Background GOSSYM is a mechanistic,process-based cotton model that can simulate cotton crop growth and development,yield,and fiber quality.Its fiber quality module was developed based on controlled experiments explici...Background GOSSYM is a mechanistic,process-based cotton model that can simulate cotton crop growth and development,yield,and fiber quality.Its fiber quality module was developed based on controlled experiments explicitly conducted on the Texas Marker^(-1)(TM1)variety,potentially making its functional equations more aligned with this cultivar.To assess the model’s broader applicability,this study analyzed fiber quality data from 40 upland cotton cultivars,including TM1.The measured fiber quality from all cultivars was then compared with the modelsimulated fiber quality.Results Among the 40 upland cultivars,fiber strength varied from 28.4 cN·tex^(-1) to 34.6 cN·tex^(-1),fiber length ranged from 27.1 mm to 33.3 mm,micronaire value ranged from 2.7 to 4.6,and length uniformity index varied from 82.3%to 85.5%.The model simulated fiber quality closely matched the measured values for TM1,with the absolute percentage error(APE)being less than 0.92%for fiber strength,fiber length,and length uniformity index and 4.7%for micronaire.However,significant differences were observed for the other cultivars.The Pearson correlation coefficient(r)between the measured and simulated values was negative for all fiber quality traits,and Wilmotts’s index of agreement(WIA)was below 0.45,indicating a strong model bias toward TM1 without incorporating cultivar-specific parameters.After incorporating cultivar-specific parameters,the model’s performance improved significantly,with an average r-value of 0.84 and WIA of 0.88.Conclusions The adopted methodology and estimated cultivar-specific parameters improved the model’s simulation accuracy.This approach can be applied to newer cotton cultivars,enhancing the GOSSYM model’s utility and its applicability for agricultural management and policy decisions.展开更多
Arsenic(As)contamination is one of the major factors that contribute to environmental pollution,and it plays havoc with sustainability of crop production.Nano-hydroxyapatite(nHAP)can be an effective phosphorus(P)sourc...Arsenic(As)contamination is one of the major factors that contribute to environmental pollution,and it plays havoc with sustainability of crop production.Nano-hydroxyapatite(nHAP)can be an effective phosphorus(P)source to cope with As toxicity.The mitigating effects of variable P sources on As toxicity in rice,sunflower,and maize grown in an alkaline soil were evaluated.Arsenic was applied at 0 and 20 mg kg^(-1),and P was applied at 0,50,and 500 mg kg^(-1)in the forms of triple superphosphate(TSP)and nHAP.In addition,the same amount of phosphoric acid was also used in the sunflower and maize experiments with the other P sources.The structural and functional properties of nHAP were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.Stunted growth was observed in rice,and less in sunflower;maize remained unaffected by As toxicity.In the presence of As,TSP and nHAP at their high doses(500 mg kg^(-1))significantly increased the rice dry weight compared with the control(0 mg kg^(-1)).The As concentration in rice was decreased by approximately 25%in the presence of 50 mg kg^(-1)TSP and 500 mg kg^(-1)nHAP.The P treatments had no significant effect on the As concentration in sunflower,whereas the As concentration in maize was increased by 500 mg kg^(-1)TSP.In the absence and presence of As,nHAP at 50 mg kg^(-1)significantly increased rice P concentration,whereas in the presence of As,500 mg kg^(-1)TSP significantly increased P concentration in rice compared with the control.Arsenic had no significant effect on sunflower P concentration,while the maize P concentration was decreased in the 0 mg kg^(-1)P treatment.It can be concluded that TSP and nHAP were effective in alleviating As toxicity in rice and sunflower.Comparative studies are further needed to determine the long-term effects of TSP and nHAP on prevention of As toxicity in field conditions.展开更多
Commercial production of spinach(Spinacia oleracea L.)is centered in California and Arizona in the US,where downy mildew caused by Peronospora effusa is the most destructive disease.Nineteen typical races of P.effusa ...Commercial production of spinach(Spinacia oleracea L.)is centered in California and Arizona in the US,where downy mildew caused by Peronospora effusa is the most destructive disease.Nineteen typical races of P.effusa have been reported to infect spinach,with 16 identified after 1990.The regular appearance of new pathogen races breaks the resistance gene introgressed in spinach.We attempted to map and delineate the RPF2 locus at a finer resolution,identify linked single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)markers,and report candidate downy mildew resistance(R)genes.Progeny populations segregating for RPF2 locus derived from resistant differential cultivar Lazio were infected using race 5 of P.effusa and were used to study for genetic transmission and mapping analysis in this study.Association analysis performed with low coverage whole genome resequencing-generated SNP markers mapped the RPF2 locus between 0.47 to 1.46 Mb of chromosome 3 with peak SNP(Chr3_1,221,009)showing a LOD value of 61.6 in the GLM model in TASSEL,which was within 1.08 Kb from Spo12821,a gene that encodes CC-NBS-LRR plant disease resistance protein.In addition,a combined analysis of progeny panels of Lazio and Whale segregating for RPF2 and RPF3 loci delineated the resistance section in chromosome 3 between 1.18–1.23 and 1.75–1.76 Mb.This study provides valuable information on the RPF2 resistance region in the spinach cultivar Lazio compared to RPF3 loci in the cultivar Whale.The RPF2 and RPF3 specific SNP markers,plus the resistant genes reported here,could add value to breeding efforts to develop downy mildew resistant cultivars in the future.展开更多
Loss of genetic variability is an increasing challenge in tree breeding programs due to the repeated use of a reduced number of founder genotypes.However,in almond,little is known about the genetic variability in curr...Loss of genetic variability is an increasing challenge in tree breeding programs due to the repeated use of a reduced number of founder genotypes.However,in almond,little is known about the genetic variability in current breeding stocks,although several cases of inbreeding depression have been reported.To gain insights into the genetic structure in modern breeding programs worldwide,marker-verified pedigree data of 220 almond cultivars and breeding selections were analyzed.Inbreeding coefficients,pairwise relatedness,and genetic contribution were calculated for these genotypes.The results reveal two mainstream breeding lines based on three cultivars:“Tuono”,“Cristomorto”,and“Nonpareil”.Descendants from“Tuono”or“Cristomorto”number 76(sharing 34 descendants),while“Nonpareil”has 71 descendants.The mean inbreeding coefficient of the analyzed genotypes was 0.041,with 14 genotypes presenting a high inbreeding coefficient,over 0.250.Breeding programs from France,the USA,and Spain showed inbreeding coefficients of 0.075,0.070,and 0.037,respectively.According to their genetic contribution,modern cultivars from Israel,France,the USA,Spain,and Australia trace back to a maximum of six main founding genotypes.Among the group of 65 genotypes carrying the S f allele for self-compatibility,the mean relatedness coefficient was 0.125,with“Tuono”as the main founding genotype(24.7%of total genetic contribution).The results broaden our understanding about the tendencies followed in almond breeding over the last 50 years and will have a large impact into breeding decision-making process worldwide.Increasing current genetic variability is required in almond breeding programs to assure genetic gain and continuing breeding progress.展开更多
Background:The development of alfalfa cultivars with improved digestibility may minimize the yield‐quality tradeoff,enabling higher quality with lateharvested forage and possibly higher yields.Methods:An irrigated ex...Background:The development of alfalfa cultivars with improved digestibility may minimize the yield‐quality tradeoff,enabling higher quality with lateharvested forage and possibly higher yields.Methods:An irrigated experiment conducted over 4 years compared 28‐d harvest schedules with 35‐d harvest schedules and an alternating 21‐d and 35‐d schedule.Four conventional cultivars and four cultivars developed for higher digestibility were grown under each schedule.Results:Delayed cutting(35‐d)yields were 16%greater and the staggered treatments were 6%higher than the 28‐d strategy.The nutritive value decreased significantly with the 35‐d schedule,but a“staggered”system provided nutritive value similar to the 28‐d schedule while achieving higher yields.The nutritive value of cultivars was in the order of HarvXtra>Hi‐Gest>conventional cultivars.The HarvXtra but not Hi‐Gest cultivars achieved similar digestibility under the 35‐d cutting schedule compared with conventional cultivars on a 28‐d schedule.Conclusions:This study clearly demonstrates that higher nutritive value cultivars of fall dormancy 6–9 grown with staggered or late cutting schedules can increase yields while maintaining higher nutritive value.The combination of staggered or late schedules with improved cultivars can maximize yields while maintaining the nutritive value of alfalfa,potentially breaking the alfalfa yield‐quality tradeoff.展开更多
