Improving knowledge on the ability of bioengineering structures made of willow cuttings to enhance efficient and sustainable sediment trapping in marly gullies in the Southern French Alps under a mountainous Mediterra...Improving knowledge on the ability of bioengineering structures made of willow cuttings to enhance efficient and sustainable sediment trapping in marly gullies in the Southern French Alps under a mountainous Mediterranean climate, to decreasesediment trapped per experiment, the mean annual values reached 0.25, 0.14 and 0.08 m3 yr-1 in experiments C, A and B, respectively. Maximum values for one structure reached 1.94 m3 per year in experiment C. The significance of the volumes ofsediment yield at their outlets, is a key issue today for the international scientific community working in geosciences and ecology. This study therefore aims to assess three real-size experiments(A, B and C) carried out between 2003 and 2013 in this environment. A total of 157 bioengineering structures using purple and white willow(Salix purpurea and Salix incana)cuttings – which have been shown to resprout and survive more than 2 years after their installation,corresponding to brush layers with brush mats on wooden sills(BLM), 1.2 m wide and 2 m long,installed on the floors of 33 experimental marly gullies, were monitored. The results showed that sediment trapping occurred upstream of the vegetation barriers from the 1 st year onwards.Considering the depth of sediment trapped per experiment, the mean annual values reached 11.2 cm yr-1 after 3 years in experiment A, 7.7 cm yr-1 after 2–4 years in experiment C and 5.1 cm yr-1 after 5 years in experiment B. Occasionally, BLMs showed that they could trap up to 16 and 15 cm yr-1 in experiments A and C, respectively. Considering the volumes oftrapped sediment and the sustainability of sediment trapping are discussed, and rules for bioengineering strategies are proposed.展开更多
Understanding fault activity over time provides valuable insights for reconstructing the tectonic history of an orogen,assessing seismological risks and understanding mineralization processes.In the Western Alps,one o...Understanding fault activity over time provides valuable insights for reconstructing the tectonic history of an orogen,assessing seismological risks and understanding mineralization processes.In the Western Alps,one of the main controversies in existing tectonic models is the understanding of syn-orogenic extension.Seismological evidence shows widespread extensional deformation related to the reactivation of major lithospheric structures,such as the Penninic Frontal Thrust(PFT).However,the onset age and origin of extension are still debated due to the lack of suitable geochronological data.Fault hematite and calcite geochronology as well as clumped isotope data can be used to relate fluid regimes to fault activity.The analysis of calcite brecciae from extensional faults above the PFT shows that two distinct fluid regimes were present.The first regime,occurring before 2 Ma is associated with upwelling of deep fluids and is recorded by fault calcite at a temperature>110°C.The second fluid regime is characterized by a meteoric signature and temperatures around 36°C,representing crystallization since 2 Ma.This study presents a new model for the Miocene tectonic history of the Western Alps that combines(U-Th)/He and U-Pb geochronology on fault hematite(13.3±0.8 to<0.8 Ma)and calcite(5.3±0.6 Ma).Results demonstrate a progression of extensional fault activity from east to west,from the Middle Miocene(ca.13 Ma)to the Quaternary.The onset of extension in the inner part of the belt coincides with the development of the fold and thrust belt in the western Alpine foreland.Our new model proposes that extension occurs in the hanging wall of a large top-to-the-west thrust,known as the Alpine Frontal Thrust.This thrust,located to the west of the External Crystalline Massifs gives rise to their uplifting and extension at the rear.展开更多
The mature central nervous system(CNS,composed of the brain,spinal cord,olfactory and optic nerves)is unable to regenerate spontaneously after an insult,both in the cases of neurodegenerative diseases(for example Alzh...The mature central nervous system(CNS,composed of the brain,spinal cord,olfactory and optic nerves)is unable to regenerate spontaneously after an insult,both in the cases of neurodegenerative diseases(for example Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease)or traumatic injuries(such as spinal cord lesions).In the last 20 years,the field has made significant progress in unlocking axon regrowth.展开更多
Gold nanoclusters(AuNCs)are ultrasmall(<2 nm)aggregates of gold atoms that exhibit discrete electronic states,size-dependent photoluminescence,and exceptional biocompatibility,making them ideal candidates for thera...Gold nanoclusters(AuNCs)are ultrasmall(<2 nm)aggregates of gold atoms that exhibit discrete electronic states,size-dependent photoluminescence,and exceptional biocompatibility,making them ideal candidates for theranostic applications.Their tunable surface chemistry enables targeted delivery,while strong near-infrared emission and environmental responsiveness allow for sensitive detection and deep-tissue imaging.Recent advances have revealed that controlled assembly of AuNCs into higher-order architectures-guided by biological scaffolds such as nucleic acids,peptides,and proteins-can markedly enhance their optical and electronic properties through aggregation-induced emission(AiE)and stabilization of surface ligands.This review summarizes recent progress in the design and biomedical applications of AuNC assemblies generated using biomolecules as structure-directing scaffolds.Covalent and noncovalent interactions with biomolecules enable the formation of well-defined one-,two-,and three-dimensional structures with tunable morphologies and sizes.These assemblies display distinctive photophysical behaviors that have been exploited for biosensing,bioimaging,and therapeutic applications in both cellular and in vivo models.Compared with individual AuNCs,assembled systems offer improved uptake,prolonged circulation,and efficient clearance,while protecting labile cargos such as nucleic acids and proteins.Moreover,their ordered and defined architectures can be engineered for controlled drug release and synergistic photo-or radiotherapeutic effects.Despite these advances,fundamental understanding of how structural organization governs photophysical responses remains limited.Elucidating parameters such as intercluster spacing and loading density will be essential for optimizing performance.Overall,biologically guided AuNC assemblies represent a powerful platform for multifunctional biosensing and therapy,bridging nanoscale design with biological function.展开更多
