Bariatric and metabolic surgeries have gained extensive popularity and trust due to their documented efficacy and safety in managing not only obesity but also associated comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, hypert...Bariatric and metabolic surgeries have gained extensive popularity and trust due to their documented efficacy and safety in managing not only obesity but also associated comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, sleep apnea, and joint pain. Traditionally, bariatric surgeries have been categorized into hypoabsorptive, restrictive, or hybrid approaches. However, these classifications inadequately reflect the complex anatomical and physiological alterations associated with modern surgical methodologies. This paper explores the evolution of metabolic surgeries, emphasizing the integration of physiological concepts into classic procedures to provide more tailored and effective treatment options for obesity and its comorbidities. Finally, the proposal for a new classification based on current metabolic concepts will facilitate communication among patients, doctors, and healthcare professionals. Additionally, it will enable a more didactic and standardized approach to data collection for conducting studies and publications.展开更多
Satellite Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar(InSAR)is widely used for topographic,geological and natural resource investigations.However,most of the existing InSAR studies of ground deformation are based on rela...Satellite Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar(InSAR)is widely used for topographic,geological and natural resource investigations.However,most of the existing InSAR studies of ground deformation are based on relatively short periods and single sensors.This paper introduces a new multi-sensor InSAR time series data fusion method for time-overlapping and time-interval datasets,to address cases when partial overlaps and/or temporal gaps exist.A new Power Exponential Knothe Model(PEKM)fits and fuses overlaps in the deformation curves,while a Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)neural network predicts and fuses any temporal gaps in the series.Taking the city of Wuhan(China)as experiment area,COSMO-SkyMed(2011-2015),TerraSAR-X(2015-2019)and Sentinel-1(2019-2021)SAR datasets were fused to map long-term surface deformation over the last decade.An independent 2011-2020 InSAR time series analysis based on 230 COSMO-SkyMed scenes was also used as reference for comparison.The correlation coefficient between the results of the fusion algorithm and the reference data is 0.87 in the time overlapping region and 0.97 in the time-interval dataset.The correlation coefficient of the overall results is 0.78,which fully demonstrates that the algorithm proposed in our paper achieves a similar trend as the reference deformation curve.The experimental results are consistent with existing studies of surface deformation at Wuhan,demonstrating the accuracy of the proposed new fusion method to provide robust time series for the analysis of long-term land subsidence mechanisms.展开更多
Immune checkpoint inhibitors(and more specifically programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 inhibitors as Pembrolizumab)initiated a revolution in the field of melanoma and have now expanded to several tu...Immune checkpoint inhibitors(and more specifically programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 inhibitors as Pembrolizumab)initiated a revolution in the field of melanoma and have now expanded to several tumor subtypes and in increasingly broader clinical contexts,including the adjuvant and neoadjuvant setting,with potentially curable patients and prolonged survival.The side effects related to these drugs include a wide spectrum of manifestations,with endocrinological adverse events being some of the most frequent.Pembrolizumab-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus is an infrequent but potentially serious and not clearly reversible side effect that possesses characteristic clinical features and has high morbidity and mortality,with a chronic impact on quality of life.The etiopathogenesis of this phenomenom needs to be further investigated and a collaborative effort through the involvement of oncologists and other medical specialists is necessary for the correct identification and management of patients at risk.展开更多
Optical and Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)remote sensing has a long history of use and reached a good level of maturity in archaeological and cultural heritage applications,yet further advances are viable through the e...Optical and Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)remote sensing has a long history of use and reached a good level of maturity in archaeological and cultural heritage applications,yet further advances are viable through the exploitation of novel sensor data and imaging modes,big data and high-performance computing,advanced and automated analysis methods.This paper showcases the main research avenues in this field,with a focus on archaeological prospection and heritage site protection.Six demonstration use-cases with a wealth of heritage asset types(e.g.excavated and still