The constraints of traditional 3D bioprinting are overcome by 4D bioprinting integrating with adaptable materials over time,resulting in dynamic,compliant,and functional biological structures.This innovative approach ...The constraints of traditional 3D bioprinting are overcome by 4D bioprinting integrating with adaptable materials over time,resulting in dynamic,compliant,and functional biological structures.This innovative approach to bioprinting holds great promise for tissue engineering,regenerative medicine,and advanced drug delivery systems.4D bioprinting is a technology that allows for the extension of 3D bioprinting technology by making predesigned structures change after they are fabricated using smart materials that can alter their characteristics via stimulus,leading to transformation in healthcare,which is able to provide precise personalized effective medical treatment without any side effects.This review article concentrates on some recent developments and applications in the field of 4D bioprinting,which can pave the way for groundbreaking advancements in biomedical sciences.4D printing is a new chapter in bioprinting that introduces dynamism and functional living biological structures.Therefore,smart materials and sophisticated printing techniques can eliminate the challenges associated with printing complex organs and tissues.However,the problems with this process are biocompatibility,immunogenicity,and scalability,which need to be addressed.Moreover,numerous obstacles have been encountered during its widespread adoption in clinical practice.Therefore,4D bioprinting requires improvements in future material science innovations and further development in printers and manufacturing techniques to unlock its potential for better patient care and outcomes.展开更多
The integration of phytochemistry into forensic science has emerged as a groundbreaking frontier,providing unprecedented insights into nature's secrets through the precise application of phytochemical fingerprinti...The integration of phytochemistry into forensic science has emerged as a groundbreaking frontier,providing unprecedented insights into nature's secrets through the precise application of phytochemical fingerprinting of phytotoxins as a cutting-edge approach.This study explores the dynamic intersection of phytochemistry and forensic science,highlighting how the unique phytochemical profiles of toxic plants and their secondary metabolites,serve as distinctive markers for forensic investigations.By utilizing advanced techniques such as Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography(UHPLC)and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry(HRMS),the detection and quantification of plant-derived are made more accurate in forensic contexts.Real-world case studies are presented to demonstrate the critical role of plant toxins in forensic outcomes and legal proceedings.The challenges,potential,and future prospects of integrating phytochemical fingerprinting of plant toxins into forensic science were discussed.This review aims to illuminate phytochemical fingerprinting of plant toxins as a promising tool to enhance the precision and depth of forensic analyses,offering new insights into the complex stories embedded in plant toxins.展开更多
Remembrance activities can support the Culture of Care(CoC)in Laboratory Animal Science(LAS)not only by promoting a culture of respect,gratitude and thankfulness for animal life but also by helping the emotional proce...Remembrance activities can support the Culture of Care(CoC)in Laboratory Animal Science(LAS)not only by promoting a culture of respect,gratitude and thankfulness for animal life but also by helping the emotional processing and healing of lab animal researchers and animal facility staff.Even though remembrance activities are practiced in many parts of the world,we did not come across any reported cases in Sri Lanka before 2022.Therefore,here,we report on the various remembrance activities and practices observed within our local scientific community.展开更多
Background:Diabetic foot,a severe complication of diabetes,is characterized by chronic refractory wounds.Sanhuang Oil,a topical herbal formula,demonstrates significant therapeutic effects including antibacterial,anti-...Background:Diabetic foot,a severe complication of diabetes,is characterized by chronic refractory wounds.Sanhuang Oil,a topical herbal formula,demonstrates significant therapeutic effects including antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,and immunomodulatory activities.However,its active constituents and mechanisms of action against diabetic foot remain to be elucidated.Methods:In this study,the chemical constituents of Sanhuang Oil were identified using UPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS.Subsequently,the mechanism by which Sanhuang Oil promotes diabetic foot ulcer healing was predicted by integrating network pharmacology and molecular docking.Additionally,diabetic mouse model was established in ICR mice using a combination of a high-fat diet(HFD)and streptozotocin(STZ)chemical induction.A full-thickness skin defect was created on the dorsum of the mice.Wound healing and the healing rate were observed following Sanhuang Oil intervention.The mechanism underlying Sanhuang Oil’s promotion of diabetic ulcer healing was further investigated using transcriptomics and histopathological examination(H&E staining).Results:A total of 97 active ingredients were identified from Sanhuang Oil.Network pharmacology analysis predicted 543 common targets,and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis identified 203 relevant pathways.Molecular docking further confirmed high binding affinity(binding energy≤−5.0 kcal/mol)between specific active components in Sanhuang Oil(e.g.,coptisine,phellodendrine,baicalein)and key targets associated with diabetic foot ulcers(e.g.,EGFR,AKT1,STAT3).In vivo experimental results demonstrated that the wound healing rate was significantly higher in Sanhuang Oil-treated groups compared to the model group(P<0.001).HE staining revealed that the high-dose Sanhuang Oil group exhibited more pronounced epithelial tissue coverage over the wound,reduced inflammatory cell infiltration,and increased collagen deposition and fibroblast proliferation.transcriptomic analysis identified Pdk4,Ttn,Csrp3,Actn2,Myoz2,Tnnc2,Myod1,Myog,Myot,and Myf6 as key regulatory proteins involved in promoting wound healing.Conclusion:Sanhuang Oil promotes wound healing in diabetic ulcer mice,potentially by mitigating inflammation and regulating key targets such as Pdk4 to enhance fibroblast function.These findings provide novel insights into the multi-target,multi-pathway mechanism of Sanhuang Oil for treating diabetic foot ulcers.展开更多
