Heart transplantation is a life-saving procedure for many people throughout the world.Data shows that in 2024,there was an increase in the volume of adult heart transplantation in the United States even as there was a...Heart transplantation is a life-saving procedure for many people throughout the world.Data shows that in 2024,there was an increase in the volume of adult heart transplantation in the United States even as there was a decrease in the volume of pediatric heart transplantation to the lowest volume in a decade.Organ availability remains a major limiting factor affecting transplant volume.This mandates that innovation must take place to increase the supply of donor organs.While some strategies such as donation after cardiac death,hepatitis C virus+transplantation,and ABO-incompatible transplantation have increased the pool for donation,it still falls short of meeting the demand.Other proposed strategies include splitting the donor heart to provide multiple partial heart transplants,domino partial heart transplantation,changes in legislation including opt-out legislation,and xenotransplantation.Further evolution and refinement of these strategies will make a meaningful impact on patients awaiting life-saving heart transplants.展开更多
Remote sensing technologies play a vital role in our understanding of earthquakes and their impact on the Earth's surface.These technologies,including satellite imagery,aerial surveys,and advanced sensors,contribu...Remote sensing technologies play a vital role in our understanding of earthquakes and their impact on the Earth's surface.These technologies,including satellite imagery,aerial surveys,and advanced sensors,contribute significantly to our understanding of the complex nature of earthquakes.This review highlights the advancements in the integration of remote sensing technologies into earthquake studies.The combined use of satellite imagery and aerial photography in conjunction with geographic information systems(GIS)has been instrumental in showcasing the significance of fusing various types of satеllitеdata sourcеs for comprеhеnsivееarthquakеdamagеassеssmеnts.However,remote sensing encounters challenges due to limited pre-event imagery and restricted postearthquake site access.Furthеrmorе,thеapplication of dееp-lеarning mеthods in assеssingеarthquakе-damagеd buildings dеmonstratеs potеntial for furthеr progrеss in this fiеld.Overall,the utilization of remote sensing technologies has greatly enhanced our comprehension of earthquakes and their effects on the Earth's surface.The fusion of remote sensing technology with advanced data analysis methods holds tremendous potential for driving progress in earthquake studies and damage assessment.展开更多
Gastrointestinal(GI)bleeding is a critical and potentially life-threatening condition frequently observed in the intensive care unit(ICU).This literature review consolidates current insights on the epidemiology,etiolo...Gastrointestinal(GI)bleeding is a critical and potentially life-threatening condition frequently observed in the intensive care unit(ICU).This literature review consolidates current insights on the epidemiology,etiology,management,and outcomes of GI bleeding in critically ill patients.GI bleeding remains a significant concern,especially among patients with underlying risk factors such as coagulopathy,mechanical ventilation,and renal failure.Managing GI bleeding in the ICU requires a multidisciplinary approach,including resuscitation,endoscopic intervention,pharmacologic therapy,and sometimes surgical procedures.Even with enhanced management strategies,GI bleeding in the ICU is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality,particularly when complicated by multi-organ failure.This review reiterates the need for adequate resuscitation and interventions in managing GI bleeding in critically ill patients,aiming to enhance survival rates and improve the quality of care within the ICU setting.展开更多
While numerous allometric models exist for estimating biomass in trees with single stems,models for multi-stemmed species are scarce.This study presents models for predicting aboveground biomass(AGB)in European hazel(...While numerous allometric models exist for estimating biomass in trees with single stems,models for multi-stemmed species are scarce.This study presents models for predicting aboveground biomass(AGB)in European hazel(Corylus avellana L.),growing in multi-stemmed shrub form.We measured the size and harvested the biomass of 30 European hazel shrubs,drying and weighing their woody parts and leaves separately.AGB(dry mass)and leaf area models were established using a range of predictors,such as the upper height of the shrub,number of shoots per shrub,canopy projection area,stem base diameter of the thickest stem,and the sum of cross-sectional areas of all stems at the stem base.The latter was the best predictor of AGB,but the most practically useful variables,defined as relatively easy to measure by terrestrial or aerial approaches,were the upper height of the shrub and the canopy projection area.The leaf biomass to AGB ratio decreased with the shrub's height.Specific leaf area of shaded leaves increases with shrub height,but that of leaves at the top of the canopy does not change significantly.Given that the upper shrub height and crown projection of European hazel can be estimated using remote sensing approaches,especially UAV and LIDAR,these two variables appear the most promising for effective measurement of AGB in hazel.展开更多
Ten physical and environmental variables collected from an on-the-go soil sensor at two field sites (MF3E and MF11S) in Mississippi, USA, were analyzed to assess soil variability and the interrelationships among the m...Ten physical and environmental variables collected from an on-the-go soil sensor at two field sites (MF3E and MF11S) in Mississippi, USA, were analyzed to assess soil variability and the interrelationships among the measurements. At MF3E, moderate variability was observed in apparent electrical conductivity shallow (ECas), slope, and ECa ratio measurements, with coefficients of variation ranging from 20% to 27%. In contrast, MF11S exhibited higher variability, particularly in ECas and ECad (deep) measurements, which exceeded 30% in their coefficient of variation values, indicating significant differences in soil composition and moisture content. Correlation analysis revealed strong positive relationships between the near-infrared-to-red ratio and red reflectance (r = 0.897***) soil values at MF3E. MF11S demonstrated a strong negative correlation between ECas and ECad readings with the x-coordinate (r ***). Scatter plots and fitted models illustrated the complexity of relationships, with many showing nonlinear trends. These findings emphasize the need for continuous monitoring and advanced modeling to understand the dynamic nature of soil properties and their implications for agricultural practices. Future research should explore the underlying mechanisms driving variability in the soil characteristics to enhance soil management strategies at the study sites.展开更多
Basal cell carcinoma(BCC)is the most prevalent form of skin cancer in the world,primarily affecting sun-exposed areas,including the periocular region.When BCC occurs near the eyes,surgical treatment becomes uniquely c...Basal cell carcinoma(BCC)is the most prevalent form of skin cancer in the world,primarily affecting sun-exposed areas,including the periocular region.When BCC occurs near the eyes,surgical treatment becomes uniquely complex.Excess excisions may cause detrimental effects to eyelid function and undesirable aesthetic outcomes.Conversely,adequate resection must occur to prevent further disease progression.Mohs micrographic surgery(MMS),a technique offering high remission rates,is often employed for periocular BCC.This method allows for precise cancer removal while preserving as much healthy tissue as possible,balancing the need for both effective treatment and aesthetic and functional preservation.Following Mohs surgery of periocular BCC,reconstruction methods vary and can be tailored based on the size of the resection and the functional requirements of the affected tissue.Amongst these methods,primary closure with and without secondary intentions,direct margin repair,local flap closure and advance flap,Tenzel flap,tarso-conjunctival flap,periocular skin grafting,and structural grafting are commonly utilized and each has its advantages and limitations.In the future,advancements in synthetic flaps and stabilizing glues in the periocular region may provide additional tools for post-Mohs reconstruction.However,these emerging techniques require further research to establish efficacy and safety,especially in more complex and sensitive regions like the periocular tissues.The primary purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive analysis of periocular reconstructive techniques following Mohs surgery,comparing their efficacy,functional outcomes,and aesthetic considerations while addressing recent advancements such as synthetic flaps and stabilizing glues to guide clinical decision-making.展开更多
