AIM:To synthesize the current body of research regarding the diurnal variations in intraocular pressure(IOP)and corneal biomechanical and morphological parameters,highlighting their significance in various eye conditi...AIM:To synthesize the current body of research regarding the diurnal variations in intraocular pressure(IOP)and corneal biomechanical and morphological parameters,highlighting their significance in various eye conditions.METHODS:A comprehensive review of studies on the diurnal variations of IOP and corneal parameters was conducted.Tonometry findings from various studies were assessed,including the Goldmann applanation tonometry(GAT)and non-contact tonometers.Data on the variations in central corneal thickness(CCT),corneal curvature,and corneal biomechanics measured by the Ocular Response Analyzer system across different population groups was extracted and analyzed.RESULTS:In both healthy subjects and those with Fuchs dystrophy,IOP and CCT demonstrate marked diurnal declines.GAT remains the gold standard for tonometry,with the highest reliability.However,its measurements are influenced by CCT.Keratoconus patients and those with pseudoexfoliation showed significant diurnal variations in IOP.The biomechanical parameters,especially corneal hysteresis(CH)and the corneal resistance factor(CRF),largely remain stable throughout the day for most of eye conditions,with some exceptions.Notably,the corneal morphology diurnal variation,particularly curvature,yielded mixed conclusions across studies.CONCLUSION:Circadian rhythms significantly influence various corneal parameters,most notably IOP and CCT.Further studies should emphasize standardized approaches larger sample sizes,and delve deeper into less-explored areas,such as the effects of orthokeratology lenses on diurnal biomechanical shifts.展开更多
Intact cognitive abilities are fundamental for driving. Driving-relevant cognition may be affected in older drivers due to aging or cognitive impairment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cogniti...Intact cognitive abilities are fundamental for driving. Driving-relevant cognition may be affected in older drivers due to aging or cognitive impairment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cognitive impairment on driving-relevant cognition in older persons. Performance in selective and divided attention, eye-hand-coordination, executive functions and the ability to regulate distance and speed of 18 older persons with CI-Group （cognitive impairment group） was compared to performance of older control group （18 age and gender-matched cognitively normal subjects） and young control group （18 gender-matched young subjects）. The CI-Group showed poorer performance than the other two control groups in all cognitive tasks （significance level （p） 〈 0.001, effect size （partial r/e） = 0.63）. Differences between cognitively impaired and cognitively normal subjects were still significant after controlling for age （effect sizes from 0.14 to 0.28）. Dual tasking affected performance of cognitively impaired subjects more than performance of the other two groups （p = 0.016, partial η2 = 0.14）. Results show that cognitive impairment has age-independent detrimental effects on selective and divided attention, eye-hand-coordination, executive functions and the ability to regulate distance and speed. Largest effect sizes are found for reaction times in attention tasks.展开更多
The selection of appropriate outcome measures is fundamental to the design of any successful clinical trial. Although dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is one of the most common neurodegenerative conditions, assessment ...The selection of appropriate outcome measures is fundamental to the design of any successful clinical trial. Although dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is one of the most common neurodegenerative conditions, assessment of therapeutic benefit in clinical trials often relies on tools developed for other conditions, such as Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s disease. These may not be sufficiently valid or sensitive to treatment changes in DLB, decreasing their utility. In this review, we discuss the limitations and strengths of selected available tools used to measure DLB-associated outcomes in clinical trials and highlight the potential roles for more specific objective measures. We emphasize that the existing outcome measures require validation in the DLB population and that DLB-specific outcomes need to be developed. Finally, we highlight how the selection of outcome measures may vary between symptomatic and disease-modifying therapy trials.展开更多
Correction to:Translational Neurodegeneration(2022)11:24 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40035-022-00299-w Following publication of the original article[1],the authors identified some errors in the Additional files 1-5.The o...Correction to:Translational Neurodegeneration(2022)11:24 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40035-022-00299-w Following publication of the original article[1],the authors identified some errors in the Additional files 1-5.The original article[1]has been corrected.展开更多
基金supported by the Conselleria de Innovación,Universidades,Ciencia y Sociedad Digital de la Generalitat Valenciana within the Program ACIF(Subvenciones para la contratación de personal investigador predoctoral),reference number CIACIF/2022/073,cofinanced by European Social Fund.