This work explores the potential of La_(1-x)Pr_(x)NiO_(4+δ)thin films fabricated by Pulsed Injection Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition as oxygen electrodes for low-temperature solid oxide cells.La_(1-x)Pr_(x)Ni...This work explores the potential of La_(1-x)Pr_(x)NiO_(4+δ)thin films fabricated by Pulsed Injection Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition as oxygen electrodes for low-temperature solid oxide cells.La_(1-x)Pr_(x)NiO_(4+δ)materials offer promising mixed ionic and electronic conductivity and high oxygen reduction reaction kinetics.In this study,we focus on the microstructural and electrochemical properties of LaPrNiO_(4+δ)thin films deposited at various temperatures(600-650℃),revealing that a two-temperature deposition process yields nano-architectured films with a dense bottom film and a porous nano-columnar top layer of the same material.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and electrical conductivity relaxation experiments demonstrate enhanced surface exchange coefficients compared to bulk LaPrNiO_(4+δ)and La_(2)NiO_(4+δ)and high performance,with polarization resistances as low as 0.10Ωcm^(2) at 600℃ and 1.00 at 500℃.To better understand the electrochemical behavior of these electrodes,we investigated the limiting mechanisms of oxygen reduction by analyzing the kinetic response to varying oxygen partial pressures and performing detailed impedance analyses.These nano-columnar LaPrNiO_(4+δ)oxygen electrodes were also deposited on commercial half-cells,enabling the resulting full cells to operate successfully in both reversible solid oxide fuel cell and electrolysis cell modes,reaching a performance of 0.34 W cm^(-2) at 600℃ in reversible solid oxide fuel cell mode.This work underscores the promise of LaPrNiO_(4+δ)thin films for efficient low-temperature-solid oxide cells while addressing challenges in durability and stability.展开更多
Advancements in light engineering have led to the creation of pulsed laser sources capable of delivering high-repetition-rate,high-power few-cycle laser pulses across a wide spectral range,enabling exploration of many...Advancements in light engineering have led to the creation of pulsed laser sources capable of delivering high-repetition-rate,high-power few-cycle laser pulses across a wide spectral range,enabling exploration of many fascinating nonlinear processes occurring in all states of matter.High-harmonic generation,one such process,which converts the low-frequency photons of the driver laser field into soft x-rays,has revolutionized atomic,molecular,and optical physics,leading to progress in attosecond science and ultrafast optoelectronics.The Extreme Light Infrastructure,Attosecond Light Pulse Source(ELI ALPS)facility pioneers state-of-the-art tools for research in these areas.This paper outlines the design rationale,capabilities,and applications of plasma-and gas-based high-repetition-rate(1 kHz to 100 kHz)attosecond extreme ultraviolet(XUV)beamlines developed at ELI ALPS,highlighting their potential for advancing various research fields.展开更多
Tire-derived aggregate(TDA)is an engineered construction material produced from recycled scrap tires and is often used as a compressible layer overlying buried structures to reduce overburden loads.The potential ampli...Tire-derived aggregate(TDA)is an engineered construction material produced from recycled scrap tires and is often used as a compressible layer overlying buried structures to reduce overburden loads.The potential amplification of ground motion in a tunnel site is well understood,but the effect of the tunnel-TDA layer system on ground surface acceleration remains unclear.In this study,both linear and nonlinear dynamic analyses were performed to evaluate the contributions of a TDA layer to the acceleration amplification at the ground surface.The numerical model was calibrated using recorded data from a shaking table test and validated against the literature results,followed by extensive parametric studies.The mechanical and geometrical parameters investigated for the TDA layer included damping ratio,density,Young’s modulus,width,thickness,and depth.The predominant frequency and intensity level of input motions were also investigated.This study showed that the presence of the TDA layer provided an additional acceleration amplification effect.The amplification was more pronounced in areas above the tunnel,particularly for the wider and shallower TDA layer subjected to high frequency and low intensity input motions.展开更多
This study uses the International Center for Theoretical Physics(ICTP)Regional Climate Model version 5(RegCM5.0)to investigate the impact of the Fouta Djallon topography on the mean surface climate of West Africa with...This study uses the International Center for Theoretical Physics(ICTP)Regional Climate Model version 5(RegCM5.0)to investigate the impact of the Fouta Djallon topography on the mean surface climate of West Africa with a focus on the June–September(JJAS)season.Two experiments were conducted:a control simulation with current topography(REF)and a sensitivity simulation with flattened terrain(FLAT).Results show that reducing the elevation leads to decreased rainfall and increased temperatures,particularly over the Guinea Coast and the modified topographic region.Rainfall decreases by approximately 4.59%in the Guinea Coast sub-zone,while it slightly increases by about 2.76%in the Sahel.The most significant rainfall reduction,exceeding 20%,occurs over the flattened area.Temperature rises across both regions,with the strongest warming over the Fouta Jallon region.This pattern is likely due to the suppression of orographic uplift,which enhances the southwesterly monsoon flow from the Atlantic Ocean and causes a northward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone(ITCZ)into the Sahel.The findings highlight the key role of Fouta Jallon topography on the West African climate system.展开更多
We read with interest the recently published paper by Chebaro et al.(1).The authors compared liver venous deprivation(LVD)and associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy(ALPPS)which are...We read with interest the recently published paper by Chebaro et al.(1).The authors compared liver venous deprivation(LVD)and associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy(ALPPS)which are two novel techniques used to achieve increased hypertrophy of the future liver remnant(FLR)in view of extensive liver resections(2,3).展开更多
Advanced microsystems in traumatic brain injury research:Traumatic brain injury(TBI)results from a mechanical insult to the brain,leading to neuronal and axonal damage and subsequently causing a secondary injury.Withi...Advanced microsystems in traumatic brain injury research:Traumatic brain injury(TBI)results from a mechanical insult to the brain,leading to neuronal and axonal damage and subsequently causing a secondary injury.Within minutes of TBI,a neuroinflammatory response is triggered,driven by intricate molecular and cellular inflammatory processes.展开更多
