radial Basis Function Neural Network),SVM(Support Vector Machine),LSTM(Long Short-Term Memory),Persistent,BPN(Back Propagation Neural Network),MLP(Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network),RF(Random Forest),and XGBoost(eXtreme Gradient Boosting)for assessing multi-seasonal forecasting of GHI.Used the India region data to evaluate the models’performance and forecasting ability.Research using forecasting models for seasonal Global Horizontal Irradiance(GHI)forecasting in winter,spring,summer,monsoon,and autumn.Substantiated performance effectiveness through evaluation metrics,such as Mean Absolute Error(MAE),Root Mean Squared Error(RMSE),and R-squared(R^(2)),coded using Python programming.The performance experimentation analysis inferred that the most accurate forecasts in all the seasons compared to the other forecasting models the Random Forest and eXtreme Gradient Boosting,are the superior and competing models that yield Winter season-based forecasting XGBoost is the best forecasting model with MAE:1.6325,RMSE:4.8338,and R^(2):0.9998.Spring season-based forecasting XGBoost is the best forecasting model with MAE:2.599599,RMSE:5.58539,and R^(2):0.999784.Summer season-based forecasting RF is the best forecasting model with MAE:1.03843,RMSE:2.116325,and R^(2):0.999967.Monsoon season-based forecasting RF is the best forecasting model with MAE:0.892385,RMSE:2.417587,and R^(2):0.999942.Autumn season-based forecasting RF is the best forecasting model with MAE:0.810462,RMSE:1.928215,and R^(2):0.999958.Based on seasonal variations and computing constraints,the findings enable energy system operators to make helpful recommendations for choosing the most effective forecasting models.展开更多
Dendrobium officinale is an orchid herb distinguished by its exceptional drought resistance capabilities.The remarkable drought tolerance of D.officinale stems from its structural and compositional features,including ...Dendrobium officinale is an orchid herb distinguished by its exceptional drought resistance capabilities.The remarkable drought tolerance of D.officinale stems from its structural and compositional features,including thick leaves and stems containing abundant polysaccharides and colloidal substances.Despite these adaptations,the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for enhanced drought tolerance remain inadequately understood.This study subjected D.officinale to water restriction for periods ranging from 1 to 6 months,conducting physiological and RNA sequencing analyses to elucidate its long-term dehydration response mechanisms and identify drought-protective genes.Following 6 months of dehydration,D.officinale maintained viability,demonstrated by rapid growth resumption after merely 2 d of rehydration.Transcriptome analysis of D.officinale plants under 1-month dehydration revealed differential gene expression across various processes,predominantly in stress responses,photosynthesis,phytohormone signaling,carbon metabolism,and fructose/mannose pathways.Among these,PEROXIDASE4(POD4)and NAC37 showed significant upregulation and were selected for further investigation of their roles in drought protection.Transgenic tomato plants overexpressing D.officinale’s POD4 and NAC37 genes exhibited superior drought tolerance compared to controls,displaying enhanced vigor,increased fruit production,higher respiration rates,elevated chlorophyll levels,and reduced oxidative damage.This research demonstrates the value of exploring underutilized species for drought-tolerance genes and identifies POD4 and NAC37 as promising candidates for improving drought tolerance through breeding programs.展开更多
PbSe materials,with their narrow bandgap,excellent optical absorption and outstanding optical response,are ideal for infrared photodetectors,exhibiting unique advantages in optical communication,infrared imaging and t...PbSe materials,with their narrow bandgap,excellent optical absorption and outstanding optical response,are ideal for infrared photodetectors,exhibiting unique advantages in optical communication,infrared imaging and thermal detection.Nevertheless,PbSe typically has a non-layered crystal structure and inherent isotropy,making the synthesis of low-dimensional nanomaterials challenging.Besides,PbSe photoconductive detectors suffer from high dark current due to intrinsic defects and thermally excited carriers,which is detrimental to device performance.Here,we utilized physical vapor deposition(PVD)method to grow high-quality PbSe nanosheets and combined them with two-dimensional(2D)transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)material WSe_(2)to fabricate a self-powered PbSe/WSe_(2)p-n heterostructure photodetector.Under illumination with a 650 nm laser at a power density of 128.97 mW/cm^(2)and 0 V bias,the PbSe/WSe_(2)heterojunction device exhibited significant photovoltaic characteristics and generated a short-circuit current of 161.7 nA.Furthermore,under 0.02 mW/cm^(2)of 650 nm laser illumination at 0 V bias,the device achieved an excellent responsivity(R)of 15.6 A/W and a specific detectivity(D^(*))of 1.08×10^(11)Jones.And the response speed of the heterojunction device at 0 V(511µs/74µs)was three orders of magnitude faster than that of PbSe nanosheets(93 ms/104 ms).The device also demonstrated broadband detection capabilities from 405 nm to 1550 nm and excellent imaging performance in the near-infrared region at 0 V bias.In summary,the outstanding photoelectric detection performance and imaging capabilities of the PbSe/WSe_(2)heterojunction nanosheet detector indicate its significant potential for applications in miniaturized,low-noise,broadband,high-speed and high-performance photodetectors.展开更多
Microneedle(MN)patches could be a promising treatment for diabetic foot ulcers that plague thousands of people worldwide.While reducing skin resistance or increasing driving force can accelerate the efficiency of tran...Microneedle(MN)patches could be a promising treatment for diabetic foot ulcers that plague thousands of people worldwide.While reducing skin resistance or increasing driving force can accelerate the efficiency of transdermal drug delivery with conventional MN patches,it can create toxic chemical residues or require the help of additional devices.Herein,a thermo-responsive microneedles patch(TMN)with high biocompatibility without additional equipment is proposed.The TMN consisted of a bilayer microneedles composed of sodium alginate(SA)-g-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)layer(SA-g-PNIPAM)loaded with sucrose octasulfate sodium salt(SOS)and hyaluronic acid layer and a polycaprolactone/chitosan nanofiber membrane loading with tetracycline hydrochloride(TH)and SOS.PNIPAM accelerates drug release by extruding the drug through a volumetric phase transition in response to temperature changes,and TH and SOS promote wound healing by inhibiting bacterial growth and promoting vascular regeneration and epithelial formation.The results showed that the drug release of TMN was significantly faster,with the drug release rate of more than 80% in the 10th h,and the antibacterial rate of TMN could reach 800%.In addition,TMN had good biocompatibility and good healing effects in vivo,which may be helpful for the design of multifunctional dressings in the future.展开更多
