We present the first high-precision model for the group-scale strong lensing system CASSOWARY 19(CSWA19),utilizing images from the Hubble Space Telescope.Sixteen member galaxies identified via the red-sequence method,...We present the first high-precision model for the group-scale strong lensing system CASSOWARY 19(CSWA19),utilizing images from the Hubble Space Telescope.Sixteen member galaxies identified via the red-sequence method,and the main halo,all modeled as the dual Pseudo Isothermal Elliptical profile,are incorporated into a parametric lens model alongside an external shear field.To model the system,we adopt the PYAUTOLENS software package,employing a progressive search chain strategy for realizing the transition of source model from multiple Sérsic profiles to a brightness-adaptive pixelization,which uses 1000 pixels in the source plane to reconstruct the background source corresponding to 177,144 image pixels in the image plane.Our results indicate that the total mass within the Einstein radius is MθE≈1.41×10^(13)M_(⊙) and the average slope of the total mass density ρ(r)∝r^(−γ) is γ=1.33 within the effective radius.This slope is shallower than those measured in galaxies and groups but is closer to those of galaxy clusters.In addition,our approach successfully resolves the two merging galaxies in the background source and yields a total magnification of μ=-103.18_(-0.19)^(+0.23),which is significantly higher than the outcomes from previous studies of CSWA19.In summary,our research demonstrates the effectiveness of the brightness-adaptive pixelization source reconstruction technique for modeling group-scale strong lensing systems.It can serve as a technical reference for future investigations into pixel-level modeling of the group-and clusterscale strong lensing systems.展开更多
Past decades have witnessed the explosive growth of interest in the field of bioinspired materials,of which the structures and properties can be well utilized for industrial and bioengineering applications.Among these...Past decades have witnessed the explosive growth of interest in the field of bioinspired materials,of which the structures and properties can be well utilized for industrial and bioengineering applications.Among these structures,the natural fibrous structures propose diverse strategies to adapt to their environment,offering inspirations for versatile applications,especially droplet manipulation.With various well-adapted soft structures and materials,these fibrous structures show good control over their interaction with liquids(e.g.,water),providing a database full of effective solutions to these droplet-related scientific and technical problems(e.g.,colloidal synthesis,single-cell gene sequencing,drug delivery and solution synthesis).In this review,the current achievements in water collection by multiple fibrous structures are highlighted;the structures,basic models,bio-inspired structures and their applications are presented;and the current challenges and future prospects for the development of bio-inspired fibrous structures are discussed.展开更多
Solid oxide electrolysis cells(SOECs),displaying high current density and energy efficiency,have been proven to be an effective technique to electrochemically reduce CO_(2)into CO.However,the insufficiency of cathode ...Solid oxide electrolysis cells(SOECs),displaying high current density and energy efficiency,have been proven to be an effective technique to electrochemically reduce CO_(2)into CO.However,the insufficiency of cathode activity and stability is a tricky problem to be addressed for SOECs.Hence,it is urgent to develop suitable cathode materials with excellent catalytic activity and stability for further practical application of SOECs.Herein,a reduced perovskite oxide,Pr_(0.35)Sr_(0.6)Fe_(0.7)Cu_(0.2)Mo_(0.1)O_(3-δ)(PSFCM0.35),is developed as SOECs cathode to electrolyze CO_(2).After reduction in 10%H_(2)/Ar,Cu and Fe nanoparticles are exsolved from the PSFCM0.35 lattice,resulting in a phase transformation from cubic perovskite to Ruddlesden-Popper(RP)perovskite with more oxygen vacancies.The exsolved metal nanoparticles are tightly attached to the perovskite substrate and afford more active sites to accelerate CO_(2)adsorption and dissociation on the cathode surface.The significantly strengthened CO_(2)adsorption capacity obtained after reduction is demonstrated by in situ Fourier transform-infrared(FT-IR)spectra.Symmetric cells with the reduced PSFCM0.35(R-PSFCM0.35)electrode exhibit a low polarization resistance of 0.43Ωcm^(2)at 850℃.Single electrolysis cells with the R-PSFCM0.35 cathode display an outstanding current density of 2947 mA cm^(-2)at 850℃and 1.6 V.In addition,the catalytic stability of the R-PSFCM0.35 cathode is also proved by operating at 800℃with an applied constant current density of 600 mA cm^(-2)for 100 h.展开更多
