Objective:To identify key factors influencing cognitive function in the elderly,including traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitutional classification,and to rank their relative importance.Methods:We used cross-sect...Objective:To identify key factors influencing cognitive function in the elderly,including traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitutional classification,and to rank their relative importance.Methods:We used cross-sectional data from seven geographical regions across Chinese mainland.The Changsha version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment was used to assess cognitive function.A“least absolute shrinkage and selection operator”(LASSO)model,multivariate linear regression analysis,and random forest(RF)model were used.Subgroup analyses were performed to examine the correlation between key TCM constitution types and cognitive function in different population subgroups.Results:A total of 24803 individuals aged 60 and above were included in the study.We selected 18 influential factors using the LASSO model.Higher education,being married,and having insurance were positively correlated with cognitive function in the elderly(all P<0.05).In contrast,poor sleep,vision impairment,hearing impairment,basic activities of daily living disability,instrumental activities of daily living disability,depression,hypertension,coronary heart disease,diabetes,stroke,yang-deficiency constitution(YADC),yin-deficiency constitution(YIDC),qi deficiency constitution(QDC),and blood stasis constitution(BSC)were negatively correlated with cognitive function(all P<0.05).YIDC and BSC affected all dimensions of cognitive function(all P<0.05).YADC mainly affected attention,language,abstraction(verbal analogies),memory,and orientation to time and place dimensions(P<0.001).QDC mainly affected language and abstraction(verbal analogies)dimensions(P<0.05).The negative correlations between BSC,YADC,YIDC,and QDC scores and cognitive function revealed statistically significant dif-ferences across most subgroups.The RF model identified education,BSC,and poor sleep quality as the three most influential factors in our study.Conclusion:BSC,YADC,YIDC,and QDC were associated with cognitive decline in the elderly.Our findings provide new perspectives and significant references for interventions for early-stage cognitive disorders.展开更多
Background: Previously, we showed that targeted disruption of viral receptor genes in avian leukosis virus(ALV)subgroups using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protei...Background: Previously, we showed that targeted disruption of viral receptor genes in avian leukosis virus(ALV)subgroups using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9(Cas9))-based genome editing confers resistance to ALV subgroups B and J. Here, we used the same strategy to target the receptor expressed by ALV subgroup A(TVA) and generate chicken cells resistant to infection by this virus.Results: CRISPR/Cas9-based disruption of exon 2 within the tva gene of DF-1 fibroblasts conferred resistance to infection by ALV subgroup A regardless of whether frameshift mutations were introduced during editing. Conversely,overexpression of the wild-type TVA receptor(wtTVA) by tva-modified DF-1 clones restored susceptibility to ALV subgroup A. The results confirm that exon 2, which contains the low-density lipoprotein receptor class A domain of TVA, is critical for virus entry. Furthermore, we sequentially modified DF-1 cells by editing the tva, tvb, and Na^+/H^+ exchange 1(chNHE1) genes, which are the specific receptors for ALV subgroups A, B, and J, respectively.Conclusions: Simultaneous editing of multiple receptors to block infection by different subgroups of ALV confirmed that ALV subgroups A, B, and J do not share host receptors. This strategy could be used to generate cells resistant to multiple viral pathogens that use distinct receptors for cell entry.展开更多
Adiponectin(APN), an adipokine produced by adipocytes, has been shown to have a critical role in the pathogenesis of obesityassociated malignancies. Through its receptor interactions, APN may exert its anti-carcinogen...Adiponectin(APN), an adipokine produced by adipocytes, has been shown to have a critical role in the pathogenesis of obesityassociated malignancies. Through its receptor interactions, APN may exert its anti-carcinogenic effects including regulating cell survival, apoptosis and metastasis via a plethora of signalling pathways. Despite the strong evidence supporting this notion, some work may indicate otherwise. Our review addresses all controversies critically. On the whole, hypoadiponectinaemia is associated with increased risk of several malignancies and poor prognosis. In addition, various genetic polymorphisms may predispose individuals to increased risk of obesity-associated malignancies. We also provide an updated summary on therapeutic interventions to increase APN levels that are of key interest in this field. To date efforts to manipulate APN levels have been promising, but much work remains to be done.展开更多
