This study examines the key factors that have impact on the successful adoption of Human Resource Information System (HRIS) within the Aqaba Special Economic Zone Authority (ASEZA)/Jordan. In order to accomplish the p...This study examines the key factors that have impact on the successful adoption of Human Resource Information System (HRIS) within the Aqaba Special Economic Zone Authority (ASEZA)/Jordan. In order to accomplish the purpose of the study four critical factors are inquired. So, four critical factors are inquired: First, TAM Model (Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU) and Perceived Usefulness (PU)). Second, Information Technology Infrastructure (ITI). Third, Top Management Support (TMS). Finally, Individual Experience with Computer (IEC). The research model was applied to collect data from the questionnaires answered by 45 users of HRIS as a source of primary data, based on a convenience sample the response rate was about 91%. In addition, the results were analyzed by utilizing the Statistical Package for Social Software (SPSS). Furthermore, the findings were analyzed;multiple Regression analysis indicated that all research variables have significant relationship on successful adoption of HRIS. The findings indicated IT infrastructures have a positive and significant effect on the successful adoption of HRIS. But there is no significant of PU, PEOU, TMS, and IEC on the successful adoption of HRIS. Finally, the results indicated that no significant statistical differences of demographic characteristics on HRIS adoption. Depending on the research’s findings;the researchers proposed a set of recommendations for better adoption of HRIS in SEZA.展开更多
The quantitatively/semi-quantitatively formation conditions of vertical dominant hydrocarbon migration pathways were analyzed based on the big data analysis of petroleum geological parameters of complex fault Zone zon...The quantitatively/semi-quantitatively formation conditions of vertical dominant hydrocarbon migration pathways were analyzed based on the big data analysis of petroleum geological parameters of complex fault Zone zone in the central-south Bohai Bay. According to this condition, the vertical dominant migration pathway and its charge points/segments are searched through structural modeling assistant analysis in the East Sag of Huanghekou. Under the constraints of charge points/segments, numerical simulation of hydrocarbon charge and migration is carried out to successfully predict hydrocarbon migration pathways and hydrocarbon enrichment blocks in shallow layers of complex fault zone. The main results are as follows:(1) The hydrocarbon charge in shallow layers of the active fault zone is differential, the charge points/sections of vertical dominant migration pathways are the starting points of shallow hydrocarbon migration and are very important for the hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in the shallow layers.(2) Among the shallow faults, those cutting the deep transfer bins or deep major migration pathways, with fault throw of more than 80 m in the accumulation period and the juxtaposition thickness between fault and caprock of the deep layers of less than 400 m are likely to be vertical dominant migration pathways in the sag area.(3) By controlling the vertical dominant migration pathways and charging points/segments in carrier layer, Neo-tectonic movement caused the differential hydrocarbon accumulation in the complex fault zone. The research results are of great significance for the fine exploration of the complex fault zone.展开更多
The number and diversity of inhibitory neurons(INs)increased substantially during mammalian brain evolution.However,the generative mechanisms of the vast repertoire of human INs remain elusive.We performed spatial and...The number and diversity of inhibitory neurons(INs)increased substantially during mammalian brain evolution.However,the generative mechanisms of the vast repertoire of human INs remain elusive.We performed spatial and single-cell transcriptomics of human medial ganglionic eminence(hMGE),a pivotal source of cortical and subpallial INs,and built the trajectories of hMGE-derived cells during brain development.We identified spatiotemporally and molecularly segregated progenitor cell populations fated to produce distinct IN types.展开更多
Potential fishing zones for skipjack tuna in the Bone Bay-Flores Sea were investigated from satellite-based oceanography and catch data, using a linear model (generalized linear model) constructed from generalized add...Potential fishing zones for skipjack tuna in the Bone Bay-Flores Sea were investigated from satellite-based oceanography and catch data, using a linear model (generalized linear model) constructed from generalized additive models and geographic information systems. Monthly mean remotely sensed sea surface temperature and surface chlorophyll-a concentration during the southeast monsoon (April-August) were used for the year 2012. The best generalized additive model was selected to assess the effect of marine environment variables (sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a concentration) on skipjack tuna abundance (catch per unit effort). Then, the appropriate linear model was constructed from the functional relationship of the generalized additive model for generating a robust predictive model. Model selection process for the generalized additive model was based on significance of model terms, decrease in residual deviance, and increase in cumulative variance explained, whereas the model selection for the linear model was based on decrease in residual deviance, reduction in Akaike’s Information Criterion, increasing cumulative variance explained and significance of model terms. The best model was selected to predict skipjack tuna abundance and their spatial distribution patterns over entire study area. A simple linear model was used to verify the predicted values. Results indicated that the distribution pattern of potential fishing zones for skipjack during the southeast monsoon were well characterized by sea surface temperatures ranging from 28.5℃ to 30.5 ℃ and chlorophyll-a ranging from 0.10 to 0.20 mg·m-3. Predicted highest catch per unit efforts were significantly consistent with the fishing data (P 2 = 0.8), suggesting that the oceanographic indicators may correspond well with the potential feeding ground for skipjack tuna. This good feeding opportunity for skipjack was driven the dynamics of upwelling operating within study area which are capable of creating a highly potential fishing zone during the southeast monsoon.展开更多
Objective The Yanshan Fold Belt is located within the northern margin of the North China platform and contains welldeveloped and widespread Neoproterozoic and Mesoproterozoic sedimentary units with a total thickness o...Objective The Yanshan Fold Belt is located within the northern margin of the North China platform and contains welldeveloped and widespread Neoproterozoic and Mesoproterozoic sedimentary units with a total thickness of up to 9000 m.Previous studies identified many oil seedlings as well as asphalt and ancient hydrocarbon reservoirs in Northern Hebei depression and western Liaoning depression.This research indicates that the Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic sedimentary units are ideally suited for the formation of significant oil and gas resources.The Niu D1 well was drilled by the China Geological Survey(CGS)in the Niuyingzi area and intercepted oil immersions and oil-and gas-bearing units within a limestone reservoir in the middle Proterozoic Gaoyuzhuang Formation(Fig.1).This study presents new biomarker compound and carbon isotope data that indicate that the oil within this formation was derived from hydrocarbon source rocks of the Hongshuizhuang Formation,part of the Mesoproterozoic Jixian Series,and the reservoir type is overthrust fault fractured anticline hydrocarbon reservoir.The oil reservoir within the Gaoyuzhuang Formation limestone might represent the oldest oil reservoir discovered to date within the Yanliao faulted depression zone.展开更多