Background The World Health Organization(WHO)has emphasized the urgent need for alternative strategies to chemical insecticides for controlling mosquito populations,particularly the invasive Aedes species,which are kn...Background The World Health Organization(WHO)has emphasized the urgent need for alternative strategies to chemical insecticides for controlling mosquito populations,particularly the invasive Aedes species,which are known vectors of arboviruses.Among these alternative approaches,the sterile insect technique(SIT)is experiencing rapid development,with numerous pilot trials being conducted worldwide.Main text This review aims to elucidate the principles of SIT and highlight the significant recent advancements that have facilitated its scalability.I also employ a phased conditional approach to categorize the progression of 39 projects,drawing on peer reviewed studies,press releases and direct communication with project managers.This review indicates that a substantial number of projects illustrate the efficacy of SIT in suppressing Aedes populations,with one project even demonstrating a reduction in dengue incidence.I offer several recommendations to mitigate potential failures and address the challenges of compensation and overcompensation when implementing SIT field trials.Furthermore,I examine the potential implications of male mating harassment on the effectiveness of SIT in reducing disease transmission.Conclusions This comprehensive assessment underscores the promise of SIT as a viable strategy for mosquito control.The insights gained from these trials not only contribute to the understanding of SIT’s effectiveness but also highlight the importance of careful project management and ecological considerations in the pursuit of public health objectives.展开更多
While wing form is known to differ between males and females of the genus Culicoides,detailed studies of sexual dimorphism are lacking.In this study,we analyze sex-specific differences in the wing form of 5 species of...While wing form is known to differ between males and females of the genus Culicoides,detailed studies of sexual dimorphism are lacking.In this study,we analyze sex-specific differences in the wing form of 5 species of the subgenus Avaritia,using geometric morphometrics and comparative phylogenetic methods.Our results confirm the existence of marked sexual dimorphism in the wing form of the studied species and reveal for the first time that while there is a shared general pattern of sexual shape dimorphism within the subgenus,sexual size dimorphism,and particular features of sexual shape dimorphism differ among species.Sexual shape dimorphism was found to be poorly associated to size and the evolutionary history of the species.The tight association of sexual shape dimorphism with aspect ratio suggests that the shape of the wing is optimized for the type of flight of each sex,that is,dispersal flight in females versus aerobatic flight in males.Moreover,the fact that interspecific shape differences are greater and more strongly associated to aspect ratio in males than in females might be indicating that in males the selective pressures affecting flight performance characteristics are more heterogeneous and/or stronger than in females among the studied species.展开更多
Event-based surveillance systems are at the crossroads of human and animal(and plant and ecosystem)health,epidemiology,statistics,and informatics.Thus,their deployment faces many challenges specific to each domain and...Event-based surveillance systems are at the crossroads of human and animal(and plant and ecosystem)health,epidemiology,statistics,and informatics.Thus,their deployment faces many challenges specific to each domain and their intersections,such as relations among automation,artificial intelligence,and expertise.In this context,ourwork pertins to the extraction of epidemiological events in textual data(i.e.news)by unsupervised methods.We define the event extraction task as detecting pairs of epidemiological entities(e.g.a disease name and location).The quality of the ranked lists of pairs was evaluated using specific ranking evaluation metrics.We used a publicly available annotated corpus of 438 documents(i.e.news articles)related to animal disease events.The statistical approach was able to detect event-related pairs of epidemiological features with a good trade-off between precision and recall.Our results showed that using a window of words outperformed document-based and sentence-based approaches,while reducing the probability of detecting false pairs.Our results indicated that Mutual Information was less adapted than the Dice coefficient for ranking pairs of features in the event extraction framework.We believe that Mutual Information would be more relevant for rare pair detection(i.e.weak signals),but requires higher manual curation to avoid false positive extraction pairs.Moreover,generalising the country-level spatial features enabled better discrimination(i.e.ranking)of relevant disease-location pairs for event extraction.展开更多
