Purpose: This study aims to explore the relationships between different facets of work task and selection and query-related behavior.Design/methodology/approach:An experiment was conducted to explore the issue. The re...Purpose: This study aims to explore the relationships between different facets of work task and selection and query-related behavior.Design/methodology/approach:An experiment was conducted to explore the issue. The researcher recruited 24 participants and assigned six simulated work task situations to each of them. Each experiment lasted around 2 hours and was recorded by the software tool Morae.Findings: Time(frequency) and time(length) are more closely related to user’s selection and query-related behavior compared to the facet ‘process’ of work task. Knowledge level of work task topic, degree of work task difficulty, and subjective work task complexity are significantly correlated with selection and query-related behavior. Work task difficulty and work task complexity are different concepts. Subjective work task complexity, work task difficulty, and knowledge of work task topic are significantly correlated with user’s selection and query-related behavior.Research limitations/implications: The limitations of this study include a small sample size,limited work task situations, and possible spurious relationships. This study has implications in informing task-based information seeking/search/retrieval research and interactive information retrieval(IIR) systems design.Originality/values: Previous studies usually did not touch upon how different facets of work tasks affected interactive activities. Some studies examining task complexity and information behavior were concerned with how work tasks affect users’ behavior at information-seeking level, rather than at information search level. This study makes contribution to interactive information retrieval,task-based information search and retrieval, and personalization of IR.展开更多
Ⅰ.THE PRESENT SITUATION AND THE BASIC TASKS FOR EDUCATIONAL WORK AT THE ACADEMY While human society is welcoming the turn of the century.the world is in a historical period of great change,featured by a changeable po...Ⅰ.THE PRESENT SITUATION AND THE BASIC TASKS FOR EDUCATIONAL WORK AT THE ACADEMY While human society is welcoming the turn of the century.the world is in a historical period of great change,featured by a changeable political situation and intensified international competition. Oar country and nation is facing a pressing and severe challenge.Worldwide competition in the economy and overall national strength is essentially competition involving science and technology展开更多
Development of the prefrontal cortex and its connectivity with different cortical areas has strong implications for the improvement of working memory. The aim of this research was to characterize the interhemispheric ...Development of the prefrontal cortex and its connectivity with different cortical areas has strong implications for the improvement of working memory. The aim of this research was to characterize the interhemispheric (INTER) prefrontal and hemispheric (INTRA) frontopolar-dorsolateral prefrontal and dorsolateral prefrontal-parietal correlation (r) in children, adolescents and adults during performance of a visuospatial working memory task (VSWM). INTERr and INTRAr of 36 different aged male participants (11 - 13, 18 - 20 and 26 - 30 years old) were calculated during performance of the Corsi Block-Tapping task, which assessed VSWM. On this task, children showed lower correct responses than adolescents and adults. Adults also showed lower total execution times than children and adolescents, with a more efficient performance. On the EEGs, the older groups showed both higher interfrontal correlations and left and right prefronto-parietal correlations than children. According to our results, the progressive efficiency in VSWM is related to differences in EEG patterns among children, adolescents and adults.展开更多
Group work learning is one of the hot topics in English learning and teaching today. This discourse will probe the meaning and the advantages of group work learning, as well as its implementation. Also, the discourse ...Group work learning is one of the hot topics in English learning and teaching today. This discourse will probe the meaning and the advantages of group work learning, as well as its implementation. Also, the discourse discusses the proper time for group work learning. In addition to that, problems of group work learning are enclosed.展开更多