Purpose-The real-time generation of feature descriptors for object recognition is a challenging problem.In this research,the purpose of this paper is to provide a hardware friendly framework to generate sparse feature...Purpose-The real-time generation of feature descriptors for object recognition is a challenging problem.In this research,the purpose of this paper is to provide a hardware friendly framework to generate sparse features that can be useful for key feature point selection,feature extraction,and descriptor construction.The inspiration is drawn from feature formation processes of the human brain,taking into account the sparse,modular,and hierarchical processing of visual information.Design/methodology/approach-A sparse set of neurons referred as active neurons determines the feature points necessary for high-level vision applications such as object recognition.A psycho-physical mechanism of human low-level vision relates edge detection to noticeable local spatial stimuli,representing this set of active neurons.A cognitive memory cell array-based implementation of low-level vision is proposed.Applications of memory cell in edge detection are used for realizing human vision inspired feature selection and leading to feature vector construction for high-level vision applications.Findings-True parallel architecture and faster response of cognitive circuits avoid time costly and redundant feature extraction steps.Validation of proposed feature vector toward high-level computer vision applications is demonstrated using standard object recognition databases.The comparison against existing state-of-the-art object recognition features and methods shows an accuracy of 97,95,69 percent for Columbia Object Image Library-100,ALOI,and PASCAL VOC 2007 databases indicating an increase from benchmark methods by 5,3 and 10 percent,respectively.Originality/value-A hardware friendly low-level sparse edge feature processing system isproposed for recognizing objects.The edge features are developed based on threshold logic of neurons,and the sparse selection of the features applies a modular and hierarchical processing inspired from the human neural system.展开更多
The Leafminers,representing a diverse group of insects from various genera within the Agromyzidae family,pose a significant threat to spinach(Spinacia oleracea L.)production.This study aimed to identify single nucleot...The Leafminers,representing a diverse group of insects from various genera within the Agromyzidae family,pose a significant threat to spinach(Spinacia oleracea L.)production.This study aimed to identify single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)markers associated with leafminer resistance through a genome-wide association study(GWAS)and to evaluate the prediction accuracy(PA)for selecting resistant spinach using genomic prediction(GP).Using a dataset of 84301 SNPs obtained from whole-genome resequencing,seven GWAS models,including BLINK,FarmCPU,MLM,and MLMM in GAPIT 3,as well as MLM,GLM,and SMR in TASSEL 5,were employed to perform GWAS on a panel of 286 USDA spinach germplasm accessions.Three SNP markers,namely 1_115279256_C_T,3_157082529_C_T,and 4_168510908_T_G on chromosomes 1,3,and 4,respectively,were identified as associated with leafminer resistance.In the 30 kb flanking regions of these markers,four candidate genes(SOV1g031330,SOV1g031340,SOV4g047270,and SOV4g047280),encoding LOB domain-containing protein,KH domain-containing protein,were discovered.Nodulin-like domain-containing protein,and SAM domain-containing protein,were discovered.The PA for leafminer resistance selection was estimated using ten different SNP sets,including two GWAS-derived marker sets(three and 51 SNPs)and eight random marker sets(ranging from 51 to 10 K SNPs)analyzed by seven GP models.The findings emphasized the superior performance of GWAS-derived SNP sets,reaching a PA of up to 0.79 using the cBLUP model.Notably,this research marks the pioneering application of GP in the context of insect resistance,providing a significant advancement in the understanding and management of leafminer resistance in spinach cultivation.展开更多
Ischemic retinopathy is a leading cause of blindness:Ischemic retinopathies including diabetic retinopathy(DR),retinopathy of prematurity,and retinal artery and vein occlusion are major causes of visual impairment.Isc...Ischemic retinopathy is a leading cause of blindness:Ischemic retinopathies including diabetic retinopathy(DR),retinopathy of prematurity,and retinal artery and vein occlusion are major causes of visual impairment.Ischemic retinopathy can be acute,such as in central or branch retinal artery occlusion,or chronic,such as with DR(Figure 1).Although the causes of retinopathies are diverse,one pathogenic event shared by these conditions is the myeloid cell response to retinal ischemia(Shahror et al.,2024a).展开更多
Objective:This research examines the socio-educational and acculturation experiences of Filipino nurse-migrants within the context of international healthcare systems.It seeks to understand the multifaceted emotional ...Objective:This research examines the socio-educational and acculturation experiences of Filipino nurse-migrants within the context of international healthcare systems.It seeks to understand the multifaceted emotional and professional system-related difficulties they face and how these impact their adaptation strategies and integration processes elsewhere.Methods:A qualitative phenomenological strategy,as described by Colaizzi's 7-step analysis method,was employed.A purposeful sample of 10 Filipino nurses deployed to Saudi Arabia,Oman,the United States,Finland,Australia,Ireland,Norway,and Germany was chosen.Par ticipants took part in video conferencing structured interviews,which were conducted remotely.Manually and using NVivo(Version 15,Lumivero,2024),thematic analysis was conducted to identify impor tant themes from the par ticipants'stories.Results:Seven major themes emerged:(1)emotional and cultural dimensions of guilt,isolation,and professional identity negotiation;(2)language and communication barriers,which comprise code-switching and cultural deference challenges;(3)systematic barriers such as credential recognition,licensing examinations,and bureaucratic obstacles;(4)gaps in clinical practice standards,patient care ethics,and discrepancy;(5)family and finances as motivation and resilience;(6)bridging programs and adaptation to student-centered learning as educational transitions;and(7)cultural adaptation depicts discrimination,the workplace hierarchical order,discerning and pragmatically fluent challenges.Despite systemic inequities,participants demonstrated remarkable adaptability,which was visibly rooted in Filipino cultural values such as pakikisama,utang na loob,and bayanihan.Conclusions:The migration experience of Filipino nurses is associated with profound and emotional changes on professional and cultural levels.While these individuals adapt remarkably well due to their multifaceted resilience,they face unforgiving barriers,including credentialing,cultural,and systemic issues.Policies that foster intercultural understanding alongside psychosocial suppor t and fair recognition of foreign credentials would enhance the positive impact of migrant nurses on international healthcare.These considerations will enhance the integration experience for migrant nurses and have a positive impact on patient care worldwide.展开更多
