Different forms of programmed cell death have been described to participate in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease(PD).Given the critical role that disturbance of mitochondrial homeostasis...Different forms of programmed cell death have been described to participate in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease(PD).Given the critical role that disturbance of mitochondrial homeostasis plays in the pathogenesis of PD,apoptosis can be reasonably considered as one of the cell death pathways involved in neuronal loss(Schon and Przedborski,2011).Multiple lines of evidence support that proposal such as the observations in postmortem human brain samples of PD patients including mitochondrial complex I deficiency,reactive oxygen species generation,and oxidative damage to lipids,proteins,and DNA,among others.展开更多
Old-growth forests uniquely support biodiversity while serving as some of the planet's most important carbon stocks.The influence of tree and stand age on carbon flux dynamics remains debated—an urgent question a...Old-growth forests uniquely support biodiversity while serving as some of the planet's most important carbon stocks.The influence of tree and stand age on carbon flux dynamics remains debated—an urgent question as climate-driven disturbances may reshape forest age structures and in situ carbon storage.To clarify these relationships in Fagus sylvatica,systems,we examined a unique dataset of 3,503 tree ring series from 190 plots across some of the best preserved old-growth forests from five southern European countries.By employing a dendrochronological approach and integrating key environmental variables,including elevation,slope,temperature,and the presence of large-diameter trees(≥60 cm),we analyzed the complex relationships between tree/stand age within a plot(represented by plot-level mean values,hereafter“stand age”)and aboveground carbon stock across live,standing,and lying deadwood pools.The average stand age was 220 years,with 230 tC⋅ha^(-1) of carbon stored in aboveground biomass and necromass.We found a positive correlation between age and carbon storage at both the individual tree and plot levels.Notably,the presence of large-diameter trees was the strongest indicator of carbon stock,with carbon accumulation peaking at about 30%large-tree stems proportion before stabilising,while younger beech trees(below 100 years old)had a smaller contribution to carbon storage.We found no evidence of a decline in carbon stock with advancing stand age across the studied sites.Despite the ecological importance of old-growth forests,many of them remain unprotected and are disappearing across Europe.Our findings highlight the importance of preserving old-growth forests to maximize their role as long-term ecosystem carbon reservoirs.展开更多
Background: Discrimination and stigmatization of people with mental illness are a global and complex phenomenon and there is evidence that negative attitudes and discrimination are also prevalent among health care sta...Background: Discrimination and stigmatization of people with mental illness are a global and complex phenomenon and there is evidence that negative attitudes and discrimination are also prevalent among health care staff and health care students. Methods: Attitudes towards people with schizophrenia among 1101 students in eight different university programs providing training for work in the health care and social sectors were explored, using a cross-sectional design. Results: In five of the eight training programs the majority of the students’ perceived people with schizophrenia as a danger to others. In several aspects police students were found to hold more negative attitudes than students from other programs. Students with previous experiences of work in mental health services and students knowing a person with schizophrenia showed more positive attitudes. Discussion: In order to decrease negative attitudes and prejudices towards people with schizophrenia among students, it is essential that the training includes personal contact with people with experience of being mental illness.展开更多
Freshwater lakes globally are witnessing an escalation in the frequency and intensity of cyanobacterial harmful blooms.However,underlying factors influencing the succession or coexistence of cyanobacteria,especially f...Freshwater lakes globally are witnessing an escalation in the frequency and intensity of cyanobacterial harmful blooms.However,underlying factors influencing the succession or coexistence of cyanobacteria,especially filamentous ones,remain poorly understood.Lake Honghu,a Ramsar Wetland of International Importance with degrading aquatic ecological quality,served as a case study to elucidate the intricate relationship between environmental changes and cyanobacterial dynamics.Our analysis revealed a significant increase in the dominance of filamentous cyanobacteria,marked by high spatiotemporal variability in community structure.This dominance of filamentous diazotrophic cyanobacteria is attributed to a decrease in the ratio of dissolved inorganic nitrogen to total phosphorus and their capacity to utilize organic phosphorus in phosphorus-deficient conditions.Species-specific density variations were linked to diverse environmental factors,with total nitrogen or total phosphorus concentration remaining as a crucial factor influencing dominant cyanobacterial density fluctuations.The dominance of low-temperature-tolerant Aphanizomenon and Pseudanabaena was evident in spring and winter,whereas Dolichospermum and Cylindrospermopsis,which prefer higher temperatures,thrived in summer and autumn.Additionally,non-algal turbidity and heterogeneity can potentially alter the competitive outcome among filamentous cyanobacteria or foster coexistence under conditions of elevated temperatures and nutrient limitation.This study predicts that filamentous cyanobacteria may spread and persist in lakes spanning a wide trophic range.Current findings enhance our comprehen-sion of the dynamic responses exhibited by filamentous bloom-forming cyanobacteria in the face of environmental changes within shallow eutrophic lakes and provide valuable insights for lake managers involved in the remediation of degraded shallow lakes.展开更多
