Graphical abstracts(GAs)are emerging as a pivotal tool in medical literature,enhancing the dissemination and comprehension of complex clinical data through visual summaries.This editorial highlights the significant ad...Graphical abstracts(GAs)are emerging as a pivotal tool in medical literature,enhancing the dissemination and comprehension of complex clinical data through visual summaries.This editorial highlights the significant advantages of GAs,including improved clarity,increased reader engagement,and enhanced visibility of research findings.By transforming intricate scientific data into accessible visual formats,these abstracts facilitate quick and effective knowledge transfer,crucial in clinical decision-making and patient care.However,challenges such as potential data misrepresentation due to oversimplification,the skill gap in graphic design among researchers,and the lack of standardized creation guidelines pose barriers to their widespread adoption.Additionally,while software such as Adobe Illustrator,BioRender,and Canva are commonly employed to create these visuals,not all researchers may be proficient in their use.To address these issues,we recommend that academic journals establish clear guidelines and provide necessary design training to researchers.This proactive approach will ensure the creation of high-quality GAs,promote their standardization,and expand their use in clinical reporting,ultimately benefiting the medical community and improving healthcare outcomes.展开更多
Two thioamino acids and four fiuorinated amino acids were employed to substitute either partially or entirely the Ile_(2),Ser_(3),Ile_(6),and Ser_(7) residues of Leu_(10)-teixobactin to prepare ten analogues and the b...Two thioamino acids and four fiuorinated amino acids were employed to substitute either partially or entirely the Ile_(2),Ser_(3),Ile_(6),and Ser_(7) residues of Leu_(10)-teixobactin to prepare ten analogues and the bioactivity of them was investigated.The SAR studies revealed that Ile_(6) was tolerable for both thioamidation and fiuoridation,while Ser_(7) was identified as the most tolerable site for thioamidation.Analogue 1a demonstrated comparable or slightly improved antibacterial activity,superior protease stability compared to Leu_(10)-teixobactin,while not exhibiting obvious cytotoxicity against mammalian cells.展开更多
Lithium iron phosphate(LFP)has found many applications in the field of electric vehicles and energy storage systems.However,the increasing volume of end-of-life LFP batteries poses an urgent challenge in terms of envi...Lithium iron phosphate(LFP)has found many applications in the field of electric vehicles and energy storage systems.However,the increasing volume of end-of-life LFP batteries poses an urgent challenge in terms of environmental sustainability and resource management.Therefore,the development and implementation of efficient LFP battery recycling methods are crucial to address these challenges.This article presents a novel,comprehensive evaluation framework for comparing different lithium iron phosphate relithiation techniques.The framework includes three main sets of criteria:direct production cost,electrochemical performance,and environmental impact.Each criterion is scored on a scale of 0–100,with higher scores indicating better performance.The direct production cost is rated based on material costs,energy consumption,key equipment costs,process duration and space requirements.Electrochemical performance is assessed by rate capability and cycle stability.Environmental impact is assessed based on CO_(2)emissions.The framework provides a standardized technique for researchers and industry professionals to objectively compare relithiation methods,facilitating the identification of the most promising approaches for further development and scale-up.The total average score across the three criterion groups for electrochemical,chemical,and hydrothermal relithiation methods was approximately 60 points,while sintering scored 39 points,making it the least attractive relithiation technique.Combining approaches outlined in publications with scores exceeding 60,a relithiation scheme was proposed to achieve optimal electrochemical performance with minimal resource consumption and environmental impact.The results demonstrate the framework’s applicability and highlight areas for future research and optimization in lithium iron phosphate cathode recycling.展开更多
Stromal vascular fraction(SVF)therapy is a promising regenerative medicine strategy derived from adipose tissue,containing a heterogeneous mix of cells,including adipose-derived stem,endothelial,and immune cells.Despi...Stromal vascular fraction(SVF)therapy is a promising regenerative medicine strategy derived from adipose tissue,containing a heterogeneous mix of cells,including adipose-derived stem,endothelial,and immune cells.Despite its potential in treating conditions like osteoarthritis,chronic wounds,and myo-cardial ischemia,significant challenges impede its clinical translation.Key obstacles include biological variability in SVF composition,unclear mechanisms of action,regulatory ambiguities,and the technical difficulty of ensuring stan-dardized and scalable isolation methods.Furthermore,patient-specific factors,ethical concerns,and the need for comprehensive efficacy assessment complicate clinical application.Addressing these challenges requires advancements in technology,regulatory flexibility,interdisciplinary collaboration,and person-alized therapeutic approaches.Innovations such as automated isolation systems,advanced biomaterials,and CRISPR-based gene editing are potential solutions to improve the therapeutic reliability of SVF.A structured roadmap,including preclinical research,regulatory approval,and post-market surveillance,is proposed to advance SVF therapies from the laboratory to clinical practice.Future directions should focus on large-scale clinical trials,biomarker development,real-world evidence generation,and standardization of protocols to enhance the safety,efficacy,and accessibility of SVF,ultimately realizing its potential as a versatile therapeutic in regenerative medicine.展开更多
BACKGROUND In intertrochanteric fractures,the positive medial cortex support reduction is considered to provide a non-anatomical buttress that helps in controlled collapse.AIM To analyze the concept of medial cortical...BACKGROUND In intertrochanteric fractures,the positive medial cortex support reduction is considered to provide a non-anatomical buttress that helps in controlled collapse.AIM To analyze the concept of medial cortical reduction(MCR)and its clinical and radiological association in geriatric intertrochanteric femur fractures.METHODS Geriatric patients who presented with AO/OTA 31A1 and 31A2 femur fractures and treated with proximal femoral nailing between July 2021 and June 2023 were include in this prospective cohort study.Based on the degree of MCR,they were divided into positive,neutral,or negative MCR groups.The demographic baseline characteristics,postoperative radiographic femoral neck-shaft angle and neck length were analyzed at 6,12 and 24 weeks post-surgery.Functional outcomes such as modified Harris Hip Score(HHS)and time to full-weight bearing were also analyzed.RESULTS 47 patients(Male:Famale 35:12)with mean age of 65.8±4.2 years were included in this study.Twenty-two cases had neutral support,nine had negative support,and sixteen had positive support in the medial cortex postoperatively.Baseline characteristics of the three groups were comparable.No significant differences were found in the femur neck length and femur neck-shaft angle changes post-surgery between the groups.The modified HHS was not found to be significant between the groups(P=0.883)as that of the time to full weight bearing(P=0.789).CONCLUSION The type of reduction achieved based on medial cortical alignment does not affect the femur neck length shortening or varus collapse.Future randomized controlled trials are needed to validate the findings noted in the study.展开更多