Background: Primary and secondary liver tumors are not always amenable to resection due to location and size. Inadequate future liver remnant(FLR) may prevent patients from having a curative resection or may result in...Background: Primary and secondary liver tumors are not always amenable to resection due to location and size. Inadequate future liver remnant(FLR) may prevent patients from having a curative resection or may result in increased postoperative morbidity and mortality from complications related to small-forsize syndrome(SFSS). Data sources: This comprehensive review analyzed the principles, mechanism and risk factors associated with SFSS and presented current available options in the evaluation of FLR when planning liver surgery. In addition, it provided a detailed description of specifc modalities that can be used before, during or after surgery, in order to optimize the conditions for a safe resection and minimize the risk of SFSS. Results: Several methods which aim to reduce tumor burden, preserve healthy liver parenchyma, induce hypertrophy of FLR or prevent postoperative complications help minimize the risk of SFSS. Conclusions: With those techniques the indications of radical treatment for patients with liver tumors have signifcantly expanded. The successful outcome depends on appropriate patient selection, the individualization and modifcation of interventions and the right timing of surgery.展开更多
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus 2 is a major global health issue and is driving the need for new therapeutics.The surface spike protein,which plays a central role in virus infection,is current...Severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus 2 is a major global health issue and is driving the need for new therapeutics.The surface spike protein,which plays a central role in virus infection,is currently the target for vaccines and neutralizing treatments.The emergence of novel variants with multiple mutations in the spike protein may reduce the effectiveness of neutralizing antibodies by altering the binding activity of the protein with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2).To understand the impact of spike protein mutations on the binding interactions required for virus infection and the effectiveness of neutralizing monoclonal antibody(mAb)therapies,the binding activities of the original spike protein receptor binding domain(RBD)sequence and the reported spike protein variants were investigated using surface plasmon resonance.In addition,the interactions of the ACE2 receptor,an antispike mAb(mAb1),a neutralizing mAb(mAb2),the original spike RBD sequence,and mutants D614G,N501Y,N439K,Y453F,and E484K were assessed.Compared to the original RBD,the Y453F and N501Y mutants displayed a significant increase in ACE2 binding affinity,whereas D614G had a substantial reduction in binding affinity.All mAb-RBD mutant proteins displayed a reduction in binding affinities relative to the original RBD,except for the E484K-mAb1 interaction.The potential neutralizing capability of mAb1 and mAb2 was investigated.Accordingly,mAb1 failed to inhibit the ACE2-RBD interaction while mAb2 inhibited the ACE2-RBD interactions for all RBD mutants,except mutant E484K,which only displayed partial blocking.展开更多
While lithium resources are scarce for high energy-dense lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),serving as an alternative,inherently suffer from low capacity and the high-cost use of non-graphite anode...While lithium resources are scarce for high energy-dense lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),serving as an alternative,inherently suffer from low capacity and the high-cost use of non-graphite anodes.Combining Li-and Na-ions within a single battery system is expected to mitigate the shortcomings of both systems while leveraging their respective advantages.In this study,we developed and assembled a nanodiamonds(NDs)-assisted co-Li/Na-ion battery(ND–LSIB).This innovative battery system comprised a commercial graphite anode,an ND-modified polypropylene(DPP)separator,a hybrid lithium/sodium-based electrolyte,and a cathode.It is theoretically and experimentally demonstrated that the ND/Li co-insertion can serve as an ion-drill opening graphite layers and reconstructing graphite anodes into few-layered graphene with expanding interlayer space,achieving highly efficient Li/Na storage and the theoretical maximum of LiC_(6)for Li storage in graphite.In addition,ND is helpful for creating a LiF-/NaF-rich hybrid solid electrolyte interface with improved ionic mobility,mechanical strength,and reversibility.Consequently,ND–LSIBs have higher specific capacities~1.4 times the theoretical value of LIBs and show long-term cycling stability.This study proposes and realizes the concept of Li/Na co-storage in one ion battery with compatible high-performance,cost-effectiveness,and industrial prospects.展开更多