BACKGROUND Chronic mesenteric ischemia(CMI)is a rare but serious cause of postprandial abdominal pain and weight loss,often diagnosed late.CASE SUMMARY We report two cases with prolonged history of vague abdominal pai...BACKGROUND Chronic mesenteric ischemia(CMI)is a rare but serious cause of postprandial abdominal pain and weight loss,often diagnosed late.CASE SUMMARY We report two cases with prolonged history of vague abdominal pain,early satiety,and significant weight loss.Extensive workups for functional and structural gastrointestinal disorders were unrevealing.The diagnosis was ultimately prompted by gastroenterologist re-review of prior computed tomography abdomen studies—performed earlier during the investigation but not specifically targeting the mesenteric vasculature.On close inspection,both scans revealed extensive vascular calcifications involving the superior mesenteric and celiac arteries,which had not been mentioned in the original radiology reports.Subsequent dedicated vascular imaging confirmed significant mesenteric artery stenosis.Both patients underwent successful endovascular intervention with complete resolution of symptoms.CONCLUSION These cases highlight the importance of clinician-led image review and maintaining a high index of suspicion for CMI in elderly patients with unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms presenting to the gastroenterology department.展开更多
The Gaussian phase distribution approximation enables analysis of restricted diffusion encoded by general gradient waveforms but fails to account for the diffraction-like features that may occur for simple pore geomet...The Gaussian phase distribution approximation enables analysis of restricted diffusion encoded by general gradient waveforms but fails to account for the diffraction-like features that may occur for simple pore geometries.We investigate the range of validity of the approximation by random walk simulations of restricted diffusion in a cylinder using isotropic diffusion encoding sequences as well as conventional single gradient pulse pairs and oscillating gradient waveforms.The results show that clear deviations from the approximation may be observed at relative signal attenuations below 0.1 for onedimensional sequences with few oscillation periods.Increasing the encoding dimensionality and/or number of oscillations while extending the total duration of the waveform diminishes the non-Gaussian effects while preserving the low apparent diffusivities characteristic of restriction.展开更多
Understanding and managing charge carrier recombination dynamics is crucial for optimizing the performance of metal halide perovskite optoelectronic devices.In this work,we introduce a machine learning-assisted intens...Understanding and managing charge carrier recombination dynamics is crucial for optimizing the performance of metal halide perovskite optoelectronic devices.In this work,we introduce a machine learning-assisted intensity-modulated two-photon photoluminescence microscopy approach for quantitatively mapping recombination processes in MAPbBr_(3) perovskite microcrystalline films at micrometer-scale resolution.To enhance model accuracy,a balanced classification sampling strategy was applied during the machine learning optimization stage.展开更多
Portal hypertension(PH)is a major complication of chronic liver disease,often leading to serious clinical consequences such as variceal bleeding,ascites,and splenomegaly.The current gold standard for PH diagnosis,name...Portal hypertension(PH)is a major complication of chronic liver disease,often leading to serious clinical consequences such as variceal bleeding,ascites,and splenomegaly.The current gold standard for PH diagnosis,namely,hepatic venous pressure gradient measurement,is invasive and not widely available.Transient elastography has emerged as a non-invasive alternative for assessing liver stiffness(LS),and recent studies have highlighted the potential role of splenic stiffness(SS)in evaluating PH severity.This narrative review summarizes the available evidence on the utility of splenic transient elastography in assessing PH.We evaluated its diagnostic accuracy,technical challenges,and clinical applications,particularly in distinguishing between cirrhotic PH(CPH)and noncirrhotic PH(NCPH).A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the PubMed database,focusing on studies that assess splenic elastography in the diagnosis and prognosis of PH.This review compares splenic elastography with other non-invasive imaging modalities,including MR elastography and shearwave elastography.Additionally,we examined the role of SS using elastography in predicting the presence of esophageal varices and its potential impact on reducing the need for endoscopic screening.Studies have demonstrated that splenic elastography correlates well with PH severity,with cut-off values ranging between 45 kPa and 50 kPa for significant PH detection.Splenic elastography,when combined with platelet count and LS measurements,improves diagnostic accuracy and risk stratification for the occurrence of variceal bleeding.Despite its clinical promise,technical challenges such as patient positioning,body habitus,and probe selection remain key limitations.Notably,splenic elastography may be particularly useful in diagnosing NCPH,where LS remains normal but PH is present.Splenic transient elastography is a valuable adjunct in the non-invasive assessment of PH.Its ability to predict varices,differentiate between CPH and NCPH,and reduce unnecessary endoscopies suggests that it should be incorporated into routine hepatology practice.Future research should focus on refining SS cut-offs,evaluating its cost-effectiveness,and integrating splenic elastography into clinical guidelines for PH management.展开更多
Soil erosion is a critical process influencing the global carbon cycle.However,erosion-induced carbon changes remain inadequately understood,particularly for soil inorganic carbon(SIC).There is also limited knowledge ...Soil erosion is a critical process influencing the global carbon cycle.However,erosion-induced carbon changes remain inadequately understood,particularly for soil inorganic carbon(SIC).There is also limited knowledge about the factors influencing soil carbon dynamics during erosion processes.Here we quantify the global translocation of soil organic carbon(SOC)and SIC due to soil erosion using data-driven global soil carbon estimates combined with a soil erosion map derived from the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE)model.Our analysis reveals that global SIC and SOC translocations from soil erosion are 107.1 Tg C yr^(−1)and 898.4 Tg C yr^(−1),respectively.These translocations exhibit distinct patterns across aridity gradients and different biomes and soil types,with SIC translocation increasing while SOC translocation decreasing with aridity.Croplands exhibit significantly higher soil carbon translocation compared to natural vegetation,with SIC translocation being 2.41 times higher and SOC translocation 0.65 times higher than in forests.Topographic features(slope length and steepness)predominantly determine soil carbon translocation during erosion,with steeper and longer slopes exacerbating erosion and subsequent SIC/SOC translocation.Land use change,particularly agricultural practices,is also a critical driver.Our findings provide valuable insights into the factors influencing SIC and SOC translocation,enhancing our understanding of the global patterns and determinants of erosion-induced soil carbon dynamics.展开更多