The research examines a new accreditation test system of English Test for International Communication(ETIC)launched in 2016 and developed by China Language Assessment(a professional testing service established by Beij...The research examines a new accreditation test system of English Test for International Communication(ETIC)launched in 2016 and developed by China Language Assessment(a professional testing service established by Beijing Foreign Studies Uni⁃versity).The analysis and discussion is conducted through an example procedure of such assessment performance on ETIC.The rel⁃evant review aims to sort out the theoretical framework and main characteristic of the system,address the consequence and decision elicited from the assessment,and conclude the contribution of ETIC as a task-ability assessment to the use of language.It shows the interpretation of ETIC is generalizable and relevant to make the decision for test users.Such test system of ETIC is accountable to the stakeholders for the intended use.The research also puts forward the direction of the language assessment in China.展开更多
Sleep clearly influences learning and memory since sleep deprivation and stress impairs both cognitive processes. Working memory is an essential cognitive process and refers to a short-term holding of incoming informa...Sleep clearly influences learning and memory since sleep deprivation and stress impairs both cognitive processes. Working memory is an essential cognitive process and refers to a short-term holding of incoming information required to update the long-term mnemonic storage and to manipulate new elements in order to solve problems and make decisions. Nevertheless, the influence of sleep deprivation on working memory has scarcely been studied. In this study we evaluated working memory using the N-back test after increasing periods of wakefulness. Healthy young males were kept awake for 36 hours and the two N-back tasks with low (1-Back) and high (3-Back) levels of complexity were applied every 6 hours. Additionally, salivary cortisol was determined along the study. Unlike the control non-deprived participants, the sleep deprived volunteers showed a significant decrease in their efficiency to solve the 1-Back task after 24 hours of sleep deprivation. However, no differences were observed after 30 and 36 hours of sleep deprivation. Concerning the 3-Back task no differences were observed after sleep deprivation. Regarding reaction time, the deprived group manifested slower responses for the 1-Back task and for the 3-Back task after 30 hours and 36 hours of sleep deprivation, respectively. Cortisol levels presented the normal daily oscillation and no differences were observed between groups. This data suggests that sleep deprivation affects basal states of attention instead of working memory while performing simple tasks. The impact of sleep deprivation on the cognitive performance depends on the moment of day when the task is applied and the complexity of the tests used to assess these mnemonic skills.展开更多
目的探讨首发男性精神分裂症患者康复期工作记忆功能的特点。方法选取2020年11月至2024年12月入住某院精神科的男性首发精神分裂症康复期患者59例(患者组)和男性健康志愿者60名(对照组),采用蒙特利尔认知评估(MoCA)量表对两组被试认知...目的探讨首发男性精神分裂症患者康复期工作记忆功能的特点。方法选取2020年11月至2024年12月入住某院精神科的男性首发精神分裂症康复期患者59例(患者组)和男性健康志愿者60名(对照组),采用蒙特利尔认知评估(MoCA)量表对两组被试认知功能进行评估,通过数字n-back任务(0-back、1-back、2-back)评估工作记忆,比较两组行为学表现。结果两组在年龄、受教育年限、MoCA评分等一般情况差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);患者组在0-back、1-back和2-back任务中的正确率(97.33%、94.00%、82.67%)均显著低于对照组(98.33%、96.16%、89.67%,P<0.05),0-back和1-back任务反应时(440.65 ms、467.00 ms)显著长于对照组(393.85 ms、440.09 ms,P<0.05),2-back反应时两组差异无统计学意义(541.75 ms VS 534.55 ms,P>0.05)。结论首发男性精神分裂症患者康复期存在工作记忆功能损伤,表现为正确率下降和反应延迟,提示其可能是该疾病的原发性认知缺陷。展开更多
基金sponsored by National Social Science Foundation of China(Grant No. 11BTQ009)
文摘Purpose: This study aims to explore the relationships between different facets of work task and selection and query-related behavior.Design/methodology/approach:An experiment was conducted to explore the issue. The researcher recruited 24 participants and assigned six simulated work task situations to each of them. Each experiment lasted around 2 hours and was recorded by the software tool Morae.Findings: Time(frequency) and time(length) are more closely related to user’s selection and query-related behavior compared to the facet ‘process’ of work task. Knowledge level of work task topic, degree of work task difficulty, and subjective work task complexity are significantly correlated with selection and query-related behavior. Work task difficulty and work task complexity are different concepts. Subjective work task complexity, work task difficulty, and knowledge of work task topic are significantly correlated with user’s selection and query-related behavior.Research limitations/implications: The limitations of this study include a small sample size,limited work task situations, and possible spurious relationships. This study has implications in informing task-based information seeking/search/retrieval research and interactive information retrieval(IIR) systems design.Originality/values: Previous studies usually did not touch upon how different facets of work tasks affected interactive activities. Some studies examining task complexity and information behavior were concerned with how work tasks affect users’ behavior at information-seeking level, rather than at information search level. This study makes contribution to interactive information retrieval,task-based information search and retrieval, and personalization of IR.