The growing global energy demand and worsening climate change highlight the urgent need for clean,efficient and sustainable energy solutions.Among emerging technologies,atomically thin two-dimensional(2D)materials off...The growing global energy demand and worsening climate change highlight the urgent need for clean,efficient and sustainable energy solutions.Among emerging technologies,atomically thin two-dimensional(2D)materials offer unique advantages in photovoltaics due to their tunable optoelectronic properties,high surface area and efficient charge transport capabilities.This review explores recent progress in photovoltaics incorporating 2D materials,focusing on their application as hole and electron transport layers to optimize bandgap alignment,enhance carrier mobility and improve chemical stability.A comprehensive analysis is presented on perovskite solar cells utilizing 2D materials,with a particular focus on strategies to enhance crystallization,passivate defects and improve overall cell efficiency.Additionally,the application of 2D materials in organic solar cells is examined,particularly for reducing recombination losses and enhancing charge extraction through work function modification.Their impact on dye-sensitized solar cells,including catalytic activity and counter electrode performance,is also explored.Finally,the review outlines key challenges,material limitations and performance metrics,offering insight into the future development of nextgeneration photovoltaic devices encouraged by 2D materials.展开更多
Fig.8e in our paper(Groves et al.,2018)was incorrectly ascribed to Caddey et al.(1995).It is actually taken from Figure 3 in Morelli et al.(2010).In turn,this was derived from Bell(2013).The authors apologise for this...Fig.8e in our paper(Groves et al.,2018)was incorrectly ascribed to Caddey et al.(1995).It is actually taken from Figure 3 in Morelli et al.(2010).In turn,this was derived from Bell(2013).The authors apologise for this unintentional error.展开更多
Recently we proposed “quantum language” (or, “the linguistic Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics”, “measurement theory”) as the language of science. This theory asserts the probabilistic interpretatio...Recently we proposed “quantum language” (or, “the linguistic Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics”, “measurement theory”) as the language of science. This theory asserts the probabilistic interpretation of science (=the linguistic quantum mechanical worldview), which is a kind of mathematical generalization of Born’s probabilistic interpretation of quantum mechanics. In this paper, we consider the most fundamental problems in philosophy of science such as Hempel’s raven paradox, Hume’s problem of induction, Goodman’s grue paradox, Peirce’s abduction, flagpole problem, which are closely related to measurement. We believe that these problems can never be solved without the basic theory of science with axioms. Since our worldview (=quantum language) has the axiom concerning measurement, these problems can be solved easily. Thus we believe that quantum language is the central theory in philosophy of science. Hence there is a reason to assert that quantum language gives the mathematical foundations to science.展开更多
Time is an essential reference system for recording objects,events,and processes in the field of geosciences.There are currently various time references,such as solar calendar,geological time,and regional calendar,to ...Time is an essential reference system for recording objects,events,and processes in the field of geosciences.There are currently various time references,such as solar calendar,geological time,and regional calendar,to represent the knowledge in different domains and regions,which subsequently entails a time conversion process required to interpret temporal information under different time references.However,the current time conversion method is limited by the application scope of existing time ontologies(e.g.,“Jurassic”is a period in geological ontology,but a point value in calendar ontology)and the reliance on experience in conversion processes.These issues restrict accurate and efficient calculation of temporal information across different time references.To address these issues,this paper proposes a Unified Time Framework(UTF)in the geosciences knowledge system.According to a systematic time element parsing from massive time references,the proposed UTF designs an independent time root node to get rid of irrelevant nodes when accessing different time types and to adapt to the time expression of different geoscience disciplines.Furthermore,this UTF carries out several designs:to ensure the accuracy of time expressions by designing quantitative relationship definitions;to enable time calculations across different time elements by designing unified time nodes and structures,and to link to the required external ontologies by designing adequate interfaces.By comparing the time conversion methods,the experiment proves the UTF greatly supports accurate and efficient calculation of temporal information across different time references in SPARQL queries.Moreover,it shows a higher and more stable performance of temporal information queries than the time conversion method.With the advent of the Big Data era in the geosciences,the UTF can be used more widely to discover new geosciences knowledge across different time references.展开更多
Purpose: To report the retrospective study of using intravaginal brachytherapy as adjuvant monotherapy for endometrial cancer. Materials and Methods: From 2001-2009, 47 patients who received completely surgical stagin...Purpose: To report the retrospective study of using intravaginal brachytherapy as adjuvant monotherapy for endometrial cancer. Materials and Methods: From 2001-2009, 47 patients who received completely surgical staging for endometrial carcinoma and were designed by multidisciplinary team were enrolled. All patients received intravaginal brachytherapy (IVBT) with the dose of 5.5 - 7 Gy in 2 - 6 fractions. The treatment results and late toxicities were evaluated and recorded. Results: At the median follow-up time of 44 months, the local control, disease-free survival, metastasis-free survival and overall survival rates were 100%, 97.9%, 97.9% and, 97.9%, respectively. Only age showed the statistical significance with the p-value of 0.046. Two patients (4.3%) developed late genitourinary toxicity. Conclusion: The using of adjuvant IVBT as monotherapy for endometrial carcinoma is feasible.展开更多
Dialects are a specific form of geographic variation of birdsong with relatively sharp boundaries between distinct song characteristics,which provide opportunities for focused studies of processes underlying the emerg...Dialects are a specific form of geographic variation of birdsong with relatively sharp boundaries between distinct song characteristics,which provide opportunities for focused studies of processes underlying the emergence of spatial patterns in vocalization.Several songbird species that exhibit dialects became models for such research,and for some of them large-scale datasets were assembled that included recordings provided by the public.Among them,the Yellowhammer(Emberiza citrinella,Emberizidae) is particularly prominent,as it has been recently a subject of dedicated citizen science projects focusing on its dialect distribution.The most successful,in terms of public participation as well as the number and density of obtained recordings,was the Dialects of Czech Yellowhammers(DCY) project,which assembled detailed data at the whole-country level.A mosaic of almost all common song variants known across Europe was observed in Czechia,but the results indicated that some of the traditionally recognized Yellowhammer dialects may not represent geographically clustered song variants,at least not in Central Europe.We quantitatively analysed variation(frequency and temporal characteristics and modulation) of the terminal song element in three dialects defined by arbitrary frequency thresholds in DCY.Multivariate analyses indicated that pooling these to two distinct groups reflects the variation in the songs,as well as their spatial distribution,better than retaining the current classification to three dialects or their finer splitting to even more categories.We provide simple measures that may be used for classification of these Yellowhammer song variants in Central Europe.However,we warn from indiscriminate transposing of results from one region to another,as that may lead to substantial biases.Future studies of birdsong variation will benefit from big data assembled by citizen scientists,but to maximise their usefulness for further dialect research,careful delineation of dialect boundaries is essential.展开更多