For many years,prostate cancer early detection was a straightforward matter of recommending biopsy to all men with an elevated prostate-specific antigen(PSA).This is perhaps best evidenced by the European Randomized T...For many years,prostate cancer early detection was a straightforward matter of recommending biopsy to all men with an elevated prostate-specific antigen(PSA).This is perhaps best evidenced by the European Randomized Trial of Screening for Prostate Cancer,where an automatic biopsy is specified in the protocol and close to 90% of men with a PSA≥3.0 ng/mL were biopsied[1].展开更多
Compared to lake area and water level,lake storage capacity more intuitively reflects regional climate changes.In this study,we first derived lakebed elevation profiles for individual ICESat-2 tracks based on the unde...Compared to lake area and water level,lake storage capacity more intuitively reflects regional climate changes.In this study,we first derived lakebed elevation profiles for individual ICESat-2 tracks based on the underwater stratification of laser photons,then integrating all valid elevation tracks within the water body to interpolate the bathymetry.On this basis,we calculated the capacity and its time series directly,with the aid of lake boundaries and water levels obtained from optical imagery and CryoSat-2 data.Next,we also applied an empirical formula to estimate the water volume changes of Bangdag Co by combining the area and water levels from 2010 to 2023.Finally,we compared the results of Bangdag Co's water volume changes obtained from the two different methods and conducted a detailed analysis of their performance and regional applicability.The bathymetric map of Bangdag Co reveals a distinct spatial pattern,with the northeastern part significantly deeper(with a maximum depth of 35.27 m)and the southwestern part shallower.The average depth of the lake is 13.99 m.We further estimated that the lake storage capacity in November 2023 was 2.95 km^(3).Water volume changes estimated using the empirical formula were highly consistent with those derived from the lake storage capacity time series(from 2010 to 2023,the lake storage capacity increased by 1.04 km^(3)).Our comparison revealed that the empirical formula method reflects only changes in water volume.In contrast,while our method can accurately estimate lake storage capacity,it is constrained to shallow,clear,and elongated east-west lakes(e.g.,Ayakkum Lake).In summary,the ICESat-2 laser altimetry data,which do not rely on measured water depths,offer an essential complement to underwater topography detection and provide a novel perspective on lake volume estimation research.展开更多
Nanotechnology offers promising perspectives for revolutionizing agriculture by enhancing productivity and sustainability.Although the global agricultural nanotechnology market was valued at US$352.4 billion in 2023 a...Nanotechnology offers promising perspectives for revolutionizing agriculture by enhancing productivity and sustainability.Although the global agricultural nanotechnology market was valued at US$352.4 billion in 2023 and is estimated to reach US$868.9 billion by 2031,concerns about adverse environmental effects persist.This review summarizes the latest developments and perspectives of nanotechnology applied to agriculture,highlighting both advancements and potential impacts on soil ecosystems.However,concerns regarding regulatory measures,economic viability,and scalability hinder its widespread adoption.Collaboration among stakeholders is crucial to establishing effective frameworks for the safe and responsible application of nanotechnology in agriculture.Despite these concerns,nanotechnology holds great promise for addressing emerging challenges in agriculture and advancing toward more sustainable and efficient practices.展开更多
Nano-scale chemical inhomogeneity in surface oxide films formed on a V-and N-containing martensite stainless steel and tempering heating induced changes are investigated by a combination of synchrotron-based hard X-ra...Nano-scale chemical inhomogeneity in surface oxide films formed on a V-and N-containing martensite stainless steel and tempering heating induced changes are investigated by a combination of synchrotron-based hard X-ray Photoelectron emission spectroscopy(HAXPES)and microscopy(HAXPEEM)as well as microscopic X-ray absorption spectroscopy(μ-XAS)techniques.The results reveal the inhomogeneity in the oxide films on the micron-sized Cr_(2)N-and VN-type particles,while the inhomogeneity on the martensite matrix phase exists due to localised formation of nano-sized tempering nitride particles at 600℃.The oxide film formed on Cr_(2)N-type particles is rich in Cr_(2)O_(3) compared with that on the martensite matrix and VN-type particles.With the increase of tempering temperature,Cr_(2)O_(3) formation is faster for the oxidation of Cr in the martensite matrix than the oxidation of Cr nitride-rich particles.展开更多
With the prevalence of obesity,metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)has become the most common chronic liver disease worldwide and can cause a series of serious complications.The pathogenesis...With the prevalence of obesity,metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)has become the most common chronic liver disease worldwide and can cause a series of serious complications.The pathogenesis of MASLD is complex,characterized by oxidative stress,impaired mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism,and cellular inflammation.Mitochondrial biology and function are central to the physiology of the liver.It has been suggested that mitochondrial oxidative stress plays a crucial role in MASLD progression.Excessive oxidative stress response is an important trigger for the occurrence and development of MASLD.In this review,we aim to focus on the recent advances in understanding mitochondrial oxidative stress-related mechanisms in the progression of MASLD.The in-depth elaboration of its related mechanisms is hoped to help find effective methods for treating MASLD.展开更多