Background:Our understanding of any impacts of swans on other waterbirds(including other swans),and potential effects on waterbird community structure,remain limited by a paucity of fundamental behavioural and ecologi...Background:Our understanding of any impacts of swans on other waterbirds(including other swans),and potential effects on waterbird community structure,remain limited by a paucity of fundamental behavioural and ecological data,including which species swans interact aggressively with and how frequently such interactions occur.Methods:Behavioural observations of aggression by swans and other waterbirds in winters 2018/2019 and 2019/2020,were carried out via live-streaming webcams at two wintering sites in the UK.All occurrence sampling was used to identify all aggressive interactions between conspecific or heterospecifics individuals,whilst focal observations were used to record the total time spent by swans on aggressive interactions with other swans.Binomial tests were then used to assess whether the proportion of intraspecific aggressive interactions of each species differed from 0.5(which would indicate equal numbers of intraspecific and interspecific interactions).Zero-inflated generalized linear mixed effects models(ZIGLMMs)were used to assess between-individual variation in the total time spent by swans on aggressive interactions with other swans.Results:All three swan species were most frequently aggressive towards,and received most aggression from,their conspecifics.Our 10-min focal observations showed that Whooper(Cygnus cygnus)and Bewick’s Swans(C.columbianus bewickii)spent 13.8±4.7 s(means±95%CI)and 1.4±0.3 s,respectively,on aggression with other swans.These durations were equivalent to 2.3%and 0.2%of the Whooper and Bewick’s Swan time-activity budgets,respectively.Model selection indicated that the time spent in aggressive interactions with other swans was best-explained by the number of other swans present for Whooper Swans,and an interactive effect of time of day and winter of observation for Bewick’s Swans.However,the relationship between swan numbers and Whooper Swan aggression times was not strong(R2=19.3%).Conclusions:Whilst swans do exhibit some aggression towards smaller waterbirds,the majority of aggression by swans is directed towards other swans.Aggression focused on conspecifics likely reflects greater overlap in resource use,and hence higher potential for competition,between individuals of the same species.Our study provides an example of how questions relating to avian behaviour can be addressed using methods of remote data collection such as live-streaming webcams.展开更多
Bibliographic analysis is still very rarely used in experimental basic study papers.The comprehensive bibliometric analysis of scientific literature on research progress and challenges in stem cell therapy for diabeti...Bibliographic analysis is still very rarely used in experimental basic study papers.The comprehensive bibliometric analysis of scientific literature on research progress and challenges in stem cell therapy for diabetic chronic wounds,which was conducted in the work of Shi et al can be a case study and a source of valuable information for writing reviews and experimental papers in this field.Basic experimental studies on a role of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)in wound healing that are published in 2023-2024,such as Zhang et al in 2023,Hu et al in 2023,Wang et al in 2023 are certainly also subjects for applying this powerful tool to analyze current research,challenges and perspectives in this field.This is due to the fact that these studies have addressed a great variety of aspects of the application of MSCs for the treatment of chronic wounds,such as using both the cells themselves and their various products:Sponges,hydrogels,exosomes,and genetic constructions.Such a wide variety of directions in the field of study and biomedical application of MSCs requires a deep understanding of the current state of research in this area,which can be provided by bibliometric analysis.Thus,the use of such elements of bibliographic analysis as publication count by year and analysis of top-10 keywords calculated independently or cited from bibliometric analysis studies can be safely recommended for every basic study manuscripts,primarily for the“Introduction”section,and review.展开更多
As the protected areas of land and coastal environment, nature reserves are designed to address how to reconcile the conservation of biodiversity, the quest for economic and social development and the maintenance of c...As the protected areas of land and coastal environment, nature reserves are designed to address how to reconcile the conservation of biodiversity, the quest for economic and social development and the maintenance of cultural values. This paper establishes a framework for nature reserve development that seeks to incorporate ecotourism into its strategies. The overall purpose was to identify the information needs required for a comprehensive nature reserve that incorporates ecotourism related values. It also illustrates the utility of this framework in the context of the Wuzhishan Mountain Region of China. A literature review, the first phase of a visionary strategy and a subsequent gap analysis for available management information were undertaken in order to achieve this paper＇s purpose. Finally, recommendations axe pre-sented for integrating ecotourism into nature reserve development in the Wuzhishan Mountain Region.展开更多