文摘AIM:To synthesize the current body of research regarding the diurnal variations in intraocular pressure(IOP)and corneal biomechanical and morphological parameters,highlighting their significance in various eye conditions.METHODS:A comprehensive review of studies on the diurnal variations of IOP and corneal parameters was conducted.Tonometry findings from various studies were assessed,including the Goldmann applanation tonometry(GAT)and non-contact tonometers.Data on the variations in central corneal thickness(CCT),corneal curvature,and corneal biomechanics measured by the Ocular Response Analyzer system across different population groups was extracted and analyzed.RESULTS:In both healthy subjects and those with Fuchs dystrophy,IOP and CCT demonstrate marked diurnal declines.GAT remains the gold standard for tonometry,with the highest reliability.However,its measurements are influenced by CCT.Keratoconus patients and those with pseudoexfoliation showed significant diurnal variations in IOP.The biomechanical parameters,especially corneal hysteresis(CH)and the corneal resistance factor(CRF),largely remain stable throughout the day for most of eye conditions,with some exceptions.Notably,the corneal morphology diurnal variation,particularly curvature,yielded mixed conclusions across studies.CONCLUSION:Circadian rhythms significantly influence various corneal parameters,most notably IOP and CCT.Further studies should emphasize standardized approaches larger sample sizes,and delve deeper into less-explored areas,such as the effects of orthokeratology lenses on diurnal biomechanical shifts.
文摘Intact cognitive abilities are fundamental for driving. Driving-relevant cognition may be affected in older drivers due to aging or cognitive impairment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cognitive impairment on driving-relevant cognition in older persons. Performance in selective and divided attention, eye-hand-coordination, executive functions and the ability to regulate distance and speed of 18 older persons with CI-Group （cognitive impairment group） was compared to performance of older control group （18 age and gender-matched cognitively normal subjects） and young control group （18 gender-matched young subjects）. The CI-Group showed poorer performance than the other two control groups in all cognitive tasks （significance level （p） 〈 0.001, effect size （partial r/e） = 0.63）. Differences between cognitively impaired and cognitively normal subjects were still significant after controlling for age （effect sizes from 0.14 to 0.28）. Dual tasking affected performance of cognitively impaired subjects more than performance of the other two groups （p = 0.016, partial η2 = 0.14）. Results show that cognitive impairment has age-independent detrimental effects on selective and divided attention, eye-hand-coordination, executive functions and the ability to regulate distance and speed. Largest effect sizes are found for reaction times in attention tasks.
基金the NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre based at Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University.SJGL is supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council Leadership Fellowship(1195830).
文摘The selection of appropriate outcome measures is fundamental to the design of any successful clinical trial. Although dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is one of the most common neurodegenerative conditions, assessment of therapeutic benefit in clinical trials often relies on tools developed for other conditions, such as Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s disease. These may not be sufficiently valid or sensitive to treatment changes in DLB, decreasing their utility. In this review, we discuss the limitations and strengths of selected available tools used to measure DLB-associated outcomes in clinical trials and highlight the potential roles for more specific objective measures. We emphasize that the existing outcome measures require validation in the DLB population and that DLB-specific outcomes need to be developed. Finally, we highlight how the selection of outcome measures may vary between symptomatic and disease-modifying therapy trials.
文摘Correction to:Translational Neurodegeneration(2022)11:24 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40035-022-00299-w Following publication of the original article[1],the authors identified some errors in the Additional files 1-5.The original article[1]has been corrected.