Plastic contamination has become a major environmental concern and impacts human health,and yet this is still a topic that remains largely understudied.Effects of macro-and microplastics on soil physical,chemical,and ...Plastic contamination has become a major environmental concern and impacts human health,and yet this is still a topic that remains largely understudied.Effects of macro-and microplastics on soil physical,chemical,and biological properties,including soil biota,are considered adverse for soils.Due to their small size and porous surface,microplastics can also be a new environmental concern because of their ability to act as carriers of contaminants or diseases.展开更多
Taking advantage of the relatively automatic and easy operation procedure,continuous-flow catalysis has become a promising wastewater treatment technique for organic dye removal.However,developing suitable packing cat...Taking advantage of the relatively automatic and easy operation procedure,continuous-flow catalysis has become a promising wastewater treatment technique for organic dye removal.However,developing suitable packing catalysts with favorable activity and low flow resistance remains a challenging task for the construction of continuous-flow catalytic systems.In this paper,we report the preparation of a catalytic module,in which palladium clusters(PdC)are incorporated on defect-rich nitrogen-doped holey graphene(NHG)co-assembled withaluminum silicate fibers(ASFs)(PdC/NHG-ASFs).The resultant PdC/NHG-ASFs composite catalyst exhibits an assembly morphology and can be facilely integrated into a glass reactor to construct an efficient fixed-bed system for continuous-flow catalysis.The corresponding catalytic system demonstrates high processing capacity and excellent durability for the reduction of six N-containing organic dyes owing to the robust hierarchical structure and dualactive components(i.e.,NHG and PdC)of the PdC/NHGASFs composite.The processing rate of the fixed-bed system constructed with the PdC/NHG-ASFs catalyst for the reduction of a representative dye(i.e.,4-nitrophenol)was 1.45×10^(-3)mmol·mg^(-1)·min^(-1),surpassing those previously reported for systems based on metal catalysts.Theoretical calculations show that the activity enhancement in nitroarene reduction reaction originate from the synergistic effect of the two active components.The integration of heterogeneous catalysis and flow-chemistry techniques provides a rational design concept for environmental catalysis,offering a more efficient,scalable,and sustainable approach.展开更多
Objective:To examine the current status and future perspectives of prostate cancer(PCa)screening.Methods:We conducted a narrative review of randomized controlled trials focused on PCa screening and treatment.This revi...Objective:To examine the current status and future perspectives of prostate cancer(PCa)screening.Methods:We conducted a narrative review of randomized controlled trials focused on PCa screening and treatment.This review specifically focused on population-based trials enrolling men at average risk of PCa.Results:Prostate-specific antigen has been the cornerstone of PCa screening since its clinical introduction in the late 1980s.Four contemporary high-quality randomized controlled trials assessed the efficacy of a prostate-specific antigen-based screening program on PCa mortality.We address conflicting results and differences among these trials.In recent years,MRI has gained significance,particularly in the targeted diagnostic pathway of PCa.Four randomized controlled trials and one cohort study have evaluated its use in PCa screening programs.Additionally,three pivotal trials have investigated the impact of radical PCa treatment on mortality,indirectly evaluating the utility of screening protocols.Current positions of major society guidelines are also addressed.Risk-adapted strategies,considering combined factors,are envisioned as the future towards precision medicine.展开更多
This study proposes a novel and sustainable method for fabricating 3D-printed carbon-based electrodes for electrochemical wastewater treatment.We prepared B,N-doped carbon electrodes with hierarchical porosity and a s...This study proposes a novel and sustainable method for fabricating 3D-printed carbon-based electrodes for electrochemical wastewater treatment.We prepared B,N-doped carbon electrodes with hierarchical porosity and a significantly enhanced surface area-to-volume ratio(up to 180%)compared to non-optimized analogues using a synergistic combination of 3D printing,phase inversion,and microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition.This process allows the metal-free growth of vertically aligned carbon nanostructures directly onto polymer-derived substrates,resulting in a 20-fold increase in the electrochemically active surface area.Computational fluid dynamics simulations were used to improve mass transport and reduce pressure drop.Electrochemical characterization demonstrated that the optimized electrodes performed significantly better,achieving 4.7-,4-,and 6.5-fold increases in the degradation rates of atenolol,metoprolol,and propranolol,respectively,during electrochemical oxidation.These results highlight the efficacy of the integrated fabrication and simulation approach in producing high-performance electrodes for sustainable wastewater treatment applications.展开更多
基金supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación/Agencia Española de Investigación(PID2021-124096OB-I00)(to JLV)JGR was granted by Demensfonden,The Royal Physiografic Society of Lund,Neurofonden,The Greta och Johan Kocks stiftelser,and Bertil och Ebon Norlins stiftelse.
文摘Different forms of programmed cell death have been described to participate in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease(PD).Given the critical role that disturbance of mitochondrial homeostasis plays in the pathogenesis of PD,apoptosis can be reasonably considered as one of the cell death pathways involved in neuronal loss(Schon and Przedborski,2011).Multiple lines of evidence support that proposal such as the observations in postmortem human brain samples of PD patients including mitochondrial complex I deficiency,reactive oxygen species generation,and oxidative damage to lipids,proteins,and DNA,among others.
