Nitrogen(N) losses in cropland resulting from the application of synthetic fertilizers decrease crop productivity and exacerbate environmental pollution.Mitigation measures, such as reduction in N fertilizer applicati...Nitrogen(N) losses in cropland resulting from the application of synthetic fertilizers decrease crop productivity and exacerbate environmental pollution.Mitigation measures, such as reduction in N fertilizer application rates, can have unintentional adverse effects on crop yield. We conducted a meta-analysis of soil N_(2)O emissions from agricultural fields across China under contrasting mitigation scenarios as a novel approach to identify the most effective strategy for the mitigation of emissions of N_(2)O derived from N fertilizer use in China. Current standard agricultural practice was used as a baseline scenario(BS), and 12 potential mitigation scenarios(S1–S12) were derived from the available literature and comprised single and combinations of management scenarios that accounted for crop yield. Mitigation scenarios S6(nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate) and S11(20% reduction in N application rate plus nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide) in maize, rice, and wheat crops led to an average 56.0% reduction in N_(2)O emissions at the national level, whereas scenario S4(nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide) led to yield optimization, with a 14.0% increase for maize and 8.0% increase for rice as compared to the BS. Implementation of these most effective mitigation scenarios(S4, S6, and S11) might help China, as a signatory to the 2015 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(Paris Agreement), to achieve a 30% reduction in N_(2)O emissions by 2030.展开更多
Bio-organic fertilizers enriched with plant growth-promoting microbes(PGPMs)have been widely used in crop fields to promote plant growth and maintain soil microbiome functions.However,their potential effects on N_(2)O...Bio-organic fertilizers enriched with plant growth-promoting microbes(PGPMs)have been widely used in crop fields to promote plant growth and maintain soil microbiome functions.However,their potential effects on N_(2)O emissions are of increasing concern.In this study,an in situ measurement experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of organic fertilizer containing Trichoderma guizhouense(a plant growth-promoting fungus)on soil N_(2)O emissions from a greenhouse vegetable field.The following four treatments were used:no fertilizer(control),chemical fertilizer(NPK),organic fertilizer derived from cattle manure(O),and organic fertilizer containing T.guizhouense(O+T,referring to bio-organic fertilizer).The abundances of soil N cycling-related functional genes(amoA)from ammonium-oxidizing bacteria(AOB)and archaea(AOA),as well as nirS,nirK,and nosZ,were simultaneously determined using quantitative PCR(qPCR).Compared to the NPK plot,seasonal total N_(2)O emissions decreased by 11.7%and 18.7%in the O and O+T plots,respectively,which was attributed to lower NH_(4)^(+)-N content and AOB amoA abundance in the O and O+T plots.The nosZ abundance was significantly greater in the O+T plot,whilst the AOB amoA abundance was significantly lower in the O+T plot than in the O plot.Relative to the organic fertilizer,bio-organic fertilizer application tended to decrease N_(2)O emissions by 7.9%and enhanced vegetable yield,resulting in a significant decrease in yield-scaled N_(2)O emissions.Overall,the results of this study suggested that,compared to organic and chemical fertilizers,bio-organic fertilizers containing PGPMs could benefit crop yield and mitigate N_(2)O emissions in vegetable fields.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31561143011)the IAEA-Coordinated Research Projects (D1.5016, RAS5083)。
文摘Nitrogen(N) losses in cropland resulting from the application of synthetic fertilizers decrease crop productivity and exacerbate environmental pollution.Mitigation measures, such as reduction in N fertilizer application rates, can have unintentional adverse effects on crop yield. We conducted a meta-analysis of soil N_(2)O emissions from agricultural fields across China under contrasting mitigation scenarios as a novel approach to identify the most effective strategy for the mitigation of emissions of N_(2)O derived from N fertilizer use in China. Current standard agricultural practice was used as a baseline scenario(BS), and 12 potential mitigation scenarios(S1–S12) were derived from the available literature and comprised single and combinations of management scenarios that accounted for crop yield. Mitigation scenarios S6(nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate) and S11(20% reduction in N application rate plus nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide) in maize, rice, and wheat crops led to an average 56.0% reduction in N_(2)O emissions at the national level, whereas scenario S4(nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide) led to yield optimization, with a 14.0% increase for maize and 8.0% increase for rice as compared to the BS. Implementation of these most effective mitigation scenarios(S4, S6, and S11) might help China, as a signatory to the 2015 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(Paris Agreement), to achieve a 30% reduction in N_(2)O emissions by 2030.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China(No.2017YFD0800200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41877093 and 41771323)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.KYZ201621)the Ministry of Education 111 Project of China(No.B12009)。
文摘Bio-organic fertilizers enriched with plant growth-promoting microbes(PGPMs)have been widely used in crop fields to promote plant growth and maintain soil microbiome functions.However,their potential effects on N_(2)O emissions are of increasing concern.In this study,an in situ measurement experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of organic fertilizer containing Trichoderma guizhouense(a plant growth-promoting fungus)on soil N_(2)O emissions from a greenhouse vegetable field.The following four treatments were used:no fertilizer(control),chemical fertilizer(NPK),organic fertilizer derived from cattle manure(O),and organic fertilizer containing T.guizhouense(O+T,referring to bio-organic fertilizer).The abundances of soil N cycling-related functional genes(amoA)from ammonium-oxidizing bacteria(AOB)and archaea(AOA),as well as nirS,nirK,and nosZ,were simultaneously determined using quantitative PCR(qPCR).Compared to the NPK plot,seasonal total N_(2)O emissions decreased by 11.7%and 18.7%in the O and O+T plots,respectively,which was attributed to lower NH_(4)^(+)-N content and AOB amoA abundance in the O and O+T plots.The nosZ abundance was significantly greater in the O+T plot,whilst the AOB amoA abundance was significantly lower in the O+T plot than in the O plot.Relative to the organic fertilizer,bio-organic fertilizer application tended to decrease N_(2)O emissions by 7.9%and enhanced vegetable yield,resulting in a significant decrease in yield-scaled N_(2)O emissions.Overall,the results of this study suggested that,compared to organic and chemical fertilizers,bio-organic fertilizers containing PGPMs could benefit crop yield and mitigate N_(2)O emissions in vegetable fields.