Blast-induced ground vibration,quantified by peak particle velocity(PPV),is a crucial factor in mitigating environmental and structural risks in mining and geotechnical engineering.Accurate PPV prediction facilitates ...Blast-induced ground vibration,quantified by peak particle velocity(PPV),is a crucial factor in mitigating environmental and structural risks in mining and geotechnical engineering.Accurate PPV prediction facilitates safer and more sustainable blasting operations by minimizing adverse impacts and ensuring regulatory compliance.This study presents an advanced predictive framework integrating Cat Boost(CB)with nature-inspired optimization algorithms,including the Bat Algorithm(BAT),Sparrow Search Algorithm(SSA),Butterfly Optimization Algorithm(BOA),and Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm(GOA).A comprehensive dataset from the Sarcheshmeh Copper Mine in Iran was utilized to develop and evaluate these models using key performance metrics such as the Index of Agreement(IoA),Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency(NSE),and the coefficient of determination(R^(2)).The hybrid CB-BOA model outperformed other approaches,achieving the highest accuracy(R^(2)=0.989)and the lowest prediction errors.SHAP analysis identified Distance(Di)as the most influential variable affecting PPV,while uncertainty analysis confirmed CB-BOA as the most reliable model,featuring the narrowest prediction interval.These findings highlight the effectiveness of hybrid machine learning models in refining PPV predictions,contributing to improved blast design strategies,enhanced structural safety,and reduced environmental impacts in mining and geotechnical engineering.展开更多
Individual tree health plays a vital role in maintaining a forest's ecological functions,including resources for waterfowl and other wildlife.Seasonal flooding due to altered hydrology is a major stressor on indiv...Individual tree health plays a vital role in maintaining a forest's ecological functions,including resources for waterfowl and other wildlife.Seasonal flooding due to altered hydrology is a major stressor on individual tree health in Greentree reservoirs(GTR),impounded bottomland hardwood forests especially less water tolerant species like red oaks(Quercus spp.).We evaluated the health of individual red oak species(n=6,432)in 662 plots across elevation gradients in 12 GTRs within the lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley using two tree health assessment approaches.The first approach assigns tree conditions(i.e.,stressed,moderate,low)based on overall qualitative tree attributes,while the second approach ranks stress,assigning numerical value based on the severity of four distinct qualitative tree attributes(i.e.,tip dieback,epicormics branch,bark condition,basal swell).The result indicated that the highest mean stress rank and the highest proportion of stressed tree conditions were red oak species,nuttall oak(Q.texana;18.59,0.44),willow oak(Q.phellos;18.66,0.38)and cherrybark oak(Q.pagoda;18.90,0.37).Red oak stress is positively correlated to elevation across the landscape(τ=0.10,p<0.001),but is negatively correlated to relative elevation,topographical changes,within each GTR(τ=-0.11,p<0.001).Additionally,the two health assessments are significantly associated(χ^(2)=313.78,df=2,p<0.001)and had a 13.1%misclassification rate.By utilizing the stress rank method for better classification of tree conditions to understand the adverse effect of prolonged flooding on the health of desirable red oak and other native tree species,management practices can be adjusted to improve tree health in GTRs,benefiting both wildlife and economic value.展开更多
A bicuspid aortic valve,from autologous tissue,with growth potential can be constructed using the simple,and reproducible telescoping arterial trunk technique.
Background GOSSYM is a mechanistic,process-based cotton model that can simulate cotton crop growth and development,yield,and fiber quality.Its fiber quality module was developed based on controlled experiments explici...Background GOSSYM is a mechanistic,process-based cotton model that can simulate cotton crop growth and development,yield,and fiber quality.Its fiber quality module was developed based on controlled experiments explicitly conducted on the Texas Marker^(-1)(TM1)variety,potentially making its functional equations more aligned with this cultivar.To assess the model’s broader applicability,this study analyzed fiber quality data from 40 upland cotton cultivars,including TM1.The measured fiber quality from all cultivars was then compared with the modelsimulated fiber quality.Results Among the 40 upland cultivars,fiber strength varied from 28.4 cN·tex^(-1) to 34.6 cN·tex^(-1),fiber length ranged from 27.1 mm to 33.3 mm,micronaire value ranged from 2.7 to 4.6,and length uniformity index varied from 82.3%to 85.5%.The model simulated fiber quality closely matched the measured values for TM1,with the absolute percentage error(APE)being less than 0.92%for fiber strength,fiber length,and length uniformity index and 4.7%for micronaire.However,significant differences were observed for the other cultivars.The Pearson correlation coefficient(r)between the measured and simulated values was negative for all fiber quality traits,and Wilmotts’s index of agreement(WIA)was below 0.45,indicating a strong model bias toward TM1 without incorporating cultivar-specific parameters.After incorporating cultivar-specific parameters,the model’s performance improved significantly,with an average r-value of 0.84 and WIA of 0.88.Conclusions The adopted methodology and estimated cultivar-specific parameters improved the model’s simulation accuracy.This approach can be applied to newer cotton cultivars,enhancing the GOSSYM model’s utility and its applicability for agricultural management and policy decisions.展开更多
Integrative data from plastid and nuclear loci are increasingly utilized to resolve species boundaries and phylogenetic relationships within major angiosperm clades.Debregeasia(Urticaceae),an economically important ge...Integrative data from plastid and nuclear loci are increasingly utilized to resolve species boundaries and phylogenetic relationships within major angiosperm clades.Debregeasia(Urticaceae),an economically important genus,presents challenges in species delimitation due to its overlapping morphological traits and unstable taxonomic assignments.Here,we analyzed 14 morphological traits and generated 12 data matrices from the plastomes and nrDNA using genome skimming from the nine recognized morphospecies to clarify species boundaries and assess barcode performance in Debregeasia.We also used a universal set of 353 nuclear genes to explore reticulate evolution and biogeographic history of Debregeasia.Plastomes of Debregeasia exhibited the typical quadripartite structure with conserved gene content and marginal independent variations in the SC/IR boundary at inter-and intra-specific levels.Three Debregeasia species were non-monophyletic and could not be discerned by any barcode;however,ultra-barcodes identified the remaining six(67%),outperforming standard barcodes(56%).Our phylogenetic analyses placed Debregeasia wallichiana outside the genus and suggested six monophyletic clades in Debregeasia,although the placement between Debregeasia hekouensis and Debregeasia libera varied.There was extensive trait overlap in key morphologically diagnostic characters,with reticulation analysis showing potentially pervasive hybridization,likely influenced by speciation patterns and overlaps between species ranges.We inferred that Debregeasia crown diversification began at ca.12.82 Ma(95%HPD:11.54-14.63 Ma)in the mid-Miocene within Australia,followed by vicariance and later longdistance dispersal,mainly out of southern China.Our findings highlight the utility of genomic data with integrative lines of evidence to refine species delimitation and explore evolutionary relationships in complex plant lineages.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal bleeding(GIB)is a critical complication often seen in patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS),especially those undergoing dual antiplatelet therapy.GIB is associated with increased morta...BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal bleeding(GIB)is a critical complication often seen in patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS),especially those undergoing dual antiplatelet therapy.GIB is associated with increased mortality and prolonged hospitalization,particularly in ACS patients.Despite advancements in management strategies,the role of gastrointestinal endoscopy(GIE)in this population remains controversial,with concerns about timing,safety,and clinical outcomes.AIM To evaluate the safety and efficacy of GIE in patients with ACS and acute GIB,focusing on outcomes such as mortality,hospital length of stay(LOS),hemorrhage control,rebleeding,and blood transfusion requirements.METHODS Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines,a systematic review was conducted using databases including PubMed,Cochrane,and EMBASE,up to December 2024.The protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews(CRD42025630188).Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool for randomized controlled trials(RCTs)and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for cohort studies.RESULTS Four studies met the inclusion criteria,comprising one RCT and three cohort studies with a total population of 1676130 patients.Most studies indicated that GIE was associated with improved survival in ACS patients with GIB.Three of our studies reported lower mortality rates in patients undergoing GIE compared to those managed without endoscopy,although this varied by study.While GIE demonstrated effectiveness in controlling hemorrhage and reducing rebleeding rates in one study.The rest of the studies did not evaluate these outcomes comprehensively.Hospital LOS outcomes were inconsistent,with two studies suggesting no significant difference,while only one study indicated potential reductions in LOS with GIE.Blood transfusion requirements were reported in one study to be higher in patients undergoing GIE,reflecting its frequent use in severe cases.The safety and effectiveness of GIE varied depending on patient characteristics,timing of the procedure,and type of intervention.CONCLUSION GIE has the potential to improve survival in certain patients with ACS complicated by GIB;however,determining the ideal timing and appropriate candidates necessitates careful individual assessment.While evidence suggests benefits,the limitations of observational studies warrant caution.Collaboration between cardiology and gastroenterology is essential to optimizing outcomes.Future randomized trials should focus on timing,severity,and diverse populations to refine guidelines and improve care for this high-risk group.展开更多
Controlled intracellular delivery of biomolecular cargo is critical for developing targeted therapeutics and cell reprogramming.Conventional delivery approaches(e.g.,endocytosis of nano-vectors,microinjection,and elec...Controlled intracellular delivery of biomolecular cargo is critical for developing targeted therapeutics and cell reprogramming.Conventional delivery approaches(e.g.,endocytosis of nano-vectors,microinjection,and electroporation)usually require time-consuming uptake processes,labor-intensive operations,and/or costly specialized equipment.Here,we present an acoustofluidics-based intracellular delivery approach capable of effectively delivering various functional nanomaterials to multiple cell types(e.g.,adherent and suspension cancer cells).By tuning the standing acoustic waves in a glass capillary,our approach can push cells in flow to the capillary wall and enhance membrane permeability by increasing membrane stress to deform cells via acoustic radiation forces.Moreover,by coating the capillary with cargo-encapsulated nanoparticles,our approach can achieve controllable cell-nanoparticle contact and facilitate nanomaterial delivery beyond Brownian movement.Based on these mechanisms,we have successfully delivered nanoparticles loaded with small molecules or protein-based cargo to U937 and HeLa cells.Our results demonstrate enhanced delivery efficiency compared to attempts made without the use of acoustofluidics.Moreover,compared to conventional sonoporation methods,our approach does not require special contrast agents with microbubbles.This acoustofluidics-based approach creates exciting opportunities to achieve controllable intracellular delivery of various biomolecular cargoes to diverse cell types for potential therapeutic applications and biophysical studies.展开更多
Background and Objective:Neurotrophic keratitis(NK)is a neurodegenerative corneal disease characterized by decreased corneal sensitivity caused by damage to the trigeminal nerve,leading to reduced corneal sensitivity ...Background and Objective:Neurotrophic keratitis(NK)is a neurodegenerative corneal disease characterized by decreased corneal sensitivity caused by damage to the trigeminal nerve,leading to reduced corneal sensitivity and increased risk of trauma,infection,and ulceration.Although prior reviews on NK exist,most focus on traditional diagnostic and treatment modalities,with limited coverage of recent advances that target the underlying neuropathology.There remains a need for an updated synthesis of current literature that not only highlights emerging diagnostic technologies but also integrates key findings from recent clinical trials,retrospective studies,and prospective investigations.This review addresses that need by providing a comprehensive,data-driven framework to support informed clinical decision-making in the management of NK.Methods:A literature review was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar,focusing on peer-reviewed articles,clinical guidelines,and meta-analyses from ophthalmic and neurological sources.Relevant literatures written in English were used.The timeframe included all papers up until August of 2024.Key Content and Findings:Corneal sensitivity testing remains the cornerstone of NK diagnosis,using both qualitative and quantitative methods.Recent innovations,such as the Brill Engines noncontact esthesiometer,offer a portable,noninvasive option for early detection.Although no single standard therapy exists,treatment spans from conservative approaches[artificial tears,bandage contact lenses(BCLs)]to biologics such as cenegermin[nerve growth factor(NGF)drops].Surgical strategies,including amniotic membrane transplantation,tarsorrhaphy,and conjunctival flaps,provide alternatives for refractory cases.Corneal neurotization is a novel technique showing promise in restoring innervation and reducing reliance on chronic therapy.Due to NK’s heterogeneous nature,treatment is individualized and often involves trial and error.Conclusions:NK is a relatively rare yet debilitating corneal disease.Clinicians should have a low threshold of suspicion for pursuing diagnostic tests in patients presenting classic and atypical symptoms.While recent advances in medical and surgical management have improved outlooks,continued research is essential to further optimize outcomes and prevent vision loss.展开更多
Software project outcomes heavily depend on natural language requirements,often causing diverse interpretations and issues like ambiguities and incomplete or faulty requirements.Researchers are exploring machine learn...Software project outcomes heavily depend on natural language requirements,often causing diverse interpretations and issues like ambiguities and incomplete or faulty requirements.Researchers are exploring machine learning to predict software bugs,but a more precise and general approach is needed.Accurate bug prediction is crucial for software evolution and user training,prompting an investigation into deep and ensemble learning methods.However,these studies are not generalized and efficient when extended to other datasets.Therefore,this paper proposed a hybrid approach combining multiple techniques to explore their effectiveness on bug identification problems.The methods involved feature selection,which is used to reduce the dimensionality and redundancy of features and select only the relevant ones;transfer learning is used to train and test the model on different datasets to analyze how much of the learning is passed to other datasets,and ensemble method is utilized to explore the increase in performance upon combining multiple classifiers in a model.Four National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA)and four Promise datasets are used in the study,showing an increase in the model’s performance by providing better Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve(AUC-ROC)values when different classifiers were combined.It reveals that using an amalgam of techniques such as those used in this study,feature selection,transfer learning,and ensemble methods prove helpful in optimizing the software bug prediction models and providing high-performing,useful end mode.展开更多