Harnessing photocatalyzed hydrogen atom transfer(HAT)for the precise activation of C–H/O–H bonds is a pivotal yet challenging strategy to selectively drive oxidative C–C bond scission in renewable lignin,yielding v...Harnessing photocatalyzed hydrogen atom transfer(HAT)for the precise activation of C–H/O–H bonds is a pivotal yet challenging strategy to selectively drive oxidative C–C bond scission in renewable lignin,yielding value-added chemicals with exceptional selectivity.Herein,we present a metal-free photochemical strategy that enables selective C–C bond scission in lignin via a unique synergistic HAT pathway driven by triplet-excited 2-ethylanthraquinone(EAQ^(*))and hydroxyl radicals(•OH)generated in situ from EAQH_(2) and O_(2).Under simulated natural conditions,this process achieves a benzaldehyde yield of 146.6 mol%from a lignin-derived phenolic dimer.Mechanistic investigations reveal that preferential activation of the Cα-OH in lignin facilitates a tandem HAT process,forming alkoxy radical intermediates that undergoβ–scission to produce benzaldehyde,as corroborated by extensive control reactions and density functional theory calculations.Furthermore,this straightforward protocol efficiently cleaves the C–C bonds of technical kraft lignins,providing a rapid,scalable,and metal-free protocol for lignin valorization under mild conditions.展开更多
The generalized Zhang-Zhu(GZZ)strength criterion was proposed as an extension to the Hoek-Brown criterion and the Mogi criterion.The introduction to mean normal stress results in a non-smooth and non-convex yield surf...The generalized Zhang-Zhu(GZZ)strength criterion was proposed as an extension to the Hoek-Brown criterion and the Mogi criterion.The introduction to mean normal stress results in a non-smooth and non-convex yield surface,which presents a challenge for updating plastic stress.Current research primarily focuses on modified smooth GZZ criteria or approximate solutions,which inevitably lead to increased computational costs or inaccuracies.In this paper,an accurate stress updating algorithm is proposed based on the original GZZ criterion.The algorithm operates entirely in the principal stress space,where numerical singularities at the intersection of yield surfaces are avoided by defining four different types of stress updating.This approach simplifies the GZZ criterion compared to its formulation in general stress space.The return mapping is employed to compute the updated stress and consistent stiffness matrix,facilitating calculations using both finite element implicit and explicit algorithms.Finally,the accuracy of the proposed method is validated using rock true triaxial test data and semianalytical solutions for stresses and displacement around a circular opening under the GZZ criterion.展开更多
Background Post-weaning diarrhea(PWD)in piglets,often caused by F4^(+)enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC),poses significant challenges in pig production.Traditional solutions like antibiotics and zinc oxide face in...Background Post-weaning diarrhea(PWD)in piglets,often caused by F4^(+)enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC),poses significant challenges in pig production.Traditional solutions like antibiotics and zinc oxide face increasing restrictions due to growing concerns over antibiotic resistance and environmental sustainability.This study investigates the application of bivalent heavy chain variable domain(V_(H)H)constructs(BL1.2 and BL2.2)targeting ETEC virulence factors,administered in feed to mitigate ETEC-induced PWD in weaned piglets.Results The supplementation of BL1.2 and BL2.2 in both mash and pelleted feed significantly reduced the diarrhea incidence and fecal shedding of F4^(+)ETEC in challenged piglets.Pelleted feed containing V_(H)H constructs helped to preserve gut barrier integrity by maintaining levels of the tight junction protein occludin in the small intestine.Additionally,the constructs maintained blood granulocyte counts at a similar level to the non-challenged control group,including neutrophils,and ameliorated the acute phase protein response after challenge.Notably,even at low feed intake immediately after weaning,V_(H)H constructs helped maintain piglet health by mitigating ETEC-induced inflammation and the resulting diarrhea.Conclusions Our findings demonstrated that using V_(H)H constructs as feed additives could serve as an effective strategy to help manage ETEC-associated PWD,by reducing F4^(+)ETEC gut colonization and supporting gut barrier function of weaned piglets.The high stability of these V_(H)H constructs supports their incorporation into industrial feed manufacturing processes,offering a more sustainable preventive strategy compared to traditional antimicrobial interventions,which could contribute to sustainable farming practices.展开更多
Starch is an essential commodity for humans and other animals.Future demands require qualitative and quantitative improvement by crop and post-harvest engineering that calls for comprehensive actions requiring increas...Starch is an essential commodity for humans and other animals.Future demands require qualitative and quantitative improvement by crop and post-harvest engineering that calls for comprehensive actions requiring increased fundamental knowledge on starch biosynthesis,development of advanced breeding strategies,efficient farming,and well-adapted and up scalable extraction protocols for diverse starch products.Recent staggering progress in molecular breeding techniques,especially genome editing,have enabled generation of higher starch yield and special functional qualities required to support such advancement.However,this necessitates fundamental biochemical and mechanistic understanding of starch biosynthesis and the variegated starch crop germplasms,all of which are closely linked to the relationships between starch molecular structures and functionality of various starch types as directed by the different capabilities of starch crop genotypes.We here review starch biosynthesis and its genetic foundation with a focus on increasing nutritional and health-promoting value of starch especially through bioengineering of the high amylose trait.展开更多