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis(OA)of the knee is a prevalent degenerative joint disease that significantly impairs quality of life and functional mobility.Emerging regenerative therapies,such as stromal vascular fraction(S...BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis(OA)of the knee is a prevalent degenerative joint disease that significantly impairs quality of life and functional mobility.Emerging regenerative therapies,such as stromal vascular fraction(SVF)and nanofat,have demonstrated potential in cartilage repair and symptom alleviation.However,comparative clinical evidence evaluating their efficacy and safety remains limited.AIM To compare the clinical outcomes of SVF vs nanofat therapy in patients with primary knee OA.METHODS Conducted at Mother Cell Regenerative Centre,Trichy,over 18 months(June 2025 to December 2026),the study will enroll 30 patients,randomly assigned to two groups of 15 each.Both interventions will be administered as a single intra-articular injection under sterile conditions,with cell viability(>85%)confirmed by a standardized assay.Group A will receive autologous SVF injections,while Group B will receive autologous nanofat injections.The primary outcome measure is the change in pain scores at 12 months using the visual analog scale(VAS).Secondary outcomes include functional improvement assessed by Osteoarthritis Outcome Score(KOOS),Western Ontario and McMaster Universities(WOMAC),and International Knee Documentation Committee(IKDC)scores,cartilage regeneration evaluated via magnetic resonance imaging with colour coded mapping of the cartilage volume(MR cartigram),and monitoring of adverse events.RESULTS This study aims to evaluate pain reduction at 12 months post-injection,using the VAS as the primary outcome.Secondary outcomes include functional improvement(KOOS,WOMAC,IKDC),cartilage regeneration(T2 cartigram),adverse event incidence,patient satisfaction(standardized questionnaires,Likert scale),and quality of life(EQ-5D).Ethical considerations follow the Declaration of Helsinki and Good Clinical Practice,with IRB approval and participant informed consent ensured.Confidentiality and data security comply with regulations,and a Data Safety Monitoring Board oversees trial safety.Results will be shared via peer-reviewed journals,presentations at international orthopedic conferences,and detailed summaries for stakeholders and participants.The trial is registered under CTRI/2024/03/064076.Findings emphasize patient-centered advancements in knee osteoarthritis management.CONCLUSION This trial evaluates the efficacy and safety of SVF and nanofat therapies in knee OA,addressing a significant evidence gap.It employs robust methods to enhance cartilage repair and patient quality of life.Future research should standardize dosages,protocols,and injection techniques,explore autologous/allogenic preparations,and advance radiological tools,broadening accessibility and clinical applications.展开更多
BACKGROUND Low back pain is a major cause of disability worldwide,with intervertebral disc degeneration contributing to nearly 40%of cases.Conventional treatments focus on symptom relief without addressing the underly...BACKGROUND Low back pain is a major cause of disability worldwide,with intervertebral disc degeneration contributing to nearly 40%of cases.Conventional treatments focus on symptom relief without addressing the underlying degeneration.Platelet-rich plasma(PRP),a regenerative therapy rich in growth factors,offers potential therapeutic benefits through growth factor-mediated mechanisms,though clinical evidence is limited.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of intradiscal autologous PRP injection in reducing pain and improving function in patients with chronic lumbar disc prolapse.METHODS This pilot quasi-experimental study was conducted in tertiary care centre between July 2022 and June 2024.The study involved comparing the outcomes between group A(n=17)who failed to respond to conservative treatment measures and received intradiscal PRP injection with group B(n=22)who responded to conservative treatment.Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)and Functional Rating Index(FRI)scores were recorded at baseline,3 weeks,and 6 weeks for both the groups.RESULTS Forty patients were enrolled in the study.The PRP group demonstrated significant improvement in VAS and FRI scores compared to baseline.While both groups improved from their respective baselines,direct between-group comparisons are limited by baseline differences in symptom severity.Patients who failed conservative trial showed significant improvement following PRP intervention,with outcomes approaching those observed in physiotherapy responders.CONCLUSION Intradiscal PRP injection significantly improved pain and function in patients with lumbar disc disease,with clinical improvements that approached the level observed in physiotherapy responders,despite baseline differences in symptom severity.PRP shows promise as an effective treatment for lumbar disc pathology;however,these preliminary findings are limited by the small sample size and short follow-up,warranting larger trials with long-term evaluation.展开更多
BACKGROUND Orthopedic training,one of the most useful but under-represented specialties in undergraduate medical curricula,has some difficulties in clinical teaching.AIM To determine if simulation-based learning(SBL)w...BACKGROUND Orthopedic training,one of the most useful but under-represented specialties in undergraduate medical curricula,has some difficulties in clinical teaching.AIM To determine if simulation-based learning(SBL)was effective in enhancing procedural accuracy,skill confidence,and knowledge recall in final-year medical students.METHODS This was a cross-sectional observational study performed in the Department of Orthopaedics in a tertiary care teaching hospital with simulation training facilities.The trial was conducted over 2 months(January 2025-February 2025)and was designed to determine the effect of SBL on procedural skills,knowledge retention,and self-perceived confidence in a group of final-year medical students.The inclusion criterion was undergraduate medical students in their final year who had clinical postings in orthopedics.Convenience sampling was used to recruit 106 students.The sample size was estimated to achieve a post-training 50%improvement ratio in procedural accuracy,a confidence interval of 95%,and an absolute precision of 10%.The simulation sessions included exercises with synthetic bone models,cast equipment,and procedural packs[orthopedic skills:(1)Closed fracture reduction;(2)Application of plaster;and(3)Traction].Each session consisted of an instructor-led demonstration,practice under supervision,and immediate feedback.RESULTS In our study involving 106 final-year medical students,SBL significantly improved procedural accuracy with scores rising from 62.5%to 84.9%(P<0.001).Knowledge retention also improved markedly with post-test scores increasing from 63.4%to 78.2%(P<0.001).Self-reported confidence levels showed a substantial gain,increasing from 4.6 to 8.2 on a 10-point scale.Prior simulation exposure and academic performance≥75%were significantly associated with higher post-training accuracy.Gender had no significant influence on outcomes.CONCLUSION The current study attested to the value of SBL in the enhancement of procedural skills,knowledge retention,and self-confidence of final-year medical students in orthopedics.展开更多
In regenerative medicine,the isolation of mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs)from the adipose tissue’s stromal vascular fraction(SVF)is a critical area of study.Our review meticulously examines the isolation process of M...In regenerative medicine,the isolation of mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs)from the adipose tissue’s stromal vascular fraction(SVF)is a critical area of study.Our review meticulously examines the isolation process of MSCs,starting with the extraction of adipose tissue.The choice of liposuction technique,anatomical site,and immediate processing are essential to maintain cell functionality.We delve into the intricacies of enzymatic digestion,emphasizing the fine-tuning of enzyme concentrations to maximize cell yield while preventing harm.The review then outlines the filtration and centrifugation techniques necessary for isolating a purified SVF,alongside cell viability assessments like flow cytometry,which are vital for confirming the efficacy of the isolated MSCs.We discuss the advantages and drawbacks of using autologous vs allogeneic SVF sources,touching upon immunocompatibility and logistical considerations,as well as the variability inherent in donor-derived cells.Anesthesia choices,the selection between hypo-dermic needles vs liposuction cannulas,and the role of adipose tissue lysers in achieving cellular dissociation are evaluated for their impact on SVF isolation.Centrifugation protocols are also analyzed for their part in ensuring the integrity of the SVF.The necessity for standardized MSC isolation protocols is highlighted,promoting reproducibility and successful clinical application.We encourage ongoing research to deepen the understanding of MSC biology and therapeutic action,aiming to further the field of regenerative medicine.The review concludes with a call for rigorous research,interdisciplinary collaboration,and strict adherence to ethical and regulatory standards to safeguard patient safety and optimize treatment outcomes with MSCs.展开更多