The development, evolution and formation mechanism of faults and their control on the migration and accumulation of Mesozoic oil and gas in the middle-shallow layers of the slope zone of Mahu sag were studied by the i...The development, evolution and formation mechanism of faults and their control on the migration and accumulation of Mesozoic oil and gas in the middle-shallow layers of the slope zone of Mahu sag were studied by the interpretation of seismic and drilling data. Two types of faults, normal and strike-slip, are developed in the middle-shallow layers of the slope zone of the Mahu sag and they are mostly active in the Yanshanian period. They are divided into four grade faults: The grade I strike-slip faults with NWW to near EW direction are related to the left-lateral transpressive fault zones in the northwest of Junggar Basin since the end of the Triassic. The grade II faults with NE to NNE direction are the normal faults located at the junction of the fault zone and the slope zone, and their formation is related to the extension at the top of the nose-like structures in the fault zone. The grade III faults, which are also the normal faults, are the result of the extension at the top of the lower uplifts in the slope zone and differential compaction. The grade IV faults with NE direction are normal faults, which may be related to the extension environment at the tip of the lower uplifts. Faults not only are the channel for the vertical migration of oil and gas, but also control the oil-gas accumulation. There are two types of oil-gas reservoirs in the middle-shallow layers of slope zone of Mahu sag: fault block reservoirs and fault-lithologic reservoirs. They have large traps and promising exploration potential.展开更多
Abstract Problem statement. Self-organization is not a universal property of matter, it exists under certain internal and external conditions and this is not associated with a special class of substances. The study of...Abstract Problem statement. Self-organization is not a universal property of matter, it exists under certain internal and external conditions and this is not associated with a special class of substances. The study of the morphology and dynamics of migration of anomalous zones associated with increased stresses is of particular importance in the development of deep deposits, complicated by dynamic phenomena in the form of rock impacts. Applied method and design: An important tool for this study is geophysical exploration. To describe the geological environment in the form of an array of rocks with its natural and technogenic heterogeneity, one should use its more adequate description, which is a discrete model of the medium in the form of a piecewise heterogeneous block medium with embedded heterogeneities of a lower rank than the block size. This nesting can be traced several times, i.e. changing the scale of the study;we see that heterogeneities of a lower rank now appear in the form of blocks for heterogeneities of the next rank. A simple averaging of the measured geophysical parameters can lead to distorted ideas about the structure of the medium and its evolution. Typical results: We have analyzed the morphology of the structural features of disintegration zones before a strong dynamic phenomenon. The introduction of the proposed integrated passive and active geophysical monitoring into the mining system, aimed at studying the transient processes of the redistribution of stress-strain and phase states, can help prevent catastrophic dynamic manifestations during the development of deep-located deposits. Concluding note (Practical value/implications): Active geophysical monitoring methods should be tuned to a model of a hierarchical heterogeneous environment. Iterative algorithms for 2-D modeling and interpretation for sound diffraction and a linearly polarized transverse elastic wave on the inclusion with a hierarchical elastic structure located in the J-th layer of the N-layer elastic medium are constructed.展开更多
In this article,we review our previous research for spatial and temporal characterizations of the San Andreas Fault(SAF)at Parkfield,using the fault-zone trapped wave(FZTW)since the middle 1980s.Parkfield,California h...In this article,we review our previous research for spatial and temporal characterizations of the San Andreas Fault(SAF)at Parkfield,using the fault-zone trapped wave(FZTW)since the middle 1980s.Parkfield,California has been taken as a scientific seismic experimental site in the USA since the 1970s,and the SAF is the target fault to investigate earthquake physics and forecasting.More than ten types of field experiments(including seismic,geophysical,geochemical,geodetic and so on)have been carried out at this experimental site since then.In the fall of 2003,a pair of scientific wells were drilled at the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth(SAFOD)site;the main-hole(MH)passed a~200-m-wide low-velocity zone(LVZ)with highly fractured rocks of the SAF at a depth of~3.2 km below the wellhead on the ground level(Hickman et al.,2005;Zoback,2007;Lockner et al.,2011).Borehole seismographs were installed in the SAFOD MH in 2004,which were located within the LVZ of the fault at~3-km depth to probe the internal structure and physical properties of the SAF.On September 282004,a M6 earthquake occurred~15 km southeast of the town of Parkfield.The data recorded in the field experiments before and after the 2004 M6 earthquake provided a unique opportunity to monitor the co-mainshock damage and post-seismic heal of the SAF associated with this strong earthquake.This retrospective review of the results from a sequence of our previous experiments at the Parkfield SAF,California,will be valuable for other researchers who are carrying out seismic experiments at the active faults to develop the community seismic wave velocity models,the fault models and the earthquake forecasting models in global seismogenic regions.展开更多
Focusing on the Yangtze River economic zone,the previous geological researches are systematically summarized,resources and environment conditions and major geological problems which are needing to be concerned in land...Focusing on the Yangtze River economic zone,the previous geological researches are systematically summarized,resources and environment conditions and major geological problems which are needing to be concerned in land planning and construction are studied.The results show that the resource conditions of cultivated land,shale gas,geotherm,lithium and so on are superior in the Yangtze River economic zone,and the resources and environment conditions are conducive to develop the modern agriculture,clean energy industry and strategic emerging industries.3×1013 m^2 farmlands without heavy metal pollution are concentrated;there are three national level shale gas exploration and development bases with explored reserves of 5.441×1011 m^3;geothermal availability is 2.4×109 t of standard coal each year,equivalent to 19% of the amount of coal in 2014;Asia's largest energy lithium metal ore deposit is found.In some parts of Yangtze River economic zone,there are some major geological problems such as active faults,karst collapse,ground subsidence,landslide-collapse-debris flow,affecting the river-crossing channels,high-speed railway,urban agglomeration and green ecological corridor planning and construction.Those problems should be concerned,and the relevant suggestions and countermeasures are put forward.Meanwhile,the ideas to further support the development of the Yangtze River economic zone are put forward.展开更多
