Yield gap analysis could provide management suggestions to increase crop yields,while the understandings of resource utilization efficiency could help judge the rationality of the management.Based on more than 110 pub...Yield gap analysis could provide management suggestions to increase crop yields,while the understandings of resource utilization efficiency could help judge the rationality of the management.Based on more than 110 published papers and data from Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO,www.fao.org/faostat) and the Global Yield Gap and Water Productivity Atlas (www.yieldgap.org),this study summarized the concept,quantitative method of yield gap,yield-limiting factors,and resource utilization efficiency of the three major food crops (wheat,maize and rice).Currently,global potential yields of wheat,maize and rice were 7.7,10.4 and 8.5 t ha^(–1),respectively.However,actual yields of wheat,maize and rice were just 4.1,5.5 and 4.0 t ha^(–1),respectively.Climate,nutrients,moisture,crop varieties,planting dates,and socioeconomic conditions are the most mentioned yield-limiting factors.In terms of resource utilization,nitrogen utilization,water utilization,and radiation utilization efficiencies are still not optimal,and this review has summarized the main improvement measures.The current research focuses on quantitative potential yield and yield gap,with a rough explanation of yield-limiting factors.Subsequent research should use remote sensing data to improve the accuracy of the regional scale and use machine learning to quantify the role of yield-limiting factors in yield gaps and the impact of change crop management on resource utilization efficiency,so as to propose reasonable and effective measures to close yield gaps.展开更多
Maize is a critical grain crop in China,having the largest planting area and highest total yield of all grain crops.In the four-primary maize-producing regions of China(Northeast,North China Plain,Northwest and Southw...Maize is a critical grain crop in China,having the largest planting area and highest total yield of all grain crops.In the four-primary maize-producing regions of China(Northeast,North China Plain,Northwest and Southwest),persistent regional production challenges and yield-limiting factors have impeded the realization of efficient maize production.This paper reviews sustainable,yield-enhancing and efficiency-improving practices for maize production in China.By addressing the regional constraints in major maizeproducing areas and incorporating strategies,such as high-yield population construction,the establishment of appropriate tillage layers and soil fertility enhancement through precise matching technologies,this study integrates regionalized integrated fertilizer application and a government-enterpriseuniversity-research-application collaborative model,focusing on the Science and Technology Backyards.The goal is to facilitate sustainable,efficient,scaled and modernized development across diverse maize-growing regions in China.This approach is expected to provide a foundation for sustainable and efficient maize production in China.展开更多
Agriculture faces the dual challenges of food security and environmental sustainability.Here,we investigate current maize production at the field scale,analyze the yield gaps and impacting factors,and recommend measur...Agriculture faces the dual challenges of food security and environmental sustainability.Here,we investigate current maize production at the field scale,analyze the yield gaps and impacting factors,and recommend measures for sustainably closing yield gaps.An experiment was conducted on a 3.9-ha maize seed production field in arid north-west China,managed with border and drip irrigation,respectively,in 2015 and 2016.The relative yield reached 70%in both years.However,drip irrigation saved 227 mm irrigation water during a drier growing season compared with traditional border irrigation,accounting for 44%of the maize evapotranspiration(ET).Yield variability under drip irrigation was12.1%,lower than the 18.8%under border irrigation.Boundary line analysis indicates that a relative yield increase of 8%to 10%might be obtained by optimizing the yield-limiting factors.Plant density and soil available water content and available nitrogen were the three major factors involved.In conclusion,closing yield gaps with agricultural sustainability may be realized by optimizing agronomic,irrigation and fertilizer management,using water-saving irrigation methods and using site-specific management.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300100)the Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciencesthe Elite Youth Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science。
文摘Yield gap analysis could provide management suggestions to increase crop yields,while the understandings of resource utilization efficiency could help judge the rationality of the management.Based on more than 110 published papers and data from Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO,www.fao.org/faostat) and the Global Yield Gap and Water Productivity Atlas (www.yieldgap.org),this study summarized the concept,quantitative method of yield gap,yield-limiting factors,and resource utilization efficiency of the three major food crops (wheat,maize and rice).Currently,global potential yields of wheat,maize and rice were 7.7,10.4 and 8.5 t ha^(–1),respectively.However,actual yields of wheat,maize and rice were just 4.1,5.5 and 4.0 t ha^(–1),respectively.Climate,nutrients,moisture,crop varieties,planting dates,and socioeconomic conditions are the most mentioned yield-limiting factors.In terms of resource utilization,nitrogen utilization,water utilization,and radiation utilization efficiencies are still not optimal,and this review has summarized the main improvement measures.The current research focuses on quantitative potential yield and yield gap,with a rough explanation of yield-limiting factors.Subsequent research should use remote sensing data to improve the accuracy of the regional scale and use machine learning to quantify the role of yield-limiting factors in yield gaps and the impact of change crop management on resource utilization efficiency,so as to propose reasonable and effective measures to close yield gaps.
基金supported by National Key R&D Programs(2024YFD2300105 and 2022YFD1500700)National Maize Production System in China and Special Fund for Agriculture Professional(201103003).
文摘Maize is a critical grain crop in China,having the largest planting area and highest total yield of all grain crops.In the four-primary maize-producing regions of China(Northeast,North China Plain,Northwest and Southwest),persistent regional production challenges and yield-limiting factors have impeded the realization of efficient maize production.This paper reviews sustainable,yield-enhancing and efficiency-improving practices for maize production in China.By addressing the regional constraints in major maizeproducing areas and incorporating strategies,such as high-yield population construction,the establishment of appropriate tillage layers and soil fertility enhancement through precise matching technologies,this study integrates regionalized integrated fertilizer application and a government-enterpriseuniversity-research-application collaborative model,focusing on the Science and Technology Backyards.The goal is to facilitate sustainable,efficient,scaled and modernized development across diverse maize-growing regions in China.This approach is expected to provide a foundation for sustainable and efficient maize production in China.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51725904,51621061,51861125103)the Discipline Innovative Engineering Plan(111 Program,B14002)。
文摘Agriculture faces the dual challenges of food security and environmental sustainability.Here,we investigate current maize production at the field scale,analyze the yield gaps and impacting factors,and recommend measures for sustainably closing yield gaps.An experiment was conducted on a 3.9-ha maize seed production field in arid north-west China,managed with border and drip irrigation,respectively,in 2015 and 2016.The relative yield reached 70%in both years.However,drip irrigation saved 227 mm irrigation water during a drier growing season compared with traditional border irrigation,accounting for 44%of the maize evapotranspiration(ET).Yield variability under drip irrigation was12.1%,lower than the 18.8%under border irrigation.Boundary line analysis indicates that a relative yield increase of 8%to 10%might be obtained by optimizing the yield-limiting factors.Plant density and soil available water content and available nitrogen were the three major factors involved.In conclusion,closing yield gaps with agricultural sustainability may be realized by optimizing agronomic,irrigation and fertilizer management,using water-saving irrigation methods and using site-specific management.