基金supported by the Czech University of Life Sciences(Internal Grant Agency:A_12_24,43110/1312/3103,the Czech Science Foundation(Grant GACR No.21-27454S)Technology Agency of the Czech Republic(TACR No.SS06010420)+2 种基金provided by the CLIMB-FOREST project(No.101060554)project FORbEST(No.101181878)funded under the Horizon Europe Framework Programme。
文摘Old-growth forests uniquely support biodiversity while serving as some of the planet's most important carbon stocks.The influence of tree and stand age on carbon flux dynamics remains debated—an urgent question as climate-driven disturbances may reshape forest age structures and in situ carbon storage.To clarify these relationships in Fagus sylvatica,systems,we examined a unique dataset of 3,503 tree ring series from 190 plots across some of the best preserved old-growth forests from five southern European countries.By employing a dendrochronological approach and integrating key environmental variables,including elevation,slope,temperature,and the presence of large-diameter trees(≥60 cm),we analyzed the complex relationships between tree/stand age within a plot(represented by plot-level mean values,hereafter“stand age”)and aboveground carbon stock across live,standing,and lying deadwood pools.The average stand age was 220 years,with 230 tC⋅ha^(-1) of carbon stored in aboveground biomass and necromass.We found a positive correlation between age and carbon storage at both the individual tree and plot levels.Notably,the presence of large-diameter trees was the strongest indicator of carbon stock,with carbon accumulation peaking at about 30%large-tree stems proportion before stabilising,while younger beech trees(below 100 years old)had a smaller contribution to carbon storage.We found no evidence of a decline in carbon stock with advancing stand age across the studied sites.Despite the ecological importance of old-growth forests,many of them remain unprotected and are disappearing across Europe.Our findings highlight the importance of preserving old-growth forests to maximize their role as long-term ecosystem carbon reservoirs.
基金the Swedish Council for Working Life Social Research
文摘Background: Discrimination and stigmatization of people with mental illness are a global and complex phenomenon and there is evidence that negative attitudes and discrimination are also prevalent among health care staff and health care students. Methods: Attitudes towards people with schizophrenia among 1101 students in eight different university programs providing training for work in the health care and social sectors were explored, using a cross-sectional design. Results: In five of the eight training programs the majority of the students’ perceived people with schizophrenia as a danger to others. In several aspects police students were found to hold more negative attitudes than students from other programs. Students with previous experiences of work in mental health services and students knowing a person with schizophrenia showed more positive attitudes. Discussion: In order to decrease negative attitudes and prejudices towards people with schizophrenia among students, it is essential that the training includes personal contact with people with experience of being mental illness.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFD0900701)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42177246)+2 种基金Additional support was provided by Yunnan Province-Kunming City Major Science and Technology Project(No.202202AH210006)the convenience provided by workstation of academician Liu Yongding in Kunming(No.YSZJGZZ-2020018)The Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2022JJ30691)also supported this research.
文摘Freshwater lakes globally are witnessing an escalation in the frequency and intensity of cyanobacterial harmful blooms.However,underlying factors influencing the succession or coexistence of cyanobacteria,especially filamentous ones,remain poorly understood.Lake Honghu,a Ramsar Wetland of International Importance with degrading aquatic ecological quality,served as a case study to elucidate the intricate relationship between environmental changes and cyanobacterial dynamics.Our analysis revealed a significant increase in the dominance of filamentous cyanobacteria,marked by high spatiotemporal variability in community structure.This dominance of filamentous diazotrophic cyanobacteria is attributed to a decrease in the ratio of dissolved inorganic nitrogen to total phosphorus and their capacity to utilize organic phosphorus in phosphorus-deficient conditions.Species-specific density variations were linked to diverse environmental factors,with total nitrogen or total phosphorus concentration remaining as a crucial factor influencing dominant cyanobacterial density fluctuations.The dominance of low-temperature-tolerant Aphanizomenon and Pseudanabaena was evident in spring and winter,whereas Dolichospermum and Cylindrospermopsis,which prefer higher temperatures,thrived in summer and autumn.Additionally,non-algal turbidity and heterogeneity can potentially alter the competitive outcome among filamentous cyanobacteria or foster coexistence under conditions of elevated temperatures and nutrient limitation.This study predicts that filamentous cyanobacteria may spread and persist in lakes spanning a wide trophic range.Current findings enhance our comprehen-sion of the dynamic responses exhibited by filamentous bloom-forming cyanobacteria in the face of environmental changes within shallow eutrophic lakes and provide valuable insights for lake managers involved in the remediation of degraded shallow lakes.
文摘BACKGROUND Chronic mesenteric ischemia(CMI)is a rare but serious cause of postprandial abdominal pain and weight loss,often diagnosed late.CASE SUMMARY We report two cases with prolonged history of vague abdominal pain,early satiety,and significant weight loss.Extensive workups for functional and structural gastrointestinal disorders were unrevealing.The diagnosis was ultimately prompted by gastroenterologist re-review of prior computed tomography abdomen studies—performed earlier during the investigation but not specifically targeting the mesenteric vasculature.On close inspection,both scans revealed extensive vascular calcifications involving the superior mesenteric and celiac arteries,which had not been mentioned in the original radiology reports.Subsequent dedicated vascular imaging confirmed significant mesenteric artery stenosis.Both patients underwent successful endovascular intervention with complete resolution of symptoms.CONCLUSION These cases highlight the importance of clinician-led image review and maintaining a high index of suspicion for CMI in elderly patients with unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms presenting to the gastroenterology department.