A significant number of anticancer drugs fail to treat primary and metastatic brain tumors primarily because of the complex blood-brain barrier(BBB)and overexpression of ATP-binding cassette(ABC)transporters,which dec...A significant number of anticancer drugs fail to treat primary and metastatic brain tumors primarily because of the complex blood-brain barrier(BBB)and overexpression of ATP-binding cassette(ABC)transporters,which decrease drug penetration into the central nervous system and ultimately into tumors.It is noteworthy that the ABC transporters,ABCB1[known as P-glycoprotein(P-gp)]and ABCG2[known as breast cancer resistance protein(BCRP)],are overexpressed in brain tumors,including common gliomas.The co-presence of these transporters may negate the inhibition of either transporter,particularly if both transport the same anticancer drug.The cellular export of drugs by ABC transporters has been implicated in mediating resistance to anticancer drugs.However,the clinical relevance as a therapeutic target in human tumors remains a matter of contention.Although effective and clinically approved ABC transporter inhibitors could potentially overcome drug resistance,none are currently approved.Furthermore,the ABC transporter inhibitors in clinical trials produced low or no clinical efficacy,significant toxicities,and unsuitable pharmacokinetic profiles.Therefore,innovative approaches are needed to efficaciously and simultaneously inhibit these transporters to surmount anticancer drug resistance.This review emphasizes the clinical significance of ABC transporters in diminishing the efficacy of brain tumor treatments.The molecular alterations in BBB following brain tumor development,which are linked to various cancer therapies,are discussed.The overexpression of ABCB1 and ABCG2 at the BBB is discussed,potential strategies to decrease the export of chemotherapeutics by these transporters and the associated challenges and failures are discussed,and the implementation of novel approaches is considered.展开更多
California is one of the major alfalfa (Medicago sativa L) forage-producing states in the U.S, but its production area has decreased significantly in the last couple of decades. Selection of cultivars with high yield ...California is one of the major alfalfa (Medicago sativa L) forage-producing states in the U.S, but its production area has decreased significantly in the last couple of decades. Selection of cultivars with high yield and nutritive value under late-cutting schedule strategy may help identify cultivars that growers can use to maximize yield while maintaining area for sustainable alfalfa production, but there is little information on this strategy. A field study was conducted to determine cumulative dry matter (DM) and nutritive values of 20 semi- and non-fall dormant (FD) ratings (FD 7 and FD 8 - 10, respectively) cultivars under 35-day cut in California’s Central Valley in 2020-2022. Seasonal cumulative DM yields ranged from 6.8 in 2020 to 37.0 Mg·ha−1 in 2021. Four FD 8 - 9 cultivars were the highest yielding with 3-yrs avg. DM greater than the lowest yielding lines by 46%. FD 7 cultivar “715RR” produced the highest crude protein (CP: 240 g·Kg−1) while FD 8 cultivar “HVX840RR” resulted in the highest neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD: 484 g·Kg−1, 7% greater than the top yielding cultivars) but with DM yield intermediate. Yields and NDFD correlated positively but weakly indicating some semi- and non-FD cultivars performing similarly. These results suggest that selecting high yielding cultivars under 35-day cutting schedule strategy can be used as a tool to help growers to maximize yield while achieving good quality forages for sustainable alfalfa production in California’s Central Valley.展开更多
Pretreated wheat insoluble arabinoxylan was converted to oligosaccharides of structural variants using combinatorial enzyme approach. The digestive products were separated by preparative scale chromatographic Amberlit...Pretreated wheat insoluble arabinoxylan was converted to oligosaccharides of structural variants using combinatorial enzyme approach. The digestive products were separated by preparative scale chromatographic Amberlite XAD-2 column. Fractions containing feruloyl oligosaccharides (FOS) were isolated, pooled, freeze-dried, and demonstrated to possess antimicrobial activity. The FOS suppressed cell growth of the test organism ATCC 8739 E. coli with a MIC value of 0.028% (w/v, 35˚C, 24 hr). The antimicrobial action was observed exceeding 72 hr of culture incubation. The FOS product could be a useful source of prebiotics or preservatives. The present results further confirm the science and application of the concept of combinatorial enzyme technique.展开更多
Spatial variation is often encountered when large scale field trials are conducted which can result in biased estimation or prediction of treatment (i.e. genotype) values. An effective removal of spatial variation is ...Spatial variation is often encountered when large scale field trials are conducted which can result in biased estimation or prediction of treatment (i.e. genotype) values. An effective removal of spatial variation is needed to ensure unbiased estimation or prediction and thus increase the accuracy of field data evaluation. A moving grid adjustment (MGA) method, which was proposed by Technow, was evaluated through Monte Carlo simulation for its statistical properties regarding field spatial variation control. Our simulation results showed that the MGA method can effectively account for field spatial variation if it does exist;however, this method will not change phenotype results if field spatial variation does not exist. The MGA method was applied to a large-scale cotton field trial data set with two representative agronomic traits: lint yield (strong field spatial pattern) and lint percentage (no field spatial pattern). The results suggested that the MGA method was able to effectively separate the spatial variation including blocking effects from random error variation for lint yield while the adjusted data remained almost identical to the original phenotypic data. With application of the MGA method, the estimated variance for residuals was significantly reduced (62.2% decrease) for lint yield while more genetic variation (29.7% increase) was detected compared to the original data analysis subject to the conventional randomized complete block design analysis. On the other hand, the results were almost identical for lint percentage with and without the application of the MGA method. Therefore, the MGA method can be a useful addition to enhance data analysis when field spatial pattern exists.展开更多
Human beings are often affected by a wide range of skin diseases,which can be attributed to genetic factors and environmental influences,such as exposure to sunshine with ultraviolet(UV)rays.If left untreated,these di...Human beings are often affected by a wide range of skin diseases,which can be attributed to genetic factors and environmental influences,such as exposure to sunshine with ultraviolet(UV)rays.If left untreated,these diseases can have severe consequences and spread,especially among children.Early detection is crucial to prevent their spread and improve a patient’s chances of recovery.Dermatology,the branch of medicine dealing with skin diseases,faces challenges in accurately diagnosing these conditions due to the difficulty in identifying and distinguishing between different diseases based on their appearance,type of skin,and others.This study presents a method for detecting skin diseases using Deep Learning(DL),focusing on the most common diseases affecting children in Saudi Arabia due to the high UV value in most of the year,especially in the summer.The method utilizes various Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)architectures to classify skin conditions such as eczema,psoriasis,and ringworm.The proposed method demonstrates high accuracy rates of 99.99%and 97%using famous and effective transfer learning models MobileNet and DenseNet121,respectively.This illustrates the potential of DL in automating the detection of skin diseases and offers a promising approach for early diagnosis and treatment.展开更多
文摘Heart transplantation is a life-saving procedure for many people throughout the world.Data shows that in 2024,there was an increase in the volume of adult heart transplantation in the United States even as there was a decrease in the volume of pediatric heart transplantation to the lowest volume in a decade.Organ availability remains a major limiting factor affecting transplant volume.This mandates that innovation must take place to increase the supply of donor organs.While some strategies such as donation after cardiac death,hepatitis C virus+transplantation,and ABO-incompatible transplantation have increased the pool for donation,it still falls short of meeting the demand.Other proposed strategies include splitting the donor heart to provide multiple partial heart transplants,domino partial heart transplantation,changes in legislation including opt-out legislation,and xenotransplantation.Further evolution and refinement of these strategies will make a meaningful impact on patients awaiting life-saving heart transplants.