Urbanization develops with the goal of establishing improved and more sustainable habitats for residents.Environmental and social performance must be simultaneously monitored to ascertain whether regions are progressi...Urbanization develops with the goal of establishing improved and more sustainable habitats for residents.Environmental and social performance must be simultaneously monitored to ascertain whether regions are progressing towards or deviating from the safe and just space(SJS)in urbanization.Despite relevant studies,the absence of indicators that bridge ecological preservation and human well-beings renders dual monitoring challenging.This study bridged the gap by exploring the interactions between urbanization,ecosystem services(ESs),and basic water,energy,and food(WEF)needs within the SJS framework across China and its provinces.By quantifying the minimum and actual demands for freshwater withdrawal,carbon emissions,phosphorus emissions,and land use,as well as the supply of ESs into unified biophysical indicators,we found that:(1)China can meet the basic WEF needs for all from 2000 to 2020,but only water and land provisioning ESs can operate within the SJS.Carbon emissions surpassed the sequestration capacity in 2010,while phosphorus purification ES has consistently been unsafe.(2)The SJS performance in terms of ecological and social fulfilment exhibited scale differences and undergone changes with urbanization.Overall,no province in China can consistently operate within all SJSs.(3)In the process of urbanization,improvements in ecological protection and production practices in most provinces expanded the size of SJS,but the continuous increase in total demand failed to steer regions toward safer spaces.Our framework emphasized the common but differentiated pathways that regions at varying stages of urbanization navigate to achieve safety and justice.It also provides an applicable solution for regions aiming to pursue urban growth while maintaining ecological conservation and social justice,ultimately achieving sustainable development.展开更多
Purpose–This study aims to propose a cooperative adhesion control method for trains with multiple motors electric locomotives.The method is intended to optimize the output torque of each motor,maximize the utilizatio...Purpose–This study aims to propose a cooperative adhesion control method for trains with multiple motors electric locomotives.The method is intended to optimize the output torque of each motor,maximize the utilization of train adhesion within the total torque command,reduce the train skidding/sliding phenomenon and achieve optimal adhesion utilization for each axle,thus realizing the optimal allocation of the multi-motor electric locomotives.Design/methodology/approach–In this study,a model predictive control(MPC)-based cooperative maximum adhesion tracking control method for multi-motor electric locomotives is presented.Firstly,train traction system with multiple motors is constructed in accordance with Newton’s second law.These equations include the train dynamics equations,the axle dynamics equations,and the wheel-rail adhesion coefficient equations.Then,a new MPC-based multi-axle adhesion co-optimization method is put forward.This method calculates the optimal output torque through real-time iteration based on the known reference slip speed to achieve multi-axle co-optimization under different circumstances.Findings–This paper presents a MPC system designed for the cooperative control of multi-axle adhesion.The results indicate that the proposed control system is able to optimize the adhesion of multiple axles under numerous different conditions and achieve the optimal power distribution based on the reduction of train skidding/sliding.Originality/value–This study presents a novel cooperative adhesion tracking control scheme.It is designed for multi-motor electric locomotives,which has rarely been studied before.And simulations are carried out in different conditions,including variable surfaces and motor failing.展开更多
Knee osteoarthritis(OA)is a debilitating condition with limited long-term treatment options.The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs),particularly those derived from bone marrow aspirate concentrate,ha...Knee osteoarthritis(OA)is a debilitating condition with limited long-term treatment options.The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs),particularly those derived from bone marrow aspirate concentrate,has garnered attention for cartilage repair in OA.While the iliac crest is the traditional site for bone marrow harvesting(BMH),associated morbidity has prompted the exploration of alternative sites such as the proximal tibia,distal femur,and proximal humerus.This paper reviews the impact of different harvesting sites on mesenchymal stem cell(MSC)yield,viability,and regenerative potential,emphasizing their relevance in knee OA treatment.The iliac crest consistently offers the highest MSC yield,but alternative sites within the surgical field of knee procedures offer comparable MSC characteristics with reduced morbidity.The integration of harvesting techniques into existing knee surgeries,such as total knee arthroplasty,provides a less invasive approach while maintaining thera-peutic efficacy.However,variability in MSC yield from these alternative sites underscores the need for further research to standardize techniques and optimize clinical outcomes.Future directions include large-scale comparative studies,advanced characterization of MSCs,and the development of personalized harvesting strategies.Ultimately,the findings suggest that optimizing the site of BMH can significantly influence the quality of MSC-based therapies for knee OA,enhancing their clinical utility and patient outcomes.展开更多
The critical role of patient-reported outcome measures(PROMs)in enhancing clinical decision-making and promoting patient-centered care has gained a profound significance in scientific research.PROMs encapsulate a pati...The critical role of patient-reported outcome measures(PROMs)in enhancing clinical decision-making and promoting patient-centered care has gained a profound significance in scientific research.PROMs encapsulate a patient's health status directly from their perspective,encompassing various domains such as symptom severity,functional status,and overall quality of life.By integrating PROMs into routine clinical practice and research,healthcare providers can achieve a more nuanced understanding of patient experiences and tailor treatments accordingly.The deployment of PROMs supports dynamic patient-provider interactions,fostering better patient engagement and adherence to tre-atment plans.Moreover,PROMs are pivotal in clinical settings for monitoring disease progression and treatment efficacy,particularly in chronic and mental health conditions.However,challenges in implementing PROMs include data collection and management,integration into existing health systems,and acceptance by patients and providers.Overcoming these barriers necessitates technological advancements,policy development,and continuous education to enhance the acceptability and effectiveness of PROMs.The paper concludes with recommendations for future research and policy-making aimed at optimizing the use and impact of PROMs across healthcare settings.展开更多
In the intricate landscape of healthcare,vicarious liability looms large,shaping the responsibilities and actions of healthcare practitioners and administrators alike.Illustrated by a poignant scenario of a medication...In the intricate landscape of healthcare,vicarious liability looms large,shaping the responsibilities and actions of healthcare practitioners and administrators alike.Illustrated by a poignant scenario of a medication error,this article navigates the complexities of vicarious liability in healthcare.It explains the legal basis and ramifications of this theory,emphasizing its importance in fostering responsibility,protecting patient welfare,and easing access to justice.The paper explores the practical effects of vicarious responsibility on day-to-day operations,leadership practices,and decision-making processes via the eyes of senior consultants,junior doctors,and hospital administrators.Through comprehensive insights and real-world examples,it underscores the imperative of fostering a culture of accountability,communication,and quality care to navigate the intricate web of liabilities inherent in modern healthcare.展开更多