基金financially supported by the Swedish Research Council(2022-04422_VR)。
文摘The Gaussian phase distribution approximation enables analysis of restricted diffusion encoded by general gradient waveforms but fails to account for the diffraction-like features that may occur for simple pore geometries.We investigate the range of validity of the approximation by random walk simulations of restricted diffusion in a cylinder using isotropic diffusion encoding sequences as well as conventional single gradient pulse pairs and oscillating gradient waveforms.The results show that clear deviations from the approximation may be observed at relative signal attenuations below 0.1 for onedimensional sequences with few oscillation periods.Increasing the encoding dimensionality and/or number of oscillations while extending the total duration of the waveform diminishes the non-Gaussian effects while preserving the low apparent diffusivities characteristic of restriction.
基金financial support from Swedish Energy Agency grant 50709-1Swedish Research Council grant 2021-05207+2 种基金KAW WISE/WASP grant 01-22Olle Engkvist foundation grant 235-0422Light and Materials profile area at Lund University(Young Investigator Synergy Award,2023)。
文摘Understanding and managing charge carrier recombination dynamics is crucial for optimizing the performance of metal halide perovskite optoelectronic devices.In this work,we introduce a machine learning-assisted intensity-modulated two-photon photoluminescence microscopy approach for quantitatively mapping recombination processes in MAPbBr_(3) perovskite microcrystalline films at micrometer-scale resolution.To enhance model accuracy,a balanced classification sampling strategy was applied during the machine learning optimization stage.
文摘Portal hypertension(PH)is a major complication of chronic liver disease,often leading to serious clinical consequences such as variceal bleeding,ascites,and splenomegaly.The current gold standard for PH diagnosis,namely,hepatic venous pressure gradient measurement,is invasive and not widely available.Transient elastography has emerged as a non-invasive alternative for assessing liver stiffness(LS),and recent studies have highlighted the potential role of splenic stiffness(SS)in evaluating PH severity.This narrative review summarizes the available evidence on the utility of splenic transient elastography in assessing PH.We evaluated its diagnostic accuracy,technical challenges,and clinical applications,particularly in distinguishing between cirrhotic PH(CPH)and noncirrhotic PH(NCPH).A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the PubMed database,focusing on studies that assess splenic elastography in the diagnosis and prognosis of PH.This review compares splenic elastography with other non-invasive imaging modalities,including MR elastography and shearwave elastography.Additionally,we examined the role of SS using elastography in predicting the presence of esophageal varices and its potential impact on reducing the need for endoscopic screening.Studies have demonstrated that splenic elastography correlates well with PH severity,with cut-off values ranging between 45 kPa and 50 kPa for significant PH detection.Splenic elastography,when combined with platelet count and LS measurements,improves diagnostic accuracy and risk stratification for the occurrence of variceal bleeding.Despite its clinical promise,technical challenges such as patient positioning,body habitus,and probe selection remain key limitations.Notably,splenic elastography may be particularly useful in diagnosing NCPH,where LS remains normal but PH is present.Splenic transient elastography is a valuable adjunct in the non-invasive assessment of PH.Its ability to predict varices,differentiate between CPH and NCPH,and reduce unnecessary endoscopies suggests that it should be incorporated into routine hepatology practice.Future research should focus on refining SS cut-offs,evaluating its cost-effectiveness,and integrating splenic elastography into clinical guidelines for PH management.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Project(Grants No.42494823 and 42301108)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(Grant No.07M715BOAM)Carlsberg Foundation Internationalisation Fellowship project(Grant No.CF21–0157).
文摘Soil erosion is a critical process influencing the global carbon cycle.However,erosion-induced carbon changes remain inadequately understood,particularly for soil inorganic carbon(SIC).There is also limited knowledge about the factors influencing soil carbon dynamics during erosion processes.Here we quantify the global translocation of soil organic carbon(SOC)and SIC due to soil erosion using data-driven global soil carbon estimates combined with a soil erosion map derived from the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE)model.Our analysis reveals that global SIC and SOC translocations from soil erosion are 107.1 Tg C yr^(−1)and 898.4 Tg C yr^(−1),respectively.These translocations exhibit distinct patterns across aridity gradients and different biomes and soil types,with SIC translocation increasing while SOC translocation decreasing with aridity.Croplands exhibit significantly higher soil carbon translocation compared to natural vegetation,with SIC translocation being 2.41 times higher and SOC translocation 0.65 times higher than in forests.Topographic features(slope length and steepness)predominantly determine soil carbon translocation during erosion,with steeper and longer slopes exacerbating erosion and subsequent SIC/SOC translocation.Land use change,particularly agricultural practices,is also a critical driver.Our findings provide valuable insights into the factors influencing SIC and SOC translocation,enhancing our understanding of the global patterns and determinants of erosion-induced soil carbon dynamics.
基金supported in part by the National Institutes of Health(NIH)/National Cancer Institute(NCl)based on a Cancer Center Support Grant to Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center(P30-CA008748 to Craig Thompson,U01-CA266535 to Sigrid Carlsson)the Swedish Cancer Society(Cancerfonden 233074 Pj 01H to Lilja H)the Swedish Prostate Cancer Foundation.
文摘For many years,prostate cancer early detection was a straightforward matter of recommending biopsy to all men with an elevated prostate-specific antigen(PSA).This is perhaps best evidenced by the European Randomized Trial of Screening for Prostate Cancer,where an automatic biopsy is specified in the protocol and close to 90% of men with a PSA≥3.0 ng/mL were biopsied[1].