buried archaeological features,standing monuments,natural reserves,burial mounds,paleo-channels)and respective scientific research objectives are presented:the Ostia-Portus area and the wider Province of Rome(Italy),the city of Wuhan and the Jiuzhaigou National Park(China),and the Siberian“Valley of the Kings”(Russia).Input data encompass both archive and newly tasked medium to very high-resolution imagery acquired over the last decade from satellite(e.g.Copernicus Sentinels and ESA Third Party Missions)and aerial(e.g.Unmanned Aerial Vehicles,UAV)platforms,as well as field-based evidence and ground truth,auxiliary topographic data,Digital Elevation Models(DEM),and monitoring data from geodetic campaigns and networks.The novel results achieved for the use-cases contribute to the discussion on the advantages and limitations of optical and SAR-based archaeological and heritage applications aimed to detect buried and sub-surface archaeological assets across rural and semi-vegetated landscapes,identify threats to cultural heritage assets due to ground instability and urban development in large metropolises,and monitor post-disaster impacts in natural reserves.展开更多
The accuracy between ordinary kriging and regression kriging was compared based on the combined consideration of sample size,spatial structure,and auxiliary variables(terrain indices and electromagnetic induction surv...The accuracy between ordinary kriging and regression kriging was compared based on the combined consideration of sample size,spatial structure,and auxiliary variables(terrain indices and electromagnetic induction surveys) for a variety of soil properties in two contrasting landscapes(agricultural vs.forested).When spatial structure could not be well captured by point-based observations(e.g.,when the ratio of sample spacing over correlation range was > 0.5),or when a strong relationship existed between target soil properties and auxiliary variables(e.g.,their R2 was > 0.6),regression kriging(RK) was more accurate for interpolating soil properties in both landscapes studied.Otherwise,ordinary kriging(OK) was better.Soil depth and wetness condition did not appear to affect the selection of kriging for soil moisture interpolation,because they did not significantly change the ratio of sample spacing over correlation range and the relationship with the auxiliary variables.Because of a smaller ratio of elevation change over total study area(E/A = 1.2) and multiple parent materials in the agricultural land,OK was generally more accurate in that landscape.In contrast,a larger E/A ratio of 6.8 and a single parent material led to RK being preferable in the steep-sloped forested catchment.The results from this study can be useful for selecting kriging for various soil properties and landscapes.展开更多
Objective:To develop a quautitative PCR method for detecting hookworm infection and quantification.Methods:A real-time PCR method was designed hased on the intergenic regionⅡof ribosomal DNA of the hookworm Neeator a...Objective:To develop a quautitative PCR method for detecting hookworm infection and quantification.Methods:A real-time PCR method was designed hased on the intergenic regionⅡof ribosomal DNA of the hookworm Neeator americanus.The deteetion limit of this method was compared with the microscopy-hased Kato-Katz method.The real-time PCR method was used to conduct an epidemiological survey of hookworm infection in southern Fujian Province of China.Result:The real-time PCR method was specific for detecting Necator americanus infection,and was more sensitive than conventional PCR or microscopy-based method.A preliminary survey for hookworm infection in villages of Fujian Province confirmed the high prevalence of hnokworm infections in the resident populations.In addition,the infection rate in women was significantly higher than thai of in men.Conclusions:A real-time PCR method is designed,which has increased detection sensitivity for more accurate epidemiological studies of hookworm infections,especially when intensity of the infection needs to he considered.展开更多
Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids （PUFAs）, which are abundant in marine fish oils, have recently received global attention for their prominent anti-obesogenic effects. Among PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid （EPA; 20...Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids （PUFAs）, which are abundant in marine fish oils, have recently received global attention for their prominent anti-obesogenic effects. Among PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid （EPA; 20：5n-3） and docosahexaenoic acid （DHA; 22：6n-3）, which are n-3 long-chain PUFAs widely referred to as omega-3 oils, were reported to prevent the development of obesity in rodents and humans. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-obesity effects of microalgal oil on high-fat induced obese C57BL/6 mice, compared with commercial omega-3 fish oil and vegetable corn oil. Microalgal oil is an inherent mixture of several PUFAs, including EPA, DHA and other fatty acids produced from a marine microalgal strain of Thraustochytriidae sp. derived mutant. It was found to contain more PUFAs （〉80%） and more omega-3 oils than commercial omega-3 fish oil （PUFAs 〉31%） and corn oil （PUFAs 59%）. All three types of oils induced weight loss in high-fat-induced obese mice, with the loss induced by microalgal oil being most significant at 9 weeks （10% reduction）. However, the oils tested did not improve blood lipid levels, although microalgal oil showed an apparent inhibitory effect on lipid accumulation in the liver. These findings may be attributed to the higher PUFA content, including omega-3 oils of microalgal oil than other oils. Collectively, these findings suggest that microalgal oil, derived from Thraustochytriidae sp. derived mutant, is a prominent candidate for replacement of omega-3 fish oils based on its apparent anti-obesity effect in vivo.展开更多
