The space-borne fluxgate magnetometer(FGM)requires regular in-flight calibration to obtain its zero offset.Recently,Wang GQ and Pan ZH(2021a)developed a new method for the zero offset calibration based on the properti...The space-borne fluxgate magnetometer(FGM)requires regular in-flight calibration to obtain its zero offset.Recently,Wang GQ and Pan ZH(2021a)developed a new method for the zero offset calibration based on the properties of Alfvén waves.They found that an optimal offset line(OOL)exists in the offset cube for a pure Alfvén wave and that the zero offset can be determined by the intersection of at least two nonparallel OOLs.Because no pure Alfvén waves exist in the interplanetary magnetic field,calculation of the zero offset relies on the selection of highly Alfvénic fluctuation events.Here,we propose an automatic procedure to find highly Alfvénic fluctuations in the solar wind and calculate the zero offset.This procedure includes three parts:(1)selecting potential Alfvénic fluctuation events,(2)obtaining the OOL,and(3)determining the zero offset.We tested our automatic procedure by applying it to the magnetic field data measured by the FGM onboard the Venus Express.The tests revealed that our automatic procedure was able to achieve results as good as those determined by the Davis-Smith method.One advantage of our procedure is that the selection criteria and the process for selecting the highly Alfvénic fluctuation events are simpler.Our automatic procedure could also be applied to find fluctuation events for the Davis-Smith method.展开更多
In this paper, a very low-offset continuous time amplifier has been presented. It has the fully differential structure and uses an Auto-zeroed offset stabilization technique. This structure consists of two phases in w...In this paper, a very low-offset continuous time amplifier has been presented. It has the fully differential structure and uses an Auto-zeroed offset stabilization technique. This structure consists of two phases in which the offset value is sampled in the first phase and then subtracted from the signal in the second phase. In order to maintain the continuous time topology, the amplifier uses two paths called main-path and sub-path where the main-path is never disconnected from the signal path and as a result the structure will be continuous time. The amplifier is designed to have a total amount of power dissipation about 3 mW in the standard 0.35 μm CMOS process. Furthermore, the proposed Opamp has an offset value lower than 1 μV at a 2.5 kHz Auto-zeroing frequency, unity gain frequency of 6.14 MHz and phase margin of 78.6° with 50 pF loads.展开更多
Abstract Accurate simulation of seismic wave propaga- tion in complex geological structures is of particular interest nowadays. However conventional methods may fail to simulate realistic wavefields in environments wi...Abstract Accurate simulation of seismic wave propaga- tion in complex geological structures is of particular interest nowadays. However conventional methods may fail to simulate realistic wavefields in environments with great and rapid structural changes, due for instance to the presence of shadow zones, diffractions and/or edge effects. Different methods, developed to improve seismic model- ing, are typically tested on synthetic configurations against analytical solutions for simple canonical problems or ref- erence methods, or via direct comparison with real data acquired in situ. Such approaches have limitations,especially if the propagation occurs in a complex envi- ronment with strong-contrast reflectors and surface irreg- ularities, as it can be difficult to determine the method which gives the best approximation of the ＂real＂ solution, or to interpret the results obtained without an a priori knowledge of the geologic environment. An alternative approach for seismics consists in comparing the synthetic data with high-quality data collected in laboratory experi- ments under controlled conditions for a known configuration. In contrast with numerical experiments, laboratory data possess many of the characteristics of field data, as real waves propagate through models with no numerical approximations. We thus present a comparison of laboratory-scaled measurements of 3D zero-offset wave reflection of broadband pulses from a strong topographic environment immersed in a water tank with numerical data simulated by means of a spectral-element method and a discretized Kirchhoff integral method. The results indicate a good quantitative fit in terms of time arrivals and acceptable fit in amplitudes for all datasets.展开更多
本文介绍了一种基于开关电容的带隙基准芯片电路.本文巧妙地利用电容和开关的模拟电阻,实现了静态电流小,温度系数好的开关型基准电压.同时运用自动调零技术,克服了线性基准的失调缺陷,消除了运放的失调电压,提高了输出电压的失调精度....本文介绍了一种基于开关电容的带隙基准芯片电路.本文巧妙地利用电容和开关的模拟电阻,实现了静态电流小,温度系数好的开关型基准电压.同时运用自动调零技术,克服了线性基准的失调缺陷,消除了运放的失调电压,提高了输出电压的失调精度.电路在0.5μm VIS CMOS工艺下实现,温度系数29×10-6V/℃,20mV输入失调电压下的电压漂移仅为0.4mV.展开更多
当地震波在地层中传播时,能量的衰减是传播介质非弹性性质的反映.这种介质所固有的衰减特性通常用品质因子(Quality Factor,Q)来描述.本文基于地震波在传播过程中主频降低的衰减特性,利用质心频率偏移法(Centrold Frequency Shift,简称C...当地震波在地层中传播时,能量的衰减是传播介质非弹性性质的反映.这种介质所固有的衰减特性通常用品质因子(Quality Factor,Q)来描述.本文基于地震波在传播过程中主频降低的衰减特性,利用质心频率偏移法(Centrold Frequency Shift,简称CFS)对零偏VSP正演模型进行Q值计算,分析薄层、上下行波场、频带宽度、反演波速、震源位置等因素的影响.模型结果显示:CFS法比频谱比法、振幅衰减法能更加准确识别薄层界面,可准确反演出厚度10m的地层;上行波场的加入降低反演结果准确度,尤其对高Q值层;当有效波频带增宽时,高频部分衰减明显,Q值反演结果接近理论值;反演波速误差对反演准确性影响很大.最后,利用CFS对实际井旁地面地震资料进行Q值反演,反Q滤波后其主频由25Hz提高到35Hz,分辨率得到改善,证明了CFS方法的实用性.展开更多
基金financially supported by the Shenzhen Science and Technology Research Program(grant no.JCYJ2021032412141-2034)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.41804157,41774171,41774167,41974205,41804157,and 41904156)+3 种基金financial support from the pre-research Project on Civil Aerospace Technologies(grant no.D020103)funded by the China National Space Administrationthe 111 Project(grant no.B18017)the Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetologythe Macao Foundation.