The intricate interplay between natural compounds like curcumin and the gut microbiome has gained significant attention in recent years due to their potential therapeutic implications in various health conditions.Curc...The intricate interplay between natural compounds like curcumin and the gut microbiome has gained significant attention in recent years due to their potential therapeutic implications in various health conditions.Curcumin,a polyphenolic compound derived from turmeric,exhibits diverse pharmacological properties,including anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,and anticancer effects.Understanding how curcumin modulates gut microbiota composition and function is crucial for elucidating its therapeutic mechanisms.This review examines the current literature on the interactions between curcumin and the gut microbiome.A systematic search of relevant databases was conducted to identify studies investigating the effects of curcumin on gut microbial diversity and abundance.Key findings from studies exploring curcumin's efficacy in neurological disorders,gastrointestinal diseases,and metabolic dysfunction are synthesized and discussed.Studies have demonstrated that curcumin supplementation can modulate gut microbiota composition and function,leading to beneficial effects on gut health and homeostasis.Mechanisms underlying curcumin's therapeutic effects include immune modulation,neuroprotection,and inflammation regulation.However,challenges such as poor bioavailability and safety concerns remain significant hurdles to overcome.The interactions between curcumin and the gut microbiome hold promise for therapeutic interventions in a diverse range of health conditions.Further research is needed to optimize curcumin formulations,improve bioavailability,and address safety concerns.展开更多
The minimal clinically important difference(MCID)represents a pivotal metric in bridging the gap between statistical significance and clinical relevance,addressing the direct impact of medical interventions from the p...The minimal clinically important difference(MCID)represents a pivotal metric in bridging the gap between statistical significance and clinical relevance,addressing the direct impact of medical interventions from the patient's perspective.This comprehensive review analyzes the evolution,applications,and challenges of MCID across medical specialties,emphasizing its necessity in ensuring that clinical outcomes not only demonstrate statistical significance but also offer genuine clinical utility that aligns with patient expectations and needs.We discuss the evolution of MCID since its inception in the 1980s,its current applications across various medical specialties,and the methodologies used in its calculation,highlighting both anchor-based and distribution-based approaches.Furthermore,the paper delves into the challenges associated with the application of MCID,such as methodological variability and the interpretation difficulties that arise in clinical settings.Recommendations for the future include standardizing MCID calculation methods,enhancing patient involvement in setting MCID thresholds,and extending research to incorporate diverse global perspectives.These steps are critical to refining the role of MCID in patient-centered healthcare,addressing existing gaps in methodology and interpretation,and ensuring that medical interventions lead to significant,patient-perceived improvements.展开更多
Rice false smut(RFS),caused by the ascomycete fungus Ustilaginoidea virens(Cooke)Takahashi,is a notable panicle disease of rice.Mycoviruses represent a category of viruses capable of infecting various fungal groups,ga...Rice false smut(RFS),caused by the ascomycete fungus Ustilaginoidea virens(Cooke)Takahashi,is a notable panicle disease of rice.Mycoviruses represent a category of viruses capable of infecting various fungal groups,garnering interest for their potential application in the biological control of plant fungal diseases.We identified a novel positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus,named Ustilaginoidea virens mitovirus 1(UvMV1),from an abnormal U.virens strain Uv488.The complete genome sequence of UvMV1 is 2474 nt in length and contains a large open reading frame encoding RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.UvMV1 is classified as a new member of the genus Unuamitovirus in the family Mitoviridae based on phylogenetic analysis.It is effectively transmitted vertically through conidia of strain Uv488 and horizontally through hyphal fusion between vegetatively compatible individuals with an 80%transmission efficiency.We further demonstrated that UvMV1 significantly influenced conidiation,colony morphology,growth rate,secondary metabolite production,and the response to environmental stress in U.virens.Furthermore,qRT-PCR results aimed at detecting the expression levels of autophagy-related genes suggested that UvMV1 infection had the potential to induce autophagy in U.virens.Activation or inhibition of autophagy through chemical experiments demonstrated that UvMV1 enhances viral titers by inducing autophagy in U.virens,while inhibition of autophagy results in decreased UvMV1 titers.Transcriptome analyses consistently demonstrated that UvMV1 regulated the expression of genes associated with secondary metabolism,mycelial growth,virulence,and the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway,thereby influencing both the antiviral response and the virulence of U.virens.The data presented collectively identified a novel mycovirus responsible for inducing growth abnormalities in U.virens,and elucidated the regulatory mechanisms during mycovirus-host fungus interactions,particularly the autophagy pathway.These findings offer new perspectives and potential control strategies for managing RFS in agricultural settings.展开更多
High-concentration single-atom doping remains a formidable challenge due to the propensity for single atoms to form clusters or aggregate at elevated concentrations.Herein,high-concentration (10.8 wt%) Zn singleatom-d...High-concentration single-atom doping remains a formidable challenge due to the propensity for single atoms to form clusters or aggregate at elevated concentrations.Herein,high-concentration (10.8 wt%) Zn singleatom-doped porous tubular g-C_(3)N_(4)(ZCN) was successfully obtained via a template-free,one-step calcination method,exhibiting excellent photocatalytic performance.The confinement of the pore walls suppresses the Zn atom'smigration and aggregation,enhancing the Zn single-atom stability.ZCN exhibited excellent photodegradation performance against tetracycline with outstanding stability.Moreover,ZCN displayed remarkable sterilization performance,achieving a 100%inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus within 90 min of visible-light exposure.Density functional theory calculations demonstrated that the Zn single-atom sites act as pivotal photocatalytic active sites,with the presence of Zn single atoms notably augmenting charge separation efficiency.This work provides a novel approach for managing photocatalytic efficiency through enlarging single-atom doping,offering an avenue for pollutant photodegradation and sterilization.展开更多
BACKGROUND Ankle normative values are limited compared to isokinetic knee assessments.Chronic ankle instability correlates with agonist-antagonist imbalances,decreased evertor/invertor ratio,and plantar flexion defici...BACKGROUND Ankle normative values are limited compared to isokinetic knee assessments.Chronic ankle instability correlates with agonist-antagonist imbalances,decreased evertor/invertor ratio,and plantar flexion deficits.Strengthening programs targeting evertor/invertor and dorsiflexor/plantar flexor balance help reduce injury recurrence.Bilateral neuromuscular deficits compromise the contralateral side,rendering healthy limbs unsuitable as recovery references.Defining normative healthy ankle parameters is crucial for establishing precise limits in nonsurgical treatments and sports return criteria.While the limb symmetry index(LSI)is used for knees with a cutoff of>90%,no such standardization exists for the ankle.AIM To comprehensively evaluate isokinetic ankle strength profiles in non-athletic individuals.METHODS This is a cross-sectional study.Two hundred ankles were evaluated using the Biodex 3 System to assess eversion,inversion,dorsiflexion,and plantar flexion.Healthy individuals with an active lifestyle and no previous injuries were evaluated.The Maximum Torque,Agonist/Antagonist Ratio,LSI,and Muscular Deficiency Index(MDI)and the correlation with demographic variables were evaluated.RESULTS The mean age(mean±SD)was 38.5±13.5 years,and the body mass index(BMI)was 25.8±4.2 in 69 men and 31 women.The mean maximum torque values by gender were(mean±SD):22.3±6.6 female(F)and 33.4±9.9 male(M)N/m for eversion;30.10±10.0(F)and 37.0±11.6 N/m(M)for inversion,37.4±10.0(F)and 53.6±13.0 N/m(M)for dorsiflexion,and 100.4±37.2(F)and 158.1±33.4(M)N/m for flexion.There was no correlation between age or BMI and maximum torque.The evertors/invertors ratio was 88.8%,and the dorsiflexors/plantar flexors ratio was 36.1%.The MDI and LSI were balanced between sides for every movement,having an average global difference of less than 10%.CONCLUSION These findings provide gender-specific normative isokinetic values for the ankle in healthy,physically active adults.These reference parameters—especially LSI and MDI above 90%—can support clinical decision-making in rehabilitation planning and return-to-sport assessment,offering objective benchmarks for functional recovery.展开更多
