Currently,zinc anodes are facing problems such as the growth of zinc dendrites and the frequent occurrence of side reactions,while existing additive strategies are still challenging due to the poor stability of the ad...Currently,zinc anodes are facing problems such as the growth of zinc dendrites and the frequent occurrence of side reactions,while existing additive strategies are still challenging due to the poor stability of the adsorption layer and the ambiguous mechanisms of action.In this study,a highly stable Vani molecular brush additive was designed.The additive effectively inhibits H_(2) generation by targeting and anchoring H+in the inner Helmholtz layer,and reduces the water activity by constructing an enhanced hydrogen bonding network through the interaction with water molecules,thus inhibiting the parasitic side reactions on the zinc anode.In addition,the dynamic interfacial molecular layer can regulate and buffer the interfacial Zn^(2+)for highly reversible plating/stripping.Experiments show that the symmetric cell cycle life is as long as 3760 h at a Vani content of only 2×10^(-3) g L^(-1) with a current density of5 mA cm^(-2).The cycle life of the Zn‖MnO_(2) and Zn‖Zn_(0.58)V_(2)O_(5) H_(2)O full battery is significantly improved.This study deepens the understanding of the working mechanism of the zinc electrode interface and provides new ideas for non-sacrififcial trace additive design.展开更多
Aqueous zinc metal batteries(AZMBs)are promising candidates for next-generation energy storage,but their commercialization is hindered by zinc anode challenges,notably parasitic reactions and dendrite growth.Herein,we...Aqueous zinc metal batteries(AZMBs)are promising candidates for next-generation energy storage,but their commercialization is hindered by zinc anode challenges,notably parasitic reactions and dendrite growth.Herein,we present a biodegradable biomass-derived protective layer,primarily composed of curcumin,as a zincophilic interface for AZMBs.The curcumin-based layer,fabricated via a homogeneous solution process,exhibits strong adhesion,uniform coverage,and robust mechanical integrity.Rich polar functional groups in curcumin facilitate homogeneous Zn~(2+)flux and suppress side reactions.The curcumin-based layer shows a favorable affinity for zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate(Zn(OTf)_(2))electrolyte,which is the representative of organic zinc salts,enabling optimal thickness for both protection and ion transport.The protected Zn anodes demonstrate an extended lifespan of 2500 h in symmetrical cells and a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.15%.Furthermore,Zn(OTf)_(2)-based system typically exhibits poor stability at high current densities.Fortunately,the lifespan of symmetrical cells was extended by 40-fold at the high current density.When paired with an Na V_(3)O_(8)·1.5H_(2)O(NVO)cathode,the system achieves 86.5%capacity retention after 3000 cycles at a large specific current density of 10 A g^(-1).These results underscore the efficacy of the curcumin-based protective layer in enhancing the reversibility and stability of metal electrodes,specifically relieving the instability of Zn(OTf)_(2)-based systems at high current densities,advancing its commercial viability.展开更多
Aqueous zinc(Zn)-ion batteries hold great promise as renewable energy storage system for carbon-neutral energy transition.However,Zn anodes suffer from poor Zn plating/stripping reversibility due to Zn dendrite growth...Aqueous zinc(Zn)-ion batteries hold great promise as renewable energy storage system for carbon-neutral energy transition.However,Zn anodes suffer from poor Zn plating/stripping reversibility due to Zn dendrite growth and side reactions.Existing Zn interfacial modification strategies based on single-component or homogeneous structure are insufficient to address these issues comprehensively.Herein,we rationally designed an organic-inorganic hybrid interfacial layer with rigid-to-soft graded structure for dendrite-free and stable Zn anodes.A liquid plasma-assisted oxidation technology is developed to rapidly construct a porous ZnO inner framework in situ.This ZnO layer offers high interfacial energy,mechanical robustness,and an open structure that facilitates ion transport while firmly anchoring a subsequently coated soft polymer layer.The resulting architecture presents a structurally graded and functionally complementary interface,enabling effective dendrite suppression,continuous Zn ion transport,and enhanced corrosion resistance.As a result,a long cycling stability of more than 6000 h can be achieved at 1 mA cm^(-2)for 1 mAh cm^(-2)in symmetric cells.When used as anodes for zinc-iodine full battery,the hybrid interlayer can effectively prevent the Zn anodes from the corrosion by polyiodine,enabling stable cycling and negligible capacity decay(~0.02‰per cycle)for over 10,000 cycles at 2.0 A g^(-1).This work demonstrates a promising interfacial design strategy and introduces a novel liquid plasma-assisted oxidation route for fabricating high-performance Zn anodes towards next-generation aqueous batteries.展开更多
Zinc(Zn)deficiency is a global health issue,exacerbated by low Zn concentration and poor bioavailability in rice,primarily due to phytic acid(PA)interference.In this study,four doubled haploid(DH)progenies(DH1,DH11,DH...Zinc(Zn)deficiency is a global health issue,exacerbated by low Zn concentration and poor bioavailability in rice,primarily due to phytic acid(PA)interference.In this study,four doubled haploid(DH)progenies(DH1,DH11,DH18,and DH29)with distinct Zn and PA profiles were used to evaluate the effects of varying degrees of milling(DOM)on Zn bioavailability.Results showed DOM followed a double-exponential decay pattern(R^(2)>0.99)with milling time,varying among the four DH lines under identical milling conditions.As DOM increased,Zn,PA,and phosphorus(P)concentrations decreased progressively.展开更多
ZnO thin-film transistors(TFTs)with channel layers fabricated by spin-coating are demonstrated.A nano ZnO colloidal aqueous solution with zinc nitrate dissolved in it was first deposited on the ATO/ITO/glass substrate...ZnO thin-film transistors(TFTs)with channel layers fabricated by spin-coating are demonstrated.A nano ZnO colloidal aqueous solution with zinc nitrate dissolved in it was first deposited on the ATO/ITO/glass substrate by spin-coating process.The thin-film transistor with well-controlled and densely packed ZnO crystalline layer was obtained by thermal annealing the system of colloidal solution film coated ATO/ITO/glass substrate.By optimizing the fabrication conditions,the fabricated thin-film transistors exhibited superior field-effect properties,which were stable,highly transparent,n-channel and enhancement-mode with a channel mobility as large as 3.02 cm^(2)·V^(-1).s^(-1).Our method of fabricating ZnO thin-film transistors was simple,high efficiency,and feasible for the batch production with low cost.展开更多
Green solvent pretreatment of biomass represents a promising ap-proach for enhancing the econom-ic value of lignocellulosic deriva-tives.In this study,corncob biomass was treated with a diol-based deep eutectic solven...Green solvent pretreatment of biomass represents a promising ap-proach for enhancing the econom-ic value of lignocellulosic deriva-tives.In this study,corncob biomass was treated with a diol-based deep eutectic solvent(DES)under mild conditions,facilitating efficient cellulose separation.The extracted cellulose was subsequently used to fabricate cellulose hydrogels in an aqueous zinc chloride solution.The resulting hydrogel exhibited a“water-in-salt”effect due to the high concentration of ZnCl_(2).Leveraging the antifreeze properties of sorbitol,the system demon-strated outstanding low-temperature electrochemical performance,including a broad operat-ing voltage window and an ionic conductivity of 38.4 mS·cm^(-1)at-20℃.At 20℃,the de-vice achieved an energy density of 206 Wh·kg^(-1)and a power density of 2701.05 W·kg^(-1)at a current density of 1 A·g^(-1).Moreover,the flexible zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitor(ZHSC)maintained 89%of its capacitance and nearly 100%Coulombic efficiency after 5500 cycles at 20℃.This work not only advances the development of zinc-ion energy storage devices but al-so establishes a new paradigm for the green and direct utilization of biomass-derived materi-als.展开更多