Several internet-based surveillance systems have been created to monitor the web for animal health surveillance.These systems collect a large amount of news dealing with outbreaks related to animal diseases.Automatica...Several internet-based surveillance systems have been created to monitor the web for animal health surveillance.These systems collect a large amount of news dealing with outbreaks related to animal diseases.Automatically identifying news articles that describe the same outbreak event is a key step to quickly detect relevant epidemiological information while alleviating manual curation of news content.This paper addresses the task of retrieving news articles that are related in epidemiological terms.We tackle this issue using text mining and feature fusion methods.The main objective of this paper is to identify a textual representation in which two articles that share the same epidemiological content are close.We compared two types of representations(i.e.,features)to represent the documents:(i)morphosyntactic features(i.e.,selection and transformation of all terms from the news,based on classical textual processing steps)and(ii)lexicosemantic features(i.e.,selection,transformation and fusion of epidemiological terms including diseases,hosts,locations and dates).We compared two types of term weighing(i.e.,Boolean and TF-IDF)for both representations.To combine and transform lexicosemantic features,we compared two data fusion techniques(i.e.,early fusion and late fusion)and the effect of features generalisation,while evaluating the relative importance of each type of feature.We conducted our analysis using a corpus composed of a subset of news articles in English related to animal disease outbreaks.Our results showed that the combination of relevant lexicosemantic(epidemiological)features using fusion methods improves classical morphosyntactic representation in the context of disease-related news retrieval.The lexicosemantic representation based on TF-IDF and feature generalisation(F-measure=0.92,r-precision=0.58)outperformed the morphosyntactic representation(F-measure=0.89,r-precision=0.45),while reducing the features space.Converting the features into lower granular features(i.e.,generalisation)contributed to improving the results of the lexicosemantic representation.Our results showed no difference between the early and late fusion approaches.Temporal features performed poorly on their own.Conversely,spatial features were the most discriminative features,highlighting the need for robust methods for spatial entity extraction,disambiguation and representation in internet-based surveillance systems.展开更多
Circular dichroism (CD) is extensively used in various material systems for applications including biological detection,enantioselective catalysis,and chiral separation.This paper introduces a chiral absorptive metasu...Circular dichroism (CD) is extensively used in various material systems for applications including biological detection,enantioselective catalysis,and chiral separation.This paper introduces a chiral absorptive metasurface that exhibits a circular polarization-selective effect in dual bands-positive and negative CD peaks at short wavelengths and long wavelengths,respectively.Significantly,we uncover that this phenomenon extends beyond the far-field optical response,as it is also observed in the photothermal effect and the dynamics of thermally induced fluid motion.By carefully engineering the metasurface design,we achieve two distinct CD signals with high g factors (1) at the wavelengths of 877 nm and 1045 nm,respectively.The findings presented in this study advance our comprehension of CD and offer promising prospects for enhancing chiral light–matter interactions in the domains of nanophotonics and optofluidics.展开更多
The Hot Universe Baryon Surveyor(HUBS) is a proposed space-based X-ray telescope for detecting X-ray emissions from the hot gas content in our universe. With its unprecedented spatially-resolved high-resolution spectr...The Hot Universe Baryon Surveyor(HUBS) is a proposed space-based X-ray telescope for detecting X-ray emissions from the hot gas content in our universe. With its unprecedented spatially-resolved high-resolution spectroscopy and large field of view,the HUBS mission will be uniquely qualified to measure the physical and chemical properties of the hot gas in the interstellar medium, the circumgalactic medium, the intergalactic medium, and the intracluster medium. These measurements will be valuable for two key scientific goals of HUBS, namely to unravel the AGN and stellar feedback physics that governs the formation and evolution of galaxies, and to probe the baryon budget and multi-phase states from galactic to cosmological scales. In addition to these two goals, the HUBS mission will also help us solve some problems in the fields of galaxy clusters, AGNs, difuse X-ray backgrounds, supernova remnants, and compact objects. This paper discusses the perspective of advancing these fields using the HUBS telescope.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2023YFB3002501 and 2022YFA1602903)the China Manned Space Project(No.CMS-CSST-2021-A01)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12473002 and 11988101)L.W.acknowledges the support from the GHfund A(Nos.202302017475 and 202407017555).