Gypsy moth （Lymantria dispar） larvae displayed marked developmental resistance within an instar to L dispar M nucleopolyhedrovirus （LdMNPV） regardless of the route of infection （oral or intrahemocoelic） in a pre...Gypsy moth （Lymantria dispar） larvae displayed marked developmental resistance within an instar to L dispar M nucleopolyhedrovirus （LdMNPV） regardless of the route of infection （oral or intrahemocoelic） in a previous study, indicating that in gypsy moth, this resistance has a systemic component. In this study, gypsy moth larvae challenged with the Amsacta moorei entomopoxvirus （AMEV） showed developmental resistance within the fourth instar to oral, but not intrahemocoelic, inoculation. In general, gypsy moth is considered refractory to oral challenge with AMEV, but in this study, 43% mortality occurred in newly molted fourth instars fed a dose of 5×10^6 large spheroids of AMEV; large spheroids were found to be more infectious than small spheroids when separated by a sucrose gradient. Developmental resistance within the fourth instar was reflected by a 2-fold reduction in mortality （18%-21%） with 5 X 106 large spheroids in larvae orally challenged at 24, 48 or 72 h post-molt. Fourth instars were highly sensitive to intrahemocoelic challenge with AMEV; 1PFU produced approximately 80% mortality regardless of age within the instar. These results indicate that in gypsy moth, systemic developmental resistance may be specific to LdMNPV, reflecting a co-evolutionary relationship between the baculovirus and its host.展开更多
BACKGROUND Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome(PRES)is a neurotoxic encephalopathic state with clinical symptoms such as headache,altered consciousness,visual disturbances,and seizures.Vasogenic edema occurs ...BACKGROUND Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome(PRES)is a neurotoxic encephalopathic state with clinical symptoms such as headache,altered consciousness,visual disturbances,and seizures.Vasogenic edema occurs predominantly in the posterior occipital and parietal lobes of the brain.PRES is caused by various diseases,and its mechanism remains unclear.However,it can be easily diagnosed based on characteristic lesions on magnetic resonance imaging.CASE SUMMARY A 51-year-old woman with unremarkable past medical history presented with progressively worsening back pain since 2 mo.Physical examinations revealed paralumbar muscle tenderness,a large lesion on the right breast and several masslike lesions on both breasts.The blood pressure(BP)was elevated(150/90 mmHg),and did not respond to antihypertensive medication.On the seventh day of hospitalization,she exhibited a confused mental status and generalized tonicclonic seizures.On magnetic resonance imaging,bilateral cortical and subcortical edema of the occipital lobes,suggestive of PRES,was observed.The serum calcium was 15.8 mg/dL.After two days of treatment with nicardipine,elcatonin,and zolendronic acid,her BP was 130/91 mmHg and serum calcium was 10.1 mg/dL.The patient regained consciousness and her mental status improved.Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography revealed right breast cancer with extensive metastases.CONCLUSION Although rare,hypercalcemia can lead to PRES by causing uncontrolled hypertension.Prompt diagnosis can help prevent severe mental disturbances and even death.展开更多
文摘Bariatric and metabolic surgeries have gained extensive popularity and trust due to their documented efficacy and safety in managing not only obesity but also associated comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, sleep apnea, and joint pain. Traditionally, bariatric surgeries have been categorized into hypoabsorptive, restrictive, or hybrid approaches. However, these classifications inadequately reflect the complex anatomical and physiological alterations associated with modern surgical methodologies. This paper explores the evolution of metabolic surgeries, emphasizing the integration of physiological concepts into classic procedures to provide more tailored and effective treatment options for obesity and its comorbidities. Finally, the proposal for a new classification based on current metabolic concepts will facilitate communication among patients, doctors, and healthcare professionals. Additionally, it will enable a more didactic and standardized approach to data collection for conducting studies and publications.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 42250610212]the China Scholarship Council[No.202106270150].