Artificial synthesis is an environment friendly photocatalytic strategy to converse carbon dioxide(CO_(2))into useful chemicals.However,water(H_(2)O)splitting,producing(hydrogen)H_(2) strongly,is always a competitive ...Artificial synthesis is an environment friendly photocatalytic strategy to converse carbon dioxide(CO_(2))into useful chemicals.However,water(H_(2)O)splitting,producing(hydrogen)H_(2) strongly,is always a competitive reaction to CO_(2) conversion.Therefore,proper cocatalysts are generally needed to enhance CO_(2) conversion but suppress H_(2) production.In this work,zinc/gallium(Zn/Ga)dual co-catalysts consisting of Zn0 and amorphous ZnGa_(2)O_(4) species were found to selectively produce carbon monoxide(CO)during the photocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))using water(H_(2)O)as an electron donor over photocatalysts such as NaTaO_(3),Ga_(2)O_(3),and ZnGa_(2)O_(4),and in the electrochemical reduction of CO_(2) over Zn0 electrodes.It is considered that there are two effects associated with the Zn/Ga dual co-catalysts:(1)a galvanic cell effect between Zn0 and amorphous ZnGa_(2)O_(4),and(2)a Z-scheme effect in NaTaO_(3)/Zn0/amorphous ZnGa_(2)O_(4).The coupling of these two effects favored the active and selective evolution of CO during the photocatalytic conversion of CO_(2) by H_(2)O.In the case of Ga_(2)O_(3) photocatalyst,480.8μmol/h of CO was produced with the presence of Zn/Ga dual cocatalysts.Moreover,the Zn/Ga dual cocatalysts universally worked in the electrochemical reduction of CO_(2).The partial current toward CO_(2) conversion was increased from 2.6 to 6.6 mA/cm,and the selectivity toward CO was promoted to from 46.4%to 74.2%.展开更多
Zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors(ZIHCs)are compelling candidates for next-generation energy storage owing to their intrinsic safety,low cost,and high power density.However,their practical implementation remains hindere...Zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors(ZIHCs)are compelling candidates for next-generation energy storage owing to their intrinsic safety,low cost,and high power density.However,their practical implementation remains hindered by the limited energy density of traditional carbon-based cathodes.Here,we rationally design porous carbon nanofibers embedded with atomically dispersed Zn and Fe dual-metal sites(ZnFe/PCNFs),synthesized via electrospinning followed by controlled carbonization.The introduction of Fe modulates the local electronic structure of Zn centers,thereby facilitating enhanced d-orbital hybridization and stronger ion adsorption through the formation of ZnFeN_(6) coordination motifs.Coupled with high surface area and hierarchical porosity,these atomic-level interactions facilitate exceptional ion accessibility and rapid charge-transfer kinetics.As a cathode for ZIHCs,ZnFe/PCNFs deliver a specific capacity of 213 mAh g^(-1),exceptional high-rate capability,and longterm cycling stability over 20000 cycles.This work elucidates mechanisms of dual-metal atomic coordination and provides a robust design strategy for high-performance,durable aqueous energy storage systems.展开更多
MnO_(2) emerges as a promising cathode material for aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)due to its high theoretical capacity and ideal working voltage.However,inherent limitations in low electrical conductivity and struc...MnO_(2) emerges as a promising cathode material for aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)due to its high theoretical capacity and ideal working voltage.However,inherent limitations in low electrical conductivity and structural instability restrict its widespread application.Herein,we fabricated layered δ-MnO_(2) and introduced Cu and Ce metal ions for structural regulation,thus constructing a δ/a-MnO_(2) heterostructure within the δ-MnO_(2) matrix,forming a heterointerface that simultaneously enhances the electrical conductivity and structural stability of the material.In this system,Cu^(2+)acts as a catalyst,promoting the reduction of high-valent Mn to Mn^(2+)and enabling local two-electron transfer,which significantly increases the discharge specific capacity of MnO_(2).For Ce^(3+),it functions as a structural regulator,inducing the partial transformation of δ-MnO_(2) to a-MnO_(2) and forming the δ/a-MnO_(2) heterostructure.Further supported by density functional theory(DFT)calculations and in-situ characterization results,the heterointerface between a-MnO_(2) andδ-MnO_(2) generates an internal electric field due to the difference in Fermi levels.This not only effectively enhances the electron transfer capability but also significantly improves structural stability.Benefiting from these advantages,the Cu,Ce co-incorporated MnO_(2)(CCMO)cathode delivers a high discharge capacity of 455.4 mAh g^(-1)at 0.2 A g^(-1)and maintains 191.2 mAh g^(-1)specific capacity after 1500 cycles with 95%capacity retention at 2 A g^(-1),which is significantly better than non-doped MnO_(2).This strategy of structural regulation and heterostructure construction using vip ions offers a new approach for developing high-performance Mn-based cathode materials for AZIBs.展开更多
The development of aqueous zinc batteries(AZBs)is severely constrained by uncontrolled dendrite growth and parasitic interfacial reactions.Conventional solvation-dominated additives can mitigate these issues by alteri...The development of aqueous zinc batteries(AZBs)is severely constrained by uncontrolled dendrite growth and parasitic interfacial reactions.Conventional solvation-dominated additives can mitigate these issues by altering the Zn^(2+)solvation structure,but they often compromise ion transport.Here,we introduce a molecular design principle for a non-solvating additive(NSA)based on inductive effects.Ethyl trifluoroacetate(ETFA),obtained by introducing an electron-withdrawing–CF_(3) group adjacent to the–C=O moiety of ethyl acetate(EA),participates minimally in the solvation structure but preferentially undergoes Gibbs adsorption at the Zn-electrolyte interface.This process reduces interfacial tension,reconstructs the electrical double layer,and orients ETFA molecules such that the hydrophilic–C=O groups face the electrolyte,modulating hydrogen-bonding networks,while the hydrophobic–CF_(3) groups anchor onto Zn to regulate deposition.As a result,dendrite formation and side reactions are simultaneously suppressed.With only 1 vol%ETFA,Zn-Cu cells achieve over 4000 stable cycles with 99.89%Coulombic efficiency.Zn-I_(2) full cells employing the modified electrolyte maintain stable operation for more than 500 cycles(6.8 mg cm^(-2),10μm Zn,N/P=2.86),and 0.3 Ah Zn-I_(2) pouch cells(30 mg cm^(-2),100μm Zn)can cycle stably for over 200 cycles.These findings highlight the critical role of Gibbs adsorption in interfacial regulation and provide insights for the molecular design of high-performance additives for stable Zn anodes.展开更多