Bergmann's rule predicts that the larger of two homeotherm species differing only in size would occur at higher latitudes, or in cooler climates than the smaller, because of relative thermoregulatory costs in rela...Bergmann's rule predicts that the larger of two homeotherm species differing only in size would occur at higher latitudes, or in cooler climates than the smaller, because of relative thermoregulatory costs in relation to body mass/surface area ratio. Individual tracking data from two congeneric long-distance migratory northern nesting swan species, Tundra Cygnus columbianus (TS, n = 99) and Whooper Swans C. cygnus (WS, 61–71% larger mass than TS, n = 47) were used to determine their summering and wintering latitudes along similar migration routes and common staging areas along the same flyway. We hypothesised that throughout Arctic and Boreal breeding areas (10℃ in July), summer ambient temperatures mainly exceed the Lower Critical Temperatures (LCT, c. 1℃) for both swan species, so the duration of the snow-free summer period will favour smaller body size at highest latitudes, since this constrains the time available to lay, incubate eggs and raise cygnets to fledging. We hypothesised that in contrast, in winter, both species occur in temperatures near to freezing (−3℃ in January), below their respective LCT, so differential thermoregulation demands would constrain TS to winter south of WS. Tracking of individuals showed for the first time that while smaller TS summered significantly north of WS, WS wintered significantly north of TS, with limited overlap in both seasons. We conclude that differences in relative summer distribution of these two closely related migratory herbivores are not to do with latitude per se but are constrained by the time both species require to raise their young to fledging during the short northern summer, when thermoregulation costs are unlikely limiting. In winter, both swan species occur within a climate envelop at or below their respective LCT and smaller TS occurred consistently south of the range of the tracked WS, as predicted by Bergmann's rule.展开更多
Sediment properties have a crucial effect on the growth and recovery of aquatic plants in lakes.Addition of various chemical substances has been proposed to reinforce the recovery of plants after a nutrient loading re...Sediment properties have a crucial effect on the growth and recovery of aquatic plants in lakes.Addition of various chemical substances has been proposed to reinforce the recovery of plants after a nutrient loading reduction.However,the effects of such sediment amendments on plant growth,especially those from rhizosphere microorganisms,is limited.We added Kaolin clay to sediments in different concentrations to explore its impact on the growth of Vallisneria natans and Ottelia acuminate and the concurrent shift in rhizosphere microorganisms using high-throughput sequencing technology.We found that the addition of low doses(10%and 20%in mass ratio)of Kaolin significantly modified sediment conditions(oxidation reduction potential and pH),with implications also for the composition,diversity,and stability of rhizosphere microorganisms.LEfSe analysis revealed that low-dose addition of Kaolin increased the abundances of functional microbial groups that benefit plant nutrient absorption and enhance plant stress resistance,such as Spirillaceae,Rhodocyclaceae,and Burkholderiales.Moreover,low doses of Kaolin significantly promoted the photosynthesis and nutrient absorption of submerged macrophytes,thereby facilitating plant growth.A structural equation model(SEM)indicated that the direct impact of Kaolin on the growth of submerged plants was relatively minor,while the indirect effect through modulation of rhizosphere microorganisms was important.Our study suggests that low doses of Kaolin may be used to promote the growth of submerged macrophytes when lakes with a high organic content in the sediment are recovering after nutrient loading reduction.展开更多
Background Health promotion(HP)interventions delivered through sports clubs have demonstrated promising outcomes among men,but less is known about which aspects of the interventions work,for whom,and under what circum...Background Health promotion(HP)interventions delivered through sports clubs have demonstrated promising outcomes among men,but less is known about which aspects of the interventions work,for whom,and under what circumstances.This rapid realist review aimed to understand the contexts,mechanisms,and outcomes of HP interventions for men delivered through sports clubs.Methods A systematic literature search was conducted in February 2023 for studies published after 2013 in MEDLINE,Embase,and SPORTDiscus databases.Included studies:(a)were delivered by or in collaboration with sports clubs,(b)targeted men aged 18+years,and(c)reported 1 or more HP outcomes.A grey literature search was also performed.Studies were included in a realist synthesis based on richness and rigor.Hereafter,context-mechanism-outcome(CMO)configurations were developed.Results We identified and screened 3358 studies,finally including 59 studies describing 22 interventions.Most HP interventions were delivered in high income countries,included Caucasian men aged 35-65 years with overweight/obesity,and used professional sports clubs(mostly football)for recruitment and facilities.Quantitative HP outcomes were reported across 19 interventions.Of these 19 interventions,the majority reported on weight(n=18),physical activity(n=12),mental health(n=10),and diet(n=9).We identified 13 CMOs related to how HP interventions affected men's recruitment,engagement,and health behavior maintenance.Conclusion Our findings show that using sports clubs for HP interventions is effective for engaging men.Recruitment was facilitated by leveraging sports clubs’identity,addressing masculinity-related barriers,improving accessibility,and building trust.Engagement was enhanced through shared identity experiences,safe spaces,inclusive competition,and self-efficacy.However,there's limited evidence on behavior maintenance post-intervention,though involving community stakeholders seemed vital.In general,considerations should be made to avoid perpetuating traditional masculine norms,which may exclude some men and reinforce unhealthy behaviors.These findings can guide intervention development,emphasizing the need to harness men's perspectives in the process.展开更多
Background Although several cell culture systems have been developed to investigate the function of the mam-mary gland in dairy livestock,they have potential limitations,such as the loss of alveolar structure or genet...Background Although several cell culture systems have been developed to investigate the function of the mam-mary gland in dairy livestock,they have potential limitations,such as the loss of alveolar structure or genetic and phe-notypic differences from their native counterparts.Overcoming these challenges is crucial for lactation research.Development of protocols to establish lactating organoid of livestock represents a promising goal for the future.In this study,we developed a protocol to establish a culture system for mammary organoids in dairy goats to model the mammary gland development and lactation process.Results The organoids cultured within an extracellular matrix gel maintained a bilayer structure that closely resem-bled the native architecture of mammary tissue.The expansion of mammary organoids was significantly promoted by growth factors containing epidermal growth factor and fibroblast growth factor 2 whereas the proliferative index of the organoids was significantly inhibited by the treatment with WNT inhibitors.Upon stimulation with a lactogenic medium containing prolactin,the mammary organoids exhibited efficient lactation,characterized by the accumu-lation of lipid droplets in the lumen space.The lactation could be sustained for more than 3 weeks.Importantly,the expression patterns of genes related to fatty acid synthesis and milk proteins in lactating organoids closely mirrored those observed in mammary tissues.These observations were confirmed by data from proteomic analysis that the bulk of milk proteins was produced in the lactating organoids.Conclusion This study is the first to establish a mammary organoid culture system modeling the mammary gland development and lactation process in ruminants.The efficient induction of lactation in ruminant mammary organoids holds promises for advancing the field of cell-based milk bio-manufacture in the food industry.展开更多