Over the centuries,the regeneration field has been puzzled by the dual response of the central nervous system(CNS-brain,spinal cord,cranial nervesⅠandⅡ)and the peripheral nervous system(PNS that refers to all the ne...Over the centuries,the regeneration field has been puzzled by the dual response of the central nervous system(CNS-brain,spinal cord,cranial nervesⅠandⅡ)and the peripheral nervous system(PNS that refers to all the nerves that innervate muscles,skin,organs,bones among others).Even Ramon y Cajal had noticed that an injury to the PNS often leads to axon regrowth,in contrast to the CNS.展开更多
Background:Scientific evidence to guide clinicians on the use of different antiseizure drugs in combination therapy is either very limited or lacking.In this study,the impact of lacosamide and perampanel alone and in ...Background:Scientific evidence to guide clinicians on the use of different antiseizure drugs in combination therapy is either very limited or lacking.In this study,the impact of lacosamide and perampanel alone and in combination was tested in corneal kindling model in mice,which is a cost-effective mechanism for screening of antiseizure drugs.Methods:The impact of lacosamide(5 mg/kg)and perampanel(0.125 mg/kg)alone and their combination was tested in corneal kindling process(3-mA current for 3 s applied twice daily for consecutive 12 days)in male BALB/c mice.Post-kindling,mice were subjected to a battery of behavioral tests assessing anxiety,memory,and depression-like behaviors.Brain tissues were then harvested for analysis of oxidative stress biomarkers.Results:Our results showed that the combination therapy of lacosamide and perampanel was more effective in reducing seizure progression than monotherapy of these drugs.Animals treated with combination therapy showed significant behavioral improvements,as reduced anxiety and depression were noticed,and their cognitive abilities were notably better compared to animals of all other groups.Moreover,biochemical assays of isolated brains from combination-treated group revealed lesser amount of oxidative stress.In addition,outcomes of dual regime were comparable to the phenytoin in seizure control but showed superior benefits in mitigation of kindling-prompted behavioral dysfunction and oxidative stress.Conclusions:This study suggests that the lacosamide and perampanel combination therapy worked noticeably better in halting the corneal kindling process in mice and improved the epilepsy-associated psychiatric disorders that might be due to antioxidant effects of both drugs.展开更多
Neurons are notoriously vulnerable cell types.Even the slightest change in their internal and/or external environments will cause much distress and dysfunction,leading often to their death.A range of pathological cond...Neurons are notoriously vulnerable cell types.Even the slightest change in their internal and/or external environments will cause much distress and dysfunction,leading often to their death.A range of pathological conditions,including stroke,head trauma,and neurodegenerative disease,can generate stress in neurons,affecting their survival and proper function.In most neural pathologies,mitochondria become dysfunctional and this plays a pivotal role in the process of cell death.The challenge over the last few decades has been to develop effective interventions that improve neuronal homeostasis under pathological conditions.Such interventions,often referred to as disease-modifying or neuroprotective,have,however,proved frustratingly elusive,at both preclinical and,in particular,clinical levels.In this perspective,we highlight two factors that we feel are key to the development of effective neuroprotective treatments.These are:firstly,the choice of dose of intervention and method of application,and secondly,the selection of subjects,whether they be patients or the animal model.展开更多
Several physical mechanisms of earthquake nucleation,such as pre-slip,cascade triggering,aseismic slip,and fluid-driven models,have been proposed.However,it is still not clear which model plays the most important role...Several physical mechanisms of earthquake nucleation,such as pre-slip,cascade triggering,aseismic slip,and fluid-driven models,have been proposed.However,it is still not clear which model plays the most important role in driving foreshocks and mainshock nucleation for given cases.In this study,we focus on the relationship between an intensive earthquake swarm that started beneath the Noto Peninsula in Central Japan since November 2020 and the nucleation of the 2024 M 7.6 Noto Hanto earthquake.We relocate earthquakes listed in the standard Japan Meteorological Agency(JMA)catalog since 2018 with the double-different relocation method.Relocated seismicity revealed that the 2024 M 7.6 mainshock likely ruptured a thrust fault above a parallel fault where the M 6.5 Suzu earthquake occurred in May 2023.We find possible along-strike and along-dip expansion of seismicity in the first few months at the beginning of the swarm sequence,while no obvious migration pattern in the last few days before the M 7.6 mainshock was observed.Several smaller events occurred in between the M 5.5 and M 4.6 foreshocks that occurred about 4min and 2 min before the M 7.6 mainshock.The Coulomb stress changes from the M 5.5 foreshock were negative at the hypocenter of the M 7.6 mainshock,which is inconsistent with a simple cascade triggering model.Moreover,an M 5.9 foreshock was identified in the JMA catalog 14 s before the mainshock.Results from backprojection of high-frequency teleseismic P waves show a prolonged initial rupture process near the mainshock hypocenter lasting for~25 s,before propagating bilaterally outward.Our results suggest a complex evolution process linking the earthquake swarm to the nucleation of the M 7.6 mainshock at a region of complex structures associated with the bend of a mapped large-scale reverse fault.A combination of fluid migration,aseismic slip and elastic stress triggering likely work in concert to drive both the prolonged earthquake swarm and the nucleation of the M 7.6 mainshock.展开更多