基金funded through an appointment with the Agricultural Research Service,managed by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education。
文摘Remote sensing technologies play a vital role in our understanding of earthquakes and their impact on the Earth's surface.These technologies,including satellite imagery,aerial surveys,and advanced sensors,contribute significantly to our understanding of the complex nature of earthquakes.This review highlights the advancements in the integration of remote sensing technologies into earthquake studies.The combined use of satellite imagery and aerial photography in conjunction with geographic information systems(GIS)has been instrumental in showcasing the significance of fusing various types of satеllitеdata sourcеs for comprеhеnsivееarthquakеdamagеassеssmеnts.However,remote sensing encounters challenges due to limited pre-event imagery and restricted postearthquake site access.Furthеrmorе,thеapplication of dееp-lеarning mеthods in assеssingеarthquakе-damagеd buildings dеmonstratеs potеntial for furthеr progrеss in this fiеld.Overall,the utilization of remote sensing technologies has greatly enhanced our comprehension of earthquakes and their effects on the Earth's surface.The fusion of remote sensing technology with advanced data analysis methods holds tremendous potential for driving progress in earthquake studies and damage assessment.
文摘Gastrointestinal(GI)bleeding is a critical and potentially life-threatening condition frequently observed in the intensive care unit(ICU).This literature review consolidates current insights on the epidemiology,etiology,management,and outcomes of GI bleeding in critically ill patients.GI bleeding remains a significant concern,especially among patients with underlying risk factors such as coagulopathy,mechanical ventilation,and renal failure.Managing GI bleeding in the ICU requires a multidisciplinary approach,including resuscitation,endoscopic intervention,pharmacologic therapy,and sometimes surgical procedures.Even with enhanced management strategies,GI bleeding in the ICU is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality,particularly when complicated by multi-organ failure.This review reiterates the need for adequate resuscitation and interventions in managing GI bleeding in critically ill patients,aiming to enhance survival rates and improve the quality of care within the ICU setting.
基金funded by grants EVA4.0 No.Z.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000803 and ITMS2014+313011W580s provided by EU OP RDEin CZ and SKprojects APVV-18-0086,APVV-19-0387,APVV-20-0168,APVV-20-0215 and APVV-22-0056 from the Slovak Research and Development Agencysupport from the European Research Executive Agency for ReForest,Grant Agreement Nr:101060635
文摘While numerous allometric models exist for estimating biomass in trees with single stems,models for multi-stemmed species are scarce.This study presents models for predicting aboveground biomass(AGB)in European hazel(Corylus avellana L.),growing in multi-stemmed shrub form.We measured the size and harvested the biomass of 30 European hazel shrubs,drying and weighing their woody parts and leaves separately.AGB(dry mass)and leaf area models were established using a range of predictors,such as the upper height of the shrub,number of shoots per shrub,canopy projection area,stem base diameter of the thickest stem,and the sum of cross-sectional areas of all stems at the stem base.The latter was the best predictor of AGB,but the most practically useful variables,defined as relatively easy to measure by terrestrial or aerial approaches,were the upper height of the shrub and the canopy projection area.The leaf biomass to AGB ratio decreased with the shrub's height.Specific leaf area of shaded leaves increases with shrub height,but that of leaves at the top of the canopy does not change significantly.Given that the upper shrub height and crown projection of European hazel can be estimated using remote sensing approaches,especially UAV and LIDAR,these two variables appear the most promising for effective measurement of AGB in hazel.
文摘Ten physical and environmental variables collected from an on-the-go soil sensor at two field sites (MF3E and MF11S) in Mississippi, USA, were analyzed to assess soil variability and the interrelationships among the measurements. At MF3E, moderate variability was observed in apparent electrical conductivity shallow (ECas), slope, and ECa ratio measurements, with coefficients of variation ranging from 20% to 27%. In contrast, MF11S exhibited higher variability, particularly in ECas and ECad (deep) measurements, which exceeded 30% in their coefficient of variation values, indicating significant differences in soil composition and moisture content. Correlation analysis revealed strong positive relationships between the near-infrared-to-red ratio and red reflectance (r = 0.897***) soil values at MF3E. MF11S demonstrated a strong negative correlation between ECas and ECad readings with the x-coordinate (r ***). Scatter plots and fitted models illustrated the complexity of relationships, with many showing nonlinear trends. These findings emphasize the need for continuous monitoring and advanced modeling to understand the dynamic nature of soil properties and their implications for agricultural practices. Future research should explore the underlying mechanisms driving variability in the soil characteristics to enhance soil management strategies at the study sites.
文摘Basal cell carcinoma(BCC)is the most prevalent form of skin cancer in the world,primarily affecting sun-exposed areas,including the periocular region.When BCC occurs near the eyes,surgical treatment becomes uniquely complex.Excess excisions may cause detrimental effects to eyelid function and undesirable aesthetic outcomes.Conversely,adequate resection must occur to prevent further disease progression.Mohs micrographic surgery(MMS),a technique offering high remission rates,is often employed for periocular BCC.This method allows for precise cancer removal while preserving as much healthy tissue as possible,balancing the need for both effective treatment and aesthetic and functional preservation.Following Mohs surgery of periocular BCC,reconstruction methods vary and can be tailored based on the size of the resection and the functional requirements of the affected tissue.Amongst these methods,primary closure with and without secondary intentions,direct margin repair,local flap closure and advance flap,Tenzel flap,tarso-conjunctival flap,periocular skin grafting,and structural grafting are commonly utilized and each has its advantages and limitations.In the future,advancements in synthetic flaps and stabilizing glues in the periocular region may provide additional tools for post-Mohs reconstruction.However,these emerging techniques require further research to establish efficacy and safety,especially in more complex and sensitive regions like the periocular tissues.The primary purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive analysis of periocular reconstructive techniques following Mohs surgery,comparing their efficacy,functional outcomes,and aesthetic considerations while addressing recent advancements such as synthetic flaps and stabilizing glues to guide clinical decision-making.