The advancement of aqueous zinc metal batteries(ZMBs)is constrained by intrinsic interfacial issues in aqueous electrolyte systems.Here,using numerical simulation,we decipher the multi-scale causes of interfacial inst...The advancement of aqueous zinc metal batteries(ZMBs)is constrained by intrinsic interfacial issues in aqueous electrolyte systems.Here,using numerical simulation,we decipher the multi-scale causes of interfacial instability,elucidating the synergistic effect of macroscopic ineffective regions and microscopic passivation.Based on the analysis,we develop an electrolyte-triggered interphase construction strategy to resolve the interfacial failure.This strategy couples the in situ formation of hydrogel interphase on both the anode and cathode with the electrolyte filling process,thereby(1)facilitating contact between electrodes and the separator;(2)promoting anode reversibility through inducing a bilayer SEI that enhances Zn^(2+)desolvation kinetics and blocks electron tunneling;(3)ensuring long-term cathode cycling stability via restricting the irreversible dissolution of MnO_(2)and side-reactions.The resultant Zn metal anode exhibited a near-unity Coulombic efficiency(99.5%)for Zn plating/stripping at an extremely low current density of 0.1 mA cm^(-2)and the Zn/MnO_(2)full cell sustained 2000 full-duty-cycles with an exceptionally low decay rate of 0.0051%per-cycle.This work unlocks an alternative angle for promoting practical ZMB s toward more sustainable energy storage systems.展开更多
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)have garnered considerable attention as promising post-lithium energy storage technologies owing to their intrinsic safety,cost-effectiveness,and competitive gravimetric energy density...Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)have garnered considerable attention as promising post-lithium energy storage technologies owing to their intrinsic safety,cost-effectiveness,and competitive gravimetric energy density.However,their practical commercialization is hindered by critical challenges on the anode side,including dendrite growth and parasitic reactions at the anode/electrolyte interface.Recent studies highlight that rational electrolyte structure engineering offers an effective route to mitigate these issues and strengthen the electrochemical performance of the zinc metal anode.In this review,we systematically summarize state-of-the-art strategies for electrolyte optimization,with a particular focus on the zinc salts regulation,electrolyte additives,and the construction of novel electrolytes,while elucidating the underlying design principles.We further discuss the key structure–property relationships governing electrolyte behavior to provide guidance for the development of next-generation electrolytes.Finally,future perspectives on advanced electrolyte design are proposed.This review aims to serve as a comprehensive reference for researchers exploring high-performance electrolyte engineering in AZIBs.展开更多
The electric double layer(EDL)at the electrochemical interface is crucial for ion transport,charge transfer,and surface reactions in aqueous rechargeable zinc batteries(ARZBs).However,Zn anodes routinely encounter per...The electric double layer(EDL)at the electrochemical interface is crucial for ion transport,charge transfer,and surface reactions in aqueous rechargeable zinc batteries(ARZBs).However,Zn anodes routinely encounter persistent dendrite growth and parasitic reactions,driven by the inhomogeneous charge distribution and water-dominated environment within the EDL.Compounding this,classical EDL theory,rooted in meanfield approximations,further fails to resolve molecular-scale interfacial dynamics under battery-operating conditions,limiting mechanistic insights.Herein,we established a multiscale theoretical calculation framework from single molecular characteristics to interfacial ion distribution,revealing the EDL’s structure and interactions between different ions and molecules,which helps us understand the parasitic processes in depth.Simulations demonstrate that water dipole and sulfate ion adsorption at the inner Helmholtz plane drives severe hydrogen evolution and by-product formation.Guided by these insights,we engineered a“water-poor and anion-expelled”EDL using 4,1’,6’-trichlorogalactosucrose(TGS)as an electrolyte additive.As a result,Zn||Zn symmetric cells with TGS exhibited stable cycling for over 4700 h under a current density of 1 mA cm^(−2),while NaV_(3)O_(8)·1.5H_(2)O-based full cells kept 90.4%of the initial specific capacity after 800 cycles at 5 A g^(−1).This work highlights the power of multiscale theoretical frameworks to unravel EDL complexities and guide high-performance ARZB design through integrated theory-experiment approaches.展开更多
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)are currently confronted with the challenge of achieving long-term cyclic stability under high current densities.This issue is primarily attributed to the excessive growth of dendrites...Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)are currently confronted with the challenge of achieving long-term cyclic stability under high current densities.This issue is primarily attributed to the excessive growth of dendrites and the occurrence of significant side reactions.Herein,sucralose(SCL),as an electrolyte additive,has been used to promote the exposure of the Zn(002)texture.The introduction of SCL can adjust the Zn~(2+)nucleation and diffusion along different crystal facets,promoting the exposure of the Zn(002)texture.By substituting water molecules in the[Zn(H_(2)O)_(6)]~(2+),SCL reconfigures the hydrogen bond network in the electrolyte,reconstructing the solvation structure and suppressing the hydrogen evolution reaction.Consequently,the Zn//Zn symmetric battery exhibits long-term cycling stability of over 4900 h at 1 mA cm^(-2)-1 mAh cm^(-2).Even at a harsh condition of 30 mA cm^(-2)-30 mAh cm^(-2)(DOD=73.3%),it can stably cycle for 171 h.The CE of the Zn//Cu half battery reaches 99.61% at 0.2 mA cm^(-2)with 0.2 mAh cm^(-2).Employing the optimized electrolyte,after 500 cycles,a high specific capacity of 420 mAh g^(-1)can be retained for the NH_4V_4O_(10)//Zn full battery at 500 mA g^(-1),corresponding to a capacity retention of 90.7%.展开更多
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)are considered promising for safe,low-cost,and sustainable energy storage.However,their practical deployment is critically hindered by dendrite formation and parasitic reactions at the...Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)are considered promising for safe,low-cost,and sustainable energy storage.However,their practical deployment is critically hindered by dendrite formation and parasitic reactions at the Zn anode-electrolyte interface.To address this challenge,we present a self-assembly strategy to construct vertically aligned organic-inorganic hybrid nanosheet arrays composed of polyethyleneimine-zinc hydroxide sulfate(PEI-ZHS)via a simple coating-immersion method.The protonation of polyethyleneimine in ZnSO_(4) electrolyte provides localized alkaline conditions for controlled nucleation and growth of ZHS nanosheets at the anode interfa ce.This vertically aligned na noarchitectu re allows for fast Zn^(2+)transport and even nucleation by providing abundant oriented ion-conductive microchannels and accelerating desolvation.Benefiting from these characteristics,the PEI-ZHS layer effectively mitigates side reactions and dendrite growth.As a result,the modified zinc anodes achieve excellent cycling lifespans of 5200 and 1200 h at 1 mA cm^(-2)/1 mAh cm^(-2) and 5 mA cm^(-2)/5 mAh cm^(-2),respectively,in symmetric cells.The Zn‖I_(2) full cell also shows great reversibility,retaining 93.02%of initial capacity after 4000 cycles at 1 A g^(-1).This work introduces a thermodynamically guided and scalable interfacial engineering approach that advances the stability and performance of Zn metal anodes in AZIBs.展开更多