文摘Satellite Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar(InSAR)is widely used for topographic,geological and natural resource investigations.However,most of the existing InSAR studies of ground deformation are based on relatively short periods and single sensors.This paper introduces a new multi-sensor InSAR time series data fusion method for time-overlapping and time-interval datasets,to address cases when partial overlaps and/or temporal gaps exist.A new Power Exponential Knothe Model(PEKM)fits and fuses overlaps in the deformation curves,while a Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)neural network predicts and fuses any temporal gaps in the series.Taking the city of Wuhan(China)as experiment area,COSMO-SkyMed(2011-2015),TerraSAR-X(2015-2019)and Sentinel-1(2019-2021)SAR datasets were fused to map long-term surface deformation over the last decade.An independent 2011-2020 InSAR time series analysis based on 230 COSMO-SkyMed scenes was also used as reference for comparison.The correlation coefficient between the results of the fusion algorithm and the reference data is 0.87 in the time overlapping region and 0.97 in the time-interval dataset.The correlation coefficient of the overall results is 0.78,which fully demonstrates that the algorithm proposed in our paper achieves a similar trend as the reference deformation curve.The experimental results are consistent with existing studies of surface deformation at Wuhan,demonstrating the accuracy of the proposed new fusion method to provide robust time series for the analysis of long-term land subsidence mechanisms.
文摘Immune checkpoint inhibitors(and more specifically programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 inhibitors as Pembrolizumab)initiated a revolution in the field of melanoma and have now expanded to several tumor subtypes and in increasingly broader clinical contexts,including the adjuvant and neoadjuvant setting,with potentially curable patients and prolonged survival.The side effects related to these drugs include a wide spectrum of manifestations,with endocrinological adverse events being some of the most frequent.Pembrolizumab-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus is an infrequent but potentially serious and not clearly reversible side effect that possesses characteristic clinical features and has high morbidity and mortality,with a chronic impact on quality of life.The etiopathogenesis of this phenomenom needs to be further investigated and a collaborative effort through the involvement of oncologists and other medical specialists is necessary for the correct identification and management of patients at risk.
基金supported by the European Space Agency(ESA)and the National Remote Sensing Center(NRSCC)-Ministry of Science and Technology(MOST)of the P.R.China under[grant number 58113]ESA[contract number 4000135360/21/I-NB,grant numbers 190791 and PP0085498]+3 种基金the German Aerospace Center(DLR)[grant number MTH3764]the Italian Space Agency(ASI)[COSMO-SkyMed license WUHAN-CSK]Planet Labs PBC under the Education and Research Program[grant number 412519]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 42250610212].