文摘We present the first high-precision model for the group-scale strong lensing system CASSOWARY 19(CSWA19),utilizing images from the Hubble Space Telescope.Sixteen member galaxies identified via the red-sequence method,and the main halo,all modeled as the dual Pseudo Isothermal Elliptical profile,are incorporated into a parametric lens model alongside an external shear field.To model the system,we adopt the PYAUTOLENS software package,employing a progressive search chain strategy for realizing the transition of source model from multiple Sérsic profiles to a brightness-adaptive pixelization,which uses 1000 pixels in the source plane to reconstruct the background source corresponding to 177,144 image pixels in the image plane.Our results indicate that the total mass within the Einstein radius is MθE≈1.41×10^(13)M_(⊙) and the average slope of the total mass density ρ(r)∝r^(−γ) is γ=1.33 within the effective radius.This slope is shallower than those measured in galaxies and groups but is closer to those of galaxy clusters.In addition,our approach successfully resolves the two merging galaxies in the background source and yields a total magnification of μ=-103.18_(-0.19)^(+0.23),which is significantly higher than the outcomes from previous studies of CSWA19.In summary,our research demonstrates the effectiveness of the brightness-adaptive pixelization source reconstruction technique for modeling group-scale strong lensing systems.It can serve as a technical reference for future investigations into pixel-level modeling of the group-and clusterscale strong lensing systems.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11532009,11522219).
文摘Past decades have witnessed the explosive growth of interest in the field of bioinspired materials,of which the structures and properties can be well utilized for industrial and bioengineering applications.Among these structures,the natural fibrous structures propose diverse strategies to adapt to their environment,offering inspirations for versatile applications,especially droplet manipulation.With various well-adapted soft structures and materials,these fibrous structures show good control over their interaction with liquids(e.g.,water),providing a database full of effective solutions to these droplet-related scientific and technical problems(e.g.,colloidal synthesis,single-cell gene sequencing,drug delivery and solution synthesis).In this review,the current achievements in water collection by multiple fibrous structures are highlighted;the structures,basic models,bio-inspired structures and their applications are presented;and the current challenges and future prospects for the development of bio-inspired fibrous structures are discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22278203,No.22279057)the support of the Inner Mongolia major science and technology project(2021ZD0042),Development of integrated technology for CO_(2)emission reduction in electric power metallurgy industry
文摘Solid oxide electrolysis cells(SOECs),displaying high current density and energy efficiency,have been proven to be an effective technique to electrochemically reduce CO_(2)into CO.However,the insufficiency of cathode activity and stability is a tricky problem to be addressed for SOECs.Hence,it is urgent to develop suitable cathode materials with excellent catalytic activity and stability for further practical application of SOECs.Herein,a reduced perovskite oxide,Pr_(0.35)Sr_(0.6)Fe_(0.7)Cu_(0.2)Mo_(0.1)O_(3-δ)(PSFCM0.35),is developed as SOECs cathode to electrolyze CO_(2).After reduction in 10%H_(2)/Ar,Cu and Fe nanoparticles are exsolved from the PSFCM0.35 lattice,resulting in a phase transformation from cubic perovskite to Ruddlesden-Popper(RP)perovskite with more oxygen vacancies.The exsolved metal nanoparticles are tightly attached to the perovskite substrate and afford more active sites to accelerate CO_(2)adsorption and dissociation on the cathode surface.The significantly strengthened CO_(2)adsorption capacity obtained after reduction is demonstrated by in situ Fourier transform-infrared(FT-IR)spectra.Symmetric cells with the reduced PSFCM0.35(R-PSFCM0.35)electrode exhibit a low polarization resistance of 0.43Ωcm^(2)at 850℃.Single electrolysis cells with the R-PSFCM0.35 cathode display an outstanding current density of 2947 mA cm^(-2)at 850℃and 1.6 V.In addition,the catalytic stability of the R-PSFCM0.35 cathode is also proved by operating at 800℃with an applied constant current density of 600 mA cm^(-2)for 100 h.