In this case report, we present the occlusion of multiple coronary artery fistulaes originating from proximal left anterior descending （LAD） and fight sinus valsavla and empting to the pulmonary artery at the same p...In this case report, we present the occlusion of multiple coronary artery fistulaes originating from proximal left anterior descending （LAD） and fight sinus valsavla and empting to the pulmonary artery at the same place. We occluded LAD fistulae by using thrombus aspira- tion catheter as a delivery guide. To the best of our knowlege, this is the first case of occlusion of coronary fistulaes with the help of throm- bus aspiration catheter. Our experience may suggest that thrombus aspiration catheters can be used in treating coronary artery fistulaes with difficult anotomv.展开更多
Bitumen emulsion sprays have an important part to play in the achievement of durable,efficient road pavement construction.Clearly,spraying of bond coats or tack coats at the interface of the bound layers should improv...Bitumen emulsion sprays have an important part to play in the achievement of durable,efficient road pavement construction.Clearly,spraying of bond coats or tack coats at the interface of the bound layers should improve the likelihood of full bond and of resistance to the entry of water through the layers,both of which are needed to meet the design objectives and for the pavement to continue to function properly.BS 594987 recommends bond coats,which are typically polymer modified bitumen emulsion,as best practice and their use is prevalent for the whole range of paved areas in the UK.Recent work examines the effect of different rates of spread of bitumen emulsion sprays on interlayer adhesion and permeability,and attempts to ascertain whether there are optimum quantities to obtain the desired effects.展开更多
As a main pro-inflammatory factor, the up-regulation of TNF-α in RA patients plays a pivotal role in RA pathogenesis. The process of TNF production starts with the binding of a ligand( which is commonly a microbial p...As a main pro-inflammatory factor, the up-regulation of TNF-α in RA patients plays a pivotal role in RA pathogenesis. The process of TNF production starts with the binding of a ligand( which is commonly a microbial product) to a cell surface Toll receptor, which stimulates a signal transduction pathway that activates NF - κB transcription factors. Activated NF - κB enters nuclei and induces the transcription of genes associated with inflammation, including those coding for TNF. The production of TNF and other inflammatory cytokines serves to recruit other inflammatory cells, which in turn release cytokines and subsequently amplify the immune response. TNF exerts its effect via binding of TNFRland TNFR2 receptors. Many experimental and clinical study have proved the effectiveness of TNF - αa ctivity blockade. Recent therapeutic interventions, including TNF - α and IL - 1 inhibitors, strongly support the importance of cytokines in RA. The mechanism of anti - TNF - α action in vivo is complex and probably includes suppression of other pro - inflammatory cytokines, decreased synovial cellular infiltration, interference with osteoclast activation, and decreased angiogenisis. Studies using anti -TNF agents clearly show that they can slow or prevent the progression of bone and cartilage damage in RA. This activity probably involves suppression of osteoclasts in joint lesions. Etanereept, Infliximab and adalimumab are the three main biologic agents that were fo-cused on clinically at present.展开更多
In a prosopographical study of the British scientific elite, defined as Fel ows of the Royal Society born since 1900,chemists were found to be distinctive in their social origins and schooling, being more likely than ...In a prosopographical study of the British scientific elite, defined as Fel ows of the Royal Society born since 1900,chemists were found to be distinctive in their social origins and schooling, being more likely than Fel ows in other fields to come from relatively disadvantaged class backgrounds and to have attended state rather than private secondary schools. In thinking of possible explanations, we cal ed to mind the student stereotype of ‘the Northern chemist'. Could this give some indications of how it should come about that those chemists who enter the scientific elite—a smal minority—tend to differ from other elite members in the ways in question? Our more detailed analyses of the biographies of elite chemists, comparing those of different class origins, point to the fol owing conclusions. The Northern chemist was a male stereotype, and chemists prove to be more predominantly male than other members of the scientific elite. Young people, mainly male, often growing up in industrial areas of the North of England(or in Wales) and in families whose male members were in manual work, were particularly likely to develop an interest in chemistry rather than in other sciences, and it was in chemistry that state education gave them their greatest comparative advantage over those privately educated. Generalising from these analyses,we suggest that a larger pool was created in chemistry than in other scientific fields of people who were of relatively disadvantaged social origins and state educated, and that this difference was then maintained through into the social composition of the smal number of chemists who eventual y gained elite status.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFC2003102).