Soil heavy metal pollution is one of the main environmental problems in Pearl River Delta Economic?Zone of China. Based on multi-purpose regional geochemical survey, regional eco-geochemical assessment, local eco-geoc...Soil heavy metal pollution is one of the main environmental problems in Pearl River Delta Economic?Zone of China. Based on multi-purpose regional geochemical survey, regional eco-geochemical assessment, local eco-geochemical assessment and comprehensive appraisal, the eco-geochemical survey and assessment in Pearl River Delta Economic Zone of 41,698 km2?were completed. Samples from soils were collected in accordance with the two-layer grid method. Totally 54 elements and indicators for soils were determined. Compared to deep soils, the sampled surface soils are enriched in OrgC, N, P, Cd, S,Hg, Ag, B, Au, S and poor with As, Ni, I, Co, Cr, V, MgO, Sc, Al2O3, Fe2O3?etc. The characteristics of geochemical reference value of element in soil that inherited soil parent material and regional elements combined features reflected that the elements enriched in the soil was interrelated with acid rock, sandstone and shale. The spatial distribution characteristics of element regional geochemistry were conditional by regional environmental geological conditions,and effected by human activities. The Pearl River Delta plain is a typical geochemical landscape area with regional anomaly of multiple-elements. The north, western and eastern parts of the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone are quite different in geochemical features due to regional geological background, soil parent materials, geomorphic characteristics and human activities. Environment quality evaluation results show that the grade I and grade II soil accounted for 19.9% and 57.3% of the total area. Many samples that widely distributed in the economic developed of Pearl River Delta Plain area reached the third-grade of national soil environment standard. The soil enriched in Cd, Hg, As, and the area ratio accounting for 22.8% of the total area. It is mainly controlled by the geochemical background, the Pearl River Delta formation evolution process, especially the marine transgression process lead to Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb enrichment in Pearl River Delta plain. At the same time, under the influence of higher pressure of human activities, all kinds of exogenous input material carrying heavy metal pollutants on soil environmental quality also could not to ignore.展开更多
The main aim of this research is to get a better knowledge and understanding of the micro-scale oscillatory networks behavior in the solid propellants reactionary zones. Fundamental understanding of the micro-and nano...The main aim of this research is to get a better knowledge and understanding of the micro-scale oscillatory networks behavior in the solid propellants reactionary zones. Fundamental understanding of the micro-and nano-scale combustion mechanisms is essential to the development and further improvement of the next-generation technologies for extreme control of the solid propellant thrust. Both experiments and theory confirm that the micro-and nano-scale oscillatory networks excitation in the solid propellants reactionary zones is a rather universal phenomenon. In accordance with our concept,the micro-and nano-scale structures form both the fractal and self-organized wave patterns in the solid propellants reactionary zones. Control by the shape, the sizes and spacial orientation of the wave patterns allows manipulate by the energy exchange and release in the reactionary zones. A novel strategy for enhanced extreme thrust control in solid propulsion systems are based on manipulation by selforganization of the micro-and nano-scale oscillatory networks and self-organized patterns formation in the reactionary zones with use of the system of acoustic waves and electro-magnetic fields, generated by special kind of ring-shaped electric discharges along with resonance laser radiation. Application of special kind of the ring-shaped electric discharges demands the minimum expenses of energy and opens prospects for almost inertia-free control by combustion processes. Nano-sized additives will enhance self-organizing and self-synchronization of the micro-and nano-scale oscillatory networks on the nanometer scale. Suggested novel strategy opens the door for completely new ways for enhanced extreme thrust control of the solid propulsion systems.展开更多
High resolution Fresnel zone plates for nanoscale three-dimensional imaging of materials by both soft and hard x-rays are increasingly needed by the broad applications in nanoscience and nanotechnology.When the outmos...High resolution Fresnel zone plates for nanoscale three-dimensional imaging of materials by both soft and hard x-rays are increasingly needed by the broad applications in nanoscience and nanotechnology.When the outmost zone-width is shrinking down to 50 nm or even below,patterning the zone plates with high aspect ratio by electron beam lithography still remains a challenge because of the proximity effect.The uneven charge distribution in the exposed resist is still frequently observed even after standard proximity effect correction(PEC),because of the large variety in the line width.This work develops a new strategy,nicknamed as local proximity effect correction(LPEC),efficiently modifying the deposited energy over the whole zone plate on the top of proximity effect correction.By this way,50 nm zone plates with the aspect ratio from 4:1 up to 15:1 and the duty cycle close to 0.5 have been fabricated.Their imaging capability in soft(1.3 keV)and hard(9 keV)x-ray,respectively,has been demonstrated in Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)with the resolution of 50 nm.The local proximity effect correction developed in this work should also be generally significant for the generation of zone plates with high resolutions beyond 50 nm.展开更多
Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) is a sensitive and rapid technique for determining traces of inorganic cations in water samples. CZE with indirect UV-diode array detection (CZE-DAD) was utilized to identify sever...Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) is a sensitive and rapid technique for determining traces of inorganic cations in water samples. CZE with indirect UV-diode array detection (CZE-DAD) was utilized to identify several inorganic cations in natural, potable, and wastewater samples. A pH 4.35 background electrolyte system was employed and consisted of 15 mM imidazole, 8 mM malonic acid, 2 mM 18-crown-6 ether as complexing agents, 10% v/v methanol as an organic modifier with indirect absorbance reference at 214 nm. The CZE method involved electromigration injection at 5 kV for 5 s, a separation voltage of 20 kV at 25℃, and a detection wavelength of 280 nm. Six main cations (ammonium , potassium K+, calcium Ca2+, sodium Na+, magnesium Mg2+, and lead Pb2+) were tested, and all but lead, were detected in the water samples at concentrations between 0.03 and 755 ppm with a detection limit ranging between 0.023 and 0.084 ppm. The successful evaluation of the proposed methodology allowed us to reliably detect and separate six metal ions in different water samples without any pretreatment. All water samples were collected from Northern New York towns and the Raquette River water system, the third longest river in New York State and the largest watershed of the central and western Adirondacks.展开更多
Guided by the Planning of Poyang Lake Eco-economic Zone, traffic and geographic conditions of the Eco-agricultural Demonstration Base in the study area were analyzed, and design principles proposed as "adaptation...Guided by the Planning of Poyang Lake Eco-economic Zone, traffic and geographic conditions of the Eco-agricultural Demonstration Base in the study area were analyzed, and design principles proposed as "adaptation to local conditions, scientific planning, benign circulation and sustainable development". Detailed planning and design was interpreted from the perspectives of infrastructure planning and functional area planning. Specifically, infrastructure construction should focus on traffic design, water, power and gas supply design, and also architectural design; while functional areas should be gradually developed from south section to central and then north section. It was to establish a design and planning mode that can be widely applied.展开更多
The Arun mega\|antiform, a large N—S structure transversal to the tectonic trend of the E Nepal Himalaya, is a tectonic window offering a complete section of the Himalayan nappe pile, from the Lesser Himalayan zone t...The Arun mega\|antiform, a large N—S structure transversal to the tectonic trend of the E Nepal Himalaya, is a tectonic window offering a complete section of the Himalayan nappe pile, from the Lesser Himalayan zone to the Tethyan Himalaya. At the northern end of the Arun tectonic window (ATW), the Ama Drime—Nyonno Ri range of south Tibet exposes a section of that portion of the Main Central Thrust (MCT) zone and Lesser Himalayan Crystallines (LHC) which elsewhere in Nepal is concealed below the overlying Higher Himalayan Crystalline (HHC) nappe (Fig. 1). As throughout the Himalaya at the structural level of the MCT, the ATW is characterized by an inverted metamorphic field gradient characterized by a progression from chlorite to sillimanite grade from low to high structural levels of the nappe pile. Metamorphic peak temperatures rise from circa 400℃ in the pelitic and psammitic Precambrian metasediments of the Lesser Himalayan Tumlingtar Unit, to 550～620℃ in the overlying LHC, to over 700℃ in the muscovite\|free Barun Gneiss, the lowermost HHC unit in the Arun valley.展开更多