Purpose: To report the retrospective study of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) ± intravaginal brachytherapy (IVBT) as adjuvant treatment for endometrial cancer. Materials and Methods: From 2001-2009, 152 patient...Purpose: To report the retrospective study of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) ± intravaginal brachytherapy (IVBT) as adjuvant treatment for endometrial cancer. Materials and Methods: From 2001-2009, 152 patients received complete surgical staging for endometrial carcinoma and were designed by a multidisciplinary team to receive EBRT ± IVBT. The treatment results and late toxicities were evaluated and recorded. Results: At the median follow-up time of 43 months, the disease-free survival, metastasis-free survival and overall survival rates were 96.9%, 96.9% and 96.9%, respectively. Stage and age showed the statistical significance with the p-value of less than 0.001. From five to ten percent of patients developed Grades 1-2 late gastrointestinal and genitourinary toxicities, respectively. Conclusion: The using of adjuvant EBRT ± IVBT for endometrial?carcinoma yielded treatment results and acceptable toxicities.展开更多
Groundwater and surface water contamination by PTE(Potentially Toxic Elements)was assessed in Ruashi and Annexe municipalities of Lubumbashi city.Analyses of seventy water samples collected from six drilled wells,eigh...Groundwater and surface water contamination by PTE(Potentially Toxic Elements)was assessed in Ruashi and Annexe municipalities of Lubumbashi city.Analyses of seventy water samples collected from six drilled wells,eight spade-sunk wells,one river and one spring in both municipalities in 2017 and 2018 were carried out by ICP-SF-MS(Inductively Coupled Plasma-Sector Field Mass Spectrometry).Twenty PTEs including aluminum,arsenic,barium,bismuth,cadmium,cesium,chromium,cobalt,copper,iron,lead,manganese,molybdenum,nickel,strontium,thallium,tungsten,uranium,vanadium and zinc were detected at various concentrations in each one of the samples.Many samples had concentrations and mean concentrations of PTEs,such as aluminum,cadmium,copper,iron,lead,manganese,nickel and zinc,higher than the respective acceptable limits set for drinking water by the EU(European Union),the USEPA(United States Environmental Protection Agency),and the WHO(World Health Organization)standards.Most PTEs being deleterious to human health even at very low concentrations,people who use the groundwater and surface water to meet their water needs in both Ruashi and Annexe municipalities are at risk.展开更多
Our study consists of a careful literature review carried out with the aim of better understanding the models developed in the field of biocontrol of postharvest fungal rot in apples(PHFRA)over the past two decades.It...Our study consists of a careful literature review carried out with the aim of better understanding the models developed in the field of biocontrol of postharvest fungal rot in apples(PHFRA)over the past two decades.It aims,more specifically,to shed light on the progress made by examining the products developed,their nature,their target pathogens,their effectiveness,theirs modes of action and the stage of their development.The post-harvest biocontrol of apples has made remarkable progress during the last twenty years of research.Several products(yeasts,bacteria,filamentous fungi and actinomycetes)have been selected.Some,are already marketed,others are at different stages of development.However,several points limit the optimal use of microbial antagonists in the bio-management of post-harvest apple rots as an alternative to chemicals.It is,in fact,still necessary to develop appropriate formulations of these microbial biocontrol agents,to better study their mechanisms of action,to test them under commercial conditions and against a broad spectrum of pathogens and hosts.However,although sometimes considered less effective than chemical treatments,biocontrol products based on microorganisms have major advantages for an application in an integrated post-harvest apple protection strategy.展开更多
The fields of structural geology and tectonics have witnessed great progress over the last decade and are poised for further expansion in the future. One of the significant breakthroughs is the establishment of the &#...The fields of structural geology and tectonics have witnessed great progress over the last decade and are poised for further expansion in the future. One of the significant breakthroughs is the establishment of the 'Beyond Plate Tectonics Theory' where a combination of conceptual models and numerical modeling on plume tectonics and plate tectonics has enabled new insights into the structural and tectonic architecture and processes in the deep interior and deep sea. This paper synthesizes developments of structural geology and tectonics from a macroscopic perspective in deep interior and deep sea. Four key techniques are also reviewed: satellite altimetry for surface structures in deep-sea multi-beam sea-floor mapping; tomography for tectonics of the deep interior; diverse modeling approaches and software for unfolding dynamic evolution; and techniques for HT/HP experiments on material rheology and in situ component measurements.展开更多
As battery technology evolves and demand for efficient energy storage solutions,aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs)have garnered significant attention due to their safety and environmental benefits.However,the stability...As battery technology evolves and demand for efficient energy storage solutions,aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs)have garnered significant attention due to their safety and environmental benefits.However,the stability of cathode materials under high-voltage conditions remains a critical challenge in improving its energy density.This review systematically explores the failure mechanisms of high-voltage cathode materials in AZIBs,including hydrogen evolution reaction,phase transformation and dissolution phenomena.To address these challenges,we propose a range of advanced strategies aimed at improving the stability of cathode materials.These strategies include surface coating and doping techniques designed to fortify the surface properties and structure integrity of the cathode materials under high-voltage conditions.Additionally,we emphasize the importance of designing antioxidant electrolytes,with a focus on understanding and optimizing electrolyte decomposition mechanisms.The review also highlights the significance of modifying conductive agents and employing innovative separators to further enhance the stability of AZIBs.By integrating these cutting-edge approaches,this review anticipates substantial advancements in the stability of high-voltage cathode materials,paving the way for the broader application and development of AZIBs in energy storage.展开更多