In this paper,we study a deterministic model with non-autonomous system for mixed cultivars to assess the effect of cultivar susceptibility and seasonal variation on banana Xanthomonas wilt(BXW)disease dynamics.A spec...In this paper,we study a deterministic model with non-autonomous system for mixed cultivars to assess the effect of cultivar susceptibility and seasonal variation on banana Xanthomonas wilt(BXW)disease dynamics.A special case of two cultivars classified as highly susceptible for inflorescence infection(ABB)and less susceptible(AAA)cultivar is considered.The basic reproduction number corresponding to the non-autonomous system is derived and numerically computed to determine disease dynamics.Results showed that the disease dies out whenever the periodic basic reproduction number is less than unity and a periodic solution is obtained when it is greater than one.Results further showed that for both cultivars,the basic reproduction number increases with increasing values of the transmission rates and declines exponentially with increasing values of roguing rates.The critical roguing rate of ABB-genome cultivar was higher than that of AAA-genome cultivars.The peaks in disease prevalence indicate the importance of effective implementation of controls during the rainy season.We conclude that highly susceptible cultivars play an important role in the spread of BXW and control measures should be effectively implemented during the rainy season if BXW is to be eradicated.展开更多
Advances in skeletal muscle omics has expanded our understanding of exercise-induced adaptations at the molecular level.Over the past 2 decades,transcriptome studies in muscle have detailed acute and chronic responses...Advances in skeletal muscle omics has expanded our understanding of exercise-induced adaptations at the molecular level.Over the past 2 decades,transcriptome studies in muscle have detailed acute and chronic responses to resistance,endurance,and concurrent exercise,focusing on variables such as training status,nutrition,age,sex,and metabolic health profile.Multi-omics approaches,such as the integration of transcriptomic and epigenetic data,along with emerging ribosomal RNA sequencing advancements,have further provided insights into how skeletal muscle adapts to exercise across the lifespan.Downstream of the transcriptome,proteomic and phosphoproteomic studies have identified novel regulators of exercise adaptations,while single-cell/nucleus and spatial sequencing technologies promise to evolve our understanding of cellular specialization and communication in and around skeletal muscle cells.This narrative review highlights(a)the historical foundations of exercise omics in skeletal muscle,(b)current research at 3 layers of the omics cascade(DNA,RNA,and protein),and(c)applications of single-cell omics and spatial sequencing technologies to study skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise.Further elaboration of muscle's global molecular footprint using multi-omics methods will help researchers and practitioners develop more effective and targeted approaches to improve skeletal muscle health as well as athletic performance.展开更多
This study investigated biomass allocation in young stands of European beech(Fagus sylvatica L.)and Norway spruce(Picea abies(L.)Karst.)across 31 forest sites in the Western Carpathians,Slovakia.A total of 541 trees a...This study investigated biomass allocation in young stands of European beech(Fagus sylvatica L.)and Norway spruce(Picea abies(L.)Karst.)across 31 forest sites in the Western Carpathians,Slovakia.A total of 541 trees aged 2–10 years,originating from natural regeneration and planting,were destructively sampled to quantify biomass in four components:foliage,branches,stems,and roots.Generalized non-linear least squares(GNLS)models with a weighing variance function outperformed log-transformed seemingly unrelated regression(SUR)models in terms of accuracy and robustness,especially for foliage and branch biomass.When using height as the predictor,SUR models tended to underestimate biomass in planted beech,leading to notable underprediction of aboveground and total biomass.Biomass allocation patterns varied significantly by species and regeneration origin.Using a non-linear system of equations and component ratio modelling,we found out that planted spruce displayed low variability and a consistent dominance of needle biomass,while naturally regenerated beech showed greater variability and a higher proportion of stem biomass,reflecting stronger competition-driven vertical growth.Interspecific differences in total biomass were more pronounced when using tree height,with spruce generally exhibiting greater biomass than beech at equivalent heights.Overall,stem base diameter marginally outperformed tree height as a predictor of biomass.However,tree height-based models showed strong performance and are particularly suitable for integration with remote sensing applications.These findings can directly support forest managers and modellers in comparing regeneration methods and biomass estimation approaches for early-stage stand development,carbon accounting,and remote sensing calibration.展开更多
Silicon(Si)is a promising high-capacity anode in lithium-ion batteries but suffers from chronic chemical degradation and capacity fading during calendar aging,greatly hindering its automobile applications.Electrolyte ...Silicon(Si)is a promising high-capacity anode in lithium-ion batteries but suffers from chronic chemical degradation and capacity fading during calendar aging,greatly hindering its automobile applications.Electrolyte engineering currently relies on conventional evaluation criteria of reducing coulombic consumption,which implicitly presume its equivalence to irreversible capacity loss and complicates battery development.We introduce the detrimental ratioρto quantify the fraction of parasitic species that permanently degrades active material.This metric is independent and crucially complements total coulombic consumption for accurate performance evaluation.We systematically investigate multiple electrolyte formulations using high-precision leakage current measurements,open-circuit-voltage experiments,and post-mortem characterizations.Although some electrolytes exhibit similarly low coulombic consumption,they diverge significantly in capacity retention andρ.Especially,dimethyl-carbonate-based localized-high concentration electrolyte can synergically achieve low coulombic consumption and detrimental ratioρduring calendar aging,owing to its chemically inert and structurally resilient solidelectrolyte interface with minimal isolated Si material.By contrast,increasing fluoroethylene carbonate(FEC)additive content suppresses electrolyte breakdown but suffers aggravated chemical degradation of more LixSi isolation for irreversible capacity loss with a risingρ.This study critically reveals that the chemistry-characteristic detrimental ratioρestablishes physically informed performance evaluation to pave the way for accelerating battery development.展开更多
The advent of artificial intelligence(AI)has propelled augmented reality(AR)display technology to a pivotal juncture,positioning it as a contender for the next generation of mobile intelligent terminals.However,the pu...The advent of artificial intelligence(AI)has propelled augmented reality(AR)display technology to a pivotal juncture,positioning it as a contender for the next generation of mobile intelligent terminals.However,the pursuit of advanced AR displays,particularly those capable of delivering immersive 3D experiences,is significantly hindered by the performance limitations of current hardware and the complexity of system integration.In this study,we present an innovative multi-focal plane AR display system that integrates a non-orthogonal polarization-multiplexing metasurface,freeform optical elements,and an OLED display screen.All optical elements are integrated into a single solid-state architecture,based on a joint optimization design approach of ray tracing and diffraction theory.The multi-focal plane AR visual effect is realized by the compact and multiplexing metasurface,which performs distinct phase functions across diverse polarization channels.Meanwhile,freeform surfaces offer ample design flexibility for the collaborative optimization of multi-focal plane imaging and the see-through systems.Followed by a mechanical design and prototype assembly,we demonstrate the system's capabilities in real-time and multi-focal plane display.The digital images at all virtual image distances seamlessly integrate with the real environment,fully exhibiting the system's high parallelism and real-time interactivity.With the innovative design concept and joint design method,we believe that our work will spur more innovative and compact intelligent solutions for AR displays and inject new vitality into hybrid optical systems.展开更多
Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the associations of baseline income,cumulative income exposure,and income volatility with the incidence of pancreatic and biliary tract cancers in a nationwide Korean cohort.Meth...Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the associations of baseline income,cumulative income exposure,and income volatility with the incidence of pancreatic and biliary tract cancers in a nationwide Korean cohort.Methods:We analyzed 3,361,091 adults aged 30-65 years who underwent the 2012 National Health Insurance Service(NHIS)health screening.Income level was derived from insurance premium data assessed over the five years preceding baseline(2008-2012)and categorized into baseline income quartiles,cumulative exposure to low or high income,and income volatility based on annual percentage changes.Incident pancreatic and biliary tract cancers were identified using diagnostic codes and the copayment reduction registry.Associations were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models with adjustment for demographic,lifestyle,and clinical covariates,and cumulative incidence was compared using Kaplan-Meier curves.Results:During a median follow-up of 9.6 years,14,469 pancreatic cancers and 6,647 biliary tract cancers were newly diagnosed.Lower baseline income was associated with a higher risk of pancreatic and biliary tract cancers,whereas sustained high-income exposure was associated with reduced risk.Cumulative low-income exposure showed a positive linear trend with pancreatic cancer incidence.Income volatility was modestly associated with pancreatic cancer and was positively associated with biliary tract cancer in the fully adjusted model.These associations were generally consistent across subgroups,with a stronger inverse association between prolonged high-income exposure and pancreatic cancer among individuals without diabetes.Conclusions:Income level and income stability were significantly associated with the incidence of pancreatic and biliary tract cancers.Lower baseline income was associated with higher risk,whereas sustained high-income exposure was protective.Income volatility was associated with increased cancer risk,particularly for biliary tract cancer.These findings highlight the importance of incorporating income dynamics into cancer prevention strategies and addressing socioeconomic instability among vulnerable populations.展开更多
Background:Cyperi Rhizoma,derived from Cyperus rotundus L.,is a widely used medicinal herb in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),with Shandong Province recognized as its geo-authentic habitat.However,the quality of Cyp...Background:Cyperi Rhizoma,derived from Cyperus rotundus L.,is a widely used medicinal herb in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),with Shandong Province recognized as its geo-authentic habitat.However,the quality of Cyperi Rhizoma varies significantly across different regions,potentially influencing its therapeutic efficacy.This study investigates the influence of geographic origin on the chemical composition and overall quality of Cyperi Rhizoma.Methods:A comprehensive approach,including traditional quality assessment,GC-MS(g as c hromatography-m ass s pectrometry),RP-HPLC(r everse p hase h igh-p erformance l iquid c hromatography),and FT-IR(f ourier t ransform i nfrared s pectroscopy)techniques,was employed to analyze Cyperi Rhizoma samples from Shandong Province.These methods examined the physical appearance,chemical profile,and content variations,particularly focusing onα-cyperone.Results:Traditional quality assessments revealed noticeable differences in the external characteristics of the samples.GC-MS analysis identified a variety of unique chemical constituents,while RP-HPLC and FT-IR showed significant variations inα-cyperone content,with higher levels found in Shandong samples.Conclusion:These results demonstrate that geographic origin is a critical determinant of Cyperi Rhizoma quality,with Shandong specimens exhibiting superiorα-cyperone levels and characteristic phytochemical profiles.This validates the geo-authenticity concept in TCM and provides actionable data for developing evidence-based quality standards,suggesting that provenance should be prioritized in medicinal material selection and pharmacopeial specifications.展开更多
Anthocyanin-rich foliage plants hold important applications in the pharmaceutical industry and the tea sector,beyond their significant ornamental value.These plants also possess biological and ecological importance,co...Anthocyanin-rich foliage plants hold important applications in the pharmaceutical industry and the tea sector,beyond their significant ornamental value.These plants also possess biological and ecological importance,contributing to reproduction,defense against natural enemies,and adaptation to environmental changes.Thus,a deeper understanding of their leaf coloration will be essential for both practical applications and theoretical understanding.The present study comprehensively reviews the factors influencing anthocyanin metabolism,including biosynthesis,transport,degradation,transcription factors(TF_(S)),post-transcriptional regulation,post translation regulation.Next,we summarize the application of omics technologies in unveiling the mechanisms of anthocyanin synthesis in leaves.Furthermore,we review the molecular mechanisms by which environmental factors regulate leaf coloration by inducing anthocyanin biosynthesis.Lastly,the study addresses unresolved issues in the research of plant leaf coloration and proposes future research directions in this field.This study is anticipated to provide a valuable reference for the study of plant leaf coloration.展开更多
During the process of plant protection in agriculture,the distribution and deposition of droplets or fog fields could directly influence the effectiveness and efficiency of spray.The traditional method of measurement ...During the process of plant protection in agriculture,the distribution and deposition of droplets or fog fields could directly influence the effectiveness and efficiency of spray.The traditional method of measurement of the distribution of droplets mainly used water sensitive papers,glass containers or flour to collect data and inverse results,while a new method of measurement based on the principle of reflection of LIDAR was presented.Droplets were the major targets of the study,and four important algorithms were primarily developed,including the recognition and extraction of targets,the superposition in time-domain,the calculation of effective ranges of distribution,and the development of 3D distribution models.Combined with these algorithms,in order to eliminate the environmental noise,the methods of Fuzzy Environment Matching and Secondary Filter were created and utilized.Meanwhile,the statistics was used for analysis of the duration of scanning as well as computation of the distribution,with enough datasets but the minimum length of time.The results of the experiments showed that the relative error of measurement was less than 7%and Relative Standard Deviation was less than 16%,compared with the values of manual measurement.Furthermore,the 3D models were accurate and clarified in the wind-tunnel experiment.The completed system based on this method could adapt to the requirements of both indoor and outdoor detection.Besides,it is capable of the quantized detection of droplet distribution,providing an effective way of tests for spray technique,especially for the research of the application of plant protection by UAVs.展开更多
The soybean E1 gene is a major regulator that plays an important role in flowering time and maturity.However,it remains unclear how cultivars carrying the dominant E1 allele adapt to the higher latitudinal areas of no...The soybean E1 gene is a major regulator that plays an important role in flowering time and maturity.However,it remains unclear how cultivars carrying the dominant E1 allele adapt to the higher latitudinal areas of northern China.We mapped the novel quantitative trait locus QNE1(QTL near E1) for flowering time to the region proximal to E1 on chromosome 6 in two mapping populations.Positional cloning revealed Glyma.06G204300,encoding a TCP-type transcription factor,as a strong candidate gene for QNE1.Association analysis further confirmed that functional single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) at nucleotides 686 and 1,063 in the coding region of Glyma.06G204300 were significantly associated with flowering time.The protein encoded by the candidate gene is localized primarily to the nucleus.Furthermore,soybean and Brassica napus plants overexpressing Glyma.06G204300 exhibited early flowering.We conclude that despite their similar effects on flowering time,QNE1 and E4 may control flowering time through different regulatory mechanisms,based on expression studies and weighted gene co-expression network analysis of flowering time-related genes.Deciphering the molecular basis of QNE1 control of flowering time enriches our knowledge of flowering gene networks in soybean and will facilitate breeding soybean cultivars with broader latitudinal adaptation.展开更多
基金supported by United States Department of Agriculture,Agricultural Research Service(No.58-8042-9-072)United States Department of Agriculture-National Institute of Food and Agriculture(No.2019-34263-30552)+1 种基金Management Information System(No.043050)United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service-Non-Assistance Cooperative Agreement(No.58-6066-2-030).