文摘Background The World Health Organization(WHO)has emphasized the urgent need for alternative strategies to chemical insecticides for controlling mosquito populations,particularly the invasive Aedes species,which are known vectors of arboviruses.Among these alternative approaches,the sterile insect technique(SIT)is experiencing rapid development,with numerous pilot trials being conducted worldwide.Main text This review aims to elucidate the principles of SIT and highlight the significant recent advancements that have facilitated its scalability.I also employ a phased conditional approach to categorize the progression of 39 projects,drawing on peer reviewed studies,press releases and direct communication with project managers.This review indicates that a substantial number of projects illustrate the efficacy of SIT in suppressing Aedes populations,with one project even demonstrating a reduction in dengue incidence.I offer several recommendations to mitigate potential failures and address the challenges of compensation and overcompensation when implementing SIT field trials.Furthermore,I examine the potential implications of male mating harassment on the effectiveness of SIT in reducing disease transmission.Conclusions This comprehensive assessment underscores the promise of SIT as a viable strategy for mosquito control.The insights gained from these trials not only contribute to the understanding of SIT’s effectiveness but also highlight the importance of careful project management and ecological considerations in the pursuit of public health objectives.
基金This study was partly financed by the Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrarias(project number FAU2008-00019-C03).
文摘While wing form is known to differ between males and females of the genus Culicoides,detailed studies of sexual dimorphism are lacking.In this study,we analyze sex-specific differences in the wing form of 5 species of the subgenus Avaritia,using geometric morphometrics and comparative phylogenetic methods.Our results confirm the existence of marked sexual dimorphism in the wing form of the studied species and reveal for the first time that while there is a shared general pattern of sexual shape dimorphism within the subgenus,sexual size dimorphism,and particular features of sexual shape dimorphism differ among species.Sexual shape dimorphism was found to be poorly associated to size and the evolutionary history of the species.The tight association of sexual shape dimorphism with aspect ratio suggests that the shape of the wing is optimized for the type of flight of each sex,that is,dispersal flight in females versus aerobatic flight in males.Moreover,the fact that interspecific shape differences are greater and more strongly associated to aspect ratio in males than in females might be indicating that in males the selective pressures affecting flight performance characteristics are more heterogeneous and/or stronger than in females among the studied species.
基金by the French General Directorate for Food(DGAL),the French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development(CIRAD)and the SONGES Project(FEDER and Occitanie)supported by the French National Research Agency under the Investments for the Future Program,referred to as ANR-16-CONV-0004.by EU grant 874850 MOOD and is catalogued as MOOD010.
文摘Event-based surveillance systems are at the crossroads of human and animal(and plant and ecosystem)health,epidemiology,statistics,and informatics.Thus,their deployment faces many challenges specific to each domain and their intersections,such as relations among automation,artificial intelligence,and expertise.In this context,ourwork pertins to the extraction of epidemiological events in textual data(i.e.news)by unsupervised methods.We define the event extraction task as detecting pairs of epidemiological entities(e.g.a disease name and location).The quality of the ranked lists of pairs was evaluated using specific ranking evaluation metrics.We used a publicly available annotated corpus of 438 documents(i.e.news articles)related to animal disease events.The statistical approach was able to detect event-related pairs of epidemiological features with a good trade-off between precision and recall.Our results showed that using a window of words outperformed document-based and sentence-based approaches,while reducing the probability of detecting false pairs.Our results indicated that Mutual Information was less adapted than the Dice coefficient for ranking pairs of features in the event extraction framework.We believe that Mutual Information would be more relevant for rare pair detection(i.e.weak signals),but requires higher manual curation to avoid false positive extraction pairs.Moreover,generalising the country-level spatial features enabled better discrimination(i.e.ranking)of relevant disease-location pairs for event extraction.
基金EU grant 874850 MOOD and is catalogued as MOOD009the French General Directorate for Food(DGAL),the French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development(CIRAD),the SONGES Project(FEDER and Occitanie),and the French National Research Agency under the Investments for the Future Program,referred to as ANR-16-CONV-0004(#DigitAg).