Meso\| and microstructural characteristics of cataclastic fault rocks developed in the Xialu chert are described. The Xialu chert represents pelagic and deep marine sediments (Middle Jurassic—Lower Cretaceous), and o...Meso\| and microstructural characteristics of cataclastic fault rocks developed in the Xialu chert are described. The Xialu chert represents pelagic and deep marine sediments (Middle Jurassic—Lower Cretaceous), and occupies the southern marginal part of the E—W trending Yarlung Zangbo suture zone. The apparent total thickness of siliceous deposits exceeds 1km. The current study is concentrated along the two measured sections, Xialu\|E and Xialu\|W. The Xialu\|E section is composed mainly of red chert associated with reddish purple siliceous mudstone and greenish gray mudstone. The beds steeply dip north or south. The 45m section studied is divided into three units (chert unit, chert\|siliceous mudstone unit, and melange unit from north to south). They are in fault contact with each other. In the southern half of the chert unit and the northernmost of the chert\|siliceous mudstone unit, a 15m thick cohesive cataclasite zone can be defined. The cataclasites are composed of chert fragments in a fine grained matrix, and deformed with jigsaw puzzle structures. The chert\|siliceous mudstone unit is made up of four slabs of chert\|siliceous mudstone sequence. Mesoscopic duplex zones in thickness from 1 to 3m are recognized at slab boundaries. Flat and ramp structure and associated P foliations, R1 shears, Y surfaces are developed. Shear spacing range from 1 to 10cm. The slip senses are dextral strike\|slip movement along these duplex zones. The cataclasite zone is cut by the duplex zone along the southern boundary.展开更多
The energy efficiency design of the exterior wall in the buildings of the hot summer and cold winter zone of China should consider the heat prevention in summer and the heat insulation in winter. The self-insulation o...The energy efficiency design of the exterior wall in the buildings of the hot summer and cold winter zone of China should consider the heat prevention in summer and the heat insulation in winter. The self-insulation of the exterior?wall is a more feasible design to satisfy the energy efficiency of buildings in the?zone. However, the systematic research is urgently needed for the self-insulation of the exterior wall in the hot summer and cold winter zone of China. The paper tested the thermal performance of the common non-clay materials such as shale sintered hollow brick, sand autoclaved aerated concrete block, etc. by means of indoor experiments. The energy efficiency effect of the common materials was verified using dynamic calculation soft PKPM and several constitutions of exterior wall with different main bricks and insulation materials on the heat bridge were simulated, too. Besides, the tests of the thermal performance of exterior wall in real constructions were carried out to testify the practical effect of the recommended constitutions of exterior wall with different main bricks and insulation materials on the heat bridge. The conclusions are: the physical and thermal properties of the six non-clay wall material are better than the clay porous brick;the thermal performance of the non-clay brick can be improved obviously through the rational arrangement of the holes;shale sintered hollow brick after increasing the holes and rationalizing the hole arrangement and sand autoclaved aerated concrete block are recommended for buildings in the hot summer and cold winter area of China. The dynamic calculation results show that the thermal performances?of the non-clay materials are all satisfied with the energy efficiency;The heat transfer coefficient of the exterior wall with composition?③,?in which?the main wall was sand autoclaved aerated concrete block and the material on the heat bridge was sand autoclaved aerated concrete plate, is the smallest among the three recommended compositions.展开更多
The objective of this study is to predict groundwater levels (GWLs) under different impact factors using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for a case study in Tra Noc Industrial Zone, Can Tho City, Vietnam. This can be ...The objective of this study is to predict groundwater levels (GWLs) under different impact factors using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for a case study in Tra Noc Industrial Zone, Can Tho City, Vietnam. This can be achieved by evaluating the current state of groundwater resources (GWR) exploitation, use and dynamics;setting-up, calibrating and validating the ANN;and then predicting GWLs at different lead times. The results show that GWLs in the study area have been found to reduce rapidly from 2000 to 2015, especially in the Middle-upper Pleistocene (qp2-3) and upper Pleistocene (qp3) due to the over-withdrawals from the enterprises for production purposes. Concerning this problem, an Official Letter of the People’s Committee of Can Tho City was issued and taken into enforcement in 2012 resulting in the reduction of exploitation. The calibrated ANN structures have successfully demonstrated that the GWLs can be predicted considering different impact factors. The predicted results will help to raise awareness and to draw an attention of the local/central government for a clear GWR management policy for the Mekong delta, especially the industrial zones in the urban areas such as Can Tho city.展开更多
Overstress in the surrounding rock of the roadway is a key reason that causes failures of deep roadways. Destressing blasting is one of the promising techniques that could improve the supporting quality. If the depth ...Overstress in the surrounding rock of the roadway is a key reason that causes failures of deep roadways. Destressing blasting is one of the promising techniques that could improve the supporting quality. If the depth of the pressure relief blast hole is too shallow, the surrounding rock of the roadway will be broken or even collapsed. If the pressure relief blast hole is too deep, the pressure relief area will be located in the deep part of the surrounding rock of the roadway, which cannot achieve the purpose of releasing the stress in the shallow part of the surrounding rock and cause waste of the blast hole. The width or range of the pressure relief area should just fall in the high stress area of the surrounding rock of the roadway, so the pressure relief blast hole should have a reasonable depth. In order to quantitatively describe the relationship between borehole depth and the width of the stress relief zone, numerical simulations were carried out in ANSYS according to different borehole depths. The results show that the optimal destressing effect is achieved when borehole depth is 4 m. Peak stress of and is significantly reduced by 30.51% and 49.07% after blasting. Meanwhile, the high-stress area shifts about 4.8 m from the roadside to the depth of surrounding rock, thus a 3.8 m wide stress relief zone is formed around the roadside, thus, the aim of quantizing the effects of destress blasting is achieved.展开更多