文摘Background GOSSYM is a mechanistic,process-based cotton model that can simulate cotton crop growth and development,yield,and fiber quality.Its fiber quality module was developed based on controlled experiments explicitly conducted on the Texas Marker^(-1)(TM1)variety,potentially making its functional equations more aligned with this cultivar.To assess the model’s broader applicability,this study analyzed fiber quality data from 40 upland cotton cultivars,including TM1.The measured fiber quality from all cultivars was then compared with the modelsimulated fiber quality.Results Among the 40 upland cultivars,fiber strength varied from 28.4 cN·tex^(-1) to 34.6 cN·tex^(-1),fiber length ranged from 27.1 mm to 33.3 mm,micronaire value ranged from 2.7 to 4.6,and length uniformity index varied from 82.3%to 85.5%.The model simulated fiber quality closely matched the measured values for TM1,with the absolute percentage error(APE)being less than 0.92%for fiber strength,fiber length,and length uniformity index and 4.7%for micronaire.However,significant differences were observed for the other cultivars.The Pearson correlation coefficient(r)between the measured and simulated values was negative for all fiber quality traits,and Wilmotts’s index of agreement(WIA)was below 0.45,indicating a strong model bias toward TM1 without incorporating cultivar-specific parameters.After incorporating cultivar-specific parameters,the model’s performance improved significantly,with an average r-value of 0.84 and WIA of 0.88.Conclusions The adopted methodology and estimated cultivar-specific parameters improved the model’s simulation accuracy.This approach can be applied to newer cotton cultivars,enhancing the GOSSYM model’s utility and its applicability for agricultural management and policy decisions.
文摘Arsenic(As)contamination is one of the major factors that contribute to environmental pollution,and it plays havoc with sustainability of crop production.Nano-hydroxyapatite(nHAP)can be an effective phosphorus(P)source to cope with As toxicity.The mitigating effects of variable P sources on As toxicity in rice,sunflower,and maize grown in an alkaline soil were evaluated.Arsenic was applied at 0 and 20 mg kg^(-1),and P was applied at 0,50,and 500 mg kg^(-1)in the forms of triple superphosphate(TSP)and nHAP.In addition,the same amount of phosphoric acid was also used in the sunflower and maize experiments with the other P sources.The structural and functional properties of nHAP were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.Stunted growth was observed in rice,and less in sunflower;maize remained unaffected by As toxicity.In the presence of As,TSP and nHAP at their high doses(500 mg kg^(-1))significantly increased the rice dry weight compared with the control(0 mg kg^(-1)).The As concentration in rice was decreased by approximately 25%in the presence of 50 mg kg^(-1)TSP and 500 mg kg^(-1)nHAP.The P treatments had no significant effect on the As concentration in sunflower,whereas the As concentration in maize was increased by 500 mg kg^(-1)TSP.In the absence and presence of As,nHAP at 50 mg kg^(-1)significantly increased rice P concentration,whereas in the presence of As,500 mg kg^(-1)TSP significantly increased P concentration in rice compared with the control.Arsenic had no significant effect on sunflower P concentration,while the maize P concentration was decreased in the 0 mg kg^(-1)P treatment.It can be concluded that TSP and nHAP were effective in alleviating As toxicity in rice and sunflower.Comparative studies are further needed to determine the long-term effects of TSP and nHAP on prevention of As toxicity in field conditions.
基金This research was supported by a USDA-SCRI grant(2017-51181-26830)a USDA-AMS SCMP grant(16SCCMAR0001)the USDA NIFA Hatch project(ARK0VG2018 and ARK02440)to AS.
文摘Commercial production of spinach(Spinacia oleracea L.)is centered in California and Arizona in the US,where downy mildew caused by Peronospora effusa is the most destructive disease.Nineteen typical races of P.effusa have been reported to infect spinach,with 16 identified after 1990.The regular appearance of new pathogen races breaks the resistance gene introgressed in spinach.We attempted to map and delineate the RPF2 locus at a finer resolution,identify linked single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)markers,and report candidate downy mildew resistance(R)genes.Progeny populations segregating for RPF2 locus derived from resistant differential cultivar Lazio were infected using race 5 of P.effusa and were used to study for genetic transmission and mapping analysis in this study.Association analysis performed with low coverage whole genome resequencing-generated SNP markers mapped the RPF2 locus between 0.47 to 1.46 Mb of chromosome 3 with peak SNP(Chr3_1,221,009)showing a LOD value of 61.6 in the GLM model in TASSEL,which was within 1.08 Kb from Spo12821,a gene that encodes CC-NBS-LRR plant disease resistance protein.In addition,a combined analysis of progeny panels of Lazio and Whale segregating for RPF2 and RPF3 loci delineated the resistance section in chromosome 3 between 1.18–1.23 and 1.75–1.76 Mb.This study provides valuable information on the RPF2 resistance region in the spinach cultivar Lazio compared to RPF3 loci in the cultivar Whale.The RPF2 and RPF3 specific SNP markers,plus the resistant genes reported here,could add value to breeding efforts to develop downy mildew resistant cultivars in the future.
基金This research was supported in part by grants from the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness MINECO/FEDER Projects RTA 2017-00084-00-00 and CERCA Program Generalitat of Catalonia.
文摘Loss of genetic variability is an increasing challenge in tree breeding programs due to the repeated use of a reduced number of founder genotypes.However,in almond,little is known about the genetic variability in current breeding stocks,although several cases of inbreeding depression have been reported.To gain insights into the genetic structure in modern breeding programs worldwide,marker-verified pedigree data of 220 almond cultivars and breeding selections were analyzed.Inbreeding coefficients,pairwise relatedness,and genetic contribution were calculated for these genotypes.The results reveal two mainstream breeding lines based on three cultivars:“Tuono”,“Cristomorto”,and“Nonpareil”.Descendants from“Tuono”or“Cristomorto”number 76(sharing 34 descendants),while“Nonpareil”has 71 descendants.The mean inbreeding coefficient of the analyzed genotypes was 0.041,with 14 genotypes presenting a high inbreeding coefficient,over 0.250.Breeding programs from France,the USA,and Spain showed inbreeding coefficients of 0.075,0.070,and 0.037,respectively.According to their genetic contribution,modern cultivars from Israel,France,the USA,Spain,and Australia trace back to a maximum of six main founding genotypes.Among the group of 65 genotypes carrying the S f allele for self-compatibility,the mean relatedness coefficient was 0.125,with“Tuono”as the main founding genotype(24.7%of total genetic contribution).The results broaden our understanding about the tendencies followed in almond breeding over the last 50 years and will have a large impact into breeding decision-making process worldwide.Increasing current genetic variability is required in almond breeding programs to assure genetic gain and continuing breeding progress.