文摘Optical and Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)remote sensing has a long history of use and reached a good level of maturity in archaeological and cultural heritage applications,yet further advances are viable through the exploitation of novel sensor data and imaging modes,big data and high-performance computing,advanced and automated analysis methods.This paper showcases the main research avenues in this field,with a focus on archaeological prospection and heritage site protection.Six demonstration use-cases with a wealth of heritage asset types(e.g.excavated and still buried archaeological features,standing monuments,natural reserves,burial mounds,paleo-channels)and respective scientific research objectives are presented:the Ostia-Portus area and the wider Province of Rome(Italy),the city of Wuhan and the Jiuzhaigou National Park(China),and the Siberian“Valley of the Kings”(Russia).Input data encompass both archive and newly tasked medium to very high-resolution imagery acquired over the last decade from satellite(e.g.Copernicus Sentinels and ESA Third Party Missions)and aerial(e.g.Unmanned Aerial Vehicles,UAV)platforms,as well as field-based evidence and ground truth,auxiliary topographic data,Digital Elevation Models(DEM),and monitoring data from geodetic campaigns and networks.The novel results achieved for the use-cases contribute to the discussion on the advantages and limitations of optical and SAR-based archaeological and heritage applications aimed to detect buried and sub-surface archaeological assets across rural and semi-vegetated landscapes,identify threats to cultural heritage assets due to ground instability and urban development in large metropolises,and monitor post-disaster impacts in natural reserves.
基金Supported by the United States Department of Agriculture National Research Initiative Grant(No.2002-35102-12547)
文摘The accuracy between ordinary kriging and regression kriging was compared based on the combined consideration of sample size,spatial structure,and auxiliary variables(terrain indices and electromagnetic induction surveys) for a variety of soil properties in two contrasting landscapes(agricultural vs.forested).When spatial structure could not be well captured by point-based observations(e.g.,when the ratio of sample spacing over correlation range was > 0.5),or when a strong relationship existed between target soil properties and auxiliary variables(e.g.,their R2 was > 0.6),regression kriging(RK) was more accurate for interpolating soil properties in both landscapes studied.Otherwise,ordinary kriging(OK) was better.Soil depth and wetness condition did not appear to affect the selection of kriging for soil moisture interpolation,because they did not significantly change the ratio of sample spacing over correlation range and the relationship with the auxiliary variables.Because of a smaller ratio of elevation change over total study area(E/A = 1.2) and multiple parent materials in the agricultural land,OK was generally more accurate in that landscape.In contrast,a larger E/A ratio of 6.8 and a single parent material led to RK being preferable in the steep-sloped forested catchment.The results from this study can be useful for selecting kriging for various soil properties and landscapes.
基金supported by the Fujian Provincial Grants(2008N2005,2009-CXB-67)Xiamen City Science and Technology Grant(3502Z20094021)
文摘Objective:To develop a quautitative PCR method for detecting hookworm infection and quantification.Methods:A real-time PCR method was designed hased on the intergenic regionⅡof ribosomal DNA of the hookworm Neeator americanus.The deteetion limit of this method was compared with the microscopy-hased Kato-Katz method.The real-time PCR method was used to conduct an epidemiological survey of hookworm infection in southern Fujian Province of China.Result:The real-time PCR method was specific for detecting Necator americanus infection,and was more sensitive than conventional PCR or microscopy-based method.A preliminary survey for hookworm infection in villages of Fujian Province confirmed the high prevalence of hnokworm infections in the resident populations.In addition,the infection rate in women was significantly higher than thai of in men.Conclusions:A real-time PCR method is designed,which has increased detection sensitivity for more accurate epidemiological studies of hookworm infections,especially when intensity of the infection needs to he considered.