Backfill is often employed in mining operations for ground support,with its positive impact on ground stability acknowledged in many underground mines.However,existing studies have predominantly focused only on the st...Backfill is often employed in mining operations for ground support,with its positive impact on ground stability acknowledged in many underground mines.However,existing studies have predominantly focused only on the stress development within the backfill material,leaving the influence of stope backfilling on stress distribution in surrounding rock mass and ground stability largely unexplored.Therefore,this paper presents numerical models in FLAC3D to investigate,for the first time,the time-dependent stress redistribution around a vertical backfilled stope and its implications on ground stability,considering the creep of surrounding rock mass.Using the Soft Soil constitutive model,the compressibility of backfill under large pressure was captured.It is found that the creep deformation of rock mass exercises compression on backfill and results in a less void ratio and increased modulus for fill material.The compacted backfill conversely influenced the stress distribution and ground stability of rock mass which was a combined effect of wall creep and compressibility of backfill.With the increase of time or/and creep deformation,the minimum principal stress in the rocks surrounding the backfilled stope increased towards the pre-mining stress state,while the deviatoric stress reduces leading to an increased factor of safety and improved ground stability.This improvement effect of backfill on ground stability increased with the increase of mine depth and stope height,while it is also more pronounced for the narrow stope,the backfill with a smaller compression index,and the soft rocks with a smaller viscosity coefficient.Furthermore,the results emphasize the importance of minimizing empty time and backfilling extracted stope as soon as possible for ground control.Reduction of filling gap height enhances the local stability around the roof of stope.展开更多
In recent years, the research advancements have high-lighted the critical role of the A-site cation in determining the optoelectronic and physicochemical properties of organicinorganic lead halide perovskites. Mixed-c...In recent years, the research advancements have high-lighted the critical role of the A-site cation in determining the optoelectronic and physicochemical properties of organicinorganic lead halide perovskites. Mixed-cation perovskites(MCPs) have been extensively used as absorber thin films in perovskite solar cells(PSCs), achieving high power conversion efficiencies(PCE) over 26%^([1, 2]).展开更多
CO_(2)hydrogenation to value-added light olefins(C_(2-4)=)is crucial for the utilization and cycling of global carbon resource.Moderate CO_(2)activation and carbon chain growth ability are key factors for iron-based c...CO_(2)hydrogenation to value-added light olefins(C_(2-4)=)is crucial for the utilization and cycling of global carbon resource.Moderate CO_(2)activation and carbon chain growth ability are key factors for iron-based catalysts for efficient CO_(2)conversion to target C_(2-4)=products.The electronic interaction and confinement effect of electron-deficient graphene inner surface on the active phase are effective to improve surface chemical properties and enhance the catalytic performance.Here,we report a core-shell FeCo alloy catalyst with graphene layers confinement prepared by a simple sol-gel method.The electron transfer from Fe species to curved graphene inner surface modifies the surface electronic structure of the active phaseχ-(Fe_(x)Co_(1-x))_(5)C_(2)and improves CO_(2)adsorption capacity,enhancing the efficient conversion of CO_(2)and moderate C-C coupling.Therefore,the catalyst FeCoK@C exhibits C_(2-4)=selectivity of 33.0%while maintaining high CO_(2)conversion of 52.0%.The high stability without obvious deactivation for over 100 h and unprecedented C_(2-4)=space time yield(STY)up to 52.9 mmolCO_(2)·g^(-1)·h^(-1)demonstrate its potential for practical application.This work provides an efficient strategy for the development of high-performance CO_(2)hydrogenation catalysts.展开更多
A 3D crustal model was constructed using a combination of cutting-edge techniques,which were integrated to provide a density model for Egypt and address the sporadic distribution of seismic data.These techniques inclu...A 3D crustal model was constructed using a combination of cutting-edge techniques,which were integrated to provide a density model for Egypt and address the sporadic distribution of seismic data.These techniques include obtaining gravity data from the Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer(GOCE),creating seismic profiles,analyzing the receiver functions of seismic data,obtaining information from boreholes,and providing geological interpretations.GOCE satellite gravity data were processed to construct a preliminary model based on nonlinear inversions of the data.A regional crustal thickness model was developed using receiver functions,seismic refraction profiles,and geological insights.The inverted model was validated using borehole data and compared with seismic estimates.The model exhibited strong consistency and revealed a correlation between crustal thickness,geology,and tectonics of Egypt.It showed that the shallowest depths of the Moho are located in the north along the Mediterranean Sea and in the eastern part along the Red Sea,reflecting an oceanic plate with a thin,high-density crust.The deepest Moho depths are located in the southwestern part of Egypt,Red Sea coastal mountains,and Sinai Peninsula.The obtained 3D model of crustal thickness provided finely detailed Moho depth estimates that aligned closely with geology and tectonic characteristics of Egypt,contributing valuable insights into the subsurface structure and tectonic processes of region.展开更多
Dibromoethane is a widespread,persistent organic pollutant.Biochars are known mediators of reductive dehalogenation by layered Fe^(Ⅱ)-Fe^(Ⅲ)hydroxides(green rust),which can reduce 1,2-dibromoethane to innocuous brom...Dibromoethane is a widespread,persistent organic pollutant.Biochars are known mediators of reductive dehalogenation by layered Fe^(Ⅱ)-Fe^(Ⅲ)hydroxides(green rust),which can reduce 1,2-dibromoethane to innocuous bromide and ethylene.However,the critical characteristics that determine mediator functionality are lesser known.Fifteen biochar substrates were pyrolyzed at 600℃and 800℃,characterized by elemental analysis,X-ray photo spectrometry C and N surface speciation,X-ray powder diffraction,specific surface area analysis,and tested for mediation of reductive debromination of 1,2-dibromoethane by a green rust reductant under anoxic conditions.A statistical analysis was performed to determine the biochar properties,critical for debromination kinetics and total debromination extent.It was shown that selected plant based biochars can mediate debromination of 1,2-dibromoethane,that the highest first order rate constant was 0.082/hr,and the highest debromination extent was 27%in reactivity experiments with 0.1μmol(20μmol/L)1,2-dibromoethane,≈22 mmol/L Fe^(Ⅱ)GR,and 0.12 g/L soybean meal biochar(7 days).Contents of Ni,Zn,N,and P,and the relative contribution of quinone surface functional groups were significantly(p<0.05)positively correlated with 1,2-dibromoethane debromination,while adsorption,specific surface area,and the relative contribution of pyridinic N oxide surface groups were significantly negatively correlated with debromination.展开更多