基金UC‐KARE,UC‐Davis,and U.S.Department of Agriculture,Agricultural Research Service(USDA–ARS)Collaborative Agreement No.58‐2034‐8‐038。
文摘Background:The development of alfalfa cultivars with improved digestibility may minimize the yield‐quality tradeoff,enabling higher quality with lateharvested forage and possibly higher yields.Methods:An irrigated experiment conducted over 4 years compared 28‐d harvest schedules with 35‐d harvest schedules and an alternating 21‐d and 35‐d schedule.Four conventional cultivars and four cultivars developed for higher digestibility were grown under each schedule.Results:Delayed cutting(35‐d)yields were 16%greater and the staggered treatments were 6%higher than the 28‐d strategy.The nutritive value decreased significantly with the 35‐d schedule,but a“staggered”system provided nutritive value similar to the 28‐d schedule while achieving higher yields.The nutritive value of cultivars was in the order of HarvXtra>Hi‐Gest>conventional cultivars.The HarvXtra but not Hi‐Gest cultivars achieved similar digestibility under the 35‐d cutting schedule compared with conventional cultivars on a 28‐d schedule.Conclusions:This study clearly demonstrates that higher nutritive value cultivars of fall dormancy 6–9 grown with staggered or late cutting schedules can increase yields while maintaining higher nutritive value.The combination of staggered or late schedules with improved cultivars can maximize yields while maintaining the nutritive value of alfalfa,potentially breaking the alfalfa yield‐quality tradeoff.
文摘Purpose-The real-time generation of feature descriptors for object recognition is a challenging problem.In this research,the purpose of this paper is to provide a hardware friendly framework to generate sparse features that can be useful for key feature point selection,feature extraction,and descriptor construction.The inspiration is drawn from feature formation processes of the human brain,taking into account the sparse,modular,and hierarchical processing of visual information.Design/methodology/approach-A sparse set of neurons referred as active neurons determines the feature points necessary for high-level vision applications such as object recognition.A psycho-physical mechanism of human low-level vision relates edge detection to noticeable local spatial stimuli,representing this set of active neurons.A cognitive memory cell array-based implementation of low-level vision is proposed.Applications of memory cell in edge detection are used for realizing human vision inspired feature selection and leading to feature vector construction for high-level vision applications.Findings-True parallel architecture and faster response of cognitive circuits avoid time costly and redundant feature extraction steps.Validation of proposed feature vector toward high-level computer vision applications is demonstrated using standard object recognition databases.The comparison against existing state-of-the-art object recognition features and methods shows an accuracy of 97,95,69 percent for Columbia Object Image Library-100,ALOI,and PASCAL VOC 2007 databases indicating an increase from benchmark methods by 5,3 and 10 percent,respectively.Originality/value-A hardware friendly low-level sparse edge feature processing system isproposed for recognizing objects.The edge features are developed based on threshold logic of neurons,and the sparse selection of the features applies a modular and hierarchical processing inspired from the human neural system.
基金supported by USDA-SCRI(Grant Nos.2017-51181-26830 and 2023-51181-41321)USDA-AMS SCMP(Grant No.16SCCMAR0001)+1 种基金Arkansas Department of Agriculture SCBGP(Grant No.AM22SCBGPAR1130-00)USDA NIFA Hatch project ARK0VG2018 and ARK02440.
文摘The Leafminers,representing a diverse group of insects from various genera within the Agromyzidae family,pose a significant threat to spinach(Spinacia oleracea L.)production.This study aimed to identify single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)markers associated with leafminer resistance through a genome-wide association study(GWAS)and to evaluate the prediction accuracy(PA)for selecting resistant spinach using genomic prediction(GP).Using a dataset of 84301 SNPs obtained from whole-genome resequencing,seven GWAS models,including BLINK,FarmCPU,MLM,and MLMM in GAPIT 3,as well as MLM,GLM,and SMR in TASSEL 5,were employed to perform GWAS on a panel of 286 USDA spinach germplasm accessions.Three SNP markers,namely 1_115279256_C_T,3_157082529_C_T,and 4_168510908_T_G on chromosomes 1,3,and 4,respectively,were identified as associated with leafminer resistance.In the 30 kb flanking regions of these markers,four candidate genes(SOV1g031330,SOV1g031340,SOV4g047270,and SOV4g047280),encoding LOB domain-containing protein,KH domain-containing protein,were discovered.Nodulin-like domain-containing protein,and SAM domain-containing protein,were discovered.The PA for leafminer resistance selection was estimated using ten different SNP sets,including two GWAS-derived marker sets(three and 51 SNPs)and eight random marker sets(ranging from 51 to 10 K SNPs)analyzed by seven GP models.The findings emphasized the superior performance of GWAS-derived SNP sets,reaching a PA of up to 0.79 using the cBLUP model.Notably,this research marks the pioneering application of GP in the context of insect resistance,providing a significant advancement in the understanding and management of leafminer resistance in spinach cultivation.
基金supported by the National Institute of Health/National Eye Institute(NIH/NEI)grants(R00 EY029373,R01 EY035658)to AYFKnights Templar Eye Foundation Research Grant to ESIntramural UAMS Hornick and Sturgis grants to AYF and ES respectively。
文摘Ischemic retinopathy is a leading cause of blindness:Ischemic retinopathies including diabetic retinopathy(DR),retinopathy of prematurity,and retinal artery and vein occlusion are major causes of visual impairment.Ischemic retinopathy can be acute,such as in central or branch retinal artery occlusion,or chronic,such as with DR(Figure 1).Although the causes of retinopathies are diverse,one pathogenic event shared by these conditions is the myeloid cell response to retinal ischemia(Shahror et al.,2024a).
文摘Objective:This research examines the socio-educational and acculturation experiences of Filipino nurse-migrants within the context of international healthcare systems.It seeks to understand the multifaceted emotional and professional system-related difficulties they face and how these impact their adaptation strategies and integration processes elsewhere.Methods:A qualitative phenomenological strategy,as described by Colaizzi's 7-step analysis method,was employed.A purposeful sample of 10 Filipino nurses deployed to Saudi Arabia,Oman,the United States,Finland,Australia,Ireland,Norway,and Germany was chosen.Par ticipants took part in video conferencing structured interviews,which were conducted remotely.Manually and using NVivo(Version 15,Lumivero,2024),thematic analysis was conducted to identify impor tant themes from the par ticipants'stories.Results:Seven major themes emerged:(1)emotional and cultural dimensions of guilt,isolation,and professional identity negotiation;(2)language and communication barriers,which comprise code-switching and cultural deference challenges;(3)systematic barriers such as credential recognition,licensing examinations,and bureaucratic obstacles;(4)gaps in clinical practice standards,patient care ethics,and discrepancy;(5)family and finances as motivation and resilience;(6)bridging programs and adaptation to student-centered learning as educational transitions;and(7)cultural adaptation depicts discrimination,the workplace hierarchical order,discerning and pragmatically fluent challenges.Despite systemic inequities,participants demonstrated remarkable adaptability,which was visibly rooted in Filipino cultural values such as pakikisama,utang na loob,and bayanihan.Conclusions:The migration experience of Filipino nurses is associated with profound and emotional changes on professional and cultural levels.While these individuals adapt remarkably well due to their multifaceted resilience,they face unforgiving barriers,including credentialing,cultural,and systemic issues.Policies that foster intercultural understanding alongside psychosocial suppor t and fair recognition of foreign credentials would enhance the positive impact of migrant nurses on international healthcare.These considerations will enhance the integration experience for migrant nurses and have a positive impact on patient care worldwide.
基金Mcknight Foundation Grant No.12-508 with additional support from the Roots,Tubers and Banana(RTB)program and Bioversity International.