Zinc,an essential trace element,plays a pivotal role in maintaining animal health and physiological functions.This review comprehensively examines zinc metabolism—including absorption dynamics across species(poultry,...Zinc,an essential trace element,plays a pivotal role in maintaining animal health and physiological functions.This review comprehensively examines zinc metabolism—including absorption dynamics across species(poultry,ruminants,and non-ruminants),transport mechanisms,storage in tissues,e.g.,the liver,and excretion pathways—and its multifaceted effects on animal health.Zinc critically regulates aspects of growth and development,particularly bone formation,as its deficiency induces skeletal deformities in young animals.It modulates immune function through zinc finger proteins,influencing immune organ integrity,lymphocyte proliferation,and cytokine expression.Reproductive performance is significantly affected by zinc,with its deficiency causing impaired spermatogenesis;delayed sexual maturity in males;and reduced litter size,embryonic survival,and placental function in females.At the molecular level,zinc regulates the activity of enzymes(e.g.,SOD),signaling pathways(MAPK,NF-κB),and transcription factors(MTF-1,Sp1)to maintain homeostasis.Both zinc deficiency(due to dietary insufficiency,malabsorption,or physiological stress)and zinc excess(from environmental pollution or feed oversupplementation)adversely affect health,disrupting mineral balance,enzyme function,and gut microbiota.In animal production,inorganic(zinc oxide,zinc sulfate)and organic(zinc methionine)sources of zinc increase growth,immunity,and productivity,although sustainable strategies are needed to mitigate environmental risks.Future research should focus on novel zinc formulations,precision nutrition,and interactions with gut microbiota to optimize livestock health and sustainable husbandry.展开更多
In recent years,an increase in the content of Zn,the impurity element,in ironmaking raw materials has led to the deterioration of iron-bearing resources and has introduced new challenges to sintering dezincification.A...In recent years,an increase in the content of Zn,the impurity element,in ironmaking raw materials has led to the deterioration of iron-bearing resources and has introduced new challenges to sintering dezincification.A thorough understanding of the reaction behavior of Zn during the sintering process can form a theoretical foundation for the development of efficient dezincification technology.Therefore,the reaction behavior of Zn was investigated under different temperatures and atmospheres using thermodynamic calculations and experimental simulations,and the phase transformation of Zn in each pre-reductive sintering zone was investigated.The results showed that Zn-containing materials were mainly converted into ZnO when the temperature reached 700℃,and ZnO began to combine with Fe_(2)O_(3)to form ZnFe_(2)O_(4)at approximately 800℃.At low CO concentration,ZnFe_(2)O_(4)was stable,while ZnO combined with iron oxide to form Fe_(0.85-x)Zn_(x)O in a strong reduction atmosphere.ZnFe_(2)O_(4)could also be converted into Fe_(0.85-x)Zn_(x)O and FeO.A part of Zn was converted to elemental Zn,which was volatilized and removed into the gas phase above 1000℃.Therefore,the feasibility of dezincification via pre-reductive sintering was confirmed.At the coke ratio of 18.0 wt.%of the sintering material,the Zn removal rate reached 62.3 wt.%.展开更多
As an earth-abundant and natural biopolymer,cellulose has received significant attention in aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)due to its inherent sustainability and non-toxicity,aligning perfectly with the core advanta...As an earth-abundant and natural biopolymer,cellulose has received significant attention in aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)due to its inherent sustainability and non-toxicity,aligning perfectly with the core advantages of AZIBs.Nevertheless,the practical implementation of cellulose-based materials is limited by their intrinsically low ionic conductivity.Herein,we introduce a novel zincophilic artificial protective layer by strategically hybridizing hydroxypropyl cellulose(HPC)with zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate on a zinc metal anode(HZ@Zn).Characterization and calculations demonstrate that the multihydroxyl architecture of HPC constructs hydrogen bond networks,whereas the Zn^(2+)-coordinated HPC domains function as preferential nucleation sites for zinc deposition.These interactions collectively enhance ion transport and accelerate desolvation kinetics.Additionally,the hybrid layer's mechanical flexibility and interfacial adhesion ensure the integrity of the artificial protective layer during long cycling.Thanks to this synergistic effect,HZ@Zn shows exceptional electrochemical performance,including a low desolvation activation energy of 14.38 kJ mol^(-1)and ultra-long cycling stability.Symmetric cells demonstrate exceptional longevity,exceeding 9,500 h at 0.5 mA cm^(-2)/0.25 mAh cm^(-2),whereas HZ@Zn‖PANI full cells maintain 89.8%capacity retention after 4000 cycles at 5 A g^(-1).This study establishes biopolymers as versatile platforms for effectively stabilizing the zinc metal anode.展开更多
The leaching mechanism of gallium(Ga)and germanium(Ge)from zinc powder replacement residue(ZPRR)was investigated through ultrasonic-assisted sulfuric acid leaching.Characterization via XRD,SEM,XPS,and FT-IR revealed t...The leaching mechanism of gallium(Ga)and germanium(Ge)from zinc powder replacement residue(ZPRR)was investigated through ultrasonic-assisted sulfuric acid leaching.Characterization via XRD,SEM,XPS,and FT-IR revealed that ultrasonic treatment promotes the dehydration of H_(4)SiO_(4)colloids,thereby reducing their adsorption capacities for Ga and Ge complexes.Additionally,ultrasound enhances the dissolution of CaS in H_(2)SO_(4),increasing H_(2)S production,which aids in the reduction of Fe^(3+)and mitigates iron precipitate formation.Process parameters including ultrasonic power(0-450 W),temperature(100-120℃),and leaching time(30-120 min)were systematically optimized,achieving optimal leaching efficiencies of Ga and Ge at 95.7%and 94.5%,respectively.展开更多
A zinc sulfate open framework matrix,[Zn(SO_4)(DMSO)](1),was synthesized by solvothermal evaporationusing dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)as the solvent.A compositeP@1,which exhibits fluorescence and room tempera-ture phospho...A zinc sulfate open framework matrix,[Zn(SO_4)(DMSO)](1),was synthesized by solvothermal evaporationusing dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)as the solvent.A compositeP@1,which exhibits fluorescence and room tempera-ture phosphorescence(RTP)properties,was prepared by doping 2,6-naphthalic acid(P)into matrix1at a low con-centration.P@1emitted a green RTP that was visible to the naked eye and lasted for approximately 2 s.P@1exhib-ited selective phosphorescence enhancement response towards Pb^(2+),with a detection limit of 2.52μmol·L^(-1).Themain detection mechanism is the Pb—O coordination-induced phosphorescence enhancement in the system.Inter-estingly,P@1also functioned as a dual-channel probe for the rapid detection of Fe^(3+)ions through fluorescencequenching with a detection limit of 0.038μmol·L^(-1).The recognition mechanism may be attributed to the competi-tive energy absorption betweenP@1and Fe^(3+)ions.CCDC:2388502,1.展开更多
基金supported by the Heilongjiang Province“Double First Class”Discipline Collaborative Innovation Project(LJGXCG2023-061)。
文摘Currently,zinc anodes are facing problems such as the growth of zinc dendrites and the frequent occurrence of side reactions,while existing additive strategies are still challenging due to the poor stability of the adsorption layer and the ambiguous mechanisms of action.In this study,a highly stable Vani molecular brush additive was designed.The additive effectively inhibits H_(2) generation by targeting and anchoring H+in the inner Helmholtz layer,and reduces the water activity by constructing an enhanced hydrogen bonding network through the interaction with water molecules,thus inhibiting the parasitic side reactions on the zinc anode.In addition,the dynamic interfacial molecular layer can regulate and buffer the interfacial Zn^(2+)for highly reversible plating/stripping.Experiments show that the symmetric cell cycle life is as long as 3760 h at a Vani content of only 2×10^(-3) g L^(-1) with a current density of5 mA cm^(-2).The cycle life of the Zn‖MnO_(2) and Zn‖Zn_(0.58)V_(2)O_(5) H_(2)O full battery is significantly improved.This study deepens the understanding of the working mechanism of the zinc electrode interface and provides new ideas for non-sacrififcial trace additive design.