基金supported financially by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.41901129)the University Natural Sciences Research Project of Anhui Educational committee(2024AH050270)the support from the Joint China–Sweden Mobility Grant funded by NSFC and STINT(CH2019-8250)。
文摘Compared to lake area and water level,lake storage capacity more intuitively reflects regional climate changes.In this study,we first derived lakebed elevation profiles for individual ICESat-2 tracks based on the underwater stratification of laser photons,then integrating all valid elevation tracks within the water body to interpolate the bathymetry.On this basis,we calculated the capacity and its time series directly,with the aid of lake boundaries and water levels obtained from optical imagery and CryoSat-2 data.Next,we also applied an empirical formula to estimate the water volume changes of Bangdag Co by combining the area and water levels from 2010 to 2023.Finally,we compared the results of Bangdag Co's water volume changes obtained from the two different methods and conducted a detailed analysis of their performance and regional applicability.The bathymetric map of Bangdag Co reveals a distinct spatial pattern,with the northeastern part significantly deeper(with a maximum depth of 35.27 m)and the southwestern part shallower.The average depth of the lake is 13.99 m.We further estimated that the lake storage capacity in November 2023 was 2.95 km^(3).Water volume changes estimated using the empirical formula were highly consistent with those derived from the lake storage capacity time series(from 2010 to 2023,the lake storage capacity increased by 1.04 km^(3)).Our comparison revealed that the empirical formula method reflects only changes in water volume.In contrast,while our method can accurately estimate lake storage capacity,it is constrained to shallow,clear,and elongated east-west lakes(e.g.,Ayakkum Lake).In summary,the ICESat-2 laser altimetry data,which do not rely on measured water depths,offer an essential complement to underwater topography detection and provide a novel perspective on lake volume estimation research.
基金funded by the Envi Nagro Project(No.PID 2021-124497OA-I00)supported by the Ministry of Science and Innovation,Agency and the European Regional Development Fund of Spain(No.MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER,UE)The financial support of the Regional Ministry of Culture,Education,and University(Xunta de Galicia),Galicia,Spain is also recognized through the contract(No.ED431C 2021/46-GRC)granted to the research group BV1 of the University of Vigo,Spain+2 种基金PPR and ARS have postdoctoral contract Juan de la Cierva Incorporación(Nos.IJC 2020-044426-I/MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and IJC2020-044197-I/MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033)funded by the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain,the European Union Next Generation EU/PRTR,and the University of Vigo,Spaina postdoctoral fellowship(No.ED481B-2022-081)financed by Xunta de Galicia,Spaina postdoctoral contract Ramón y Cajal(No.RYC2022-036752-I)funded by the Ministry of Science,Innovation,and Universities of Spain,the European Union,and the University of Vigo,Spain。
文摘Nanotechnology offers promising perspectives for revolutionizing agriculture by enhancing productivity and sustainability.Although the global agricultural nanotechnology market was valued at US$352.4 billion in 2023 and is estimated to reach US$868.9 billion by 2031,concerns about adverse environmental effects persist.This review summarizes the latest developments and perspectives of nanotechnology applied to agriculture,highlighting both advancements and potential impacts on soil ecosystems.However,concerns regarding regulatory measures,economic viability,and scalability hinder its widespread adoption.Collaboration among stakeholders is crucial to establishing effective frameworks for the safe and responsible application of nanotechnology in agriculture.Despite these concerns,nanotechnology holds great promise for addressing emerging challenges in agriculture and advancing toward more sustainable and efficient practices.
基金supported by the Vinnova(project number 2020-03778)supported by the Swedish Research Council(Vetenskapsradet,project number 2021-04157).
文摘Nano-scale chemical inhomogeneity in surface oxide films formed on a V-and N-containing martensite stainless steel and tempering heating induced changes are investigated by a combination of synchrotron-based hard X-ray Photoelectron emission spectroscopy(HAXPES)and microscopy(HAXPEEM)as well as microscopic X-ray absorption spectroscopy(μ-XAS)techniques.The results reveal the inhomogeneity in the oxide films on the micron-sized Cr_(2)N-and VN-type particles,while the inhomogeneity on the martensite matrix phase exists due to localised formation of nano-sized tempering nitride particles at 600℃.The oxide film formed on Cr_(2)N-type particles is rich in Cr_(2)O_(3) compared with that on the martensite matrix and VN-type particles.With the increase of tempering temperature,Cr_(2)O_(3) formation is faster for the oxidation of Cr in the martensite matrix than the oxidation of Cr nitride-rich particles.
基金supported by grants from the Top Medical Expert Team of Wuxi Taihu Talent Plan(Grant Nos.DJTD202106,GDTD202105 and YXTD202101)Medical Key Discipline Program of Wuxi Health Commission(Grant Nos.ZDXK2021007 and CXTD2021005)+1 种基金Top Talent Support Program for Young and MiddleAged People of Wuxi Health Committee(Grant No.BJ2023090)Scientific Research Program of Wuxi Health Commission(Grant Nos.Z20210 and M202208).
文摘With the prevalence of obesity,metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)has become the most common chronic liver disease worldwide and can cause a series of serious complications.The pathogenesis of MASLD is complex,characterized by oxidative stress,impaired mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism,and cellular inflammation.Mitochondrial biology and function are central to the physiology of the liver.It has been suggested that mitochondrial oxidative stress plays a crucial role in MASLD progression.Excessive oxidative stress response is an important trigger for the occurrence and development of MASLD.In this review,we aim to focus on the recent advances in understanding mitochondrial oxidative stress-related mechanisms in the progression of MASLD.The in-depth elaboration of its related mechanisms is hoped to help find effective methods for treating MASLD.