The low-temperature plasma （LTP） generated by dielectric barrier discharge （DBD） was used to sterilize the E.coli endotoxin, which is usually difficult to kill by traditional methods. Three different concentration...The low-temperature plasma （LTP） generated by dielectric barrier discharge （DBD） was used to sterilize the E.coli endotoxin, which is usually difficult to kill by traditional methods. Three different concentrations of bacterial endotoxin （1 EU/mL, 0.5 EU/mL and 0.25 EU/mL） were treated by LTP for different time （20 s, 40 s and 60 s）. Tachypleus amebocyte lysate （TAL） method was employed to detect the concentration variation of bacterial endotoxin before and af- ter the plasma treatment, and endotoxic shock mice model was used to evaluate the inactivation effects of LTP on endotoxin for further study. Experimental results demonstrated that, DBD plasma can inactivate the bacterial endotoxin quickly and effectively, and when the LTP treatment time was increased, the concentrations of bacterial endotoxin decreased gradually （after 60 s plasma treatment, its inactivation effect was beyond the Chinese pharmacopoeia standard）, and the average survival time of mice gradually extended. The possible inactivation mechanisms are proposed to be related to reactive oxygen species （ROSs）.展开更多
文摘Graphical abstracts(GAs)are emerging as a pivotal tool in medical literature,enhancing the dissemination and comprehension of complex clinical data through visual summaries.This editorial highlights the significant advantages of GAs,including improved clarity,increased reader engagement,and enhanced visibility of research findings.By transforming intricate scientific data into accessible visual formats,these abstracts facilitate quick and effective knowledge transfer,crucial in clinical decision-making and patient care.However,challenges such as potential data misrepresentation due to oversimplification,the skill gap in graphic design among researchers,and the lack of standardized creation guidelines pose barriers to their widespread adoption.Additionally,while software such as Adobe Illustrator,BioRender,and Canva are commonly employed to create these visuals,not all researchers may be proficient in their use.To address these issues,we recommend that academic journals establish clear guidelines and provide necessary design training to researchers.This proactive approach will ensure the creation of high-quality GAs,promote their standardization,and expand their use in clinical reporting,ultimately benefiting the medical community and improving healthcare outcomes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21977111)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2023A1515011765)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Nos.JCYJ20220818101404010,JCYJ20220818100412028)。
文摘Two thioamino acids and four fiuorinated amino acids were employed to substitute either partially or entirely the Ile_(2),Ser_(3),Ile_(6),and Ser_(7) residues of Leu_(10)-teixobactin to prepare ten analogues and the bioactivity of them was investigated.The SAR studies revealed that Ile_(6) was tolerable for both thioamidation and fiuoridation,while Ser_(7) was identified as the most tolerable site for thioamidation.Analogue 1a demonstrated comparable or slightly improved antibacterial activity,superior protease stability compared to Leu_(10)-teixobactin,while not exhibiting obvious cytotoxicity against mammalian cells.
基金state assignments of Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry,Russian Academy of Sciences(No.124013000692-4 and 122112100037-4).
文摘Lithium iron phosphate(LFP)has found many applications in the field of electric vehicles and energy storage systems.However,the increasing volume of end-of-life LFP batteries poses an urgent challenge in terms of environmental sustainability and resource management.Therefore,the development and implementation of efficient LFP battery recycling methods are crucial to address these challenges.This article presents a novel,comprehensive evaluation framework for comparing different lithium iron phosphate relithiation techniques.The framework includes three main sets of criteria:direct production cost,electrochemical performance,and environmental impact.Each criterion is scored on a scale of 0–100,with higher scores indicating better performance.The direct production cost is rated based on material costs,energy consumption,key equipment costs,process duration and space requirements.Electrochemical performance is assessed by rate capability and cycle stability.Environmental impact is assessed based on CO_(2)emissions.The framework provides a standardized technique for researchers and industry professionals to objectively compare relithiation methods,facilitating the identification of the most promising approaches for further development and scale-up.The total average score across the three criterion groups for electrochemical,chemical,and hydrothermal relithiation methods was approximately 60 points,while sintering scored 39 points,making it the least attractive relithiation technique.Combining approaches outlined in publications with scores exceeding 60,a relithiation scheme was proposed to achieve optimal electrochemical performance with minimal resource consumption and environmental impact.The results demonstrate the framework’s applicability and highlight areas for future research and optimization in lithium iron phosphate cathode recycling.
文摘Stromal vascular fraction(SVF)therapy is a promising regenerative medicine strategy derived from adipose tissue,containing a heterogeneous mix of cells,including adipose-derived stem,endothelial,and immune cells.Despite its potential in treating conditions like osteoarthritis,chronic wounds,and myo-cardial ischemia,significant challenges impede its clinical translation.Key obstacles include biological variability in SVF composition,unclear mechanisms of action,regulatory ambiguities,and the technical difficulty of ensuring stan-dardized and scalable isolation methods.Furthermore,patient-specific factors,ethical concerns,and the need for comprehensive efficacy assessment complicate clinical application.Addressing these challenges requires advancements in technology,regulatory flexibility,interdisciplinary collaboration,and person-alized therapeutic approaches.Innovations such as automated isolation systems,advanced biomaterials,and CRISPR-based gene editing are potential solutions to improve the therapeutic reliability of SVF.A structured roadmap,including preclinical research,regulatory approval,and post-market surveillance,is proposed to advance SVF therapies from the laboratory to clinical practice.Future directions should focus on large-scale clinical trials,biomarker development,real-world evidence generation,and standardization of protocols to enhance the safety,efficacy,and accessibility of SVF,ultimately realizing its potential as a versatile therapeutic in regenerative medicine.
文摘BACKGROUND In intertrochanteric fractures,the positive medial cortex support reduction is considered to provide a non-anatomical buttress that helps in controlled collapse.AIM To analyze the concept of medial cortical reduction(MCR)and its clinical and radiological association in geriatric intertrochanteric femur fractures.METHODS Geriatric patients who presented with AO/OTA 31A1 and 31A2 femur fractures and treated with proximal femoral nailing between July 2021 and June 2023 were include in this prospective cohort study.Based on the degree of MCR,they were divided into positive,neutral,or negative MCR groups.The demographic baseline characteristics,postoperative radiographic femoral neck-shaft angle and neck length were analyzed at 6,12 and 24 weeks post-surgery.Functional outcomes such as modified Harris Hip Score(HHS)and time to full-weight bearing were also analyzed.RESULTS 47 patients(Male:Famale 35:12)with mean age of 65.8±4.2 years were included in this study.Twenty-two cases had neutral support,nine had negative support,and sixteen had positive support in the medial cortex postoperatively.Baseline characteristics of the three groups were comparable.No significant differences were found in the femur neck length and femur neck-shaft angle changes post-surgery between the groups.The modified HHS was not found to be significant between the groups(P=0.883)as that of the time to full weight bearing(P=0.789).CONCLUSION The type of reduction achieved based on medial cortical alignment does not affect the femur neck length shortening or varus collapse.Future randomized controlled trials are needed to validate the findings noted in the study.