基金the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK) for their support through the TÜBİTAK 2211-A National PhD Fellowship Program
文摘The constraints of traditional 3D bioprinting are overcome by 4D bioprinting integrating with adaptable materials over time,resulting in dynamic,compliant,and functional biological structures.This innovative approach to bioprinting holds great promise for tissue engineering,regenerative medicine,and advanced drug delivery systems.4D bioprinting is a technology that allows for the extension of 3D bioprinting technology by making predesigned structures change after they are fabricated using smart materials that can alter their characteristics via stimulus,leading to transformation in healthcare,which is able to provide precise personalized effective medical treatment without any side effects.This review article concentrates on some recent developments and applications in the field of 4D bioprinting,which can pave the way for groundbreaking advancements in biomedical sciences.4D printing is a new chapter in bioprinting that introduces dynamism and functional living biological structures.Therefore,smart materials and sophisticated printing techniques can eliminate the challenges associated with printing complex organs and tissues.However,the problems with this process are biocompatibility,immunogenicity,and scalability,which need to be addressed.Moreover,numerous obstacles have been encountered during its widespread adoption in clinical practice.Therefore,4D bioprinting requires improvements in future material science innovations and further development in printers and manufacturing techniques to unlock its potential for better patient care and outcomes.
文摘The integration of phytochemistry into forensic science has emerged as a groundbreaking frontier,providing unprecedented insights into nature's secrets through the precise application of phytochemical fingerprinting of phytotoxins as a cutting-edge approach.This study explores the dynamic intersection of phytochemistry and forensic science,highlighting how the unique phytochemical profiles of toxic plants and their secondary metabolites,serve as distinctive markers for forensic investigations.By utilizing advanced techniques such as Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography(UHPLC)and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry(HRMS),the detection and quantification of plant-derived are made more accurate in forensic contexts.Real-world case studies are presented to demonstrate the critical role of plant toxins in forensic outcomes and legal proceedings.The challenges,potential,and future prospects of integrating phytochemical fingerprinting of plant toxins into forensic science were discussed.This review aims to illuminate phytochemical fingerprinting of plant toxins as a promising tool to enhance the precision and depth of forensic analyses,offering new insights into the complex stories embedded in plant toxins.
文摘Remembrance activities can support the Culture of Care(CoC)in Laboratory Animal Science(LAS)not only by promoting a culture of respect,gratitude and thankfulness for animal life but also by helping the emotional processing and healing of lab animal researchers and animal facility staff.Even though remembrance activities are practiced in many parts of the world,we did not come across any reported cases in Sri Lanka before 2022.Therefore,here,we report on the various remembrance activities and practices observed within our local scientific community.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Provincial Department of Education(D20232101)Shandong Second Medical University 2024 Affiliated Hospital(Teaching Hospital)Scientific Research Development Fund Project(2024FYQ026)+3 种基金the innovative Research Programme of Xiangyang No.1 People’s Hospital(XYY2023ZY01)Faculty Development Grants of Xiangyang No.1 People’s Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine(XYY2023D05)Joint supported by Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation and Xiangyang of China(2025AFD091)Traditional Chinese Medicine Scientific Research Project of Hubei Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(ZY2025D019).
文摘Background:Diabetic foot,a severe complication of diabetes,is characterized by chronic refractory wounds.Sanhuang Oil,a topical herbal formula,demonstrates significant therapeutic effects including antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,and immunomodulatory activities.However,its active constituents and mechanisms of action against diabetic foot remain to be elucidated.Methods:In this study,the chemical constituents of Sanhuang Oil were identified using UPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS.Subsequently,the mechanism by which Sanhuang Oil promotes diabetic foot ulcer healing was predicted by integrating network pharmacology and molecular docking.Additionally,diabetic mouse model was established in ICR mice using a combination of a high-fat diet(HFD)and streptozotocin(STZ)chemical induction.A full-thickness skin defect was created on the dorsum of the mice.Wound healing and the healing rate were observed following Sanhuang Oil intervention.The mechanism underlying Sanhuang Oil’s promotion of diabetic ulcer healing was further investigated using transcriptomics and histopathological examination(H&E staining).Results:A total of 97 active ingredients were identified from Sanhuang Oil.Network pharmacology analysis predicted 543 common targets,and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis identified 203 relevant pathways.Molecular docking further confirmed high binding affinity(binding energy≤−5.0 kcal/mol)between specific active components in Sanhuang Oil(e.g.,coptisine,phellodendrine,baicalein)and key targets associated with diabetic foot ulcers(e.g.,EGFR,AKT1,STAT3).In vivo experimental results demonstrated that the wound healing rate was significantly higher in Sanhuang Oil-treated groups compared to the model group(P<0.001).HE staining revealed that the high-dose Sanhuang Oil group exhibited more pronounced epithelial tissue coverage over the wound,reduced inflammatory cell infiltration,and increased collagen deposition and fibroblast proliferation.transcriptomic analysis identified Pdk4,Ttn,Csrp3,Actn2,Myoz2,Tnnc2,Myod1,Myog,Myot,and Myf6 as key regulatory proteins involved in promoting wound healing.Conclusion:Sanhuang Oil promotes wound healing in diabetic ulcer mice,potentially by mitigating inflammation and regulating key targets such as Pdk4 to enhance fibroblast function.These findings provide novel insights into the multi-target,multi-pathway mechanism of Sanhuang Oil for treating diabetic foot ulcers.