基金funded by the research project Env Agro(No.XG-IDI24-05/04)of Universidade de Vigo(Spain)and Universidade do Minho(Portugal)the financial support of the Consellería de Cultura,Educación e Universidade,Xunta de Galicia(Spain)through the contract(No.ED431C2021/46-GCR)granted to the research group BV1 of Universidade de Vigo+3 种基金a postdoctoral fellowship(No.ED481B-2022081)funded by Xunta de Galiciaa pre-doctoral Formación de Profesorado Universitario contract(No.FPU19/03758)funded by the Ministry of Universities(Spanish Government)supported by a JdCi research contract(No.IJC2020044197-I)funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and European Union EU/PRTREuropean Cooperation in Science and Technology(COST)Action CA20101 Plastics Monitoring Detection Remediation Recovery—PRIORITY,supported by COST(www.cost.eu)。
文摘Plastic contamination has become a major environmental concern and impacts human health,and yet this is still a topic that remains largely understudied.Effects of macro-and microplastics on soil physical,chemical,and biological properties,including soil biota,are considered adverse for soils.Due to their small size and porous surface,microplastics can also be a new environmental concern because of their ability to act as carriers of contaminants or diseases.
基金financially supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province(No.2022BAA026)the Open Project of Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology(No.NRGC202203)+3 种基金the Open/Innovation Project of Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education(No.LCX202203)the Open Project of Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education(No.GCX2022005)the Open/Innovation Project of Key Laboratory of Novel Biomass-Based Environmental and Energy Materials in Petroleum and Chemical Industry(No.2022BEEA06)the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program Funded by Wuhan Institute of Technology(No.202310490007)
文摘Taking advantage of the relatively automatic and easy operation procedure,continuous-flow catalysis has become a promising wastewater treatment technique for organic dye removal.However,developing suitable packing catalysts with favorable activity and low flow resistance remains a challenging task for the construction of continuous-flow catalytic systems.In this paper,we report the preparation of a catalytic module,in which palladium clusters(PdC)are incorporated on defect-rich nitrogen-doped holey graphene(NHG)co-assembled withaluminum silicate fibers(ASFs)(PdC/NHG-ASFs).The resultant PdC/NHG-ASFs composite catalyst exhibits an assembly morphology and can be facilely integrated into a glass reactor to construct an efficient fixed-bed system for continuous-flow catalysis.The corresponding catalytic system demonstrates high processing capacity and excellent durability for the reduction of six N-containing organic dyes owing to the robust hierarchical structure and dualactive components(i.e.,NHG and PdC)of the PdC/NHGASFs composite.The processing rate of the fixed-bed system constructed with the PdC/NHG-ASFs catalyst for the reduction of a representative dye(i.e.,4-nitrophenol)was 1.45×10^(-3)mmol·mg^(-1)·min^(-1),surpassing those previously reported for systems based on metal catalysts.Theoretical calculations show that the activity enhancement in nitroarene reduction reaction originate from the synergistic effect of the two active components.The integration of heterogeneous catalysis and flow-chemistry techniques provides a rational design concept for environmental catalysis,offering a more efficient,scalable,and sustainable approach.
基金supported in part by the Prostate Cancer Foundation and the National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute(NIH/NCI)Cancer Center Support Grant to Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center(P30-CA008748).
文摘Objective:To examine the current status and future perspectives of prostate cancer(PCa)screening.Methods:We conducted a narrative review of randomized controlled trials focused on PCa screening and treatment.This review specifically focused on population-based trials enrolling men at average risk of PCa.Results:Prostate-specific antigen has been the cornerstone of PCa screening since its clinical introduction in the late 1980s.Four contemporary high-quality randomized controlled trials assessed the efficacy of a prostate-specific antigen-based screening program on PCa mortality.We address conflicting results and differences among these trials.In recent years,MRI has gained significance,particularly in the targeted diagnostic pathway of PCa.Four randomized controlled trials and one cohort study have evaluated its use in PCa screening programs.Additionally,three pivotal trials have investigated the impact of radical PCa treatment on mortality,indirectly evaluating the utility of screening protocols.Current positions of major society guidelines are also addressed.Risk-adapted strategies,considering combined factors,are envisioned as the future towards precision medicine.
基金the National Science Centre,Poland,under the Agreement 2022/45/B/ST8/02847 is acknowledged(M.P.).
文摘This study proposes a novel and sustainable method for fabricating 3D-printed carbon-based electrodes for electrochemical wastewater treatment.We prepared B,N-doped carbon electrodes with hierarchical porosity and a significantly enhanced surface area-to-volume ratio(up to 180%)compared to non-optimized analogues using a synergistic combination of 3D printing,phase inversion,and microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition.This process allows the metal-free growth of vertically aligned carbon nanostructures directly onto polymer-derived substrates,resulting in a 20-fold increase in the electrochemically active surface area.Computational fluid dynamics simulations were used to improve mass transport and reduce pressure drop.Electrochemical characterization demonstrated that the optimized electrodes performed significantly better,achieving 4.7-,4-,and 6.5-fold increases in the degradation rates of atenolol,metoprolol,and propranolol,respectively,during electrochemical oxidation.These results highlight the efficacy of the integrated fabrication and simulation approach in producing high-performance electrodes for sustainable wastewater treatment applications.