Background Despite growing concerns about the adverse effects of antibiotics in farm animals,there has been little investigation of the effects of florfenicol in laying hens.This study examined the effect of florfenic...Background Despite growing concerns about the adverse effects of antibiotics in farm animals,there has been little investigation of the effects of florfenicol in laying hens.This study examined the effect of florfenicol on the intestinal homeostasis,immune system,and pathogen susceptibility of laying hens.Results The oral administration of florfenicol at field-relevant levels for 5 d resulted in a decrease in the gut microbiota genera Lactobacillus,Bacillus,and Bacteroides,indicating the development of intestinal dysbiosis.The dysbiosis led to decreased mRNA levels of key regulators peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPAR-γ)and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α),compromising intestinal hypoxia.Intestinal homeostasis was also disrupted,with decreased expression of Occludin and Mucin 2(Muc2)genes combined with increased gut epithelial permeability.The breakdown in intestinal homeostasis and immune function provided a favorable environment for opportunistic bacteria like avian pathogenic Escherichia coli(APEC),culminating in systemic infection.Immunologically,florfenicol treatment resulted in increased proportion and absolute number of MRC1L-B^(+)monocytes/macrophages in the spleen,indicating an exacerbated infection.Furthermore,both the proportion and absolute number ofγδT cells in the lamina propria of the cecum decreased.Treatment with florfenicol reduced butyrate levels in the cecum.However,the administration of butyrate before and during florfenicol treatment restored factors associated with intestinal homeostasis,including PPAR-γ,Occludin,and Muc2,while partially restoring HIF-1α,normalized intestinal hypoxia and gut permeability,and reversed immune cell changes,suppressing APEC systemic infection.Conclusion The uncontrolled and widespread use of florfenicol can negatively affect intestinal health in chickens.Specifically,florfenicol was found to impair intestinal homeostasis and immune function in laying hens,including by reducing butyrate levels,thereby increasing their susceptibility to systemic APEC infection.The development of strategies for mitigating the adverse effects of florfenicol on gut health and pathogen susceptibility in laying hens is therefore essential.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.52072152 and 51802126)Jiangsu University Jinshan Professor Fund,Jiangsu Specially-Appointed Professor Fund,the Open Fund from Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials,Zhenjiang“Jinshan Talents”Project 2021,China PostDoctoral Science Foundation (No.2022M721372)+1 种基金the“Doctor of Entrepreneurship and Innovation”in Jiangsu Province (No.JSSCBS20221197)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (No.KYCX22_3645).
文摘In the quest for effective solutions to address Environ.Pollut.and meet the escalating energy demands,heterojunction photocatalysts have emerged as a captivating and versatile technology.These photocatalysts have garnered significant interest due to their wideranging applications,including wastewater treatment,air purification,CO_(2) capture,and hydrogen generation via water splitting.This technique harnesses the power of semiconductors,which are activated under light illumination,providing the necessary energy for catalytic reactions.With visible light constituting a substantial portion(46%)of the solar spectrum,the development of visible-light-driven semiconductors has become imperative.Heterojunction photocatalysts offer a promising strategy to overcome the limitations associated with activating semiconductors under visible light.In this comprehensive review,we present the recent advancements in the field of photocatalytic degradation of contaminants across diverse media,as well as the remarkable progress made in renewable energy production.Moreover,we delve into the crucial role played by various operating parameters in influencing the photocatalytic performance of heterojunction systems.Finally,we address emerging challenges and propose novel perspectives to provide valuable insights for future advancements in this dynamic research domain.By unraveling the potential of heterojunction photocatalysts,this reviewcontributes to the broader understanding of their applications and paves the way for exciting avenues of exploration and innovation.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2023YFF0718303 and 2022YFB3504804)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51871219,52031014 and 52401255)the Science and Technology Project of Shenyang City(No.22-101-0-27).
文摘The single-layer Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)/MXene has become a special electromagnetic wave absorber near the terahertz band because of its abundant surface groups and excellent conductivity.However,the macro-preparation of single-layer Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)/MXene shows significantly difficult to influence its application.The two-dimensional Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)is easily prepared to have high production,but its weak absorption ability due to high surface conductivity also restricts its application.To realize the strong electromagnetic wave absorption of two-dimensional Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)/MXene,a new strategy with magnetic FeNi nanoparticles decorating Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)/MXene composites(FeNi-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x))were proposed and the effective electromagnetic wave absorption features covering 170-220 GHz that means the absorption band width reach 50 GHz.With an absorber composite film thickness being only 0.6 mm,the absorptivity of the composite is enhanced with the increase of decorating FeNi nanoparticles and promote up to 75%when the FeNi nanoparticles loading content reaches 30 wt%.The improvement of absorption is attributed to the introduction of soft magnetic FeNi to adjust the high surface conductivity of MXene and improve the electromagnetic balance of the absorber.
基金supported by Danish National Research Foundation(#DNRF133)(to AN)。
文摘The formation of the mammalian nervous system and its maturation into sensory,motor,cognitive,and behavioral circuits is a complex process that begins during early embryogenesis and lasts until young adulthood.Impaired neurodevelopment can result in various neurological and psychiatric conditions,jointly named neurodevelopmental disorders(NDDs).