文摘Objective:To identify key factors influencing cognitive function in the elderly,including traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitutional classification,and to rank their relative importance.Methods:We used cross-sectional data from seven geographical regions across Chinese mainland.The Changsha version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment was used to assess cognitive function.A“least absolute shrinkage and selection operator”(LASSO)model,multivariate linear regression analysis,and random forest(RF)model were used.Subgroup analyses were performed to examine the correlation between key TCM constitution types and cognitive function in different population subgroups.Results:A total of 24803 individuals aged 60 and above were included in the study.We selected 18 influential factors using the LASSO model.Higher education,being married,and having insurance were positively correlated with cognitive function in the elderly(all P<0.05).In contrast,poor sleep,vision impairment,hearing impairment,basic activities of daily living disability,instrumental activities of daily living disability,depression,hypertension,coronary heart disease,diabetes,stroke,yang-deficiency constitution(YADC),yin-deficiency constitution(YIDC),qi deficiency constitution(QDC),and blood stasis constitution(BSC)were negatively correlated with cognitive function(all P<0.05).YIDC and BSC affected all dimensions of cognitive function(all P<0.05).YADC mainly affected attention,language,abstraction(verbal analogies),memory,and orientation to time and place dimensions(P<0.001).QDC mainly affected language and abstraction(verbal analogies)dimensions(P<0.05).The negative correlations between BSC,YADC,YIDC,and QDC scores and cognitive function revealed statistically significant dif-ferences across most subgroups.The RF model identified education,BSC,and poor sleep quality as the three most influential factors in our study.Conclusion:BSC,YADC,YIDC,and QDC were associated with cognitive decline in the elderly.Our findings provide new perspectives and significant references for interventions for early-stage cognitive disorders.
基金supported by This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea grant funded by the Korea government(MSIP)(NRF-2015R1A3A2033826)“Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science and Technology Development(Project No.PJ0131642018)” Rural Development Administration,Republic of Korea+1 种基金supproted by the Royal Society International Professorships(No.IC160046)Biotechnology and BiologicalSciences Research Council(BBSRC)Partnership award(BB/M027481/1),UK
文摘Background: Previously, we showed that targeted disruption of viral receptor genes in avian leukosis virus(ALV)subgroups using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9(Cas9))-based genome editing confers resistance to ALV subgroups B and J. Here, we used the same strategy to target the receptor expressed by ALV subgroup A(TVA) and generate chicken cells resistant to infection by this virus.Results: CRISPR/Cas9-based disruption of exon 2 within the tva gene of DF-1 fibroblasts conferred resistance to infection by ALV subgroup A regardless of whether frameshift mutations were introduced during editing. Conversely,overexpression of the wild-type TVA receptor(wtTVA) by tva-modified DF-1 clones restored susceptibility to ALV subgroup A. The results confirm that exon 2, which contains the low-density lipoprotein receptor class A domain of TVA, is critical for virus entry. Furthermore, we sequentially modified DF-1 cells by editing the tva, tvb, and Na^+/H^+ exchange 1(chNHE1) genes, which are the specific receptors for ALV subgroups A, B, and J, respectively.Conclusions: Simultaneous editing of multiple receptors to block infection by different subgroups of ALV confirmed that ALV subgroups A, B, and J do not share host receptors. This strategy could be used to generate cells resistant to multiple viral pathogens that use distinct receptors for cell entry.