文摘BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis(OA)of the knee is a prevalent degenerative joint disease that significantly impairs quality of life and functional mobility.Emerging regenerative therapies,such as stromal vascular fraction(SVF)and nanofat,have demonstrated potential in cartilage repair and symptom alleviation.However,comparative clinical evidence evaluating their efficacy and safety remains limited.AIM To compare the clinical outcomes of SVF vs nanofat therapy in patients with primary knee OA.METHODS Conducted at Mother Cell Regenerative Centre,Trichy,over 18 months(June 2025 to December 2026),the study will enroll 30 patients,randomly assigned to two groups of 15 each.Both interventions will be administered as a single intra-articular injection under sterile conditions,with cell viability(>85%)confirmed by a standardized assay.Group A will receive autologous SVF injections,while Group B will receive autologous nanofat injections.The primary outcome measure is the change in pain scores at 12 months using the visual analog scale(VAS).Secondary outcomes include functional improvement assessed by Osteoarthritis Outcome Score(KOOS),Western Ontario and McMaster Universities(WOMAC),and International Knee Documentation Committee(IKDC)scores,cartilage regeneration evaluated via magnetic resonance imaging with colour coded mapping of the cartilage volume(MR cartigram),and monitoring of adverse events.RESULTS This study aims to evaluate pain reduction at 12 months post-injection,using the VAS as the primary outcome.Secondary outcomes include functional improvement(KOOS,WOMAC,IKDC),cartilage regeneration(T2 cartigram),adverse event incidence,patient satisfaction(standardized questionnaires,Likert scale),and quality of life(EQ-5D).Ethical considerations follow the Declaration of Helsinki and Good Clinical Practice,with IRB approval and participant informed consent ensured.Confidentiality and data security comply with regulations,and a Data Safety Monitoring Board oversees trial safety.Results will be shared via peer-reviewed journals,presentations at international orthopedic conferences,and detailed summaries for stakeholders and participants.The trial is registered under CTRI/2024/03/064076.Findings emphasize patient-centered advancements in knee osteoarthritis management.CONCLUSION This trial evaluates the efficacy and safety of SVF and nanofat therapies in knee OA,addressing a significant evidence gap.It employs robust methods to enhance cartilage repair and patient quality of life.Future research should standardize dosages,protocols,and injection techniques,explore autologous/allogenic preparations,and advance radiological tools,broadening accessibility and clinical applications.
文摘BACKGROUND Low back pain is a major cause of disability worldwide,with intervertebral disc degeneration contributing to nearly 40%of cases.Conventional treatments focus on symptom relief without addressing the underlying degeneration.Platelet-rich plasma(PRP),a regenerative therapy rich in growth factors,offers potential therapeutic benefits through growth factor-mediated mechanisms,though clinical evidence is limited.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of intradiscal autologous PRP injection in reducing pain and improving function in patients with chronic lumbar disc prolapse.METHODS This pilot quasi-experimental study was conducted in tertiary care centre between July 2022 and June 2024.The study involved comparing the outcomes between group A(n=17)who failed to respond to conservative treatment measures and received intradiscal PRP injection with group B(n=22)who responded to conservative treatment.Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)and Functional Rating Index(FRI)scores were recorded at baseline,3 weeks,and 6 weeks for both the groups.RESULTS Forty patients were enrolled in the study.The PRP group demonstrated significant improvement in VAS and FRI scores compared to baseline.While both groups improved from their respective baselines,direct between-group comparisons are limited by baseline differences in symptom severity.Patients who failed conservative trial showed significant improvement following PRP intervention,with outcomes approaching those observed in physiotherapy responders.CONCLUSION Intradiscal PRP injection significantly improved pain and function in patients with lumbar disc disease,with clinical improvements that approached the level observed in physiotherapy responders,despite baseline differences in symptom severity.PRP shows promise as an effective treatment for lumbar disc pathology;however,these preliminary findings are limited by the small sample size and short follow-up,warranting larger trials with long-term evaluation.
文摘BACKGROUND Orthopedic training,one of the most useful but under-represented specialties in undergraduate medical curricula,has some difficulties in clinical teaching.AIM To determine if simulation-based learning(SBL)was effective in enhancing procedural accuracy,skill confidence,and knowledge recall in final-year medical students.METHODS This was a cross-sectional observational study performed in the Department of Orthopaedics in a tertiary care teaching hospital with simulation training facilities.The trial was conducted over 2 months(January 2025-February 2025)and was designed to determine the effect of SBL on procedural skills,knowledge retention,and self-perceived confidence in a group of final-year medical students.The inclusion criterion was undergraduate medical students in their final year who had clinical postings in orthopedics.Convenience sampling was used to recruit 106 students.The sample size was estimated to achieve a post-training 50%improvement ratio in procedural accuracy,a confidence interval of 95%,and an absolute precision of 10%.The simulation sessions included exercises with synthetic bone models,cast equipment,and procedural packs[orthopedic skills:(1)Closed fracture reduction;(2)Application of plaster;and(3)Traction].Each session consisted of an instructor-led demonstration,practice under supervision,and immediate feedback.RESULTS In our study involving 106 final-year medical students,SBL significantly improved procedural accuracy with scores rising from 62.5%to 84.9%(P<0.001).Knowledge retention also improved markedly with post-test scores increasing from 63.4%to 78.2%(P<0.001).Self-reported confidence levels showed a substantial gain,increasing from 4.6 to 8.2 on a 10-point scale.Prior simulation exposure and academic performance≥75%were significantly associated with higher post-training accuracy.Gender had no significant influence on outcomes.CONCLUSION The current study attested to the value of SBL in the enhancement of procedural skills,knowledge retention,and self-confidence of final-year medical students in orthopedics.
文摘In regenerative medicine,the isolation of mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs)from the adipose tissue’s stromal vascular fraction(SVF)is a critical area of study.Our review meticulously examines the isolation process of MSCs,starting with the extraction of adipose tissue.The choice of liposuction technique,anatomical site,and immediate processing are essential to maintain cell functionality.We delve into the intricacies of enzymatic digestion,emphasizing the fine-tuning of enzyme concentrations to maximize cell yield while preventing harm.The review then outlines the filtration and centrifugation techniques necessary for isolating a purified SVF,alongside cell viability assessments like flow cytometry,which are vital for confirming the efficacy of the isolated MSCs.We discuss the advantages and drawbacks of using autologous vs allogeneic SVF sources,touching upon immunocompatibility and logistical considerations,as well as the variability inherent in donor-derived cells.Anesthesia choices,the selection between hypo-dermic needles vs liposuction cannulas,and the role of adipose tissue lysers in achieving cellular dissociation are evaluated for their impact on SVF isolation.Centrifugation protocols are also analyzed for their part in ensuring the integrity of the SVF.The necessity for standardized MSC isolation protocols is highlighted,promoting reproducibility and successful clinical application.We encourage ongoing research to deepen the understanding of MSC biology and therapeutic action,aiming to further the field of regenerative medicine.The review concludes with a call for rigorous research,interdisciplinary collaboration,and strict adherence to ethical and regulatory standards to safeguard patient safety and optimize treatment outcomes with MSCs.
基金supported by Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(Grant No.GZB20240816)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2024M753474)+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.72404267)National Social Science Fund(Grant No.23BGLI88)National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFC0405805–04)Major program of the National Social Science Fund(Grant No.19ZDA084).