As one of the typical deposits in the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou Pb-Zn metallogenic province,the Daliangzi Pb-Zn deposit has a close genetic relationship with the structural system of the black/fracture zone formed under ...As one of the typical deposits in the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou Pb-Zn metallogenic province,the Daliangzi Pb-Zn deposit has a close genetic relationship with the structural system of the black/fracture zone formed under the action of the NWW-approximately EW strike-slip structures in the metallogenic province.The R1 black/fracture zone has a close relationship with ore forming;however,the mechanism of the rock-and ore-controlling action of the structural system remains unclear.Based on a detailed analysis of the tectonite-mineralized alteration lithofacies of the R1 black/fracture zone,the tectonite-mineralized alteration lithofacies zones can be divided into four types in succession outward from the Pb-Zn mineralization center(F_(5),F_(100),and other faults),i.e.,(1)the brecciated and stockwork-like Pb-Zn mineralization-complex breccia facies zone;(2)the stockwork-like Pb-Zn mineralization-simple breccia and cataclasite facies zone;(3)the veined pyrite-sulfide-dolomitic cataclasite facies zone;(4)the fine-veined calcite-black carbonized dolomite facies zone.With the evolution of the ore-forming fluid,the homogenization temperature decreases from Zone 1 to Zone 4;the salinity increases from Zone 1 to Zone 2 and then it decreases from Zones 3 and 4.The fluid density shows little change overall.The contents of Zn,Pb,Cu,Ga,Ge,Cd,Ag,and other metallogenic elements,Zn/Pb ratio,and CaO/MgO mole ratio decrease gradually from Zone 1 to Zone 4,and the REE fractionation,calcilization,silicification,and pyritization enhance gradually from Zone 1 to Zone 4.This series of changes is the product of diapirism(cryptoexplosion)of strike-slip structures and the black/fracture zone,among which the second-order structures derived from NWW-approximately EW-striking dextral shear-tension faults F_(1)and F_(15)control the brecciated and stockwork-like Pb-Zn mineralized complex breccia facies zones and the stockwork-like Pb-Zn mineralized simple breccia and cataclasite facies zones.Therefore,this paper establishes the zoning mode of tectonite-mineralized alteration lithofacies of the black/fracture zone and proposes that Zones 1 and 2 provide important prospecting criteria.展开更多
文摘This study examines the key factors that have impact on the successful adoption of Human Resource Information System (HRIS) within the Aqaba Special Economic Zone Authority (ASEZA)/Jordan. In order to accomplish the purpose of the study four critical factors are inquired. So, four critical factors are inquired: First, TAM Model (Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU) and Perceived Usefulness (PU)). Second, Information Technology Infrastructure (ITI). Third, Top Management Support (TMS). Finally, Individual Experience with Computer (IEC). The research model was applied to collect data from the questionnaires answered by 45 users of HRIS as a source of primary data, based on a convenience sample the response rate was about 91%. In addition, the results were analyzed by utilizing the Statistical Package for Social Software (SPSS). Furthermore, the findings were analyzed;multiple Regression analysis indicated that all research variables have significant relationship on successful adoption of HRIS. The findings indicated IT infrastructures have a positive and significant effect on the successful adoption of HRIS. But there is no significant of PU, PEOU, TMS, and IEC on the successful adoption of HRIS. Finally, the results indicated that no significant statistical differences of demographic characteristics on HRIS adoption. Depending on the research’s findings;the researchers proposed a set of recommendations for better adoption of HRIS in SEZA.
基金Supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project(2016ZX05024-003)
文摘The quantitatively/semi-quantitatively formation conditions of vertical dominant hydrocarbon migration pathways were analyzed based on the big data analysis of petroleum geological parameters of complex fault Zone zone in the central-south Bohai Bay. According to this condition, the vertical dominant migration pathway and its charge points/segments are searched through structural modeling assistant analysis in the East Sag of Huanghekou. Under the constraints of charge points/segments, numerical simulation of hydrocarbon charge and migration is carried out to successfully predict hydrocarbon migration pathways and hydrocarbon enrichment blocks in shallow layers of complex fault zone. The main results are as follows:(1) The hydrocarbon charge in shallow layers of the active fault zone is differential, the charge points/sections of vertical dominant migration pathways are the starting points of shallow hydrocarbon migration and are very important for the hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in the shallow layers.(2) Among the shallow faults, those cutting the deep transfer bins or deep major migration pathways, with fault throw of more than 80 m in the accumulation period and the juxtaposition thickness between fault and caprock of the deep layers of less than 400 m are likely to be vertical dominant migration pathways in the sag area.(3) By controlling the vertical dominant migration pathways and charging points/segments in carrier layer, Neo-tectonic movement caused the differential hydrocarbon accumulation in the complex fault zone. The research results are of great significance for the fine exploration of the complex fault zone.
文摘The number and diversity of inhibitory neurons(INs)increased substantially during mammalian brain evolution.However,the generative mechanisms of the vast repertoire of human INs remain elusive.We performed spatial and single-cell transcriptomics of human medial ganglionic eminence(hMGE),a pivotal source of cortical and subpallial INs,and built the trajectories of hMGE-derived cells during brain development.We identified spatiotemporally and molecularly segregated progenitor cell populations fated to produce distinct IN types.
文摘Potential fishing zones for skipjack tuna in the Bone Bay-Flores Sea were investigated from satellite-based oceanography and catch data, using a linear model (generalized linear model) constructed from generalized additive models and geographic information systems. Monthly mean remotely sensed sea surface temperature and surface chlorophyll-a concentration during the southeast monsoon (April-August) were used for the year 2012. The best generalized additive model was selected to assess the effect of marine environment variables (sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a concentration) on skipjack tuna abundance (catch per unit effort). Then, the appropriate linear model was constructed from the functional relationship of the generalized additive model for generating a robust predictive model. Model selection process for the generalized additive model was based on significance of model terms, decrease in residual deviance, and increase in cumulative variance explained, whereas the model selection for the linear model was based on decrease in residual deviance, reduction in Akaike’s Information Criterion, increasing cumulative variance explained and significance of model terms. The best model was selected to predict skipjack tuna abundance and their spatial distribution patterns over entire study area. A simple linear model was used to verify the predicted values. Results indicated that the distribution pattern of potential fishing zones for skipjack during the southeast monsoon were well characterized by sea surface temperatures ranging from 28.5℃ to 30.5 ℃ and chlorophyll-a ranging from 0.10 to 0.20 mg·m-3. Predicted highest catch per unit efforts were significantly consistent with the fishing data (P 2 = 0.8), suggesting that the oceanographic indicators may correspond well with the potential feeding ground for skipjack tuna. This good feeding opportunity for skipjack was driven the dynamics of upwelling operating within study area which are capable of creating a highly potential fishing zone during the southeast monsoon.
基金funded by the China Geological Survey Project(Grant No.DD20190098).
文摘Objective The Yanshan Fold Belt is located within the northern margin of the North China platform and contains welldeveloped and widespread Neoproterozoic and Mesoproterozoic sedimentary units with a total thickness of up to 9000 m.Previous studies identified many oil seedlings as well as asphalt and ancient hydrocarbon reservoirs in Northern Hebei depression and western Liaoning depression.This research indicates that the Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic sedimentary units are ideally suited for the formation of significant oil and gas resources.The Niu D1 well was drilled by the China Geological Survey(CGS)in the Niuyingzi area and intercepted oil immersions and oil-and gas-bearing units within a limestone reservoir in the middle Proterozoic Gaoyuzhuang Formation(Fig.1).This study presents new biomarker compound and carbon isotope data that indicate that the oil within this formation was derived from hydrocarbon source rocks of the Hongshuizhuang Formation,part of the Mesoproterozoic Jixian Series,and the reservoir type is overthrust fault fractured anticline hydrocarbon reservoir.The oil reservoir within the Gaoyuzhuang Formation limestone might represent the oldest oil reservoir discovered to date within the Yanliao faulted depression zone.