基金supported by the IITP(Institute of Information & Communications Technology Planning & Evaluation)-ITRC(Information Technology Research Center) grant funded by the Korea government(Ministry of Science and ICT) (IITP-2025-RS-2024-00437191, and RS-2025-02303505)partly supported by the Korea Basic Science Institute (National Research Facilities and Equipment Center) grant funded by the Ministry of Education. (No. 2022R1A6C101A774)the Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia, through Large Research Project under grant number RGP-2/527/46
文摘The growing global energy demand and worsening climate change highlight the urgent need for clean,efficient and sustainable energy solutions.Among emerging technologies,atomically thin two-dimensional(2D)materials offer unique advantages in photovoltaics due to their tunable optoelectronic properties,high surface area and efficient charge transport capabilities.This review explores recent progress in photovoltaics incorporating 2D materials,focusing on their application as hole and electron transport layers to optimize bandgap alignment,enhance carrier mobility and improve chemical stability.A comprehensive analysis is presented on perovskite solar cells utilizing 2D materials,with a particular focus on strategies to enhance crystallization,passivate defects and improve overall cell efficiency.Additionally,the application of 2D materials in organic solar cells is examined,particularly for reducing recombination losses and enhancing charge extraction through work function modification.Their impact on dye-sensitized solar cells,including catalytic activity and counter electrode performance,is also explored.Finally,the review outlines key challenges,material limitations and performance metrics,offering insight into the future development of nextgeneration photovoltaic devices encouraged by 2D materials.
文摘Fig.8e in our paper(Groves et al.,2018)was incorrectly ascribed to Caddey et al.(1995).It is actually taken from Figure 3 in Morelli et al.(2010).In turn,this was derived from Bell(2013).The authors apologise for this unintentional error.
文摘Recently we proposed “quantum language” (or, “the linguistic Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics”, “measurement theory”) as the language of science. This theory asserts the probabilistic interpretation of science (=the linguistic quantum mechanical worldview), which is a kind of mathematical generalization of Born’s probabilistic interpretation of quantum mechanics. In this paper, we consider the most fundamental problems in philosophy of science such as Hempel’s raven paradox, Hume’s problem of induction, Goodman’s grue paradox, Peirce’s abduction, flagpole problem, which are closely related to measurement. We believe that these problems can never be solved without the basic theory of science with axioms. Since our worldview (=quantum language) has the axiom concerning measurement, these problems can be solved easily. Thus we believe that quantum language is the central theory in philosophy of science. Hence there is a reason to assert that quantum language gives the mathematical foundations to science.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42050101 and 42101467)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA23100101).
文摘Time is an essential reference system for recording objects,events,and processes in the field of geosciences.There are currently various time references,such as solar calendar,geological time,and regional calendar,to represent the knowledge in different domains and regions,which subsequently entails a time conversion process required to interpret temporal information under different time references.However,the current time conversion method is limited by the application scope of existing time ontologies(e.g.,“Jurassic”is a period in geological ontology,but a point value in calendar ontology)and the reliance on experience in conversion processes.These issues restrict accurate and efficient calculation of temporal information across different time references.To address these issues,this paper proposes a Unified Time Framework(UTF)in the geosciences knowledge system.According to a systematic time element parsing from massive time references,the proposed UTF designs an independent time root node to get rid of irrelevant nodes when accessing different time types and to adapt to the time expression of different geoscience disciplines.Furthermore,this UTF carries out several designs:to ensure the accuracy of time expressions by designing quantitative relationship definitions;to enable time calculations across different time elements by designing unified time nodes and structures,and to link to the required external ontologies by designing adequate interfaces.By comparing the time conversion methods,the experiment proves the UTF greatly supports accurate and efficient calculation of temporal information across different time references in SPARQL queries.Moreover,it shows a higher and more stable performance of temporal information queries than the time conversion method.With the advent of the Big Data era in the geosciences,the UTF can be used more widely to discover new geosciences knowledge across different time references.
文摘Purpose: To report the retrospective study of using intravaginal brachytherapy as adjuvant monotherapy for endometrial cancer. Materials and Methods: From 2001-2009, 47 patients who received completely surgical staging for endometrial carcinoma and were designed by multidisciplinary team were enrolled. All patients received intravaginal brachytherapy (IVBT) with the dose of 5.5 - 7 Gy in 2 - 6 fractions. The treatment results and late toxicities were evaluated and recorded. Results: At the median follow-up time of 44 months, the local control, disease-free survival, metastasis-free survival and overall survival rates were 100%, 97.9%, 97.9% and, 97.9%, respectively. Only age showed the statistical significance with the p-value of 0.046. Two patients (4.3%) developed late genitourinary toxicity. Conclusion: The using of adjuvant IVBT as monotherapy for endometrial carcinoma is feasible.
基金funded by the Charles University Grant Agency (project number 312213)
文摘Dialects are a specific form of geographic variation of birdsong with relatively sharp boundaries between distinct song characteristics,which provide opportunities for focused studies of processes underlying the emergence of spatial patterns in vocalization.Several songbird species that exhibit dialects became models for such research,and for some of them large-scale datasets were assembled that included recordings provided by the public.Among them,the Yellowhammer(Emberiza citrinella,Emberizidae) is particularly prominent,as it has been recently a subject of dedicated citizen science projects focusing on its dialect distribution.The most successful,in terms of public participation as well as the number and density of obtained recordings,was the Dialects of Czech Yellowhammers(DCY) project,which assembled detailed data at the whole-country level.A mosaic of almost all common song variants known across Europe was observed in Czechia,but the results indicated that some of the traditionally recognized Yellowhammer dialects may not represent geographically clustered song variants,at least not in Central Europe.We quantitatively analysed variation(frequency and temporal characteristics and modulation) of the terminal song element in three dialects defined by arbitrary frequency thresholds in DCY.Multivariate analyses indicated that pooling these to two distinct groups reflects the variation in the songs,as well as their spatial distribution,better than retaining the current classification to three dialects or their finer splitting to even more categories.We provide simple measures that may be used for classification of these Yellowhammer song variants in Central Europe.However,we warn from indiscriminate transposing of results from one region to another,as that may lead to substantial biases.Future studies of birdsong variation will benefit from big data assembled by citizen scientists,but to maximise their usefulness for further dialect research,careful delineation of dialect boundaries is essential.