文摘Dibromoethane is a widespread,persistent organic pollutant.Biochars are known mediators of reductive dehalogenation by layered Fe^(Ⅱ)-Fe^(Ⅲ)hydroxides(green rust),which can reduce 1,2-dibromoethane to innocuous bromide and ethylene.However,the critical characteristics that determine mediator functionality are lesser known.Fifteen biochar substrates were pyrolyzed at 600℃and 800℃,characterized by elemental analysis,X-ray photo spectrometry C and N surface speciation,X-ray powder diffraction,specific surface area analysis,and tested for mediation of reductive debromination of 1,2-dibromoethane by a green rust reductant under anoxic conditions.A statistical analysis was performed to determine the biochar properties,critical for debromination kinetics and total debromination extent.It was shown that selected plant based biochars can mediate debromination of 1,2-dibromoethane,that the highest first order rate constant was 0.082/hr,and the highest debromination extent was 27%in reactivity experiments with 0.1μmol(20μmol/L)1,2-dibromoethane,≈22 mmol/L Fe^(Ⅱ)GR,and 0.12 g/L soybean meal biochar(7 days).Contents of Ni,Zn,N,and P,and the relative contribution of quinone surface functional groups were significantly(p<0.05)positively correlated with 1,2-dibromoethane debromination,while adsorption,specific surface area,and the relative contribution of pyridinic N oxide surface groups were significantly negatively correlated with debromination.
基金the financial support from FORMAS(2018-01029)the Swedish Institute(01132-2022)for supporting Ivan Motsnyi’s visit and research at Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences。
文摘Emerging new races of wheat stem rust(Puccinia graminis f.sp.tritici)are threatening global wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)production.Host resistance is the most effective and environmentally friendly method of controlling stem rust.The stem rust resistance gene Sr59 was previously identified within a T2DS 2RL wheat-rye whole arm translocation,providing broad-spectrum resistance to various stem rust races.Seedling evaluation,molecular marker analysis,and cytogenetic studies identified wheat-rye introgression line#284 containing a new translocation chromosome T2BL 2BS-2RL.This line has demonstrated broad-spectrum resistance to stem rust at the seedling stage.Seedling evaluation and cytogenetic analysis of three backcross populations between the line#284 and the adapted cultivars SLU-Elite,Navruz,and Linkert confirmed that Sr59 is located within the short distal 2RL translocation.This study aimed physical mapping of Sr59 in the 2RL introgression segment and develop a robust molecular marker for marker-assisted selection.Using genotyping-by-sequencing(GBS),GBS-derived SNPs were aligned with full-length annotated rye nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat(NLR)genes in the parental lines CS ph1b,SLU238,SLU-Elite,Navruz,and Linkert,as well as in 33 BC4F5progeny.Four NLR genes were identified on the 2R chromosome,with Chr2R_NLR_60 being tightly linked to the Sr59resistance gene.In-silico functional enrichment analysis of the translocated 2RL region(25,681,915 bp)identified 223 genes,with seven candidate genes associated with plant disease resistance and three linked to agronomic performance,contributing to oxidative stress response,protein kinase activity,and cellular homeostasis.These findings facilitate a better understanding of the genetic basis of stem rust resistance provided by Sr59.
文摘Accurate Global Horizontal Irradiance(GHI)forecasting has become vital for successfully integrating solar energy into the electrical grid because of the expanding demand for green power and the worldwide shift favouring green energy resources.Particularly considering the implications of the aggressive GHG emission targets,accurate GHI forecasting has become vital for developing,designing,and operational managing solar energy systems.This research presented the core concepts of modelling and performance analysis of the application of various forecasting models such as ARIMA(Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average),Elaman NN(Elman Neural Network),RBFN(Radial Basis Function Neural Network),SVM(Support Vector Machine),LSTM(Long Short-Term Memory),Persistent,BPN(Back Propagation Neural Network),MLP(Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network),RF(Random Forest),and XGBoost(eXtreme Gradient Boosting)for assessing multi-seasonal forecasting of GHI.Used the India region data to evaluate the models’performance and forecasting ability.Research using forecasting models for seasonal Global Horizontal Irradiance(GHI)forecasting in winter,spring,summer,monsoon,and autumn.Substantiated performance effectiveness through evaluation metrics,such as Mean Absolute Error(MAE),Root Mean Squared Error(RMSE),and R-squared(R^(2)),coded using Python programming.The performance experimentation analysis inferred that the most accurate forecasts in all the seasons compared to the other forecasting models the Random Forest and eXtreme Gradient Boosting,are the superior and competing models that yield Winter season-based forecasting XGBoost is the best forecasting model with MAE:1.6325,RMSE:4.8338,and R^(2):0.9998.Spring season-based forecasting XGBoost is the best forecasting model with MAE:2.599599,RMSE:5.58539,and R^(2):0.999784.Summer season-based forecasting RF is the best forecasting model with MAE:1.03843,RMSE:2.116325,and R^(2):0.999967.Monsoon season-based forecasting RF is the best forecasting model with MAE:0.892385,RMSE:2.417587,and R^(2):0.999942.Autumn season-based forecasting RF is the best forecasting model with MAE:0.810462,RMSE:1.928215,and R^(2):0.999958.Based on seasonal variations and computing constraints,the findings enable energy system operators to make helpful recommendations for choosing the most effective forecasting models.
基金supported by the Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(2022CFB009)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31900242).