基金Supported by the China National Science and Technology Major Project(2017ZX05008-001,2011ZX05003-003)
文摘The development, evolution and formation mechanism of faults and their control on the migration and accumulation of Mesozoic oil and gas in the middle-shallow layers of the slope zone of Mahu sag were studied by the interpretation of seismic and drilling data. Two types of faults, normal and strike-slip, are developed in the middle-shallow layers of the slope zone of the Mahu sag and they are mostly active in the Yanshanian period. They are divided into four grade faults: The grade I strike-slip faults with NWW to near EW direction are related to the left-lateral transpressive fault zones in the northwest of Junggar Basin since the end of the Triassic. The grade II faults with NE to NNE direction are the normal faults located at the junction of the fault zone and the slope zone, and their formation is related to the extension at the top of the nose-like structures in the fault zone. The grade III faults, which are also the normal faults, are the result of the extension at the top of the lower uplifts in the slope zone and differential compaction. The grade IV faults with NE direction are normal faults, which may be related to the extension environment at the tip of the lower uplifts. Faults not only are the channel for the vertical migration of oil and gas, but also control the oil-gas accumulation. There are two types of oil-gas reservoirs in the middle-shallow layers of slope zone of Mahu sag: fault block reservoirs and fault-lithologic reservoirs. They have large traps and promising exploration potential.
文摘Abstract Problem statement. Self-organization is not a universal property of matter, it exists under certain internal and external conditions and this is not associated with a special class of substances. The study of the morphology and dynamics of migration of anomalous zones associated with increased stresses is of particular importance in the development of deep deposits, complicated by dynamic phenomena in the form of rock impacts. Applied method and design: An important tool for this study is geophysical exploration. To describe the geological environment in the form of an array of rocks with its natural and technogenic heterogeneity, one should use its more adequate description, which is a discrete model of the medium in the form of a piecewise heterogeneous block medium with embedded heterogeneities of a lower rank than the block size. This nesting can be traced several times, i.e. changing the scale of the study;we see that heterogeneities of a lower rank now appear in the form of blocks for heterogeneities of the next rank. A simple averaging of the measured geophysical parameters can lead to distorted ideas about the structure of the medium and its evolution. Typical results: We have analyzed the morphology of the structural features of disintegration zones before a strong dynamic phenomenon. The introduction of the proposed integrated passive and active geophysical monitoring into the mining system, aimed at studying the transient processes of the redistribution of stress-strain and phase states, can help prevent catastrophic dynamic manifestations during the development of deep-located deposits. Concluding note (Practical value/implications): Active geophysical monitoring methods should be tuned to a model of a hierarchical heterogeneous environment. Iterative algorithms for 2-D modeling and interpretation for sound diffraction and a linearly polarized transverse elastic wave on the inclusion with a hierarchical elastic structure located in the J-th layer of the N-layer elastic medium are constructed.
文摘In this article,we review our previous research for spatial and temporal characterizations of the San Andreas Fault(SAF)at Parkfield,using the fault-zone trapped wave(FZTW)since the middle 1980s.Parkfield,California has been taken as a scientific seismic experimental site in the USA since the 1970s,and the SAF is the target fault to investigate earthquake physics and forecasting.More than ten types of field experiments(including seismic,geophysical,geochemical,geodetic and so on)have been carried out at this experimental site since then.In the fall of 2003,a pair of scientific wells were drilled at the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth(SAFOD)site;the main-hole(MH)passed a~200-m-wide low-velocity zone(LVZ)with highly fractured rocks of the SAF at a depth of~3.2 km below the wellhead on the ground level(Hickman et al.,2005;Zoback,2007;Lockner et al.,2011).Borehole seismographs were installed in the SAFOD MH in 2004,which were located within the LVZ of the fault at~3-km depth to probe the internal structure and physical properties of the SAF.On September 282004,a M6 earthquake occurred~15 km southeast of the town of Parkfield.The data recorded in the field experiments before and after the 2004 M6 earthquake provided a unique opportunity to monitor the co-mainshock damage and post-seismic heal of the SAF associated with this strong earthquake.This retrospective review of the results from a sequence of our previous experiments at the Parkfield SAF,California,will be valuable for other researchers who are carrying out seismic experiments at the active faults to develop the community seismic wave velocity models,the fault models and the earthquake forecasting models in global seismogenic regions.
文摘Focusing on the Yangtze River economic zone,the previous geological researches are systematically summarized,resources and environment conditions and major geological problems which are needing to be concerned in land planning and construction are studied.The results show that the resource conditions of cultivated land,shale gas,geotherm,lithium and so on are superior in the Yangtze River economic zone,and the resources and environment conditions are conducive to develop the modern agriculture,clean energy industry and strategic emerging industries.3×1013 m^2 farmlands without heavy metal pollution are concentrated;there are three national level shale gas exploration and development bases with explored reserves of 5.441×1011 m^3;geothermal availability is 2.4×109 t of standard coal each year,equivalent to 19% of the amount of coal in 2014;Asia's largest energy lithium metal ore deposit is found.In some parts of Yangtze River economic zone,there are some major geological problems such as active faults,karst collapse,ground subsidence,landslide-collapse-debris flow,affecting the river-crossing channels,high-speed railway,urban agglomeration and green ecological corridor planning and construction.Those problems should be concerned,and the relevant suggestions and countermeasures are put forward.Meanwhile,the ideas to further support the development of the Yangtze River economic zone are put forward.
文摘Soil heavy metal pollution is one of the main environmental problems in Pearl River Delta Economic?Zone of China. Based on multi-purpose regional geochemical survey, regional eco-geochemical assessment, local eco-geochemical assessment and comprehensive appraisal, the eco-geochemical survey and assessment in Pearl River Delta Economic Zone of 41,698 km2?were completed. Samples from soils were collected in accordance with the two-layer grid method. Totally 54 elements and indicators for soils were determined. Compared to deep soils, the sampled surface soils are enriched in OrgC, N, P, Cd, S,Hg, Ag, B, Au, S and poor with As, Ni, I, Co, Cr, V, MgO, Sc, Al2O3, Fe2O3?etc. The characteristics of geochemical reference value of element in soil that inherited soil parent material and regional elements combined features reflected that the elements enriched in the soil was interrelated with acid rock, sandstone and shale. The spatial distribution characteristics of element regional geochemistry were conditional by regional environmental geological conditions,and effected by human activities. The Pearl River Delta plain is a typical geochemical landscape area with regional anomaly of multiple-elements. The north, western and eastern parts of the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone are quite different in geochemical features due to regional geological background, soil parent materials, geomorphic characteristics and human activities. Environment quality evaluation results show that the grade I and grade II soil accounted for 19.9% and 57.3% of the total area. Many samples that widely distributed in the economic developed of Pearl River Delta Plain area reached the third-grade of national soil environment standard. The soil enriched in Cd, Hg, As, and the area ratio accounting for 22.8% of the total area. It is mainly controlled by the geochemical background, the Pearl River Delta formation evolution process, especially the marine transgression process lead to Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb enrichment in Pearl River Delta plain. At the same time, under the influence of higher pressure of human activities, all kinds of exogenous input material carrying heavy metal pollutants on soil environmental quality also could not to ignore.