文摘Purpose: To report the retrospective study of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) ± intravaginal brachytherapy (IVBT) as adjuvant treatment for endometrial cancer. Materials and Methods: From 2001-2009, 152 patients received complete surgical staging for endometrial carcinoma and were designed by a multidisciplinary team to receive EBRT ± IVBT. The treatment results and late toxicities were evaluated and recorded. Results: At the median follow-up time of 43 months, the disease-free survival, metastasis-free survival and overall survival rates were 96.9%, 96.9% and 96.9%, respectively. Stage and age showed the statistical significance with the p-value of less than 0.001. From five to ten percent of patients developed Grades 1-2 late gastrointestinal and genitourinary toxicities, respectively. Conclusion: The using of adjuvant EBRT ± IVBT for endometrial?carcinoma yielded treatment results and acceptable toxicities.
基金funding received from UNESCO-SIDA Project as well as Professor Martine Leermakers and Professor Willy Baeyens for their financial help to analyze the water samples in their laboratory at VUB.Acknowledgements
文摘Groundwater and surface water contamination by PTE(Potentially Toxic Elements)was assessed in Ruashi and Annexe municipalities of Lubumbashi city.Analyses of seventy water samples collected from six drilled wells,eight spade-sunk wells,one river and one spring in both municipalities in 2017 and 2018 were carried out by ICP-SF-MS(Inductively Coupled Plasma-Sector Field Mass Spectrometry).Twenty PTEs including aluminum,arsenic,barium,bismuth,cadmium,cesium,chromium,cobalt,copper,iron,lead,manganese,molybdenum,nickel,strontium,thallium,tungsten,uranium,vanadium and zinc were detected at various concentrations in each one of the samples.Many samples had concentrations and mean concentrations of PTEs,such as aluminum,cadmium,copper,iron,lead,manganese,nickel and zinc,higher than the respective acceptable limits set for drinking water by the EU(European Union),the USEPA(United States Environmental Protection Agency),and the WHO(World Health Organization)standards.Most PTEs being deleterious to human health even at very low concentrations,people who use the groundwater and surface water to meet their water needs in both Ruashi and Annexe municipalities are at risk.
文摘Our study consists of a careful literature review carried out with the aim of better understanding the models developed in the field of biocontrol of postharvest fungal rot in apples(PHFRA)over the past two decades.It aims,more specifically,to shed light on the progress made by examining the products developed,their nature,their target pathogens,their effectiveness,theirs modes of action and the stage of their development.The post-harvest biocontrol of apples has made remarkable progress during the last twenty years of research.Several products(yeasts,bacteria,filamentous fungi and actinomycetes)have been selected.Some,are already marketed,others are at different stages of development.However,several points limit the optimal use of microbial antagonists in the bio-management of post-harvest apple rots as an alternative to chemicals.It is,in fact,still necessary to develop appropriate formulations of these microbial biocontrol agents,to better study their mechanisms of action,to test them under commercial conditions and against a broad spectrum of pathogens and hosts.However,although sometimes considered less effective than chemical treatments,biocontrol products based on microorganisms have major advantages for an application in an integrated post-harvest apple protection strategy.
基金Funding Sources:Marine 863 Project (No.2009AA093401)Projects of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.41072152,90814011 and 41190072)
文摘The fields of structural geology and tectonics have witnessed great progress over the last decade and are poised for further expansion in the future. One of the significant breakthroughs is the establishment of the 'Beyond Plate Tectonics Theory' where a combination of conceptual models and numerical modeling on plume tectonics and plate tectonics has enabled new insights into the structural and tectonic architecture and processes in the deep interior and deep sea. This paper synthesizes developments of structural geology and tectonics from a macroscopic perspective in deep interior and deep sea. Four key techniques are also reviewed: satellite altimetry for surface structures in deep-sea multi-beam sea-floor mapping; tomography for tectonics of the deep interior; diverse modeling approaches and software for unfolding dynamic evolution; and techniques for HT/HP experiments on material rheology and in situ component measurements.
基金supported by the Exchange Program of Highend Foreign Experts of Ministry of Science and Technology of People’s Republic of China(No.G2023041003L)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education(No.23JK0367)+1 种基金the Scientific Research Startup Program for Introduced Talents of Shaanxi University of Technology(Nos.SLGRCQD2208,SLGRCQD2306,SLGRCQD2133)Contaminated Soil Remediation and Resource Utilization Innovation Team at Shaanxi University of Technology。
文摘As battery technology evolves and demand for efficient energy storage solutions,aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs)have garnered significant attention due to their safety and environmental benefits.However,the stability of cathode materials under high-voltage conditions remains a critical challenge in improving its energy density.This review systematically explores the failure mechanisms of high-voltage cathode materials in AZIBs,including hydrogen evolution reaction,phase transformation and dissolution phenomena.To address these challenges,we propose a range of advanced strategies aimed at improving the stability of cathode materials.These strategies include surface coating and doping techniques designed to fortify the surface properties and structure integrity of the cathode materials under high-voltage conditions.Additionally,we emphasize the importance of designing antioxidant electrolytes,with a focus on understanding and optimizing electrolyte decomposition mechanisms.The review also highlights the significance of modifying conductive agents and employing innovative separators to further enhance the stability of AZIBs.By integrating these cutting-edge approaches,this review anticipates substantial advancements in the stability of high-voltage cathode materials,paving the way for the broader application and development of AZIBs in energy storage.