Background:Besides seizures,a myriad of overlapping neuropsychiatric and cognitive comorbidities occur in patients with epilepsy,which further debilitates their quality of life.This study provides an in-depth characte...Background:Besides seizures,a myriad of overlapping neuropsychiatric and cognitive comorbidities occur in patients with epilepsy,which further debilitates their quality of life.This study provides an in-depth characterization of the impact of brivaracetam and rufinamide individually and in combination at 10 and 20 mg/kg doses,respec-tively,on corneal kindling-induced generalized seizures and behavioral alterations.Furthermore,observed convulsive frequency and behavioral changes were corre-lated to post-kindling-induced changes in the activity of markers of oxidative stress.Methods:Adult C57BL/6 mice were kindled via twice-daily transcorneal 50-Hz elec-trical stimulations(3 mA)for 3 s for 12 days until animals reached a fully kindled state.After the kindling procedure,animals were tested using a set of behavioral tests,and neurochemical alterations were assessed.Results:Corneal-kindled animals exhibited intense generalized convulsions,altered behavioral phenotypes typified by positive symptoms(hyperlocomotion),negative symptoms(anxiety and anhedonia),and deficits in semantic and working memory.BRV 10+RFM 20 dual regime increased convulsive threshold and propensity toward the start of stage 4–5 seizures and improved phenotypical deficits,that is,anxiety,depression,and memory impairments.Moreover,this combination therapy mitigated kindling-induced redox impairments as evidenced by reduced malondialdehyde and acetylcholinesterase levels and increased glutathione antioxidant activity in the brain of animals subjected to repetitive brain insult.Conclusion:Based on our outcomes,this dual therapy provides supporting evidence in alleviating epilepsy-induced neurobehavioral comorbidities and changes in redox homeostasis.展开更多
Pollution from road traffic contributes significantly to air pollution through pollutants from exhaust emissions(gases and particles)and non-exhaust emissions(tire wear particles,brake wear particles and the resuspens...Pollution from road traffic contributes significantly to air pollution through pollutants from exhaust emissions(gases and particles)and non-exhaust emissions(tire wear particles,brake wear particles and the resuspension of road dust).This research examined the hazard of tire particles(TP)and in particular evaluated the effect of TP size on lung macrophages.TP were obtained by cryogenic grinding of a tire and subsequent sieving to obtain four groups of particles(TP70,TP30,TP15,TP5)of different sizes with average diameters of 107μm,55μm,22μm,and 6μm,respectively.A complete physicochemical characterization was performed to determine the size distribution,chemical composition and morphology of these particles.We then investigated the proinflammatory response,oxidative stress and cytotoxicity induced in RAW264.7 cells exposed to four different TP concentrations for 24 h.TP had no direct effect on cytotoxicity,nor did they increase reactive oxygen species(ROS)production in the cells.However,TP induced a significant and size-dependent proinflammatory effect,which was particularly pronounced with small particles.Moreover,this effect was concentration-dependent.展开更多
The mechanical properties of solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs)can limit their mechanical stability and lifespan.Understanding the correlation between the microstructure and mechanical properties of porous electrode is ess...The mechanical properties of solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs)can limit their mechanical stability and lifespan.Understanding the correlation between the microstructure and mechanical properties of porous electrode is essential for enhancing the performance and durability of SOFCs.Accurate prediction of mechanical properties of porous electrode can be achieved by microscale finite element modeling based on three-dimensional(3D)microstructures,which requires expensive 3D tomography techniques and massive computational resources.In this study,we proposed a cost-effective alternative approach to access the mechanical properties of porous electrodes,with the elastic properties of La_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.2)Fe_(0.8)O_(3-δc)athode serving as a case study.Firstly,a stochastic modeling was used to reconstruct 3D microstructures from two-dimensional(2D)cross-sections as an alternative to expensive tomography.Then,the discrete element method(DEM)was used to predict the elastic properties of porous ceramics based on the discretized 3D microstructures reconstructed by stochastic modeling.Based on 2D microstructure and the elastic properties calculated by the DEM modeling of the 3D reconstructed porous microstructures,a convolutional neural network(CNN)based deep learning model was built to predict the elastic properties rapidly from 2D microstructures.The proposed combined framework can be implemented with limited computational resources and provide a basis for rapid prediction of mechanical properties and parameter estimation for multiscale modeling of SOFCs.展开更多
基金Electricitéde France(EDF)Agence de l’eau Rh?ne+3 种基金Méditerranée et CorseRégion Provence-Alpes-Cote-d’Azurthe European Union("L’Europe s’engage en PACA avec le Fonds Européen de Développement Régional"FEDER program)the Ministère de l’environnement,de l’énergie et de la mer(MEEM)
文摘Improving knowledge on the ability of bioengineering structures made of willow cuttings to enhance efficient and sustainable sediment trapping in marly gullies in the Southern French Alps under a mountainous Mediterranean climate, to decreasesediment trapped per experiment, the mean annual values reached 0.25, 0.14 and 0.08 m3 yr-1 in experiments C, A and B, respectively. Maximum values for one structure reached 1.94 m3 per year in experiment C. The significance of the volumes ofsediment yield at their outlets, is a key issue today for the international scientific community working in geosciences and ecology. This study therefore aims to assess three real-size experiments(A, B and C) carried out between 2003 and 2013 in this environment. A total of 157 bioengineering structures using purple and white willow(Salix purpurea and Salix incana)cuttings – which have been shown to resprout and survive more than 2 years after their installation,corresponding to brush layers with brush mats on wooden sills(BLM), 1.2 m wide and 2 m long,installed on the floors of 33 experimental marly gullies, were monitored. The results showed that sediment trapping occurred upstream of the vegetation barriers from the 1 st year onwards.Considering the depth of sediment trapped per experiment, the mean annual values reached 11.2 cm yr-1 after 3 years in experiment A, 7.7 cm yr-1 after 2–4 years in experiment C and 5.1 cm yr-1 after 5 years in experiment B. Occasionally, BLMs showed that they could trap up to 16 and 15 cm yr-1 in experiments A and C, respectively. Considering the volumes oftrapped sediment and the sustainability of sediment trapping are discussed, and rules for bioengineering strategies are proposed.