基金the financial support from Research Institute for Smart Energy at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University(Grant No.CDB2)the support of the Hong Kong PhD Fellowship Scheme(Grant No.PF21-65328)。
文摘Aqueous zinc metal batteries(AZMBs)are promising candidates for next-generation energy storage,but their commercialization is hindered by zinc anode challenges,notably parasitic reactions and dendrite growth.Herein,we present a biodegradable biomass-derived protective layer,primarily composed of curcumin,as a zincophilic interface for AZMBs.The curcumin-based layer,fabricated via a homogeneous solution process,exhibits strong adhesion,uniform coverage,and robust mechanical integrity.Rich polar functional groups in curcumin facilitate homogeneous Zn~(2+)flux and suppress side reactions.The curcumin-based layer shows a favorable affinity for zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate(Zn(OTf)_(2))electrolyte,which is the representative of organic zinc salts,enabling optimal thickness for both protection and ion transport.The protected Zn anodes demonstrate an extended lifespan of 2500 h in symmetrical cells and a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.15%.Furthermore,Zn(OTf)_(2)-based system typically exhibits poor stability at high current densities.Fortunately,the lifespan of symmetrical cells was extended by 40-fold at the high current density.When paired with an Na V_(3)O_(8)·1.5H_(2)O(NVO)cathode,the system achieves 86.5%capacity retention after 3000 cycles at a large specific current density of 10 A g^(-1).These results underscore the efficacy of the curcumin-based protective layer in enhancing the reversibility and stability of metal electrodes,specifically relieving the instability of Zn(OTf)_(2)-based systems at high current densities,advancing its commercial viability.
基金support from the Australian Research Council Discovery Program(DP220103416,DP240102177)Australian Research Council Future Fellowships(FT200100730,FT210100804).
文摘Aqueous zinc(Zn)-ion batteries hold great promise as renewable energy storage system for carbon-neutral energy transition.However,Zn anodes suffer from poor Zn plating/stripping reversibility due to Zn dendrite growth and side reactions.Existing Zn interfacial modification strategies based on single-component or homogeneous structure are insufficient to address these issues comprehensively.Herein,we rationally designed an organic-inorganic hybrid interfacial layer with rigid-to-soft graded structure for dendrite-free and stable Zn anodes.A liquid plasma-assisted oxidation technology is developed to rapidly construct a porous ZnO inner framework in situ.This ZnO layer offers high interfacial energy,mechanical robustness,and an open structure that facilitates ion transport while firmly anchoring a subsequently coated soft polymer layer.The resulting architecture presents a structurally graded and functionally complementary interface,enabling effective dendrite suppression,continuous Zn ion transport,and enhanced corrosion resistance.As a result,a long cycling stability of more than 6000 h can be achieved at 1 mA cm^(-2)for 1 mAh cm^(-2)in symmetric cells.When used as anodes for zinc-iodine full battery,the hybrid interlayer can effectively prevent the Zn anodes from the corrosion by polyiodine,enabling stable cycling and negligible capacity decay(~0.02‰per cycle)for over 10,000 cycles at 2.0 A g^(-1).This work demonstrates a promising interfacial design strategy and introduces a novel liquid plasma-assisted oxidation route for fabricating high-performance Zn anodes towards next-generation aqueous batteries.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFD1200702)the Sanya Fanxing Technology Special Program,China(Grant No.2024KJFX023)the Shandong Provincial Key Research and Development Program,China(Grant No.2023LZGCQY018).
文摘Zinc(Zn)deficiency is a global health issue,exacerbated by low Zn concentration and poor bioavailability in rice,primarily due to phytic acid(PA)interference.In this study,four doubled haploid(DH)progenies(DH1,DH11,DH18,and DH29)with distinct Zn and PA profiles were used to evaluate the effects of varying degrees of milling(DOM)on Zn bioavailability.Results showed DOM followed a double-exponential decay pattern(R^(2)>0.99)with milling time,varying among the four DH lines under identical milling conditions.As DOM increased,Zn,PA,and phosphorus(P)concentrations decreased progressively.
文摘ZnO thin-film transistors(TFTs)with channel layers fabricated by spin-coating are demonstrated.A nano ZnO colloidal aqueous solution with zinc nitrate dissolved in it was first deposited on the ATO/ITO/glass substrate by spin-coating process.The thin-film transistor with well-controlled and densely packed ZnO crystalline layer was obtained by thermal annealing the system of colloidal solution film coated ATO/ITO/glass substrate.By optimizing the fabrication conditions,the fabricated thin-film transistors exhibited superior field-effect properties,which were stable,highly transparent,n-channel and enhancement-mode with a channel mobility as large as 3.02 cm^(2)·V^(-1).s^(-1).Our method of fabricating ZnO thin-film transistors was simple,high efficiency,and feasible for the batch production with low cost.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFA1507500)the Nation-al Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52373159)。
文摘Green solvent pretreatment of biomass represents a promising ap-proach for enhancing the econom-ic value of lignocellulosic deriva-tives.In this study,corncob biomass was treated with a diol-based deep eutectic solvent(DES)under mild conditions,facilitating efficient cellulose separation.The extracted cellulose was subsequently used to fabricate cellulose hydrogels in an aqueous zinc chloride solution.The resulting hydrogel exhibited a“water-in-salt”effect due to the high concentration of ZnCl_(2).Leveraging the antifreeze properties of sorbitol,the system demon-strated outstanding low-temperature electrochemical performance,including a broad operat-ing voltage window and an ionic conductivity of 38.4 mS·cm^(-1)at-20℃.At 20℃,the de-vice achieved an energy density of 206 Wh·kg^(-1)and a power density of 2701.05 W·kg^(-1)at a current density of 1 A·g^(-1).Moreover,the flexible zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitor(ZHSC)maintained 89%of its capacitance and nearly 100%Coulombic efficiency after 5500 cycles at 20℃.This work not only advances the development of zinc-ion energy storage devices but al-so establishes a new paradigm for the green and direct utilization of biomass-derived materi-als.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFC3710800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22376207)+1 种基金the Research Fund of High-Level Training Talents of“333”Project in Jiangsu provinceFunding for school-level research projects of Yancheng Institute of Technology(Nos.xjr2024008 and xjr2023055).