基金the funding support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52304101 and 52004206)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2023MD734215)。
文摘Backfill is often employed in mining operations for ground support,with its positive impact on ground stability acknowledged in many underground mines.However,existing studies have predominantly focused only on the stress development within the backfill material,leaving the influence of stope backfilling on stress distribution in surrounding rock mass and ground stability largely unexplored.Therefore,this paper presents numerical models in FLAC3D to investigate,for the first time,the time-dependent stress redistribution around a vertical backfilled stope and its implications on ground stability,considering the creep of surrounding rock mass.Using the Soft Soil constitutive model,the compressibility of backfill under large pressure was captured.It is found that the creep deformation of rock mass exercises compression on backfill and results in a less void ratio and increased modulus for fill material.The compacted backfill conversely influenced the stress distribution and ground stability of rock mass which was a combined effect of wall creep and compressibility of backfill.With the increase of time or/and creep deformation,the minimum principal stress in the rocks surrounding the backfilled stope increased towards the pre-mining stress state,while the deviatoric stress reduces leading to an increased factor of safety and improved ground stability.This improvement effect of backfill on ground stability increased with the increase of mine depth and stope height,while it is also more pronounced for the narrow stope,the backfill with a smaller compression index,and the soft rocks with a smaller viscosity coefficient.Furthermore,the results emphasize the importance of minimizing empty time and backfilling extracted stope as soon as possible for ground control.Reduction of filling gap height enhances the local stability around the roof of stope.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52462032, 62274018, 52462031)Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province (202501AT070353, 202101BE070001-049)+2 种基金the Xinjiang Construction Corps Key Areas of Science and Technology Research Project (2023AB029)the Tianchi Talent Program of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (2024, Jiangzhao Chen)the Key Project of Chongqing Overseas Students Returning to China Entrepreneurship and Innovation Support Plan (cx2023006)。
文摘In recent years, the research advancements have high-lighted the critical role of the A-site cation in determining the optoelectronic and physicochemical properties of organicinorganic lead halide perovskites. Mixed-cation perovskites(MCPs) have been extensively used as absorber thin films in perovskite solar cells(PSCs), achieving high power conversion efficiencies(PCE) over 26%^([1, 2]).
文摘CO_(2)hydrogenation to value-added light olefins(C_(2-4)=)is crucial for the utilization and cycling of global carbon resource.Moderate CO_(2)activation and carbon chain growth ability are key factors for iron-based catalysts for efficient CO_(2)conversion to target C_(2-4)=products.The electronic interaction and confinement effect of electron-deficient graphene inner surface on the active phase are effective to improve surface chemical properties and enhance the catalytic performance.Here,we report a core-shell FeCo alloy catalyst with graphene layers confinement prepared by a simple sol-gel method.The electron transfer from Fe species to curved graphene inner surface modifies the surface electronic structure of the active phaseχ-(Fe_(x)Co_(1-x))_(5)C_(2)and improves CO_(2)adsorption capacity,enhancing the efficient conversion of CO_(2)and moderate C-C coupling.Therefore,the catalyst FeCoK@C exhibits C_(2-4)=selectivity of 33.0%while maintaining high CO_(2)conversion of 52.0%.The high stability without obvious deactivation for over 100 h and unprecedented C_(2-4)=space time yield(STY)up to 52.9 mmolCO_(2)·g^(-1)·h^(-1)demonstrate its potential for practical application.This work provides an efficient strategy for the development of high-performance CO_(2)hydrogenation catalysts.
文摘A 3D crustal model was constructed using a combination of cutting-edge techniques,which were integrated to provide a density model for Egypt and address the sporadic distribution of seismic data.These techniques include obtaining gravity data from the Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer(GOCE),creating seismic profiles,analyzing the receiver functions of seismic data,obtaining information from boreholes,and providing geological interpretations.GOCE satellite gravity data were processed to construct a preliminary model based on nonlinear inversions of the data.A regional crustal thickness model was developed using receiver functions,seismic refraction profiles,and geological insights.The inverted model was validated using borehole data and compared with seismic estimates.The model exhibited strong consistency and revealed a correlation between crustal thickness,geology,and tectonics of Egypt.It showed that the shallowest depths of the Moho are located in the north along the Mediterranean Sea and in the eastern part along the Red Sea,reflecting an oceanic plate with a thin,high-density crust.The deepest Moho depths are located in the southwestern part of Egypt,Red Sea coastal mountains,and Sinai Peninsula.The obtained 3D model of crustal thickness provided finely detailed Moho depth estimates that aligned closely with geology and tectonic characteristics of Egypt,contributing valuable insights into the subsurface structure and tectonic processes of region.
文摘Dibromoethane is a widespread,persistent organic pollutant.Biochars are known mediators of reductive dehalogenation by layered Fe^(Ⅱ)-Fe^(Ⅲ)hydroxides(green rust),which can reduce 1,2-dibromoethane to innocuous bromide and ethylene.However,the critical characteristics that determine mediator functionality are lesser known.Fifteen biochar substrates were pyrolyzed at 600℃and 800℃,characterized by elemental analysis,X-ray photo spectrometry C and N surface speciation,X-ray powder diffraction,specific surface area analysis,and tested for mediation of reductive debromination of 1,2-dibromoethane by a green rust reductant under anoxic conditions.A statistical analysis was performed to determine the biochar properties,critical for debromination kinetics and total debromination extent.It was shown that selected plant based biochars can mediate debromination of 1,2-dibromoethane,that the highest first order rate constant was 0.082/hr,and the highest debromination extent was 27%in reactivity experiments with 0.1μmol(20μmol/L)1,2-dibromoethane,≈22 mmol/L Fe^(Ⅱ)GR,and 0.12 g/L soybean meal biochar(7 days).Contents of Ni,Zn,N,and P,and the relative contribution of quinone surface functional groups were significantly(p<0.05)positively correlated with 1,2-dibromoethane debromination,while adsorption,specific surface area,and the relative contribution of pyridinic N oxide surface groups were significantly negatively correlated with debromination.