基金This work forms part of the first author’s Ph.D.project funded by the French BRGM in the frame of the RGF-Alps program(Référentiel Géologique de la France)The LA-ICP-MS hosted by the ENVITOP platform at CEREGE has received funding from the“Excellence Initiative”of the Aix Marseille University A*MIDEX–project DATCARB,a french“Investissement d’avenir”programSpecial thanks to Fayçal Soufi and Pierre-Luigi Canepa for their preparation of polished thin-section。
文摘Understanding fault activity over time provides valuable insights for reconstructing the tectonic history of an orogen,assessing seismological risks and understanding mineralization processes.In the Western Alps,one of the main controversies in existing tectonic models is the understanding of syn-orogenic extension.Seismological evidence shows widespread extensional deformation related to the reactivation of major lithospheric structures,such as the Penninic Frontal Thrust(PFT).However,the onset age and origin of extension are still debated due to the lack of suitable geochronological data.Fault hematite and calcite geochronology as well as clumped isotope data can be used to relate fluid regimes to fault activity.The analysis of calcite brecciae from extensional faults above the PFT shows that two distinct fluid regimes were present.The first regime,occurring before 2 Ma is associated with upwelling of deep fluids and is recorded by fault calcite at a temperature>110°C.The second fluid regime is characterized by a meteoric signature and temperatures around 36°C,representing crystallization since 2 Ma.This study presents a new model for the Miocene tectonic history of the Western Alps that combines(U-Th)/He and U-Pb geochronology on fault hematite(13.3±0.8 to<0.8 Ma)and calcite(5.3±0.6 Ma).Results demonstrate a progression of extensional fault activity from east to west,from the Middle Miocene(ca.13 Ma)to the Quaternary.The onset of extension in the inner part of the belt coincides with the development of the fold and thrust belt in the western Alpine foreland.Our new model proposes that extension occurs in the hanging wall of a large top-to-the-west thrust,known as the Alpine Frontal Thrust.This thrust,located to the west of the External Crystalline Massifs gives rise to their uplifting and extension at the rear.
基金supported by ANR(ANR-21CE16-0008-01)ANR(ANR-21-CE16-0008-02 and ANR-23CE52-0007)+1 种基金UNADEV(A22018CS)(to HN)UNADEV(A22020CS)(to SB)。
文摘The mature central nervous system(CNS,composed of the brain,spinal cord,olfactory and optic nerves)is unable to regenerate spontaneously after an insult,both in the cases of neurodegenerative diseases(for example Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease)or traumatic injuries(such as spinal cord lesions).In the last 20 years,the field has made significant progress in unlocking axon regrowth.
基金NR SEQUOIA(ANR-22-CE18-0006)Nan0Gold(ANR-22-CE29-0022)+3 种基金SAMURAI(ANR-24-CE19-2073-01)Wilive(ANR-24-CE09-2351-03)EUR CBH-EUR-GS(ANR-17-EURE 0003)for their financial supportthe French National Research Agency(Labex ARCANE,ANR-11-LABX-003 and CBH-EUR-GS,ANR-17-EURE-0003)that supported part of this study.
文摘Gold nanoclusters(AuNCs)are ultrasmall(<2 nm)aggregates of gold atoms that exhibit discrete electronic states,size-dependent photoluminescence,and exceptional biocompatibility,making them ideal candidates for theranostic applications.Their tunable surface chemistry enables targeted delivery,while strong near-infrared emission and environmental responsiveness allow for sensitive detection and deep-tissue imaging.Recent advances have revealed that controlled assembly of AuNCs into higher-order architectures-guided by biological scaffolds such as nucleic acids,peptides,and proteins-can markedly enhance their optical and electronic properties through aggregation-induced emission(AiE)and stabilization of surface ligands.This review summarizes recent progress in the design and biomedical applications of AuNC assemblies generated using biomolecules as structure-directing scaffolds.Covalent and noncovalent interactions with biomolecules enable the formation of well-defined one-,two-,and three-dimensional structures with tunable morphologies and sizes.These assemblies display distinctive photophysical behaviors that have been exploited for biosensing,bioimaging,and therapeutic applications in both cellular and in vivo models.Compared with individual AuNCs,assembled systems offer improved uptake,prolonged circulation,and efficient clearance,while protecting labile cargos such as nucleic acids and proteins.Moreover,their ordered and defined architectures can be engineered for controlled drug release and synergistic photo-or radiotherapeutic effects.Despite these advances,fundamental understanding of how structural organization governs photophysical responses remains limited.Elucidating parameters such as intercluster spacing and loading density will be essential for optimizing performance.Overall,biologically guided AuNC assemblies represent a powerful platform for multifunctional biosensing and therapy,bridging nanoscale design with biological function.