基金supported by a grant from the KRIBB Research Initiative Program(KGM2211531)supported by Priority Research Centers Program through NRF funded by the Ministry of Education,Science and Technology (2015R1A6A1A04020885)
文摘Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids （PUFAs）, which are abundant in marine fish oils, have recently received global attention for their prominent anti-obesogenic effects. Among PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid （EPA; 20：5n-3） and docosahexaenoic acid （DHA; 22：6n-3）, which are n-3 long-chain PUFAs widely referred to as omega-3 oils, were reported to prevent the development of obesity in rodents and humans. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-obesity effects of microalgal oil on high-fat induced obese C57BL/6 mice, compared with commercial omega-3 fish oil and vegetable corn oil. Microalgal oil is an inherent mixture of several PUFAs, including EPA, DHA and other fatty acids produced from a marine microalgal strain of Thraustochytriidae sp. derived mutant. It was found to contain more PUFAs （〉80%） and more omega-3 oils than commercial omega-3 fish oil （PUFAs 〉31%） and corn oil （PUFAs 59%）. All three types of oils induced weight loss in high-fat-induced obese mice, with the loss induced by microalgal oil being most significant at 9 weeks （10% reduction）. However, the oils tested did not improve blood lipid levels, although microalgal oil showed an apparent inhibitory effect on lipid accumulation in the liver. These findings may be attributed to the higher PUFA content, including omega-3 oils of microalgal oil than other oils. Collectively, these findings suggest that microalgal oil, derived from Thraustochytriidae sp. derived mutant, is a prominent candidate for replacement of omega-3 fish oils based on its apparent anti-obesity effect in vivo.
基金Partial funding for this project was provided by the National Science Foundation USA (Award No.IBN-0077710)
文摘Gypsy moth （Lymantria dispar） larvae displayed marked developmental resistance within an instar to L dispar M nucleopolyhedrovirus （LdMNPV） regardless of the route of infection （oral or intrahemocoelic） in a previous study, indicating that in gypsy moth, this resistance has a systemic component. In this study, gypsy moth larvae challenged with the Amsacta moorei entomopoxvirus （AMEV） showed developmental resistance within the fourth instar to oral, but not intrahemocoelic, inoculation. In general, gypsy moth is considered refractory to oral challenge with AMEV, but in this study, 43% mortality occurred in newly molted fourth instars fed a dose of 5×10^6 large spheroids of AMEV; large spheroids were found to be more infectious than small spheroids when separated by a sucrose gradient. Developmental resistance within the fourth instar was reflected by a 2-fold reduction in mortality （18%-21%） with 5 X 106 large spheroids in larvae orally challenged at 24, 48 or 72 h post-molt. Fourth instars were highly sensitive to intrahemocoelic challenge with AMEV; 1PFU produced approximately 80% mortality regardless of age within the instar. These results indicate that in gypsy moth, systemic developmental resistance may be specific to LdMNPV, reflecting a co-evolutionary relationship between the baculovirus and its host.
文摘BACKGROUND Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome(PRES)is a neurotoxic encephalopathic state with clinical symptoms such as headache,altered consciousness,visual disturbances,and seizures.Vasogenic edema occurs predominantly in the posterior occipital and parietal lobes of the brain.PRES is caused by various diseases,and its mechanism remains unclear.However,it can be easily diagnosed based on characteristic lesions on magnetic resonance imaging.CASE SUMMARY A 51-year-old woman with unremarkable past medical history presented with progressively worsening back pain since 2 mo.Physical examinations revealed paralumbar muscle tenderness,a large lesion on the right breast and several masslike lesions on both breasts.The blood pressure(BP)was elevated(150/90 mmHg),and did not respond to antihypertensive medication.On the seventh day of hospitalization,she exhibited a confused mental status and generalized tonicclonic seizures.On magnetic resonance imaging,bilateral cortical and subcortical edema of the occipital lobes,suggestive of PRES,was observed.The serum calcium was 15.8 mg/dL.After two days of treatment with nicardipine,elcatonin,and zolendronic acid,her BP was 130/91 mmHg and serum calcium was 10.1 mg/dL.The patient regained consciousness and her mental status improved.Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography revealed right breast cancer with extensive metastases.CONCLUSION Although rare,hypercalcemia can lead to PRES by causing uncontrolled hypertension.Prompt diagnosis can help prevent severe mental disturbances and even death.