文摘Dendrobium officinale is an orchid herb distinguished by its exceptional drought resistance capabilities.The remarkable drought tolerance of D.officinale stems from its structural and compositional features,including thick leaves and stems containing abundant polysaccharides and colloidal substances.Despite these adaptations,the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for enhanced drought tolerance remain inadequately understood.This study subjected D.officinale to water restriction for periods ranging from 1 to 6 months,conducting physiological and RNA sequencing analyses to elucidate its long-term dehydration response mechanisms and identify drought-protective genes.Following 6 months of dehydration,D.officinale maintained viability,demonstrated by rapid growth resumption after merely 2 d of rehydration.Transcriptome analysis of D.officinale plants under 1-month dehydration revealed differential gene expression across various processes,predominantly in stress responses,photosynthesis,phytohormone signaling,carbon metabolism,and fructose/mannose pathways.Among these,PEROXIDASE4(POD4)and NAC37 showed significant upregulation and were selected for further investigation of their roles in drought protection.Transgenic tomato plants overexpressing D.officinale’s POD4 and NAC37 genes exhibited superior drought tolerance compared to controls,displaying enhanced vigor,increased fruit production,higher respiration rates,elevated chlorophyll levels,and reduced oxidative damage.This research demonstrates the value of exploring underutilized species for drought-tolerance genes and identifies POD4 and NAC37 as promising candidates for improving drought tolerance through breeding programs.
基金supported financially by National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFB3611400)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62175026,62305047)+4 种基金China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(No.BX20230059),China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M740509)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2024A1515010005)National Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect Research Foundation(No.NKLIPR2315)Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(No.24NSFSC1465).
文摘PbSe materials,with their narrow bandgap,excellent optical absorption and outstanding optical response,are ideal for infrared photodetectors,exhibiting unique advantages in optical communication,infrared imaging and thermal detection.Nevertheless,PbSe typically has a non-layered crystal structure and inherent isotropy,making the synthesis of low-dimensional nanomaterials challenging.Besides,PbSe photoconductive detectors suffer from high dark current due to intrinsic defects and thermally excited carriers,which is detrimental to device performance.Here,we utilized physical vapor deposition(PVD)method to grow high-quality PbSe nanosheets and combined them with two-dimensional(2D)transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)material WSe_(2)to fabricate a self-powered PbSe/WSe_(2)p-n heterostructure photodetector.Under illumination with a 650 nm laser at a power density of 128.97 mW/cm^(2)and 0 V bias,the PbSe/WSe_(2)heterojunction device exhibited significant photovoltaic characteristics and generated a short-circuit current of 161.7 nA.Furthermore,under 0.02 mW/cm^(2)of 650 nm laser illumination at 0 V bias,the device achieved an excellent responsivity(R)of 15.6 A/W and a specific detectivity(D^(*))of 1.08×10^(11)Jones.And the response speed of the heterojunction device at 0 V(511µs/74µs)was three orders of magnitude faster than that of PbSe nanosheets(93 ms/104 ms).The device also demonstrated broadband detection capabilities from 405 nm to 1550 nm and excellent imaging performance in the near-infrared region at 0 V bias.In summary,the outstanding photoelectric detection performance and imaging capabilities of the PbSe/WSe_(2)heterojunction nanosheet detector indicate its significant potential for applications in miniaturized,low-noise,broadband,high-speed and high-performance photodetectors.
基金supported by the Joint Funds of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U22A20162)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province of China(No.C2021202002)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52271245),the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(No.21JCQNJC01280)the financial support from the Danish Council for Independent Research(9040-00219B),European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement ENSIGN(Project ID:101086226),L4DNANO(Project ID:101086227).
文摘Microneedle(MN)patches could be a promising treatment for diabetic foot ulcers that plague thousands of people worldwide.While reducing skin resistance or increasing driving force can accelerate the efficiency of transdermal drug delivery with conventional MN patches,it can create toxic chemical residues or require the help of additional devices.Herein,a thermo-responsive microneedles patch(TMN)with high biocompatibility without additional equipment is proposed.The TMN consisted of a bilayer microneedles composed of sodium alginate(SA)-g-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)layer(SA-g-PNIPAM)loaded with sucrose octasulfate sodium salt(SOS)and hyaluronic acid layer and a polycaprolactone/chitosan nanofiber membrane loading with tetracycline hydrochloride(TH)and SOS.PNIPAM accelerates drug release by extruding the drug through a volumetric phase transition in response to temperature changes,and TH and SOS promote wound healing by inhibiting bacterial growth and promoting vascular regeneration and epithelial formation.The results showed that the drug release of TMN was significantly faster,with the drug release rate of more than 80% in the 10th h,and the antibacterial rate of TMN could reach 800%.In addition,TMN had good biocompatibility and good healing effects in vivo,which may be helpful for the design of multifunctional dressings in the future.
文摘Harnessing photocatalyzed hydrogen atom transfer(HAT)for the precise activation of C–H/O–H bonds is a pivotal yet challenging strategy to selectively drive oxidative C–C bond scission in renewable lignin,yielding value-added chemicals with exceptional selectivity.Herein,we present a metal-free photochemical strategy that enables selective C–C bond scission in lignin via a unique synergistic HAT pathway driven by triplet-excited 2-ethylanthraquinone(EAQ^(*))and hydroxyl radicals(•OH)generated in situ from EAQH_(2) and O_(2).Under simulated natural conditions,this process achieves a benzaldehyde yield of 146.6 mol%from a lignin-derived phenolic dimer.Mechanistic investigations reveal that preferential activation of the Cα-OH in lignin facilitates a tandem HAT process,forming alkoxy radical intermediates that undergoβ–scission to produce benzaldehyde,as corroborated by extensive control reactions and density functional theory calculations.Furthermore,this straightforward protocol efficiently cleaves the C–C bonds of technical kraft lignins,providing a rapid,scalable,and metal-free protocol for lignin valorization under mild conditions.
基金the financial support provided by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB2302102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42472340 and 42072308).
文摘The generalized Zhang-Zhu(GZZ)strength criterion was proposed as an extension to the Hoek-Brown criterion and the Mogi criterion.The introduction to mean normal stress results in a non-smooth and non-convex yield surface,which presents a challenge for updating plastic stress.Current research primarily focuses on modified smooth GZZ criteria or approximate solutions,which inevitably lead to increased computational costs or inaccuracies.In this paper,an accurate stress updating algorithm is proposed based on the original GZZ criterion.The algorithm operates entirely in the principal stress space,where numerical singularities at the intersection of yield surfaces are avoided by defining four different types of stress updating.This approach simplifies the GZZ criterion compared to its formulation in general stress space.The return mapping is employed to compute the updated stress and consistent stiffness matrix,facilitating calculations using both finite element implicit and explicit algorithms.Finally,the accuracy of the proposed method is validated using rock true triaxial test data and semianalytical solutions for stresses and displacement around a circular opening under the GZZ criterion.