基金funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreements no.824072(Harvestore project)no.101017709(EPISTORE)by the Centre of Excellence of Multifunctional Architectured Materials“CEMAM”no.ANR-10-LABX-44-01 as part of the“Investments for the Future”Program.
文摘This work explores the potential of La_(1-x)Pr_(x)NiO_(4+δ)thin films fabricated by Pulsed Injection Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition as oxygen electrodes for low-temperature solid oxide cells.La_(1-x)Pr_(x)NiO_(4+δ)materials offer promising mixed ionic and electronic conductivity and high oxygen reduction reaction kinetics.In this study,we focus on the microstructural and electrochemical properties of LaPrNiO_(4+δ)thin films deposited at various temperatures(600-650℃),revealing that a two-temperature deposition process yields nano-architectured films with a dense bottom film and a porous nano-columnar top layer of the same material.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and electrical conductivity relaxation experiments demonstrate enhanced surface exchange coefficients compared to bulk LaPrNiO_(4+δ)and La_(2)NiO_(4+δ)and high performance,with polarization resistances as low as 0.10Ωcm^(2) at 600℃ and 1.00 at 500℃.To better understand the electrochemical behavior of these electrodes,we investigated the limiting mechanisms of oxygen reduction by analyzing the kinetic response to varying oxygen partial pressures and performing detailed impedance analyses.These nano-columnar LaPrNiO_(4+δ)oxygen electrodes were also deposited on commercial half-cells,enabling the resulting full cells to operate successfully in both reversible solid oxide fuel cell and electrolysis cell modes,reaching a performance of 0.34 W cm^(-2) at 600℃ in reversible solid oxide fuel cell mode.This work underscores the promise of LaPrNiO_(4+δ)thin films for efficient low-temperature-solid oxide cells while addressing challenges in durability and stability.
基金The ELI ALPS project(GINOP-2.3.6-15-2015-00001)is supported by the European Union,and it is co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund.supported by the IMPULSE project,which receives funding from the European Union Framework Programme for Research and Innovation Horizon 2020 under grant agreement no.871161.S.K.and M.U.K.also acknowledges project no.2019-2.1.13-TET-IN-2020-00059+2 种基金support provided by the National Research,Development and Innovation Fund of Hungary,and financed under the 2019-2.1.13-TET-IN funding scheme.D.C.acknowledges support of this work by the Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation(HFRI)and the General Secretariat for Research and Technology(GSRT)under the grant no.NEA-APS HFRIFM17-3173support from the Swedish Research Council,the European Research Council(advanced grant QPAP,884900)the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation,including the Wallenberg Center for Quantum Technology(WACQT).
文摘Advancements in light engineering have led to the creation of pulsed laser sources capable of delivering high-repetition-rate,high-power few-cycle laser pulses across a wide spectral range,enabling exploration of many fascinating nonlinear processes occurring in all states of matter.High-harmonic generation,one such process,which converts the low-frequency photons of the driver laser field into soft x-rays,has revolutionized atomic,molecular,and optical physics,leading to progress in attosecond science and ultrafast optoelectronics.The Extreme Light Infrastructure,Attosecond Light Pulse Source(ELI ALPS)facility pioneers state-of-the-art tools for research in these areas.This paper outlines the design rationale,capabilities,and applications of plasma-and gas-based high-repetition-rate(1 kHz to 100 kHz)attosecond extreme ultraviolet(XUV)beamlines developed at ELI ALPS,highlighting their potential for advancing various research fields.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province under Grant No.E2025201025,the Science Research Project of Hebei Education Department under Grant No.BJK2024121the Open Fund of Hebei Cangzhou Groundwater and Land Subsidence National Observation and Research Station under Grant No.CGLOS-2025-04+1 种基金the HBU Innovation Team for Multi-Disaster Prevention in Transportation Geotechnics under Grant No.IT2023C04the Research Fund for Talented Scholars of HBU under Grant No.521100221063。
文摘Tire-derived aggregate(TDA)is an engineered construction material produced from recycled scrap tires and is often used as a compressible layer overlying buried structures to reduce overburden loads.The potential amplification of ground motion in a tunnel site is well understood,but the effect of the tunnel-TDA layer system on ground surface acceleration remains unclear.In this study,both linear and nonlinear dynamic analyses were performed to evaluate the contributions of a TDA layer to the acceleration amplification at the ground surface.The numerical model was calibrated using recorded data from a shaking table test and validated against the literature results,followed by extensive parametric studies.The mechanical and geometrical parameters investigated for the TDA layer included damping ratio,density,Young’s modulus,width,thickness,and depth.The predominant frequency and intensity level of input motions were also investigated.This study showed that the presence of the TDA layer provided an additional acceleration amplification effect.The amplification was more pronounced in areas above the tunnel,particularly for the wider and shallower TDA layer subjected to high frequency and low intensity input motions.
基金supported by the Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), France (UMR IGE Imputation, Grant no. 252RA5)the Laboratoire Mixte International NEXUS (LMI-NEXUS) (Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire)
文摘This study uses the International Center for Theoretical Physics(ICTP)Regional Climate Model version 5(RegCM5.0)to investigate the impact of the Fouta Djallon topography on the mean surface climate of West Africa with a focus on the June–September(JJAS)season.Two experiments were conducted:a control simulation with current topography(REF)and a sensitivity simulation with flattened terrain(FLAT).Results show that reducing the elevation leads to decreased rainfall and increased temperatures,particularly over the Guinea Coast and the modified topographic region.Rainfall decreases by approximately 4.59%in the Guinea Coast sub-zone,while it slightly increases by about 2.76%in the Sahel.The most significant rainfall reduction,exceeding 20%,occurs over the flattened area.Temperature rises across both regions,with the strongest warming over the Fouta Jallon region.This pattern is likely due to the suppression of orographic uplift,which enhances the southwesterly monsoon flow from the Atlantic Ocean and causes a northward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone(ITCZ)into the Sahel.The findings highlight the key role of Fouta Jallon topography on the West African climate system.