文摘Adiponectin(APN), an adipokine produced by adipocytes, has been shown to have a critical role in the pathogenesis of obesityassociated malignancies. Through its receptor interactions, APN may exert its anti-carcinogenic effects including regulating cell survival, apoptosis and metastasis via a plethora of signalling pathways. Despite the strong evidence supporting this notion, some work may indicate otherwise. Our review addresses all controversies critically. On the whole, hypoadiponectinaemia is associated with increased risk of several malignancies and poor prognosis. In addition, various genetic polymorphisms may predispose individuals to increased risk of obesity-associated malignancies. We also provide an updated summary on therapeutic interventions to increase APN levels that are of key interest in this field. To date efforts to manipulate APN levels have been promising, but much work remains to be done.
文摘Background: Primary and secondary liver tumors are not always amenable to resection due to location and size. Inadequate future liver remnant(FLR) may prevent patients from having a curative resection or may result in increased postoperative morbidity and mortality from complications related to small-forsize syndrome(SFSS). Data sources: This comprehensive review analyzed the principles, mechanism and risk factors associated with SFSS and presented current available options in the evaluation of FLR when planning liver surgery. In addition, it provided a detailed description of specifc modalities that can be used before, during or after surgery, in order to optimize the conditions for a safe resection and minimize the risk of SFSS. Results: Several methods which aim to reduce tumor burden, preserve healthy liver parenchyma, induce hypertrophy of FLR or prevent postoperative complications help minimize the risk of SFSS. Conclusions: With those techniques the indications of radical treatment for patients with liver tumors have signifcantly expanded. The successful outcome depends on appropriate patient selection, the individualization and modifcation of interventions and the right timing of surgery.
文摘Severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus 2 is a major global health issue and is driving the need for new therapeutics.The surface spike protein,which plays a central role in virus infection,is currently the target for vaccines and neutralizing treatments.The emergence of novel variants with multiple mutations in the spike protein may reduce the effectiveness of neutralizing antibodies by altering the binding activity of the protein with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2).To understand the impact of spike protein mutations on the binding interactions required for virus infection and the effectiveness of neutralizing monoclonal antibody(mAb)therapies,the binding activities of the original spike protein receptor binding domain(RBD)sequence and the reported spike protein variants were investigated using surface plasmon resonance.In addition,the interactions of the ACE2 receptor,an antispike mAb(mAb1),a neutralizing mAb(mAb2),the original spike RBD sequence,and mutants D614G,N501Y,N439K,Y453F,and E484K were assessed.Compared to the original RBD,the Y453F and N501Y mutants displayed a significant increase in ACE2 binding affinity,whereas D614G had a substantial reduction in binding affinity.All mAb-RBD mutant proteins displayed a reduction in binding affinities relative to the original RBD,except for the E484K-mAb1 interaction.The potential neutralizing capability of mAb1 and mAb2 was investigated.Accordingly,mAb1 failed to inhibit the ACE2-RBD interaction while mAb2 inhibited the ACE2-RBD interactions for all RBD mutants,except mutant E484K,which only displayed partial blocking.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(No.52172044)Jilin Provincial Key Research and Development Plan Project(No.20230201151 GX)the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(EPSRC,EP/V027433/3).
文摘While lithium resources are scarce for high energy-dense lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),serving as an alternative,inherently suffer from low capacity and the high-cost use of non-graphite anodes.Combining Li-and Na-ions within a single battery system is expected to mitigate the shortcomings of both systems while leveraging their respective advantages.In this study,we developed and assembled a nanodiamonds(NDs)-assisted co-Li/Na-ion battery(ND–LSIB).This innovative battery system comprised a commercial graphite anode,an ND-modified polypropylene(DPP)separator,a hybrid lithium/sodium-based electrolyte,and a cathode.It is theoretically and experimentally demonstrated that the ND/Li co-insertion can serve as an ion-drill opening graphite layers and reconstructing graphite anodes into few-layered graphene with expanding interlayer space,achieving highly efficient Li/Na storage and the theoretical maximum of LiC_(6)for Li storage in graphite.In addition,ND is helpful for creating a LiF-/NaF-rich hybrid solid electrolyte interface with improved ionic mobility,mechanical strength,and reversibility.Consequently,ND–LSIBs have higher specific capacities~1.4 times the theoretical value of LIBs and show long-term cycling stability.This study proposes and realizes the concept of Li/Na co-storage in one ion battery with compatible high-performance,cost-effectiveness,and industrial prospects.