基金the Deanship of Scientific Research at Northern Border University,Arar,KSA for funding this research work through the project number"NBUFFMRA-2025-2461-09"。
文摘Blast-induced ground vibration,quantified by peak particle velocity(PPV),is a crucial factor in mitigating environmental and structural risks in mining and geotechnical engineering.Accurate PPV prediction facilitates safer and more sustainable blasting operations by minimizing adverse impacts and ensuring regulatory compliance.This study presents an advanced predictive framework integrating Cat Boost(CB)with nature-inspired optimization algorithms,including the Bat Algorithm(BAT),Sparrow Search Algorithm(SSA),Butterfly Optimization Algorithm(BOA),and Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm(GOA).A comprehensive dataset from the Sarcheshmeh Copper Mine in Iran was utilized to develop and evaluate these models using key performance metrics such as the Index of Agreement(IoA),Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency(NSE),and the coefficient of determination(R^(2)).The hybrid CB-BOA model outperformed other approaches,achieving the highest accuracy(R^(2)=0.989)and the lowest prediction errors.SHAP analysis identified Distance(Di)as the most influential variable affecting PPV,while uncertainty analysis confirmed CB-BOA as the most reliable model,featuring the narrowest prediction interval.These findings highlight the effectiveness of hybrid machine learning models in refining PPV predictions,contributing to improved blast design strategies,enhanced structural safety,and reduced environmental impacts in mining and geotechnical engineering.
基金Five Oaks Ag Research&Education Center(DS18849)the University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture(PR02276)funding was provided by the U.S.Department of Agriculture,the National Institute of Food and Agriculture,and the McIntire-Stennis Capacity Grant(2729 YR21-25 and ARK02594).
文摘Individual tree health plays a vital role in maintaining a forest's ecological functions,including resources for waterfowl and other wildlife.Seasonal flooding due to altered hydrology is a major stressor on individual tree health in Greentree reservoirs(GTR),impounded bottomland hardwood forests especially less water tolerant species like red oaks(Quercus spp.).We evaluated the health of individual red oak species(n=6,432)in 662 plots across elevation gradients in 12 GTRs within the lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley using two tree health assessment approaches.The first approach assigns tree conditions(i.e.,stressed,moderate,low)based on overall qualitative tree attributes,while the second approach ranks stress,assigning numerical value based on the severity of four distinct qualitative tree attributes(i.e.,tip dieback,epicormics branch,bark condition,basal swell).The result indicated that the highest mean stress rank and the highest proportion of stressed tree conditions were red oak species,nuttall oak(Q.texana;18.59,0.44),willow oak(Q.phellos;18.66,0.38)and cherrybark oak(Q.pagoda;18.90,0.37).Red oak stress is positively correlated to elevation across the landscape(τ=0.10,p<0.001),but is negatively correlated to relative elevation,topographical changes,within each GTR(τ=-0.11,p<0.001).Additionally,the two health assessments are significantly associated(χ^(2)=313.78,df=2,p<0.001)and had a 13.1%misclassification rate.By utilizing the stress rank method for better classification of tree conditions to understand the adverse effect of prolonged flooding on the health of desirable red oak and other native tree species,management practices can be adjusted to improve tree health in GTRs,benefiting both wildlife and economic value.
基金funded by internal grants from the Ward Family Heart Center.
文摘A bicuspid aortic valve,from autologous tissue,with growth potential can be constructed using the simple,and reproducible telescoping arterial trunk technique.
基金supported by United States Department of Agriculture,Agricultural Research Service(No.58-8042-9-072)United States Department of Agriculture-National Institute of Food and Agriculture(No.2019-34263-30552)+1 种基金Management Information System(No.043050)United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service-Non-Assistance Cooperative Agreement(No.58-6066-2-030).
文摘Background GOSSYM is a mechanistic,process-based cotton model that can simulate cotton crop growth and development,yield,and fiber quality.Its fiber quality module was developed based on controlled experiments explicitly conducted on the Texas Marker^(-1)(TM1)variety,potentially making its functional equations more aligned with this cultivar.To assess the model’s broader applicability,this study analyzed fiber quality data from 40 upland cotton cultivars,including TM1.The measured fiber quality from all cultivars was then compared with the modelsimulated fiber quality.Results Among the 40 upland cultivars,fiber strength varied from 28.4 cN·tex^(-1) to 34.6 cN·tex^(-1),fiber length ranged from 27.1 mm to 33.3 mm,micronaire value ranged from 2.7 to 4.6,and length uniformity index varied from 82.3%to 85.5%.The model simulated fiber quality closely matched the measured values for TM1,with the absolute percentage error(APE)being less than 0.92%for fiber strength,fiber length,and length uniformity index and 4.7%for micronaire.However,significant differences were observed for the other cultivars.The Pearson correlation coefficient(r)between the measured and simulated values was negative for all fiber quality traits,and Wilmotts’s index of agreement(WIA)was below 0.45,indicating a strong model bias toward TM1 without incorporating cultivar-specific parameters.After incorporating cultivar-specific parameters,the model’s performance improved significantly,with an average r-value of 0.84 and WIA of 0.88.Conclusions The adopted methodology and estimated cultivar-specific parameters improved the model’s simulation accuracy.This approach can be applied to newer cotton cultivars,enhancing the GOSSYM model’s utility and its applicability for agricultural management and policy decisions.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42171071,42211540718)Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,CAS(ZDBS-LY-7001)+3 种基金Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(202401AT070190,202201BC070001)Top-notch Young Talents Project of Yunnan Provincial“Ten Thousand Talents Program”(YNWR-QNBJ-2018-146,YNWR-QNBJ-2020-293)CAS“Light of West China”Programsupported by the China Scholarship Council(202304910135 and 202304910138)for a one-year study at the University of Toronto.