基金supported by the Western-Caucasus Research Center
文摘The main aim of this research is to get a better knowledge and understanding of the micro-scale oscillatory networks behavior in the solid propellants reactionary zones. Fundamental understanding of the micro-and nano-scale combustion mechanisms is essential to the development and further improvement of the next-generation technologies for extreme control of the solid propellant thrust. Both experiments and theory confirm that the micro-and nano-scale oscillatory networks excitation in the solid propellants reactionary zones is a rather universal phenomenon. In accordance with our concept,the micro-and nano-scale structures form both the fractal and self-organized wave patterns in the solid propellants reactionary zones. Control by the shape, the sizes and spacial orientation of the wave patterns allows manipulate by the energy exchange and release in the reactionary zones. A novel strategy for enhanced extreme thrust control in solid propulsion systems are based on manipulation by selforganization of the micro-and nano-scale oscillatory networks and self-organized patterns formation in the reactionary zones with use of the system of acoustic waves and electro-magnetic fields, generated by special kind of ring-shaped electric discharges along with resonance laser radiation. Application of special kind of the ring-shaped electric discharges demands the minimum expenses of energy and opens prospects for almost inertia-free control by combustion processes. Nano-sized additives will enhance self-organizing and self-synchronization of the micro-and nano-scale oscillatory networks on the nanometer scale. Suggested novel strategy opens the door for completely new ways for enhanced extreme thrust control of the solid propulsion systems.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U1732104)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2017M611443)Shanghai STCSM2019-11-20 Grant,China(Grant No.19142202700)。
文摘High resolution Fresnel zone plates for nanoscale three-dimensional imaging of materials by both soft and hard x-rays are increasingly needed by the broad applications in nanoscience and nanotechnology.When the outmost zone-width is shrinking down to 50 nm or even below,patterning the zone plates with high aspect ratio by electron beam lithography still remains a challenge because of the proximity effect.The uneven charge distribution in the exposed resist is still frequently observed even after standard proximity effect correction(PEC),because of the large variety in the line width.This work develops a new strategy,nicknamed as local proximity effect correction(LPEC),efficiently modifying the deposited energy over the whole zone plate on the top of proximity effect correction.By this way,50 nm zone plates with the aspect ratio from 4:1 up to 15:1 and the duty cycle close to 0.5 have been fabricated.Their imaging capability in soft(1.3 keV)and hard(9 keV)x-ray,respectively,has been demonstrated in Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)with the resolution of 50 nm.The local proximity effect correction developed in this work should also be generally significant for the generation of zone plates with high resolutions beyond 50 nm.
文摘Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) is a sensitive and rapid technique for determining traces of inorganic cations in water samples. CZE with indirect UV-diode array detection (CZE-DAD) was utilized to identify several inorganic cations in natural, potable, and wastewater samples. A pH 4.35 background electrolyte system was employed and consisted of 15 mM imidazole, 8 mM malonic acid, 2 mM 18-crown-6 ether as complexing agents, 10% v/v methanol as an organic modifier with indirect absorbance reference at 214 nm. The CZE method involved electromigration injection at 5 kV for 5 s, a separation voltage of 20 kV at 25℃, and a detection wavelength of 280 nm. Six main cations (ammonium , potassium K+, calcium Ca2+, sodium Na+, magnesium Mg2+, and lead Pb2+) were tested, and all but lead, were detected in the water samples at concentrations between 0.03 and 755 ppm with a detection limit ranging between 0.023 and 0.084 ppm. The successful evaluation of the proposed methodology allowed us to reliably detect and separate six metal ions in different water samples without any pretreatment. All water samples were collected from Northern New York towns and the Raquette River water system, the third longest river in New York State and the largest watershed of the central and western Adirondacks.
文摘Guided by the Planning of Poyang Lake Eco-economic Zone, traffic and geographic conditions of the Eco-agricultural Demonstration Base in the study area were analyzed, and design principles proposed as "adaptation to local conditions, scientific planning, benign circulation and sustainable development". Detailed planning and design was interpreted from the perspectives of infrastructure planning and functional area planning. Specifically, infrastructure construction should focus on traffic design, water, power and gas supply design, and also architectural design; while functional areas should be gradually developed from south section to central and then north section. It was to establish a design and planning mode that can be widely applied.
文摘The Arun mega\|antiform, a large N—S structure transversal to the tectonic trend of the E Nepal Himalaya, is a tectonic window offering a complete section of the Himalayan nappe pile, from the Lesser Himalayan zone to the Tethyan Himalaya. At the northern end of the Arun tectonic window (ATW), the Ama Drime—Nyonno Ri range of south Tibet exposes a section of that portion of the Main Central Thrust (MCT) zone and Lesser Himalayan Crystallines (LHC) which elsewhere in Nepal is concealed below the overlying Higher Himalayan Crystalline (HHC) nappe (Fig. 1). As throughout the Himalaya at the structural level of the MCT, the ATW is characterized by an inverted metamorphic field gradient characterized by a progression from chlorite to sillimanite grade from low to high structural levels of the nappe pile. Metamorphic peak temperatures rise from circa 400℃ in the pelitic and psammitic Precambrian metasediments of the Lesser Himalayan Tumlingtar Unit, to 550～620℃ in the overlying LHC, to over 700℃ in the muscovite\|free Barun Gneiss, the lowermost HHC unit in the Arun valley.
文摘Meso\| and microstructural characteristics of cataclastic fault rocks developed in the Xialu chert are described. The Xialu chert represents pelagic and deep marine sediments (Middle Jurassic—Lower Cretaceous), and occupies the southern marginal part of the E—W trending Yarlung Zangbo suture zone. The apparent total thickness of siliceous deposits exceeds 1km. The current study is concentrated along the two measured sections, Xialu\|E and Xialu\|W. The Xialu\|E section is composed mainly of red chert associated with reddish purple siliceous mudstone and greenish gray mudstone. The beds steeply dip north or south. The 45m section studied is divided into three units (chert unit, chert\|siliceous mudstone unit, and melange unit from north to south). They are in fault contact with each other. In the southern half of the chert unit and the northernmost of the chert\|siliceous mudstone unit, a 15m thick cohesive cataclasite zone can be defined. The cataclasites are composed of chert fragments in a fine grained matrix, and deformed with jigsaw puzzle structures. The chert\|siliceous mudstone unit is made up of four slabs of chert\|siliceous mudstone sequence. Mesoscopic duplex zones in thickness from 1 to 3m are recognized at slab boundaries. Flat and ramp structure and associated P foliations, R1 shears, Y surfaces are developed. Shear spacing range from 1 to 10cm. The slip senses are dextral strike\|slip movement along these duplex zones. The cataclasite zone is cut by the duplex zone along the southern boundary.