文摘In this paper,we study a deterministic model with non-autonomous system for mixed cultivars to assess the effect of cultivar susceptibility and seasonal variation on banana Xanthomonas wilt(BXW)disease dynamics.A special case of two cultivars classified as highly susceptible for inflorescence infection(ABB)and less susceptible(AAA)cultivar is considered.The basic reproduction number corresponding to the non-autonomous system is derived and numerically computed to determine disease dynamics.Results showed that the disease dies out whenever the periodic basic reproduction number is less than unity and a periodic solution is obtained when it is greater than one.Results further showed that for both cultivars,the basic reproduction number increases with increasing values of the transmission rates and declines exponentially with increasing values of roguing rates.The critical roguing rate of ABB-genome cultivar was higher than that of AAA-genome cultivars.The peaks in disease prevalence indicate the importance of effective implementation of controls during the rainy season.We conclude that highly susceptible cultivars play an important role in the spread of BXW and control measures should be effectively implemented during the rainy season if BXW is to be eradicated.
基金supported by National Institutes of Health(NIH)Grants AG063944 and AG080047 to KAM.
文摘Advances in skeletal muscle omics has expanded our understanding of exercise-induced adaptations at the molecular level.Over the past 2 decades,transcriptome studies in muscle have detailed acute and chronic responses to resistance,endurance,and concurrent exercise,focusing on variables such as training status,nutrition,age,sex,and metabolic health profile.Multi-omics approaches,such as the integration of transcriptomic and epigenetic data,along with emerging ribosomal RNA sequencing advancements,have further provided insights into how skeletal muscle adapts to exercise across the lifespan.Downstream of the transcriptome,proteomic and phosphoproteomic studies have identified novel regulators of exercise adaptations,while single-cell/nucleus and spatial sequencing technologies promise to evolve our understanding of cellular specialization and communication in and around skeletal muscle cells.This narrative review highlights(a)the historical foundations of exercise omics in skeletal muscle,(b)current research at 3 layers of the omics cascade(DNA,RNA,and protein),and(c)applications of single-cell omics and spatial sequencing technologies to study skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise.Further elaboration of muscle's global molecular footprint using multi-omics methods will help researchers and practitioners develop more effective and targeted approaches to improve skeletal muscle health as well as athletic performance.
基金funded by the grant“EVA4.0”,No.Z.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000803 supported by OP RDE as well as by the projects APVV-19-0387,APVV-22-0056,and APVV-23-0293 from the Slovak Research and Development Agencyco-funded by the European Commission under the Horizon Europe Teaming for Excellence action+1 种基金project Ligno Silvagrant agreement No.101059552。
文摘This study investigated biomass allocation in young stands of European beech(Fagus sylvatica L.)and Norway spruce(Picea abies(L.)Karst.)across 31 forest sites in the Western Carpathians,Slovakia.A total of 541 trees aged 2–10 years,originating from natural regeneration and planting,were destructively sampled to quantify biomass in four components:foliage,branches,stems,and roots.Generalized non-linear least squares(GNLS)models with a weighing variance function outperformed log-transformed seemingly unrelated regression(SUR)models in terms of accuracy and robustness,especially for foliage and branch biomass.When using height as the predictor,SUR models tended to underestimate biomass in planted beech,leading to notable underprediction of aboveground and total biomass.Biomass allocation patterns varied significantly by species and regeneration origin.Using a non-linear system of equations and component ratio modelling,we found out that planted spruce displayed low variability and a consistent dominance of needle biomass,while naturally regenerated beech showed greater variability and a higher proportion of stem biomass,reflecting stronger competition-driven vertical growth.Interspecific differences in total biomass were more pronounced when using tree height,with spruce generally exhibiting greater biomass than beech at equivalent heights.Overall,stem base diameter marginally outperformed tree height as a predictor of biomass.However,tree height-based models showed strong performance and are particularly suitable for integration with remote sensing applications.These findings can directly support forest managers and modellers in comparing regeneration methods and biomass estimation approaches for early-stage stand development,carbon accounting,and remote sensing calibration.
基金supported by the U.S.Department of Energy(DOE),Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy(EERE),Vehicle Technologies Office(VTO)under the Silicon Consortium Seedling project received by Z.H.Coperated for the DOE Office of Science by UChicago Argonne,LLC,under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357+2 种基金Pacific Northwest National Laboratory(PNNL)was supported by the U.S.DOE,Office of Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy(ARPA-E)under the EVs4ALL Program with the contract number DE-AC05-76RL01830operated by Battelle for the DOE under Contract DE-AC0576RL01830performed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory(GMV)and supported by U.S.DOE’s VTO under the Silicon Consortium Program received by G.M.V.and directed by Carine Steinway,Nicolas Eidson Thomas,Thomas Do。
文摘Silicon(Si)is a promising high-capacity anode in lithium-ion batteries but suffers from chronic chemical degradation and capacity fading during calendar aging,greatly hindering its automobile applications.Electrolyte engineering currently relies on conventional evaluation criteria of reducing coulombic consumption,which implicitly presume its equivalence to irreversible capacity loss and complicates battery development.We introduce the detrimental ratioρto quantify the fraction of parasitic species that permanently degrades active material.This metric is independent and crucially complements total coulombic consumption for accurate performance evaluation.We systematically investigate multiple electrolyte formulations using high-precision leakage current measurements,open-circuit-voltage experiments,and post-mortem characterizations.Although some electrolytes exhibit similarly low coulombic consumption,they diverge significantly in capacity retention andρ.Especially,dimethyl-carbonate-based localized-high concentration electrolyte can synergically achieve low coulombic consumption and detrimental ratioρduring calendar aging,owing to its chemically inert and structurally resilient solidelectrolyte interface with minimal isolated Si material.By contrast,increasing fluoroethylene carbonate(FEC)additive content suppresses electrolyte breakdown but suffers aggravated chemical degradation of more LixSi isolation for irreversible capacity loss with a risingρ.This study critically reveals that the chemistry-characteristic detrimental ratioρestablishes physically informed performance evaluation to pave the way for accelerating battery development.
基金funding provided by National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20140)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFA1401200)+2 种基金Beijing Natural Science Foundation(JQ24028)Beijing Nova Program(20240484557)Synergetic Extreme Condition User Facility(SECUF).
文摘The advent of artificial intelligence(AI)has propelled augmented reality(AR)display technology to a pivotal juncture,positioning it as a contender for the next generation of mobile intelligent terminals.However,the pursuit of advanced AR displays,particularly those capable of delivering immersive 3D experiences,is significantly hindered by the performance limitations of current hardware and the complexity of system integration.In this study,we present an innovative multi-focal plane AR display system that integrates a non-orthogonal polarization-multiplexing metasurface,freeform optical elements,and an OLED display screen.All optical elements are integrated into a single solid-state architecture,based on a joint optimization design approach of ray tracing and diffraction theory.The multi-focal plane AR visual effect is realized by the compact and multiplexing metasurface,which performs distinct phase functions across diverse polarization channels.Meanwhile,freeform surfaces offer ample design flexibility for the collaborative optimization of multi-focal plane imaging and the see-through systems.Followed by a mechanical design and prototype assembly,we demonstrate the system's capabilities in real-time and multi-focal plane display.The digital images at all virtual image distances seamlessly integrate with the real environment,fully exhibiting the system's high parallelism and real-time interactivity.With the innovative design concept and joint design method,we believe that our work will spur more innovative and compact intelligent solutions for AR displays and inject new vitality into hybrid optical systems.