文摘Integrative data from plastid and nuclear loci are increasingly utilized to resolve species boundaries and phylogenetic relationships within major angiosperm clades.Debregeasia(Urticaceae),an economically important genus,presents challenges in species delimitation due to its overlapping morphological traits and unstable taxonomic assignments.Here,we analyzed 14 morphological traits and generated 12 data matrices from the plastomes and nrDNA using genome skimming from the nine recognized morphospecies to clarify species boundaries and assess barcode performance in Debregeasia.We also used a universal set of 353 nuclear genes to explore reticulate evolution and biogeographic history of Debregeasia.Plastomes of Debregeasia exhibited the typical quadripartite structure with conserved gene content and marginal independent variations in the SC/IR boundary at inter-and intra-specific levels.Three Debregeasia species were non-monophyletic and could not be discerned by any barcode;however,ultra-barcodes identified the remaining six(67%),outperforming standard barcodes(56%).Our phylogenetic analyses placed Debregeasia wallichiana outside the genus and suggested six monophyletic clades in Debregeasia,although the placement between Debregeasia hekouensis and Debregeasia libera varied.There was extensive trait overlap in key morphologically diagnostic characters,with reticulation analysis showing potentially pervasive hybridization,likely influenced by speciation patterns and overlaps between species ranges.We inferred that Debregeasia crown diversification began at ca.12.82 Ma(95%HPD:11.54-14.63 Ma)in the mid-Miocene within Australia,followed by vicariance and later longdistance dispersal,mainly out of southern China.Our findings highlight the utility of genomic data with integrative lines of evidence to refine species delimitation and explore evolutionary relationships in complex plant lineages.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal bleeding(GIB)is a critical complication often seen in patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS),especially those undergoing dual antiplatelet therapy.GIB is associated with increased mortality and prolonged hospitalization,particularly in ACS patients.Despite advancements in management strategies,the role of gastrointestinal endoscopy(GIE)in this population remains controversial,with concerns about timing,safety,and clinical outcomes.AIM To evaluate the safety and efficacy of GIE in patients with ACS and acute GIB,focusing on outcomes such as mortality,hospital length of stay(LOS),hemorrhage control,rebleeding,and blood transfusion requirements.METHODS Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines,a systematic review was conducted using databases including PubMed,Cochrane,and EMBASE,up to December 2024.The protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews(CRD42025630188).Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool for randomized controlled trials(RCTs)and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for cohort studies.RESULTS Four studies met the inclusion criteria,comprising one RCT and three cohort studies with a total population of 1676130 patients.Most studies indicated that GIE was associated with improved survival in ACS patients with GIB.Three of our studies reported lower mortality rates in patients undergoing GIE compared to those managed without endoscopy,although this varied by study.While GIE demonstrated effectiveness in controlling hemorrhage and reducing rebleeding rates in one study.The rest of the studies did not evaluate these outcomes comprehensively.Hospital LOS outcomes were inconsistent,with two studies suggesting no significant difference,while only one study indicated potential reductions in LOS with GIE.Blood transfusion requirements were reported in one study to be higher in patients undergoing GIE,reflecting its frequent use in severe cases.The safety and effectiveness of GIE varied depending on patient characteristics,timing of the procedure,and type of intervention.CONCLUSION GIE has the potential to improve survival in certain patients with ACS complicated by GIB;however,determining the ideal timing and appropriate candidates necessitates careful individual assessment.While evidence suggests benefits,the limitations of observational studies warrant caution.Collaboration between cardiology and gastroenterology is essential to optimizing outcomes.Future randomized trials should focus on timing,severity,and diverse populations to refine guidelines and improve care for this high-risk group.
基金the support from the National Institutes of Health(R01GM141055)the National Science Foundation(CMMI2104295)+7 种基金the China Scholarship Councilthe NIH/NCATS UCLA CTSI(UL1TR001881)through the UC Center for Accelerated Innovationsupported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship(1644868)support from the UCLA Innovation Fund MedTech Innovator Awardthe Challenge Initiative at UCLAseed funding provided through a UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine Regenerative Medicine Theme Awardthe support provided by the NIH Common Fund through an NIH Director's Early Independence Award co-funded by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research and Office of the Director,NIH under award number(DP50D028181)the NIH for a predoctoral fellowship supported by the National Heart,Lung,and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number(F31HL149356)。
文摘Controlled intracellular delivery of biomolecular cargo is critical for developing targeted therapeutics and cell reprogramming.Conventional delivery approaches(e.g.,endocytosis of nano-vectors,microinjection,and electroporation)usually require time-consuming uptake processes,labor-intensive operations,and/or costly specialized equipment.Here,we present an acoustofluidics-based intracellular delivery approach capable of effectively delivering various functional nanomaterials to multiple cell types(e.g.,adherent and suspension cancer cells).By tuning the standing acoustic waves in a glass capillary,our approach can push cells in flow to the capillary wall and enhance membrane permeability by increasing membrane stress to deform cells via acoustic radiation forces.Moreover,by coating the capillary with cargo-encapsulated nanoparticles,our approach can achieve controllable cell-nanoparticle contact and facilitate nanomaterial delivery beyond Brownian movement.Based on these mechanisms,we have successfully delivered nanoparticles loaded with small molecules or protein-based cargo to U937 and HeLa cells.Our results demonstrate enhanced delivery efficiency compared to attempts made without the use of acoustofluidics.Moreover,compared to conventional sonoporation methods,our approach does not require special contrast agents with microbubbles.This acoustofluidics-based approach creates exciting opportunities to achieve controllable intracellular delivery of various biomolecular cargoes to diverse cell types for potential therapeutic applications and biophysical studies.
基金supported by the Walter G.Ross Foundation(to R.K.L.)partly supported by the Camiener Foundation Glaucoma Research Fund and the Gutierrez Family Research Fund.
文摘Background and Objective:Neurotrophic keratitis(NK)is a neurodegenerative corneal disease characterized by decreased corneal sensitivity caused by damage to the trigeminal nerve,leading to reduced corneal sensitivity and increased risk of trauma,infection,and ulceration.Although prior reviews on NK exist,most focus on traditional diagnostic and treatment modalities,with limited coverage of recent advances that target the underlying neuropathology.There remains a need for an updated synthesis of current literature that not only highlights emerging diagnostic technologies but also integrates key findings from recent clinical trials,retrospective studies,and prospective investigations.This review addresses that need by providing a comprehensive,data-driven framework to support informed clinical decision-making in the management of NK.Methods:A literature review was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar,focusing on peer-reviewed articles,clinical guidelines,and meta-analyses from ophthalmic and neurological sources.Relevant literatures written in English were used.The timeframe included all papers up until August of 2024.Key Content and Findings:Corneal sensitivity testing remains the cornerstone of NK diagnosis,using both qualitative and quantitative methods.Recent innovations,such as the Brill Engines noncontact esthesiometer,offer a portable,noninvasive option for early detection.Although no single standard therapy exists,treatment spans from conservative approaches[artificial tears,bandage contact lenses(BCLs)]to biologics such as cenegermin[nerve growth factor(NGF)drops].Surgical strategies,including amniotic membrane transplantation,tarsorrhaphy,and conjunctival flaps,provide alternatives for refractory cases.Corneal neurotization is a novel technique showing promise in restoring innervation and reducing reliance on chronic therapy.Due to NK’s heterogeneous nature,treatment is individualized and often involves trial and error.Conclusions:NK is a relatively rare yet debilitating corneal disease.Clinicians should have a low threshold of suspicion for pursuing diagnostic tests in patients presenting classic and atypical symptoms.While recent advances in medical and surgical management have improved outlooks,continued research is essential to further optimize outcomes and prevent vision loss.