文摘Urbanization develops with the goal of establishing improved and more sustainable habitats for residents.Environmental and social performance must be simultaneously monitored to ascertain whether regions are progressing towards or deviating from the safe and just space(SJS)in urbanization.Despite relevant studies,the absence of indicators that bridge ecological preservation and human well-beings renders dual monitoring challenging.This study bridged the gap by exploring the interactions between urbanization,ecosystem services(ESs),and basic water,energy,and food(WEF)needs within the SJS framework across China and its provinces.By quantifying the minimum and actual demands for freshwater withdrawal,carbon emissions,phosphorus emissions,and land use,as well as the supply of ESs into unified biophysical indicators,we found that:(1)China can meet the basic WEF needs for all from 2000 to 2020,but only water and land provisioning ESs can operate within the SJS.Carbon emissions surpassed the sequestration capacity in 2010,while phosphorus purification ES has consistently been unsafe.(2)The SJS performance in terms of ecological and social fulfilment exhibited scale differences and undergone changes with urbanization.Overall,no province in China can consistently operate within all SJSs.(3)In the process of urbanization,improvements in ecological protection and production practices in most provinces expanded the size of SJS,but the continuous increase in total demand failed to steer regions toward safer spaces.Our framework emphasized the common but differentiated pathways that regions at varying stages of urbanization navigate to achieve safety and justice.It also provides an applicable solution for regions aiming to pursue urban growth while maintaining ecological conservation and social justice,ultimately achieving sustainable development.
基金supported by Scientific Research Projects of China Association of Metros(CAMET-KY-2022039)State Key Laboratory of Traction and Control System of EMU and Locomotive(2023YJ386).
文摘Purpose–This study aims to propose a cooperative adhesion control method for trains with multiple motors electric locomotives.The method is intended to optimize the output torque of each motor,maximize the utilization of train adhesion within the total torque command,reduce the train skidding/sliding phenomenon and achieve optimal adhesion utilization for each axle,thus realizing the optimal allocation of the multi-motor electric locomotives.Design/methodology/approach–In this study,a model predictive control(MPC)-based cooperative maximum adhesion tracking control method for multi-motor electric locomotives is presented.Firstly,train traction system with multiple motors is constructed in accordance with Newton’s second law.These equations include the train dynamics equations,the axle dynamics equations,and the wheel-rail adhesion coefficient equations.Then,a new MPC-based multi-axle adhesion co-optimization method is put forward.This method calculates the optimal output torque through real-time iteration based on the known reference slip speed to achieve multi-axle co-optimization under different circumstances.Findings–This paper presents a MPC system designed for the cooperative control of multi-axle adhesion.The results indicate that the proposed control system is able to optimize the adhesion of multiple axles under numerous different conditions and achieve the optimal power distribution based on the reduction of train skidding/sliding.Originality/value–This study presents a novel cooperative adhesion tracking control scheme.It is designed for multi-motor electric locomotives,which has rarely been studied before.And simulations are carried out in different conditions,including variable surfaces and motor failing.
文摘Knee osteoarthritis(OA)is a debilitating condition with limited long-term treatment options.The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs),particularly those derived from bone marrow aspirate concentrate,has garnered attention for cartilage repair in OA.While the iliac crest is the traditional site for bone marrow harvesting(BMH),associated morbidity has prompted the exploration of alternative sites such as the proximal tibia,distal femur,and proximal humerus.This paper reviews the impact of different harvesting sites on mesenchymal stem cell(MSC)yield,viability,and regenerative potential,emphasizing their relevance in knee OA treatment.The iliac crest consistently offers the highest MSC yield,but alternative sites within the surgical field of knee procedures offer comparable MSC characteristics with reduced morbidity.The integration of harvesting techniques into existing knee surgeries,such as total knee arthroplasty,provides a less invasive approach while maintaining thera-peutic efficacy.However,variability in MSC yield from these alternative sites underscores the need for further research to standardize techniques and optimize clinical outcomes.Future directions include large-scale comparative studies,advanced characterization of MSCs,and the development of personalized harvesting strategies.Ultimately,the findings suggest that optimizing the site of BMH can significantly influence the quality of MSC-based therapies for knee OA,enhancing their clinical utility and patient outcomes.
文摘The critical role of patient-reported outcome measures(PROMs)in enhancing clinical decision-making and promoting patient-centered care has gained a profound significance in scientific research.PROMs encapsulate a patient's health status directly from their perspective,encompassing various domains such as symptom severity,functional status,and overall quality of life.By integrating PROMs into routine clinical practice and research,healthcare providers can achieve a more nuanced understanding of patient experiences and tailor treatments accordingly.The deployment of PROMs supports dynamic patient-provider interactions,fostering better patient engagement and adherence to tre-atment plans.Moreover,PROMs are pivotal in clinical settings for monitoring disease progression and treatment efficacy,particularly in chronic and mental health conditions.However,challenges in implementing PROMs include data collection and management,integration into existing health systems,and acceptance by patients and providers.Overcoming these barriers necessitates technological advancements,policy development,and continuous education to enhance the acceptability and effectiveness of PROMs.The paper concludes with recommendations for future research and policy-making aimed at optimizing the use and impact of PROMs across healthcare settings.
文摘In the intricate landscape of healthcare,vicarious liability looms large,shaping the responsibilities and actions of healthcare practitioners and administrators alike.Illustrated by a poignant scenario of a medication error,this article navigates the complexities of vicarious liability in healthcare.It explains the legal basis and ramifications of this theory,emphasizing its importance in fostering responsibility,protecting patient welfare,and easing access to justice.The paper explores the practical effects of vicarious responsibility on day-to-day operations,leadership practices,and decision-making processes via the eyes of senior consultants,junior doctors,and hospital administrators.Through comprehensive insights and real-world examples,it underscores the imperative of fostering a culture of accountability,communication,and quality care to navigate the intricate web of liabilities inherent in modern healthcare.
文摘The intricate interplay between natural compounds like curcumin and the gut microbiome has gained significant attention in recent years due to their potential therapeutic implications in various health conditions.Curcumin,a polyphenolic compound derived from turmeric,exhibits diverse pharmacological properties,including anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,and anticancer effects.Understanding how curcumin modulates gut microbiota composition and function is crucial for elucidating its therapeutic mechanisms.This review examines the current literature on the interactions between curcumin and the gut microbiome.A systematic search of relevant databases was conducted to identify studies investigating the effects of curcumin on gut microbial diversity and abundance.Key findings from studies exploring curcumin's efficacy in neurological disorders,gastrointestinal diseases,and metabolic dysfunction are synthesized and discussed.Studies have demonstrated that curcumin supplementation can modulate gut microbiota composition and function,leading to beneficial effects on gut health and homeostasis.Mechanisms underlying curcumin's therapeutic effects include immune modulation,neuroprotection,and inflammation regulation.However,challenges such as poor bioavailability and safety concerns remain significant hurdles to overcome.The interactions between curcumin and the gut microbiome hold promise for therapeutic interventions in a diverse range of health conditions.Further research is needed to optimize curcumin formulations,improve bioavailability,and address safety concerns.