基金This work was supported by the Wildfowl&Wetlands Trust and the University of Exeter。
文摘Background:Our understanding of any impacts of swans on other waterbirds(including other swans),and potential effects on waterbird community structure,remain limited by a paucity of fundamental behavioural and ecological data,including which species swans interact aggressively with and how frequently such interactions occur.Methods:Behavioural observations of aggression by swans and other waterbirds in winters 2018/2019 and 2019/2020,were carried out via live-streaming webcams at two wintering sites in the UK.All occurrence sampling was used to identify all aggressive interactions between conspecific or heterospecifics individuals,whilst focal observations were used to record the total time spent by swans on aggressive interactions with other swans.Binomial tests were then used to assess whether the proportion of intraspecific aggressive interactions of each species differed from 0.5(which would indicate equal numbers of intraspecific and interspecific interactions).Zero-inflated generalized linear mixed effects models(ZIGLMMs)were used to assess between-individual variation in the total time spent by swans on aggressive interactions with other swans.Results:All three swan species were most frequently aggressive towards,and received most aggression from,their conspecifics.Our 10-min focal observations showed that Whooper(Cygnus cygnus)and Bewick’s Swans(C.columbianus bewickii)spent 13.8±4.7 s(means±95%CI)and 1.4±0.3 s,respectively,on aggression with other swans.These durations were equivalent to 2.3%and 0.2%of the Whooper and Bewick’s Swan time-activity budgets,respectively.Model selection indicated that the time spent in aggressive interactions with other swans was best-explained by the number of other swans present for Whooper Swans,and an interactive effect of time of day and winter of observation for Bewick’s Swans.However,the relationship between swan numbers and Whooper Swan aggression times was not strong(R2=19.3%).Conclusions:Whilst swans do exhibit some aggression towards smaller waterbirds,the majority of aggression by swans is directed towards other swans.Aggression focused on conspecifics likely reflects greater overlap in resource use,and hence higher potential for competition,between individuals of the same species.Our study provides an example of how questions relating to avian behaviour can be addressed using methods of remote data collection such as live-streaming webcams.
基金Supported by Russian Science Foundation,No.23-74-10027.
文摘Bibliographic analysis is still very rarely used in experimental basic study papers.The comprehensive bibliometric analysis of scientific literature on research progress and challenges in stem cell therapy for diabetic chronic wounds,which was conducted in the work of Shi et al can be a case study and a source of valuable information for writing reviews and experimental papers in this field.Basic experimental studies on a role of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)in wound healing that are published in 2023-2024,such as Zhang et al in 2023,Hu et al in 2023,Wang et al in 2023 are certainly also subjects for applying this powerful tool to analyze current research,challenges and perspectives in this field.This is due to the fact that these studies have addressed a great variety of aspects of the application of MSCs for the treatment of chronic wounds,such as using both the cells themselves and their various products:Sponges,hydrogels,exosomes,and genetic constructions.Such a wide variety of directions in the field of study and biomedical application of MSCs requires a deep understanding of the current state of research in this area,which can be provided by bibliometric analysis.Thus,the use of such elements of bibliographic analysis as publication count by year and analysis of top-10 keywords calculated independently or cited from bibliometric analysis studies can be safely recommended for every basic study manuscripts,primarily for the“Introduction”section,and review.