基金supported and funded by Korea University Guro Hospital(KOREA RESEARCH-DRIVEN HOSPITAL)(No.O2208261)supported by the Korea University Guro Hospital(KOREA RESEARCH-DRIVEN HOSPITAL)+1 种基金grant funded by Korea University Medicine(No.K2313971)by Korea University。
文摘Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the associations of baseline income,cumulative income exposure,and income volatility with the incidence of pancreatic and biliary tract cancers in a nationwide Korean cohort.Methods:We analyzed 3,361,091 adults aged 30-65 years who underwent the 2012 National Health Insurance Service(NHIS)health screening.Income level was derived from insurance premium data assessed over the five years preceding baseline(2008-2012)and categorized into baseline income quartiles,cumulative exposure to low or high income,and income volatility based on annual percentage changes.Incident pancreatic and biliary tract cancers were identified using diagnostic codes and the copayment reduction registry.Associations were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models with adjustment for demographic,lifestyle,and clinical covariates,and cumulative incidence was compared using Kaplan-Meier curves.Results:During a median follow-up of 9.6 years,14,469 pancreatic cancers and 6,647 biliary tract cancers were newly diagnosed.Lower baseline income was associated with a higher risk of pancreatic and biliary tract cancers,whereas sustained high-income exposure was associated with reduced risk.Cumulative low-income exposure showed a positive linear trend with pancreatic cancer incidence.Income volatility was modestly associated with pancreatic cancer and was positively associated with biliary tract cancer in the fully adjusted model.These associations were generally consistent across subgroups,with a stronger inverse association between prolonged high-income exposure and pancreatic cancer among individuals without diabetes.Conclusions:Income level and income stability were significantly associated with the incidence of pancreatic and biliary tract cancers.Lower baseline income was associated with higher risk,whereas sustained high-income exposure was protective.Income volatility was associated with increased cancer risk,particularly for biliary tract cancer.These findings highlight the importance of incorporating income dynamics into cancer prevention strategies and addressing socioeconomic instability among vulnerable populations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82204610)Qihang Talent Program(L2022046)+1 种基金the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(CI2021A04013)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes(ZZ15-YQ-041 and L2021029).
文摘Background:Cyperi Rhizoma,derived from Cyperus rotundus L.,is a widely used medicinal herb in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),with Shandong Province recognized as its geo-authentic habitat.However,the quality of Cyperi Rhizoma varies significantly across different regions,potentially influencing its therapeutic efficacy.This study investigates the influence of geographic origin on the chemical composition and overall quality of Cyperi Rhizoma.Methods:A comprehensive approach,including traditional quality assessment,GC-MS(g as c hromatography-m ass s pectrometry),RP-HPLC(r everse p hase h igh-p erformance l iquid c hromatography),and FT-IR(f ourier t ransform i nfrared s pectroscopy)techniques,was employed to analyze Cyperi Rhizoma samples from Shandong Province.These methods examined the physical appearance,chemical profile,and content variations,particularly focusing onα-cyperone.Results:Traditional quality assessments revealed noticeable differences in the external characteristics of the samples.GC-MS analysis identified a variety of unique chemical constituents,while RP-HPLC and FT-IR showed significant variations inα-cyperone content,with higher levels found in Shandong samples.Conclusion:These results demonstrate that geographic origin is a critical determinant of Cyperi Rhizoma quality,with Shandong specimens exhibiting superiorα-cyperone levels and characteristic phytochemical profiles.This validates the geo-authenticity concept in TCM and provides actionable data for developing evidence-based quality standards,suggesting that provenance should be prioritized in medicinal material selection and pharmacopeial specifications.
基金supported by Central Finance for the Forestry Science and Technology Promotion Demonstration Project([2024]TG13)the National Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32201643)the Key research projects of Yibin,Research and Integrated Demonstration and Key Technologies for Smart Bamboo Industry(Grant No.YBZD2024-1).
文摘Anthocyanin-rich foliage plants hold important applications in the pharmaceutical industry and the tea sector,beyond their significant ornamental value.These plants also possess biological and ecological importance,contributing to reproduction,defense against natural enemies,and adaptation to environmental changes.Thus,a deeper understanding of their leaf coloration will be essential for both practical applications and theoretical understanding.The present study comprehensively reviews the factors influencing anthocyanin metabolism,including biosynthesis,transport,degradation,transcription factors(TF_(S)),post-transcriptional regulation,post translation regulation.Next,we summarize the application of omics technologies in unveiling the mechanisms of anthocyanin synthesis in leaves.Furthermore,we review the molecular mechanisms by which environmental factors regulate leaf coloration by inducing anthocyanin biosynthesis.Lastly,the study addresses unresolved issues in the research of plant leaf coloration and proposes future research directions in this field.This study is anticipated to provide a valuable reference for the study of plant leaf coloration.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFD0200700)from China Ministry of Science and Technology,and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2015TC036).
文摘During the process of plant protection in agriculture,the distribution and deposition of droplets or fog fields could directly influence the effectiveness and efficiency of spray.The traditional method of measurement of the distribution of droplets mainly used water sensitive papers,glass containers or flour to collect data and inverse results,while a new method of measurement based on the principle of reflection of LIDAR was presented.Droplets were the major targets of the study,and four important algorithms were primarily developed,including the recognition and extraction of targets,the superposition in time-domain,the calculation of effective ranges of distribution,and the development of 3D distribution models.Combined with these algorithms,in order to eliminate the environmental noise,the methods of Fuzzy Environment Matching and Secondary Filter were created and utilized.Meanwhile,the statistics was used for analysis of the duration of scanning as well as computation of the distribution,with enough datasets but the minimum length of time.The results of the experiments showed that the relative error of measurement was less than 7%and Relative Standard Deviation was less than 16%,compared with the values of manual measurement.Furthermore,the 3D models were accurate and clarified in the wind-tunnel experiment.The completed system based on this method could adapt to the requirements of both indoor and outdoor detection.Besides,it is capable of the quantized detection of droplet distribution,providing an effective way of tests for spray technique,especially for the research of the application of plant protection by UAVs.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program(XDA24010105-4,XDA28070000)the Key Deployment Projects(ZDRW-ZS-2019-2)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20215,31771818,31771869)the Young Scientists Group Project(2022QNXZ05)of Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences。
文摘The soybean E1 gene is a major regulator that plays an important role in flowering time and maturity.However,it remains unclear how cultivars carrying the dominant E1 allele adapt to the higher latitudinal areas of northern China.We mapped the novel quantitative trait locus QNE1(QTL near E1) for flowering time to the region proximal to E1 on chromosome 6 in two mapping populations.Positional cloning revealed Glyma.06G204300,encoding a TCP-type transcription factor,as a strong candidate gene for QNE1.Association analysis further confirmed that functional single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) at nucleotides 686 and 1,063 in the coding region of Glyma.06G204300 were significantly associated with flowering time.The protein encoded by the candidate gene is localized primarily to the nucleus.Furthermore,soybean and Brassica napus plants overexpressing Glyma.06G204300 exhibited early flowering.We conclude that despite their similar effects on flowering time,QNE1 and E4 may control flowering time through different regulatory mechanisms,based on expression studies and weighted gene co-expression network analysis of flowering time-related genes.Deciphering the molecular basis of QNE1 control of flowering time enriches our knowledge of flowering gene networks in soybean and will facilitate breeding soybean cultivars with broader latitudinal adaptation.