文摘Artificial synthesis is an environment friendly photocatalytic strategy to converse carbon dioxide(CO_(2))into useful chemicals.However,water(H_(2)O)splitting,producing(hydrogen)H_(2) strongly,is always a competitive reaction to CO_(2) conversion.Therefore,proper cocatalysts are generally needed to enhance CO_(2) conversion but suppress H_(2) production.In this work,zinc/gallium(Zn/Ga)dual co-catalysts consisting of Zn0 and amorphous ZnGa_(2)O_(4) species were found to selectively produce carbon monoxide(CO)during the photocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))using water(H_(2)O)as an electron donor over photocatalysts such as NaTaO_(3),Ga_(2)O_(3),and ZnGa_(2)O_(4),and in the electrochemical reduction of CO_(2) over Zn0 electrodes.It is considered that there are two effects associated with the Zn/Ga dual co-catalysts:(1)a galvanic cell effect between Zn0 and amorphous ZnGa_(2)O_(4),and(2)a Z-scheme effect in NaTaO_(3)/Zn0/amorphous ZnGa_(2)O_(4).The coupling of these two effects favored the active and selective evolution of CO during the photocatalytic conversion of CO_(2) by H_(2)O.In the case of Ga_(2)O_(3) photocatalyst,480.8μmol/h of CO was produced with the presence of Zn/Ga dual cocatalysts.Moreover,the Zn/Ga dual cocatalysts universally worked in the electrochemical reduction of CO_(2).The partial current toward CO_(2) conversion was increased from 2.6 to 6.6 mA/cm,and the selectivity toward CO was promoted to from 46.4%to 74.2%.
基金supported by the Major Basic Research Projects of Shandong Natural Science Foundation(ZR2024ZD37)the Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province,China(No.tsqn202211048)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22179123,22579155)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(52125305)the Science and Technology Key Project of Wuhan(No.2023010302020030)and the Science and Technology Major Project of Xinjiang Autonomous Region(No.2022A03009).
文摘Zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors(ZIHCs)are compelling candidates for next-generation energy storage owing to their intrinsic safety,low cost,and high power density.However,their practical implementation remains hindered by the limited energy density of traditional carbon-based cathodes.Here,we rationally design porous carbon nanofibers embedded with atomically dispersed Zn and Fe dual-metal sites(ZnFe/PCNFs),synthesized via electrospinning followed by controlled carbonization.The introduction of Fe modulates the local electronic structure of Zn centers,thereby facilitating enhanced d-orbital hybridization and stronger ion adsorption through the formation of ZnFeN_(6) coordination motifs.Coupled with high surface area and hierarchical porosity,these atomic-level interactions facilitate exceptional ion accessibility and rapid charge-transfer kinetics.As a cathode for ZIHCs,ZnFe/PCNFs deliver a specific capacity of 213 mAh g^(-1),exceptional high-rate capability,and longterm cycling stability over 20000 cycles.This work elucidates mechanisms of dual-metal atomic coordination and provides a robust design strategy for high-performance,durable aqueous energy storage systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.52574348)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(nos.E2024501010 and B2024501004)+3 种基金the Shijiazhuang Basic Research Project(no.241790667A)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(no.N2423013)the National College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(no.202419145017)the Performance Subsidy Fund for Key Laboratory of Dielectric,Electrolyte Functional Material Hebei Province(no.22567627H)。
文摘MnO_(2) emerges as a promising cathode material for aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)due to its high theoretical capacity and ideal working voltage.However,inherent limitations in low electrical conductivity and structural instability restrict its widespread application.Herein,we fabricated layered δ-MnO_(2) and introduced Cu and Ce metal ions for structural regulation,thus constructing a δ/a-MnO_(2) heterostructure within the δ-MnO_(2) matrix,forming a heterointerface that simultaneously enhances the electrical conductivity and structural stability of the material.In this system,Cu^(2+)acts as a catalyst,promoting the reduction of high-valent Mn to Mn^(2+)and enabling local two-electron transfer,which significantly increases the discharge specific capacity of MnO_(2).For Ce^(3+),it functions as a structural regulator,inducing the partial transformation of δ-MnO_(2) to a-MnO_(2) and forming the δ/a-MnO_(2) heterostructure.Further supported by density functional theory(DFT)calculations and in-situ characterization results,the heterointerface between a-MnO_(2) andδ-MnO_(2) generates an internal electric field due to the difference in Fermi levels.This not only effectively enhances the electron transfer capability but also significantly improves structural stability.Benefiting from these advantages,the Cu,Ce co-incorporated MnO_(2)(CCMO)cathode delivers a high discharge capacity of 455.4 mAh g^(-1)at 0.2 A g^(-1)and maintains 191.2 mAh g^(-1)specific capacity after 1500 cycles with 95%capacity retention at 2 A g^(-1),which is significantly better than non-doped MnO_(2).This strategy of structural regulation and heterostructure construction using vip ions offers a new approach for developing high-performance Mn-based cathode materials for AZIBs.