文摘We read with interest the recently published paper by Chebaro et al.(1).The authors compared liver venous deprivation(LVD)and associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy(ALPPS)which are two novel techniques used to achieve increased hypertrophy of the future liver remnant(FLR)in view of extensive liver resections(2,3).
基金FEDER Prostem Research Project,No.1510614(Wallonia DG06)the F.R.S.-FNRS Epiforce Project,No.T.0092.21+4 种基金the F.R.S.-FNRS Cell Squeezer Project,No.J.0061.23the F.R.S.-FNRS Optopattern Project,No.U.NO26.22the Interreg MAT(T)ISSE Project,which is financially supported by Interreg France-Wallonie-Vlaanderen(Fonds Européen de Développement Régional,FEDER-ERDF)Programme Wallon d’Investissement Région Wallone pour les instruments d’imagerie(INSTIMAG UMONS#1910169)support from the European Research Council(ERC)under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme(AdG grant agreement no.834317,Fueling Transport,PI Frédéric Saudou)。
文摘Advanced microsystems in traumatic brain injury research:Traumatic brain injury(TBI)results from a mechanical insult to the brain,leading to neuronal and axonal damage and subsequently causing a secondary injury.Within minutes of TBI,a neuroinflammatory response is triggered,driven by intricate molecular and cellular inflammatory processes.
基金supported by ANR(ANR-21-CE16-0008-01)ANR(ANR-21-CE16-0008-02 and ANR-23-CE52-0007)+2 种基金UNADEV(A22018CS)UNADEV(A22020CS)(to SB)ERC(ERC-St17-759089)(to HN)。
文摘Over the centuries,the regeneration field has been puzzled by the dual response of the central nervous system(CNS-brain,spinal cord,cranial nervesⅠandⅡ)and the peripheral nervous system(PNS that refers to all the nerves that innervate muscles,skin,organs,bones among others).Even Ramon y Cajal had noticed that an injury to the PNS often leads to axon regrowth,in contrast to the CNS.
基金The authors extended their appreciation to Distinguished Scientist Fellowship program at King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia,for funding this work through research supporting project number(RSP2024R131).
文摘Background:Scientific evidence to guide clinicians on the use of different antiseizure drugs in combination therapy is either very limited or lacking.In this study,the impact of lacosamide and perampanel alone and in combination was tested in corneal kindling model in mice,which is a cost-effective mechanism for screening of antiseizure drugs.Methods:The impact of lacosamide(5 mg/kg)and perampanel(0.125 mg/kg)alone and their combination was tested in corneal kindling process(3-mA current for 3 s applied twice daily for consecutive 12 days)in male BALB/c mice.Post-kindling,mice were subjected to a battery of behavioral tests assessing anxiety,memory,and depression-like behaviors.Brain tissues were then harvested for analysis of oxidative stress biomarkers.Results:Our results showed that the combination therapy of lacosamide and perampanel was more effective in reducing seizure progression than monotherapy of these drugs.Animals treated with combination therapy showed significant behavioral improvements,as reduced anxiety and depression were noticed,and their cognitive abilities were notably better compared to animals of all other groups.Moreover,biochemical assays of isolated brains from combination-treated group revealed lesser amount of oxidative stress.In addition,outcomes of dual regime were comparable to the phenytoin in seizure control but showed superior benefits in mitigation of kindling-prompted behavioral dysfunction and oxidative stress.Conclusions:This study suggests that the lacosamide and perampanel combination therapy worked noticeably better in halting the corneal kindling process in mice and improved the epilepsy-associated psychiatric disorders that might be due to antioxidant effects of both drugs.
基金supported by Fonds Clinatec and COVEA France(to JM).
文摘Neurons are notoriously vulnerable cell types.Even the slightest change in their internal and/or external environments will cause much distress and dysfunction,leading often to their death.A range of pathological conditions,including stroke,head trauma,and neurodegenerative disease,can generate stress in neurons,affecting their survival and proper function.In most neural pathologies,mitochondria become dysfunctional and this plays a pivotal role in the process of cell death.The challenge over the last few decades has been to develop effective interventions that improve neuronal homeostasis under pathological conditions.Such interventions,often referred to as disease-modifying or neuroprotective,have,however,proved frustratingly elusive,at both preclinical and,in particular,clinical levels.In this perspective,we highlight two factors that we feel are key to the development of effective neuroprotective treatments.These are:firstly,the choice of dose of intervention and method of application,and secondly,the selection of subjects,whether they be patients or the animal model.