文摘The space-borne fluxgate magnetometer(FGM)requires regular in-flight calibration to obtain its zero offset.Recently,Wang GQ and Pan ZH(2021a)developed a new method for the zero offset calibration based on the properties of Alfvén waves.They found that an optimal offset line(OOL)exists in the offset cube for a pure Alfvén wave and that the zero offset can be determined by the intersection of at least two nonparallel OOLs.Because no pure Alfvén waves exist in the interplanetary magnetic field,calculation of the zero offset relies on the selection of highly Alfvénic fluctuation events.Here,we propose an automatic procedure to find highly Alfvénic fluctuations in the solar wind and calculate the zero offset.This procedure includes three parts:(1)selecting potential Alfvénic fluctuation events,(2)obtaining the OOL,and(3)determining the zero offset.We tested our automatic procedure by applying it to the magnetic field data measured by the FGM onboard the Venus Express.The tests revealed that our automatic procedure was able to achieve results as good as those determined by the Davis-Smith method.One advantage of our procedure is that the selection criteria and the process for selecting the highly Alfvénic fluctuation events are simpler.Our automatic procedure could also be applied to find fluctuation events for the Davis-Smith method.
文摘In this paper, a very low-offset continuous time amplifier has been presented. It has the fully differential structure and uses an Auto-zeroed offset stabilization technique. This structure consists of two phases in which the offset value is sampled in the first phase and then subtracted from the signal in the second phase. In order to maintain the continuous time topology, the amplifier uses two paths called main-path and sub-path where the main-path is never disconnected from the signal path and as a result the structure will be continuous time. The amplifier is designed to have a total amount of power dissipation about 3 mW in the standard 0.35 μm CMOS process. Furthermore, the proposed Opamp has an offset value lower than 1 μV at a 2.5 kHz Auto-zeroing frequency, unity gain frequency of 6.14 MHz and phase margin of 78.6° with 50 pF loads.
基金the INSIS Institute of the French CNRS,Aix-Marseille Universitythe Carnot Star Institute,the VISTA Projectthe Norwegian Research Council through the ROSE Project for financial support
文摘Abstract Accurate simulation of seismic wave propaga- tion in complex geological structures is of particular interest nowadays. However conventional methods may fail to simulate realistic wavefields in environments with great and rapid structural changes, due for instance to the presence of shadow zones, diffractions and/or edge effects. Different methods, developed to improve seismic model- ing, are typically tested on synthetic configurations against analytical solutions for simple canonical problems or ref- erence methods, or via direct comparison with real data acquired in situ. Such approaches have limitations,especially if the propagation occurs in a complex envi- ronment with strong-contrast reflectors and surface irreg- ularities, as it can be difficult to determine the method which gives the best approximation of the ＂real＂ solution, or to interpret the results obtained without an a priori knowledge of the geologic environment. An alternative approach for seismics consists in comparing the synthetic data with high-quality data collected in laboratory experi- ments under controlled conditions for a known configuration. In contrast with numerical experiments, laboratory data possess many of the characteristics of field data, as real waves propagate through models with no numerical approximations. We thus present a comparison of laboratory-scaled measurements of 3D zero-offset wave reflection of broadband pulses from a strong topographic environment immersed in a water tank with numerical data simulated by means of a spectral-element method and a discretized Kirchhoff integral method. The results indicate a good quantitative fit in terms of time arrivals and acceptable fit in amplitudes for all datasets.
文摘本文介绍了一种基于开关电容的带隙基准芯片电路.本文巧妙地利用电容和开关的模拟电阻,实现了静态电流小,温度系数好的开关型基准电压.同时运用自动调零技术,克服了线性基准的失调缺陷,消除了运放的失调电压,提高了输出电压的失调精度.电路在0.5μm VIS CMOS工艺下实现,温度系数29×10-6V/℃,20mV输入失调电压下的电压漂移仅为0.4mV.
文摘当地震波在地层中传播时,能量的衰减是传播介质非弹性性质的反映.这种介质所固有的衰减特性通常用品质因子(Quality Factor,Q)来描述.本文基于地震波在传播过程中主频降低的衰减特性,利用质心频率偏移法(Centrold Frequency Shift,简称CFS)对零偏VSP正演模型进行Q值计算,分析薄层、上下行波场、频带宽度、反演波速、震源位置等因素的影响.模型结果显示:CFS法比频谱比法、振幅衰减法能更加准确识别薄层界面,可准确反演出厚度10m的地层;上行波场的加入降低反演结果准确度,尤其对高Q值层;当有效波频带增宽时,高频部分衰减明显,Q值反演结果接近理论值;反演波速误差对反演准确性影响很大.最后,利用CFS对实际井旁地面地震资料进行Q值反演,反Q滤波后其主频由25Hz提高到35Hz,分辨率得到改善,证明了CFS方法的实用性.