基金financially supported by the Science and Technology Foundation of Henan Province(252102230017)the Doctoral Foundation of Henan University of Technology(2019BS005)+2 种基金the Talent Research Start-up Fund Project of Tongling University(2021tlxyrc23)the Natural Science Research Project of the Anhui Educational Committee(2023AH040234)the Scientific Research Projects of Tongling University(2022tlxyszZD04)。
文摘The development of aqueous zinc batteries(AZBs)is severely constrained by uncontrolled dendrite growth and parasitic interfacial reactions.Conventional solvation-dominated additives can mitigate these issues by altering the Zn^(2+)solvation structure,but they often compromise ion transport.Here,we introduce a molecular design principle for a non-solvating additive(NSA)based on inductive effects.Ethyl trifluoroacetate(ETFA),obtained by introducing an electron-withdrawing–CF_(3) group adjacent to the–C=O moiety of ethyl acetate(EA),participates minimally in the solvation structure but preferentially undergoes Gibbs adsorption at the Zn-electrolyte interface.This process reduces interfacial tension,reconstructs the electrical double layer,and orients ETFA molecules such that the hydrophilic–C=O groups face the electrolyte,modulating hydrogen-bonding networks,while the hydrophobic–CF_(3) groups anchor onto Zn to regulate deposition.As a result,dendrite formation and side reactions are simultaneously suppressed.With only 1 vol%ETFA,Zn-Cu cells achieve over 4000 stable cycles with 99.89%Coulombic efficiency.Zn-I_(2) full cells employing the modified electrolyte maintain stable operation for more than 500 cycles(6.8 mg cm^(-2),10μm Zn,N/P=2.86),and 0.3 Ah Zn-I_(2) pouch cells(30 mg cm^(-2),100μm Zn)can cycle stably for over 200 cycles.These findings highlight the critical role of Gibbs adsorption in interfacial regulation and provide insights for the molecular design of high-performance additives for stable Zn anodes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62201369,52203142)Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(2024NSFSC0226)the Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology of Fujian Province University(WYKF-EIGT2023-1)。
文摘The advancement of aqueous zinc metal batteries(ZMBs)is constrained by intrinsic interfacial issues in aqueous electrolyte systems.Here,using numerical simulation,we decipher the multi-scale causes of interfacial instability,elucidating the synergistic effect of macroscopic ineffective regions and microscopic passivation.Based on the analysis,we develop an electrolyte-triggered interphase construction strategy to resolve the interfacial failure.This strategy couples the in situ formation of hydrogel interphase on both the anode and cathode with the electrolyte filling process,thereby(1)facilitating contact between electrodes and the separator;(2)promoting anode reversibility through inducing a bilayer SEI that enhances Zn^(2+)desolvation kinetics and blocks electron tunneling;(3)ensuring long-term cathode cycling stability via restricting the irreversible dissolution of MnO_(2)and side-reactions.The resultant Zn metal anode exhibited a near-unity Coulombic efficiency(99.5%)for Zn plating/stripping at an extremely low current density of 0.1 mA cm^(-2)and the Zn/MnO_(2)full cell sustained 2000 full-duty-cycles with an exceptionally low decay rate of 0.0051%per-cycle.This work unlocks an alternative angle for promoting practical ZMB s toward more sustainable energy storage systems.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52125202,52202100,and U24A2065)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20243016)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024T171166).
文摘Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)have garnered considerable attention as promising post-lithium energy storage technologies owing to their intrinsic safety,cost-effectiveness,and competitive gravimetric energy density.However,their practical commercialization is hindered by critical challenges on the anode side,including dendrite growth and parasitic reactions at the anode/electrolyte interface.Recent studies highlight that rational electrolyte structure engineering offers an effective route to mitigate these issues and strengthen the electrochemical performance of the zinc metal anode.In this review,we systematically summarize state-of-the-art strategies for electrolyte optimization,with a particular focus on the zinc salts regulation,electrolyte additives,and the construction of novel electrolytes,while elucidating the underlying design principles.We further discuss the key structure–property relationships governing electrolyte behavior to provide guidance for the development of next-generation electrolytes.Finally,future perspectives on advanced electrolyte design are proposed.This review aims to serve as a comprehensive reference for researchers exploring high-performance electrolyte engineering in AZIBs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52471240)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LZ23B030003)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(226-2024-00075)support from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(EPSRC,UK)RiR grant-RIR18221018-1EU COST CA23155。
文摘The electric double layer(EDL)at the electrochemical interface is crucial for ion transport,charge transfer,and surface reactions in aqueous rechargeable zinc batteries(ARZBs).However,Zn anodes routinely encounter persistent dendrite growth and parasitic reactions,driven by the inhomogeneous charge distribution and water-dominated environment within the EDL.Compounding this,classical EDL theory,rooted in meanfield approximations,further fails to resolve molecular-scale interfacial dynamics under battery-operating conditions,limiting mechanistic insights.Herein,we established a multiscale theoretical calculation framework from single molecular characteristics to interfacial ion distribution,revealing the EDL’s structure and interactions between different ions and molecules,which helps us understand the parasitic processes in depth.Simulations demonstrate that water dipole and sulfate ion adsorption at the inner Helmholtz plane drives severe hydrogen evolution and by-product formation.Guided by these insights,we engineered a“water-poor and anion-expelled”EDL using 4,1’,6’-trichlorogalactosucrose(TGS)as an electrolyte additive.As a result,Zn||Zn symmetric cells with TGS exhibited stable cycling for over 4700 h under a current density of 1 mA cm^(−2),while NaV_(3)O_(8)·1.5H_(2)O-based full cells kept 90.4%of the initial specific capacity after 800 cycles at 5 A g^(−1).This work highlights the power of multiscale theoretical frameworks to unravel EDL complexities and guide high-performance ARZB design through integrated theory-experiment approaches.
基金supported by the Anhui Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Initiative(202423i08050051)the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2408085MB029)+1 种基金the HFIPS Director’s Fund(YZJJGGZX202201)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province of China(B2024402018)。
文摘Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)are currently confronted with the challenge of achieving long-term cyclic stability under high current densities.This issue is primarily attributed to the excessive growth of dendrites and the occurrence of significant side reactions.Herein,sucralose(SCL),as an electrolyte additive,has been used to promote the exposure of the Zn(002)texture.The introduction of SCL can adjust the Zn~(2+)nucleation and diffusion along different crystal facets,promoting the exposure of the Zn(002)texture.By substituting water molecules in the[Zn(H_(2)O)_(6)]~(2+),SCL reconfigures the hydrogen bond network in the electrolyte,reconstructing the solvation structure and suppressing the hydrogen evolution reaction.Consequently,the Zn//Zn symmetric battery exhibits long-term cycling stability of over 4900 h at 1 mA cm^(-2)-1 mAh cm^(-2).Even at a harsh condition of 30 mA cm^(-2)-30 mAh cm^(-2)(DOD=73.3%),it can stably cycle for 171 h.The CE of the Zn//Cu half battery reaches 99.61% at 0.2 mA cm^(-2)with 0.2 mAh cm^(-2).Employing the optimized electrolyte,after 500 cycles,a high specific capacity of 420 mAh g^(-1)can be retained for the NH_4V_4O_(10)//Zn full battery at 500 mA g^(-1),corresponding to a capacity retention of 90.7%.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22179093 and 21905202)。