基金financially supported by the Green Development and Demonstration Programme(GUDP)(case number 34009-19-1585)。
文摘Background Post-weaning diarrhea(PWD)in piglets,often caused by F4^(+)enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC),poses significant challenges in pig production.Traditional solutions like antibiotics and zinc oxide face increasing restrictions due to growing concerns over antibiotic resistance and environmental sustainability.This study investigates the application of bivalent heavy chain variable domain(V_(H)H)constructs(BL1.2 and BL2.2)targeting ETEC virulence factors,administered in feed to mitigate ETEC-induced PWD in weaned piglets.Results The supplementation of BL1.2 and BL2.2 in both mash and pelleted feed significantly reduced the diarrhea incidence and fecal shedding of F4^(+)ETEC in challenged piglets.Pelleted feed containing V_(H)H constructs helped to preserve gut barrier integrity by maintaining levels of the tight junction protein occludin in the small intestine.Additionally,the constructs maintained blood granulocyte counts at a similar level to the non-challenged control group,including neutrophils,and ameliorated the acute phase protein response after challenge.Notably,even at low feed intake immediately after weaning,V_(H)H constructs helped maintain piglet health by mitigating ETEC-induced inflammation and the resulting diarrhea.Conclusions Our findings demonstrated that using V_(H)H constructs as feed additives could serve as an effective strategy to help manage ETEC-associated PWD,by reducing F4^(+)ETEC gut colonization and supporting gut barrier function of weaned piglets.The high stability of these V_(H)H constructs supports their incorporation into industrial feed manufacturing processes,offering a more sustainable preventive strategy compared to traditional antimicrobial interventions,which could contribute to sustainable farming practices.
文摘Starch is an essential commodity for humans and other animals.Future demands require qualitative and quantitative improvement by crop and post-harvest engineering that calls for comprehensive actions requiring increased fundamental knowledge on starch biosynthesis,development of advanced breeding strategies,efficient farming,and well-adapted and up scalable extraction protocols for diverse starch products.Recent staggering progress in molecular breeding techniques,especially genome editing,have enabled generation of higher starch yield and special functional qualities required to support such advancement.However,this necessitates fundamental biochemical and mechanistic understanding of starch biosynthesis and the variegated starch crop germplasms,all of which are closely linked to the relationships between starch molecular structures and functionality of various starch types as directed by the different capabilities of starch crop genotypes.We here review starch biosynthesis and its genetic foundation with a focus on increasing nutritional and health-promoting value of starch especially through bioengineering of the high amylose trait.
基金supported by the Joint Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)-Max Planck Society(MPG)Research Project(HZXM20225001MI)the China Biodiversity Observation Networks(Sino BON)+1 种基金the Ministry of the Environment of Japan(ME20080401,ME20090401)the US Geological Survey(Grant No.07WRAG0003,G09AC00046).
文摘Bergmann's rule predicts that the larger of two homeotherm species differing only in size would occur at higher latitudes, or in cooler climates than the smaller, because of relative thermoregulatory costs in relation to body mass/surface area ratio. Individual tracking data from two congeneric long-distance migratory northern nesting swan species, Tundra Cygnus columbianus (TS, n = 99) and Whooper Swans C. cygnus (WS, 61–71% larger mass than TS, n = 47) were used to determine their summering and wintering latitudes along similar migration routes and common staging areas along the same flyway. We hypothesised that throughout Arctic and Boreal breeding areas (10℃ in July), summer ambient temperatures mainly exceed the Lower Critical Temperatures (LCT, c. 1℃) for both swan species, so the duration of the snow-free summer period will favour smaller body size at highest latitudes, since this constrains the time available to lay, incubate eggs and raise cygnets to fledging. We hypothesised that in contrast, in winter, both species occur in temperatures near to freezing (−3℃ in January), below their respective LCT, so differential thermoregulation demands would constrain TS to winter south of WS. Tracking of individuals showed for the first time that while smaller TS summered significantly north of WS, WS wintered significantly north of TS, with limited overlap in both seasons. We conclude that differences in relative summer distribution of these two closely related migratory herbivores are not to do with latitude per se but are constrained by the time both species require to raise their young to fledging during the short northern summer, when thermoregulation costs are unlikely limiting. In winter, both swan species occur within a climate envelop at or below their respective LCT and smaller TS occurred consistently south of the range of the tracked WS, as predicted by Bergmann's rule.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U23A20153,and 32101319).
文摘Sediment properties have a crucial effect on the growth and recovery of aquatic plants in lakes.Addition of various chemical substances has been proposed to reinforce the recovery of plants after a nutrient loading reduction.However,the effects of such sediment amendments on plant growth,especially those from rhizosphere microorganisms,is limited.We added Kaolin clay to sediments in different concentrations to explore its impact on the growth of Vallisneria natans and Ottelia acuminate and the concurrent shift in rhizosphere microorganisms using high-throughput sequencing technology.We found that the addition of low doses(10%and 20%in mass ratio)of Kaolin significantly modified sediment conditions(oxidation reduction potential and pH),with implications also for the composition,diversity,and stability of rhizosphere microorganisms.LEfSe analysis revealed that low-dose addition of Kaolin increased the abundances of functional microbial groups that benefit plant nutrient absorption and enhance plant stress resistance,such as Spirillaceae,Rhodocyclaceae,and Burkholderiales.Moreover,low doses of Kaolin significantly promoted the photosynthesis and nutrient absorption of submerged macrophytes,thereby facilitating plant growth.A structural equation model(SEM)indicated that the direct impact of Kaolin on the growth of submerged plants was relatively minor,while the indirect effect through modulation of rhizosphere microorganisms was important.Our study suggests that low doses of Kaolin may be used to promote the growth of submerged macrophytes when lakes with a high organic content in the sediment are recovering after nutrient loading reduction.