基金partially supported by U.S.National Science Foundation grants EAR1925965 and RISE-2425889support from the European Research Council under the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation program(grant agreement no.742335,FIMAGE)。
文摘Several physical mechanisms of earthquake nucleation,such as pre-slip,cascade triggering,aseismic slip,and fluid-driven models,have been proposed.However,it is still not clear which model plays the most important role in driving foreshocks and mainshock nucleation for given cases.In this study,we focus on the relationship between an intensive earthquake swarm that started beneath the Noto Peninsula in Central Japan since November 2020 and the nucleation of the 2024 M 7.6 Noto Hanto earthquake.We relocate earthquakes listed in the standard Japan Meteorological Agency(JMA)catalog since 2018 with the double-different relocation method.Relocated seismicity revealed that the 2024 M 7.6 mainshock likely ruptured a thrust fault above a parallel fault where the M 6.5 Suzu earthquake occurred in May 2023.We find possible along-strike and along-dip expansion of seismicity in the first few months at the beginning of the swarm sequence,while no obvious migration pattern in the last few days before the M 7.6 mainshock was observed.Several smaller events occurred in between the M 5.5 and M 4.6 foreshocks that occurred about 4min and 2 min before the M 7.6 mainshock.The Coulomb stress changes from the M 5.5 foreshock were negative at the hypocenter of the M 7.6 mainshock,which is inconsistent with a simple cascade triggering model.Moreover,an M 5.9 foreshock was identified in the JMA catalog 14 s before the mainshock.Results from backprojection of high-frequency teleseismic P waves show a prolonged initial rupture process near the mainshock hypocenter lasting for~25 s,before propagating bilaterally outward.Our results suggest a complex evolution process linking the earthquake swarm to the nucleation of the M 7.6 mainshock at a region of complex structures associated with the bend of a mapped large-scale reverse fault.A combination of fluid migration,aseismic slip and elastic stress triggering likely work in concert to drive both the prolonged earthquake swarm and the nucleation of the M 7.6 mainshock.
基金The authors extend their appreciation to the Distinguished Scientist Fellowship program at King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia,for funding this work through Research Supporting Project Number RSP2024R131.
文摘Background:Besides seizures,a myriad of overlapping neuropsychiatric and cognitive comorbidities occur in patients with epilepsy,which further debilitates their quality of life.This study provides an in-depth characterization of the impact of brivaracetam and rufinamide individually and in combination at 10 and 20 mg/kg doses,respec-tively,on corneal kindling-induced generalized seizures and behavioral alterations.Furthermore,observed convulsive frequency and behavioral changes were corre-lated to post-kindling-induced changes in the activity of markers of oxidative stress.Methods:Adult C57BL/6 mice were kindled via twice-daily transcorneal 50-Hz elec-trical stimulations(3 mA)for 3 s for 12 days until animals reached a fully kindled state.After the kindling procedure,animals were tested using a set of behavioral tests,and neurochemical alterations were assessed.Results:Corneal-kindled animals exhibited intense generalized convulsions,altered behavioral phenotypes typified by positive symptoms(hyperlocomotion),negative symptoms(anxiety and anhedonia),and deficits in semantic and working memory.BRV 10+RFM 20 dual regime increased convulsive threshold and propensity toward the start of stage 4–5 seizures and improved phenotypical deficits,that is,anxiety,depression,and memory impairments.Moreover,this combination therapy mitigated kindling-induced redox impairments as evidenced by reduced malondialdehyde and acetylcholinesterase levels and increased glutathione antioxidant activity in the brain of animals subjected to repetitive brain insult.Conclusion:Based on our outcomes,this dual therapy provides supporting evidence in alleviating epilepsy-induced neurobehavioral comorbidities and changes in redox homeostasis.
基金supported by the Ecole des Mines Saint-Etienne and the Agence de l’Environnement et de la Maitrise de l’Energie。
文摘Pollution from road traffic contributes significantly to air pollution through pollutants from exhaust emissions(gases and particles)and non-exhaust emissions(tire wear particles,brake wear particles and the resuspension of road dust).This research examined the hazard of tire particles(TP)and in particular evaluated the effect of TP size on lung macrophages.TP were obtained by cryogenic grinding of a tire and subsequent sieving to obtain four groups of particles(TP70,TP30,TP15,TP5)of different sizes with average diameters of 107μm,55μm,22μm,and 6μm,respectively.A complete physicochemical characterization was performed to determine the size distribution,chemical composition and morphology of these particles.We then investigated the proinflammatory response,oxidative stress and cytotoxicity induced in RAW264.7 cells exposed to four different TP concentrations for 24 h.TP had no direct effect on cytotoxicity,nor did they increase reactive oxygen species(ROS)production in the cells.However,TP induced a significant and size-dependent proinflammatory effect,which was particularly pronounced with small particles.Moreover,this effect was concentration-dependent.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12172104 and 11932005)the Talent Recruitment Project of Guangdong(2021QN02L892)+3 种基金the Stable Supporting Fund of Shenzhen(GXWD20231130153335002)the Shccig-Qinling Program(SMYJY202300140C)the program of Innovation Team in Universities and Colleges in Guangdong(2021KCXTD006)Development and Reform Commission of Shenzhen(XMHT20220103004).
文摘The mechanical properties of solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs)can limit their mechanical stability and lifespan.Understanding the correlation between the microstructure and mechanical properties of porous electrode is essential for enhancing the performance and durability of SOFCs.Accurate prediction of mechanical properties of porous electrode can be achieved by microscale finite element modeling based on three-dimensional(3D)microstructures,which requires expensive 3D tomography techniques and massive computational resources.In this study,we proposed a cost-effective alternative approach to access the mechanical properties of porous electrodes,with the elastic properties of La_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.2)Fe_(0.8)O_(3-δc)athode serving as a case study.Firstly,a stochastic modeling was used to reconstruct 3D microstructures from two-dimensional(2D)cross-sections as an alternative to expensive tomography.Then,the discrete element method(DEM)was used to predict the elastic properties of porous ceramics based on the discretized 3D microstructures reconstructed by stochastic modeling.Based on 2D microstructure and the elastic properties calculated by the DEM modeling of the 3D reconstructed porous microstructures,a convolutional neural network(CNN)based deep learning model was built to predict the elastic properties rapidly from 2D microstructures.The proposed combined framework can be implemented with limited computational resources and provide a basis for rapid prediction of mechanical properties and parameter estimation for multiscale modeling of SOFCs.