文摘Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)are considered promising for safe,low-cost,and sustainable energy storage.However,their practical deployment is critically hindered by dendrite formation and parasitic reactions at the Zn anode-electrolyte interface.To address this challenge,we present a self-assembly strategy to construct vertically aligned organic-inorganic hybrid nanosheet arrays composed of polyethyleneimine-zinc hydroxide sulfate(PEI-ZHS)via a simple coating-immersion method.The protonation of polyethyleneimine in ZnSO_(4) electrolyte provides localized alkaline conditions for controlled nucleation and growth of ZHS nanosheets at the anode interfa ce.This vertically aligned na noarchitectu re allows for fast Zn^(2+)transport and even nucleation by providing abundant oriented ion-conductive microchannels and accelerating desolvation.Benefiting from these characteristics,the PEI-ZHS layer effectively mitigates side reactions and dendrite growth.As a result,the modified zinc anodes achieve excellent cycling lifespans of 5200 and 1200 h at 1 mA cm^(-2)/1 mAh cm^(-2) and 5 mA cm^(-2)/5 mAh cm^(-2),respectively,in symmetric cells.The Zn‖I_(2) full cell also shows great reversibility,retaining 93.02%of initial capacity after 4000 cycles at 1 A g^(-1).This work introduces a thermodynamically guided and scalable interfacial engineering approach that advances the stability and performance of Zn metal anodes in AZIBs.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(LH2023C028)。
文摘Zinc,an essential trace element,plays a pivotal role in maintaining animal health and physiological functions.This review comprehensively examines zinc metabolism—including absorption dynamics across species(poultry,ruminants,and non-ruminants),transport mechanisms,storage in tissues,e.g.,the liver,and excretion pathways—and its multifaceted effects on animal health.Zinc critically regulates aspects of growth and development,particularly bone formation,as its deficiency induces skeletal deformities in young animals.It modulates immune function through zinc finger proteins,influencing immune organ integrity,lymphocyte proliferation,and cytokine expression.Reproductive performance is significantly affected by zinc,with its deficiency causing impaired spermatogenesis;delayed sexual maturity in males;and reduced litter size,embryonic survival,and placental function in females.At the molecular level,zinc regulates the activity of enzymes(e.g.,SOD),signaling pathways(MAPK,NF-κB),and transcription factors(MTF-1,Sp1)to maintain homeostasis.Both zinc deficiency(due to dietary insufficiency,malabsorption,or physiological stress)and zinc excess(from environmental pollution or feed oversupplementation)adversely affect health,disrupting mineral balance,enzyme function,and gut microbiota.In animal production,inorganic(zinc oxide,zinc sulfate)and organic(zinc methionine)sources of zinc increase growth,immunity,and productivity,although sustainable strategies are needed to mitigate environmental risks.Future research should focus on novel zinc formulations,precision nutrition,and interactions with gut microbiota to optimize livestock health and sustainable husbandry.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFC3707001).
文摘In recent years,an increase in the content of Zn,the impurity element,in ironmaking raw materials has led to the deterioration of iron-bearing resources and has introduced new challenges to sintering dezincification.A thorough understanding of the reaction behavior of Zn during the sintering process can form a theoretical foundation for the development of efficient dezincification technology.Therefore,the reaction behavior of Zn was investigated under different temperatures and atmospheres using thermodynamic calculations and experimental simulations,and the phase transformation of Zn in each pre-reductive sintering zone was investigated.The results showed that Zn-containing materials were mainly converted into ZnO when the temperature reached 700℃,and ZnO began to combine with Fe_(2)O_(3)to form ZnFe_(2)O_(4)at approximately 800℃.At low CO concentration,ZnFe_(2)O_(4)was stable,while ZnO combined with iron oxide to form Fe_(0.85-x)Zn_(x)O in a strong reduction atmosphere.ZnFe_(2)O_(4)could also be converted into Fe_(0.85-x)Zn_(x)O and FeO.A part of Zn was converted to elemental Zn,which was volatilized and removed into the gas phase above 1000℃.Therefore,the feasibility of dezincification via pre-reductive sintering was confirmed.At the coke ratio of 18.0 wt.%of the sintering material,the Zn removal rate reached 62.3 wt.%.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071715)the National Science Foundation of Tianjin City(22JCZDJC00560)。
文摘As an earth-abundant and natural biopolymer,cellulose has received significant attention in aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)due to its inherent sustainability and non-toxicity,aligning perfectly with the core advantages of AZIBs.Nevertheless,the practical implementation of cellulose-based materials is limited by their intrinsically low ionic conductivity.Herein,we introduce a novel zincophilic artificial protective layer by strategically hybridizing hydroxypropyl cellulose(HPC)with zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate on a zinc metal anode(HZ@Zn).Characterization and calculations demonstrate that the multihydroxyl architecture of HPC constructs hydrogen bond networks,whereas the Zn^(2+)-coordinated HPC domains function as preferential nucleation sites for zinc deposition.These interactions collectively enhance ion transport and accelerate desolvation kinetics.Additionally,the hybrid layer's mechanical flexibility and interfacial adhesion ensure the integrity of the artificial protective layer during long cycling.Thanks to this synergistic effect,HZ@Zn shows exceptional electrochemical performance,including a low desolvation activation energy of 14.38 kJ mol^(-1)and ultra-long cycling stability.Symmetric cells demonstrate exceptional longevity,exceeding 9,500 h at 0.5 mA cm^(-2)/0.25 mAh cm^(-2),whereas HZ@Zn‖PANI full cells maintain 89.8%capacity retention after 4000 cycles at 5 A g^(-1).This study establishes biopolymers as versatile platforms for effectively stabilizing the zinc metal anode.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC2904900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52204392,52274385,52204347)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST,China(No.2022QNRC001)。
文摘The leaching mechanism of gallium(Ga)and germanium(Ge)from zinc powder replacement residue(ZPRR)was investigated through ultrasonic-assisted sulfuric acid leaching.Characterization via XRD,SEM,XPS,and FT-IR revealed that ultrasonic treatment promotes the dehydration of H_(4)SiO_(4)colloids,thereby reducing their adsorption capacities for Ga and Ge complexes.Additionally,ultrasound enhances the dissolution of CaS in H_(2)SO_(4),increasing H_(2)S production,which aids in the reduction of Fe^(3+)and mitigates iron precipitate formation.Process parameters including ultrasonic power(0-450 W),temperature(100-120℃),and leaching time(30-120 min)were systematically optimized,achieving optimal leaching efficiencies of Ga and Ge at 95.7%and 94.5%,respectively.
文摘A zinc sulfate open framework matrix,[Zn(SO_4)(DMSO)](1),was synthesized by solvothermal evaporationusing dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)as the solvent.A compositeP@1,which exhibits fluorescence and room tempera-ture phosphorescence(RTP)properties,was prepared by doping 2,6-naphthalic acid(P)into matrix1at a low con-centration.P@1emitted a green RTP that was visible to the naked eye and lasted for approximately 2 s.P@1exhib-ited selective phosphorescence enhancement response towards Pb^(2+),with a detection limit of 2.52μmol·L^(-1).Themain detection mechanism is the Pb—O coordination-induced phosphorescence enhancement in the system.Inter-estingly,P@1also functioned as a dual-channel probe for the rapid detection of Fe^(3+)ions through fluorescencequenching with a detection limit of 0.038μmol·L^(-1).The recognition mechanism may be attributed to the competi-tive energy absorption betweenP@1and Fe^(3+)ions.CCDC:2388502,1.