基金This Research is funded by Researchers Supporting Project Number(RSPD2024R947),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Software project outcomes heavily depend on natural language requirements,often causing diverse interpretations and issues like ambiguities and incomplete or faulty requirements.Researchers are exploring machine learning to predict software bugs,but a more precise and general approach is needed.Accurate bug prediction is crucial for software evolution and user training,prompting an investigation into deep and ensemble learning methods.However,these studies are not generalized and efficient when extended to other datasets.Therefore,this paper proposed a hybrid approach combining multiple techniques to explore their effectiveness on bug identification problems.The methods involved feature selection,which is used to reduce the dimensionality and redundancy of features and select only the relevant ones;transfer learning is used to train and test the model on different datasets to analyze how much of the learning is passed to other datasets,and ensemble method is utilized to explore the increase in performance upon combining multiple classifiers in a model.Four National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA)and four Promise datasets are used in the study,showing an increase in the model’s performance by providing better Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve(AUC-ROC)values when different classifiers were combined.It reveals that using an amalgam of techniques such as those used in this study,feature selection,transfer learning,and ensemble methods prove helpful in optimizing the software bug prediction models and providing high-performing,useful end mode.
基金supported by Arkansas Bioscience Institute funds (ABI-GR020025) from University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
文摘A significant number of anticancer drugs fail to treat primary and metastatic brain tumors primarily because of the complex blood-brain barrier(BBB)and overexpression of ATP-binding cassette(ABC)transporters,which decrease drug penetration into the central nervous system and ultimately into tumors.It is noteworthy that the ABC transporters,ABCB1[known as P-glycoprotein(P-gp)]and ABCG2[known as breast cancer resistance protein(BCRP)],are overexpressed in brain tumors,including common gliomas.The co-presence of these transporters may negate the inhibition of either transporter,particularly if both transport the same anticancer drug.The cellular export of drugs by ABC transporters has been implicated in mediating resistance to anticancer drugs.However,the clinical relevance as a therapeutic target in human tumors remains a matter of contention.Although effective and clinically approved ABC transporter inhibitors could potentially overcome drug resistance,none are currently approved.Furthermore,the ABC transporter inhibitors in clinical trials produced low or no clinical efficacy,significant toxicities,and unsuitable pharmacokinetic profiles.Therefore,innovative approaches are needed to efficaciously and simultaneously inhibit these transporters to surmount anticancer drug resistance.This review emphasizes the clinical significance of ABC transporters in diminishing the efficacy of brain tumor treatments.The molecular alterations in BBB following brain tumor development,which are linked to various cancer therapies,are discussed.The overexpression of ABCB1 and ABCG2 at the BBB is discussed,potential strategies to decrease the export of chemotherapeutics by these transporters and the associated challenges and failures are discussed,and the implementation of novel approaches is considered.
文摘California is one of the major alfalfa (Medicago sativa L) forage-producing states in the U.S, but its production area has decreased significantly in the last couple of decades. Selection of cultivars with high yield and nutritive value under late-cutting schedule strategy may help identify cultivars that growers can use to maximize yield while maintaining area for sustainable alfalfa production, but there is little information on this strategy. A field study was conducted to determine cumulative dry matter (DM) and nutritive values of 20 semi- and non-fall dormant (FD) ratings (FD 7 and FD 8 - 10, respectively) cultivars under 35-day cut in California’s Central Valley in 2020-2022. Seasonal cumulative DM yields ranged from 6.8 in 2020 to 37.0 Mg·ha−1 in 2021. Four FD 8 - 9 cultivars were the highest yielding with 3-yrs avg. DM greater than the lowest yielding lines by 46%. FD 7 cultivar “715RR” produced the highest crude protein (CP: 240 g·Kg−1) while FD 8 cultivar “HVX840RR” resulted in the highest neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD: 484 g·Kg−1, 7% greater than the top yielding cultivars) but with DM yield intermediate. Yields and NDFD correlated positively but weakly indicating some semi- and non-FD cultivars performing similarly. These results suggest that selecting high yielding cultivars under 35-day cutting schedule strategy can be used as a tool to help growers to maximize yield while achieving good quality forages for sustainable alfalfa production in California’s Central Valley.
文摘Pretreated wheat insoluble arabinoxylan was converted to oligosaccharides of structural variants using combinatorial enzyme approach. The digestive products were separated by preparative scale chromatographic Amberlite XAD-2 column. Fractions containing feruloyl oligosaccharides (FOS) were isolated, pooled, freeze-dried, and demonstrated to possess antimicrobial activity. The FOS suppressed cell growth of the test organism ATCC 8739 E. coli with a MIC value of 0.028% (w/v, 35˚C, 24 hr). The antimicrobial action was observed exceeding 72 hr of culture incubation. The FOS product could be a useful source of prebiotics or preservatives. The present results further confirm the science and application of the concept of combinatorial enzyme technique.
文摘Spatial variation is often encountered when large scale field trials are conducted which can result in biased estimation or prediction of treatment (i.e. genotype) values. An effective removal of spatial variation is needed to ensure unbiased estimation or prediction and thus increase the accuracy of field data evaluation. A moving grid adjustment (MGA) method, which was proposed by Technow, was evaluated through Monte Carlo simulation for its statistical properties regarding field spatial variation control. Our simulation results showed that the MGA method can effectively account for field spatial variation if it does exist;however, this method will not change phenotype results if field spatial variation does not exist. The MGA method was applied to a large-scale cotton field trial data set with two representative agronomic traits: lint yield (strong field spatial pattern) and lint percentage (no field spatial pattern). The results suggested that the MGA method was able to effectively separate the spatial variation including blocking effects from random error variation for lint yield while the adjusted data remained almost identical to the original phenotypic data. With application of the MGA method, the estimated variance for residuals was significantly reduced (62.2% decrease) for lint yield while more genetic variation (29.7% increase) was detected compared to the original data analysis subject to the conventional randomized complete block design analysis. On the other hand, the results were almost identical for lint percentage with and without the application of the MGA method. Therefore, the MGA method can be a useful addition to enhance data analysis when field spatial pattern exists.
文摘Human beings are often affected by a wide range of skin diseases,which can be attributed to genetic factors and environmental influences,such as exposure to sunshine with ultraviolet(UV)rays.If left untreated,these diseases can have severe consequences and spread,especially among children.Early detection is crucial to prevent their spread and improve a patient’s chances of recovery.Dermatology,the branch of medicine dealing with skin diseases,faces challenges in accurately diagnosing these conditions due to the difficulty in identifying and distinguishing between different diseases based on their appearance,type of skin,and others.This study presents a method for detecting skin diseases using Deep Learning(DL),focusing on the most common diseases affecting children in Saudi Arabia due to the high UV value in most of the year,especially in the summer.The method utilizes various Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)architectures to classify skin conditions such as eczema,psoriasis,and ringworm.The proposed method demonstrates high accuracy rates of 99.99%and 97%using famous and effective transfer learning models MobileNet and DenseNet121,respectively.This illustrates the potential of DL in automating the detection of skin diseases and offers a promising approach for early diagnosis and treatment.