文摘Several internet-based surveillance systems have been created to monitor the web for animal health surveillance.These systems collect a large amount of news dealing with outbreaks related to animal diseases.Automatically identifying news articles that describe the same outbreak event is a key step to quickly detect relevant epidemiological information while alleviating manual curation of news content.This paper addresses the task of retrieving news articles that are related in epidemiological terms.We tackle this issue using text mining and feature fusion methods.The main objective of this paper is to identify a textual representation in which two articles that share the same epidemiological content are close.We compared two types of representations(i.e.,features)to represent the documents:(i)morphosyntactic features(i.e.,selection and transformation of all terms from the news,based on classical textual processing steps)and(ii)lexicosemantic features(i.e.,selection,transformation and fusion of epidemiological terms including diseases,hosts,locations and dates).We compared two types of term weighing(i.e.,Boolean and TF-IDF)for both representations.To combine and transform lexicosemantic features,we compared two data fusion techniques(i.e.,early fusion and late fusion)and the effect of features generalisation,while evaluating the relative importance of each type of feature.We conducted our analysis using a corpus composed of a subset of news articles in English related to animal disease outbreaks.Our results showed that the combination of relevant lexicosemantic(epidemiological)features using fusion methods improves classical morphosyntactic representation in the context of disease-related news retrieval.The lexicosemantic representation based on TF-IDF and feature generalisation(F-measure=0.92,r-precision=0.58)outperformed the morphosyntactic representation(F-measure=0.89,r-precision=0.45),while reducing the features space.Converting the features into lower granular features(i.e.,generalisation)contributed to improving the results of the lexicosemantic representation.Our results showed no difference between the early and late fusion approaches.Temporal features performed poorly on their own.Conversely,spatial features were the most discriminative features,highlighting the need for robust methods for spatial entity extraction,disambiguation and representation in internet-based surveillance systems.
基金United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation(2018050)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62005037,62075034)。
文摘Circular dichroism (CD) is extensively used in various material systems for applications including biological detection,enantioselective catalysis,and chiral separation.This paper introduces a chiral absorptive metasurface that exhibits a circular polarization-selective effect in dual bands-positive and negative CD peaks at short wavelengths and long wavelengths,respectively.Significantly,we uncover that this phenomenon extends beyond the far-field optical response,as it is also observed in the photothermal effect and the dynamics of thermally induced fluid motion.By carefully engineering the metasurface design,we achieve two distinct CD signals with high g factors (1) at the wavelengths of 877 nm and 1045 nm,respectively.The findings presented in this study advance our comprehension of CD and offer promising prospects for enhancing chiral light–matter interactions in the domains of nanophotonics and optofluidics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11721303, 11821303, 11825303, 11873029, 11890693, 11973033, 11991052, 12025303, 12033004, 12041301, 12121003, 12133008, 12173018, 12192220, 12192223, 12221003, 12233001, 12233005, 12273010, 12273030, 12273057, 12011540375, and U1931140)the China Manned Space Project (Grant Nos. CMS-CSST-2021-A04, CMS-CSST-2021-A06, CMS-CSST-2021-A10, and CMS-CSST-2021-B02)+5 种基金the Ministry of Science and Technology of China through its National Key R&D Program (Grant No. 2018YFA0404502)the National SKA Program of China (Grant No. 2020SKA0120300)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2022YFA1602903)the Outstanding Young and Middle-aged Science and Technology Innovation Teams from Hubei colleges and universities (Grant No. T2021026)the Young Top-notch Talent Cultivation Program of Hubei Province, the National Science Foundation (Grant Nos. AST-2107735, and AST-2219686)NASA (Grant No. 80NSSC22K0668)。
文摘The Hot Universe Baryon Surveyor(HUBS) is a proposed space-based X-ray telescope for detecting X-ray emissions from the hot gas content in our universe. With its unprecedented spatially-resolved high-resolution spectroscopy and large field of view,the HUBS mission will be uniquely qualified to measure the physical and chemical properties of the hot gas in the interstellar medium, the circumgalactic medium, the intergalactic medium, and the intracluster medium. These measurements will be valuable for two key scientific goals of HUBS, namely to unravel the AGN and stellar feedback physics that governs the formation and evolution of galaxies, and to probe the baryon budget and multi-phase states from galactic to cosmological scales. In addition to these two goals, the HUBS mission will also help us solve some problems in the fields of galaxy clusters, AGNs, difuse X-ray backgrounds, supernova remnants, and compact objects. This paper discusses the perspective of advancing these fields using the HUBS telescope.