文摘As the protected areas of land and coastal environment, nature reserves are designed to address how to reconcile the conservation of biodiversity, the quest for economic and social development and the maintenance of cultural values. This paper establishes a framework for nature reserve development that seeks to incorporate ecotourism into its strategies. The overall purpose was to identify the information needs required for a comprehensive nature reserve that incorporates ecotourism related values. It also illustrates the utility of this framework in the context of the Wuzhishan Mountain Region of China. A literature review, the first phase of a visionary strategy and a subsequent gap analysis for available management information were undertaken in order to achieve this paper＇s purpose. Finally, recommendations axe pre-sented for integrating ecotourism into nature reserve development in the Wuzhishan Mountain Region.
文摘In this case report, we present the occlusion of multiple coronary artery fistulaes originating from proximal left anterior descending （LAD） and fight sinus valsavla and empting to the pulmonary artery at the same place. We occluded LAD fistulae by using thrombus aspira- tion catheter as a delivery guide. To the best of our knowlege, this is the first case of occlusion of coronary fistulaes with the help of throm- bus aspiration catheter. Our experience may suggest that thrombus aspiration catheters can be used in treating coronary artery fistulaes with difficult anotomv.
文摘Bitumen emulsion sprays have an important part to play in the achievement of durable,efficient road pavement construction.Clearly,spraying of bond coats or tack coats at the interface of the bound layers should improve the likelihood of full bond and of resistance to the entry of water through the layers,both of which are needed to meet the design objectives and for the pavement to continue to function properly.BS 594987 recommends bond coats,which are typically polymer modified bitumen emulsion,as best practice and their use is prevalent for the whole range of paved areas in the UK.Recent work examines the effect of different rates of spread of bitumen emulsion sprays on interlayer adhesion and permeability,and attempts to ascertain whether there are optimum quantities to obtain the desired effects.
文摘As a main pro-inflammatory factor, the up-regulation of TNF-α in RA patients plays a pivotal role in RA pathogenesis. The process of TNF production starts with the binding of a ligand( which is commonly a microbial product) to a cell surface Toll receptor, which stimulates a signal transduction pathway that activates NF - κB transcription factors. Activated NF - κB enters nuclei and induces the transcription of genes associated with inflammation, including those coding for TNF. The production of TNF and other inflammatory cytokines serves to recruit other inflammatory cells, which in turn release cytokines and subsequently amplify the immune response. TNF exerts its effect via binding of TNFRland TNFR2 receptors. Many experimental and clinical study have proved the effectiveness of TNF - αa ctivity blockade. Recent therapeutic interventions, including TNF - α and IL - 1 inhibitors, strongly support the importance of cytokines in RA. The mechanism of anti - TNF - α action in vivo is complex and probably includes suppression of other pro - inflammatory cytokines, decreased synovial cellular infiltration, interference with osteoclast activation, and decreased angiogenisis. Studies using anti -TNF agents clearly show that they can slow or prevent the progression of bone and cartilage damage in RA. This activity probably involves suppression of osteoclasts in joint lesions. Etanereept, Infliximab and adalimumab are the three main biologic agents that were fo-cused on clinically at present.
文摘In a prosopographical study of the British scientific elite, defined as Fel ows of the Royal Society born since 1900,chemists were found to be distinctive in their social origins and schooling, being more likely than Fel ows in other fields to come from relatively disadvantaged class backgrounds and to have attended state rather than private secondary schools. In thinking of possible explanations, we cal ed to mind the student stereotype of ‘the Northern chemist'. Could this give some indications of how it should come about that those chemists who enter the scientific elite—a smal minority—tend to differ from other elite members in the ways in question? Our more detailed analyses of the biographies of elite chemists, comparing those of different class origins, point to the fol owing conclusions. The Northern chemist was a male stereotype, and chemists prove to be more predominantly male than other members of the scientific elite. Young people, mainly male, often growing up in industrial areas of the North of England(or in Wales) and in families whose male members were in manual work, were particularly likely to develop an interest in chemistry rather than in other sciences, and it was in chemistry that state education gave them their greatest comparative advantage over those privately educated. Generalising from these analyses,we suggest that a larger pool was created in chemistry than in other scientific fields of people who were of relatively disadvantaged social origins and state educated, and that this difference was then maintained through into the social composition of the smal number of chemists who eventual y gained elite status.