文摘The minimal clinically important difference(MCID)represents a pivotal metric in bridging the gap between statistical significance and clinical relevance,addressing the direct impact of medical interventions from the patient's perspective.This comprehensive review analyzes the evolution,applications,and challenges of MCID across medical specialties,emphasizing its necessity in ensuring that clinical outcomes not only demonstrate statistical significance but also offer genuine clinical utility that aligns with patient expectations and needs.We discuss the evolution of MCID since its inception in the 1980s,its current applications across various medical specialties,and the methodologies used in its calculation,highlighting both anchor-based and distribution-based approaches.Furthermore,the paper delves into the challenges associated with the application of MCID,such as methodological variability and the interpretation difficulties that arise in clinical settings.Recommendations for the future include standardizing MCID calculation methods,enhancing patient involvement in setting MCID thresholds,and extending research to incorporate diverse global perspectives.These steps are critical to refining the role of MCID in patient-centered healthcare,addressing existing gaps in methodology and interpretation,and ensuring that medical interventions lead to significant,patient-perceived improvements.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32072363 and 32360648).
文摘Rice false smut(RFS),caused by the ascomycete fungus Ustilaginoidea virens(Cooke)Takahashi,is a notable panicle disease of rice.Mycoviruses represent a category of viruses capable of infecting various fungal groups,garnering interest for their potential application in the biological control of plant fungal diseases.We identified a novel positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus,named Ustilaginoidea virens mitovirus 1(UvMV1),from an abnormal U.virens strain Uv488.The complete genome sequence of UvMV1 is 2474 nt in length and contains a large open reading frame encoding RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.UvMV1 is classified as a new member of the genus Unuamitovirus in the family Mitoviridae based on phylogenetic analysis.It is effectively transmitted vertically through conidia of strain Uv488 and horizontally through hyphal fusion between vegetatively compatible individuals with an 80%transmission efficiency.We further demonstrated that UvMV1 significantly influenced conidiation,colony morphology,growth rate,secondary metabolite production,and the response to environmental stress in U.virens.Furthermore,qRT-PCR results aimed at detecting the expression levels of autophagy-related genes suggested that UvMV1 infection had the potential to induce autophagy in U.virens.Activation or inhibition of autophagy through chemical experiments demonstrated that UvMV1 enhances viral titers by inducing autophagy in U.virens,while inhibition of autophagy results in decreased UvMV1 titers.Transcriptome analyses consistently demonstrated that UvMV1 regulated the expression of genes associated with secondary metabolism,mycelial growth,virulence,and the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway,thereby influencing both the antiviral response and the virulence of U.virens.The data presented collectively identified a novel mycovirus responsible for inducing growth abnormalities in U.virens,and elucidated the regulatory mechanisms during mycovirus-host fungus interactions,particularly the autophagy pathway.These findings offer new perspectives and potential control strategies for managing RFS in agricultural settings.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFF0612601)the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(No.2023C02038)+2 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Ningbo(No.2022Z178)China Construction Technology Research and Development Project(No.CSCEC-2021-Z-5)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LQ23B010003)
文摘High-concentration single-atom doping remains a formidable challenge due to the propensity for single atoms to form clusters or aggregate at elevated concentrations.Herein,high-concentration (10.8 wt%) Zn singleatom-doped porous tubular g-C_(3)N_(4)(ZCN) was successfully obtained via a template-free,one-step calcination method,exhibiting excellent photocatalytic performance.The confinement of the pore walls suppresses the Zn atom'smigration and aggregation,enhancing the Zn single-atom stability.ZCN exhibited excellent photodegradation performance against tetracycline with outstanding stability.Moreover,ZCN displayed remarkable sterilization performance,achieving a 100%inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus within 90 min of visible-light exposure.Density functional theory calculations demonstrated that the Zn single-atom sites act as pivotal photocatalytic active sites,with the presence of Zn single atoms notably augmenting charge separation efficiency.This work provides a novel approach for managing photocatalytic efficiency through enlarging single-atom doping,offering an avenue for pollutant photodegradation and sterilization.
文摘BACKGROUND Ankle normative values are limited compared to isokinetic knee assessments.Chronic ankle instability correlates with agonist-antagonist imbalances,decreased evertor/invertor ratio,and plantar flexion deficits.Strengthening programs targeting evertor/invertor and dorsiflexor/plantar flexor balance help reduce injury recurrence.Bilateral neuromuscular deficits compromise the contralateral side,rendering healthy limbs unsuitable as recovery references.Defining normative healthy ankle parameters is crucial for establishing precise limits in nonsurgical treatments and sports return criteria.While the limb symmetry index(LSI)is used for knees with a cutoff of>90%,no such standardization exists for the ankle.AIM To comprehensively evaluate isokinetic ankle strength profiles in non-athletic individuals.METHODS This is a cross-sectional study.Two hundred ankles were evaluated using the Biodex 3 System to assess eversion,inversion,dorsiflexion,and plantar flexion.Healthy individuals with an active lifestyle and no previous injuries were evaluated.The Maximum Torque,Agonist/Antagonist Ratio,LSI,and Muscular Deficiency Index(MDI)and the correlation with demographic variables were evaluated.RESULTS The mean age(mean±SD)was 38.5±13.5 years,and the body mass index(BMI)was 25.8±4.2 in 69 men and 31 women.The mean maximum torque values by gender were(mean±SD):22.3±6.6 female(F)and 33.4±9.9 male(M)N/m for eversion;30.10±10.0(F)and 37.0±11.6 N/m(M)for inversion,37.4±10.0(F)and 53.6±13.0 N/m(M)for dorsiflexion,and 100.4±37.2(F)and 158.1±33.4(M)N/m for flexion.There was no correlation between age or BMI and maximum torque.The evertors/invertors ratio was 88.8%,and the dorsiflexors/plantar flexors ratio was 36.1%.The MDI and LSI were balanced between sides for every movement,having an average global difference of less than 10%.CONCLUSION These findings provide gender-specific normative isokinetic values for the ankle in healthy,physically active adults.These reference parameters—especially LSI and MDI above 90%—can support clinical decision-making in rehabilitation planning and return-to-sport assessment,offering objective benchmarks for functional recovery.
基金supported in part by China Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation(No.200338)Shaanxi Province Science and Technology Program(No.2010K16-04)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Nos.2009xjtujc18,xjj20100160)Guanghua Foundation for Medicine Innovation Research of China(No.0203419)
文摘The low-temperature plasma （LTP） generated by dielectric barrier discharge （DBD） was used to sterilize the E.coli endotoxin, which is usually difficult to kill by traditional methods. Three different concentrations of bacterial endotoxin （1 EU/mL, 0.5 EU/mL and 0.25 EU/mL） were treated by LTP for different time （20 s, 40 s and 60 s）. Tachypleus amebocyte lysate （TAL） method was employed to detect the concentration variation of bacterial endotoxin before and af- ter the plasma treatment, and endotoxic shock mice model was used to evaluate the inactivation effects of LTP on endotoxin for further study. Experimental results demonstrated that, DBD plasma can inactivate the bacterial endotoxin quickly and effectively, and when the LTP treatment time was increased, the concentrations of bacterial endotoxin decreased gradually （after 60 s plasma treatment, its inactivation effect was beyond the Chinese pharmacopoeia standard）, and the average survival time of mice gradually extended. The possible inactivation mechanisms are proposed to be related to reactive oxygen species （ROSs）.