基金supported by the 5 Steno Diabetes Centers in Denmark,which are partly funded by the Novo Nordisk Foundation.
文摘Background Health promotion(HP)interventions delivered through sports clubs have demonstrated promising outcomes among men,but less is known about which aspects of the interventions work,for whom,and under what circumstances.This rapid realist review aimed to understand the contexts,mechanisms,and outcomes of HP interventions for men delivered through sports clubs.Methods A systematic literature search was conducted in February 2023 for studies published after 2013 in MEDLINE,Embase,and SPORTDiscus databases.Included studies:(a)were delivered by or in collaboration with sports clubs,(b)targeted men aged 18+years,and(c)reported 1 or more HP outcomes.A grey literature search was also performed.Studies were included in a realist synthesis based on richness and rigor.Hereafter,context-mechanism-outcome(CMO)configurations were developed.Results We identified and screened 3358 studies,finally including 59 studies describing 22 interventions.Most HP interventions were delivered in high income countries,included Caucasian men aged 35-65 years with overweight/obesity,and used professional sports clubs(mostly football)for recruitment and facilities.Quantitative HP outcomes were reported across 19 interventions.Of these 19 interventions,the majority reported on weight(n=18),physical activity(n=12),mental health(n=10),and diet(n=9).We identified 13 CMOs related to how HP interventions affected men's recruitment,engagement,and health behavior maintenance.Conclusion Our findings show that using sports clubs for HP interventions is effective for engaging men.Recruitment was facilitated by leveraging sports clubs’identity,addressing masculinity-related barriers,improving accessibility,and building trust.Engagement was enhanced through shared identity experiences,safe spaces,inclusive competition,and self-efficacy.However,there's limited evidence on behavior maintenance post-intervention,though involving community stakeholders seemed vital.In general,considerations should be made to avoid perpetuating traditional masculine norms,which may exclude some men and reinforce unhealthy behaviors.These findings can guide intervention development,emphasizing the need to harness men's perspectives in the process.
基金Innovation 2030-Biological Breeding-Major Projects(2022ZD04014)Key R&D Program of Zhejiang Province(2022C04017).
文摘Background Although several cell culture systems have been developed to investigate the function of the mam-mary gland in dairy livestock,they have potential limitations,such as the loss of alveolar structure or genetic and phe-notypic differences from their native counterparts.Overcoming these challenges is crucial for lactation research.Development of protocols to establish lactating organoid of livestock represents a promising goal for the future.In this study,we developed a protocol to establish a culture system for mammary organoids in dairy goats to model the mammary gland development and lactation process.Results The organoids cultured within an extracellular matrix gel maintained a bilayer structure that closely resem-bled the native architecture of mammary tissue.The expansion of mammary organoids was significantly promoted by growth factors containing epidermal growth factor and fibroblast growth factor 2 whereas the proliferative index of the organoids was significantly inhibited by the treatment with WNT inhibitors.Upon stimulation with a lactogenic medium containing prolactin,the mammary organoids exhibited efficient lactation,characterized by the accumu-lation of lipid droplets in the lumen space.The lactation could be sustained for more than 3 weeks.Importantly,the expression patterns of genes related to fatty acid synthesis and milk proteins in lactating organoids closely mirrored those observed in mammary tissues.These observations were confirmed by data from proteomic analysis that the bulk of milk proteins was produced in the lactating organoids.Conclusion This study is the first to establish a mammary organoid culture system modeling the mammary gland development and lactation process in ruminants.The efficient induction of lactation in ruminant mammary organoids holds promises for advancing the field of cell-based milk bio-manufacture in the food industry.
基金supported by a the National Research Foundation(NRF),funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(RS-2023-00218476,RS-2024-00454619)the Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science and Technology Development(RS-2022-RD010165)+1 种基金the Ministry of Health&Welfare,Republic of Korea(RS-2022-KH128577)the BK21 FOUR Program of the Department of Agricultural Biotechnology,Seoul National University,Seoul,Korea.
文摘Background Despite growing concerns about the adverse effects of antibiotics in farm animals,there has been little investigation of the effects of florfenicol in laying hens.This study examined the effect of florfenicol on the intestinal homeostasis,immune system,and pathogen susceptibility of laying hens.Results The oral administration of florfenicol at field-relevant levels for 5 d resulted in a decrease in the gut microbiota genera Lactobacillus,Bacillus,and Bacteroides,indicating the development of intestinal dysbiosis.The dysbiosis led to decreased mRNA levels of key regulators peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPAR-γ)and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α),compromising intestinal hypoxia.Intestinal homeostasis was also disrupted,with decreased expression of Occludin and Mucin 2(Muc2)genes combined with increased gut epithelial permeability.The breakdown in intestinal homeostasis and immune function provided a favorable environment for opportunistic bacteria like avian pathogenic Escherichia coli(APEC),culminating in systemic infection.Immunologically,florfenicol treatment resulted in increased proportion and absolute number of MRC1L-B^(+)monocytes/macrophages in the spleen,indicating an exacerbated infection.Furthermore,both the proportion and absolute number ofγδT cells in the lamina propria of the cecum decreased.Treatment with florfenicol reduced butyrate levels in the cecum.However,the administration of butyrate before and during florfenicol treatment restored factors associated with intestinal homeostasis,including PPAR-γ,Occludin,and Muc2,while partially restoring HIF-1α,normalized intestinal hypoxia and gut permeability,and reversed immune cell changes,suppressing APEC systemic infection.Conclusion The uncontrolled and widespread use of florfenicol can negatively affect intestinal health in chickens.Specifically,florfenicol was found to impair intestinal homeostasis and immune function in laying hens,including by reducing butyrate levels,thereby increasing their susceptibility to systemic APEC infection.The development of strategies for mitigating the adverse effects of florfenicol on gut health and pathogen susceptibility in laying hens is therefore essential.