文摘The energy efficiency design of the exterior wall in the buildings of the hot summer and cold winter zone of China should consider the heat prevention in summer and the heat insulation in winter. The self-insulation of the exterior?wall is a more feasible design to satisfy the energy efficiency of buildings in the?zone. However, the systematic research is urgently needed for the self-insulation of the exterior wall in the hot summer and cold winter zone of China. The paper tested the thermal performance of the common non-clay materials such as shale sintered hollow brick, sand autoclaved aerated concrete block, etc. by means of indoor experiments. The energy efficiency effect of the common materials was verified using dynamic calculation soft PKPM and several constitutions of exterior wall with different main bricks and insulation materials on the heat bridge were simulated, too. Besides, the tests of the thermal performance of exterior wall in real constructions were carried out to testify the practical effect of the recommended constitutions of exterior wall with different main bricks and insulation materials on the heat bridge. The conclusions are: the physical and thermal properties of the six non-clay wall material are better than the clay porous brick;the thermal performance of the non-clay brick can be improved obviously through the rational arrangement of the holes;shale sintered hollow brick after increasing the holes and rationalizing the hole arrangement and sand autoclaved aerated concrete block are recommended for buildings in the hot summer and cold winter area of China. The dynamic calculation results show that the thermal performances?of the non-clay materials are all satisfied with the energy efficiency;The heat transfer coefficient of the exterior wall with composition?③,?in which?the main wall was sand autoclaved aerated concrete block and the material on the heat bridge was sand autoclaved aerated concrete plate, is the smallest among the three recommended compositions.
文摘The objective of this study is to predict groundwater levels (GWLs) under different impact factors using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for a case study in Tra Noc Industrial Zone, Can Tho City, Vietnam. This can be achieved by evaluating the current state of groundwater resources (GWR) exploitation, use and dynamics;setting-up, calibrating and validating the ANN;and then predicting GWLs at different lead times. The results show that GWLs in the study area have been found to reduce rapidly from 2000 to 2015, especially in the Middle-upper Pleistocene (qp2-3) and upper Pleistocene (qp3) due to the over-withdrawals from the enterprises for production purposes. Concerning this problem, an Official Letter of the People’s Committee of Can Tho City was issued and taken into enforcement in 2012 resulting in the reduction of exploitation. The calibrated ANN structures have successfully demonstrated that the GWLs can be predicted considering different impact factors. The predicted results will help to raise awareness and to draw an attention of the local/central government for a clear GWR management policy for the Mekong delta, especially the industrial zones in the urban areas such as Can Tho city.
文摘Overstress in the surrounding rock of the roadway is a key reason that causes failures of deep roadways. Destressing blasting is one of the promising techniques that could improve the supporting quality. If the depth of the pressure relief blast hole is too shallow, the surrounding rock of the roadway will be broken or even collapsed. If the pressure relief blast hole is too deep, the pressure relief area will be located in the deep part of the surrounding rock of the roadway, which cannot achieve the purpose of releasing the stress in the shallow part of the surrounding rock and cause waste of the blast hole. The width or range of the pressure relief area should just fall in the high stress area of the surrounding rock of the roadway, so the pressure relief blast hole should have a reasonable depth. In order to quantitatively describe the relationship between borehole depth and the width of the stress relief zone, numerical simulations were carried out in ANSYS according to different borehole depths. The results show that the optimal destressing effect is achieved when borehole depth is 4 m. Peak stress of and is significantly reduced by 30.51% and 49.07% after blasting. Meanwhile, the high-stress area shifts about 4.8 m from the roadside to the depth of surrounding rock, thus a 3.8 m wide stress relief zone is formed around the roadside, thus, the aim of quantizing the effects of destress blasting is achieved.
基金funded by the programs of the National Natural Science Foundation(Nos.42172086,41572060,U1133602)the Program of‘Yunling Scholar’of Yunnan province(2014)+1 种基金the Projects of the Yunnan Engineering Laboratory of Mineral Resources Prediction and Evaluation(YM Lab)(2010)the Innovation Team of Yunnan Province and KMUST(2008,2012).
文摘As one of the typical deposits in the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou Pb-Zn metallogenic province,the Daliangzi Pb-Zn deposit has a close genetic relationship with the structural system of the black/fracture zone formed under the action of the NWW-approximately EW strike-slip structures in the metallogenic province.The R1 black/fracture zone has a close relationship with ore forming;however,the mechanism of the rock-and ore-controlling action of the structural system remains unclear.Based on a detailed analysis of the tectonite-mineralized alteration lithofacies of the R1 black/fracture zone,the tectonite-mineralized alteration lithofacies zones can be divided into four types in succession outward from the Pb-Zn mineralization center(F_(5),F_(100),and other faults),i.e.,(1)the brecciated and stockwork-like Pb-Zn mineralization-complex breccia facies zone;(2)the stockwork-like Pb-Zn mineralization-simple breccia and cataclasite facies zone;(3)the veined pyrite-sulfide-dolomitic cataclasite facies zone;(4)the fine-veined calcite-black carbonized dolomite facies zone.With the evolution of the ore-forming fluid,the homogenization temperature decreases from Zone 1 to Zone 4;the salinity increases from Zone 1 to Zone 2 and then it decreases from Zones 3 and 4.The fluid density shows little change overall.The contents of Zn,Pb,Cu,Ga,Ge,Cd,Ag,and other metallogenic elements,Zn/Pb ratio,and CaO/MgO mole ratio decrease gradually from Zone 1 to Zone 4,and the REE fractionation,calcilization,silicification,and pyritization enhance gradually from Zone 1 to Zone 4.This series of changes is the product of diapirism(cryptoexplosion)of strike-slip structures and the black/fracture zone,among which the second-order structures derived from NWW-approximately EW-striking dextral shear-tension faults F_(1)and F_(15)control the brecciated and stockwork-like Pb-Zn mineralized complex breccia facies zones and the stockwork-like Pb-Zn mineralized simple breccia and cataclasite facies zones.Therefore,this paper establishes the zoning mode of tectonite-mineralized alteration lithofacies of the black/fracture zone and proposes that Zones 1 and 2 provide important prospecting criteria.