文摘Ⅰ.THE PRESENT SITUATION AND THE BASIC TASKS FOR EDUCATIONAL WORK AT THE ACADEMY While human society is welcoming the turn of the century.the world is in a historical period of great change,featured by a changeable political situation and intensified international competition. Oar country and nation is facing a pressing and severe challenge.Worldwide competition in the economy and overall national strength is essentially competition involving science and technology
文摘Development of the prefrontal cortex and its connectivity with different cortical areas has strong implications for the improvement of working memory. The aim of this research was to characterize the interhemispheric (INTER) prefrontal and hemispheric (INTRA) frontopolar-dorsolateral prefrontal and dorsolateral prefrontal-parietal correlation (r) in children, adolescents and adults during performance of a visuospatial working memory task (VSWM). INTERr and INTRAr of 36 different aged male participants (11 - 13, 18 - 20 and 26 - 30 years old) were calculated during performance of the Corsi Block-Tapping task, which assessed VSWM. On this task, children showed lower correct responses than adolescents and adults. Adults also showed lower total execution times than children and adolescents, with a more efficient performance. On the EEGs, the older groups showed both higher interfrontal correlations and left and right prefronto-parietal correlations than children. According to our results, the progressive efficiency in VSWM is related to differences in EEG patterns among children, adolescents and adults.
文摘Group work learning is one of the hot topics in English learning and teaching today. This discourse will probe the meaning and the advantages of group work learning, as well as its implementation. Also, the discourse discusses the proper time for group work learning. In addition to that, problems of group work learning are enclosed.
文摘The research examines a new accreditation test system of English Test for International Communication(ETIC)launched in 2016 and developed by China Language Assessment(a professional testing service established by Beijing Foreign Studies Uni⁃versity).The analysis and discussion is conducted through an example procedure of such assessment performance on ETIC.The rel⁃evant review aims to sort out the theoretical framework and main characteristic of the system,address the consequence and decision elicited from the assessment,and conclude the contribution of ETIC as a task-ability assessment to the use of language.It shows the interpretation of ETIC is generalizable and relevant to make the decision for test users.Such test system of ETIC is accountable to the stakeholders for the intended use.The research also puts forward the direction of the language assessment in China.
文摘Sleep clearly influences learning and memory since sleep deprivation and stress impairs both cognitive processes. Working memory is an essential cognitive process and refers to a short-term holding of incoming information required to update the long-term mnemonic storage and to manipulate new elements in order to solve problems and make decisions. Nevertheless, the influence of sleep deprivation on working memory has scarcely been studied. In this study we evaluated working memory using the N-back test after increasing periods of wakefulness. Healthy young males were kept awake for 36 hours and the two N-back tasks with low (1-Back) and high (3-Back) levels of complexity were applied every 6 hours. Additionally, salivary cortisol was determined along the study. Unlike the control non-deprived participants, the sleep deprived volunteers showed a significant decrease in their efficiency to solve the 1-Back task after 24 hours of sleep deprivation. However, no differences were observed after 30 and 36 hours of sleep deprivation. Concerning the 3-Back task no differences were observed after sleep deprivation. Regarding reaction time, the deprived group manifested slower responses for the 1-Back task and for the 3-Back task after 30 hours and 36 hours of sleep deprivation, respectively. Cortisol levels presented the normal daily oscillation and no differences were observed between groups. This data suggests that sleep deprivation affects basal states of attention instead of working memory while performing simple tasks. The impact of sleep deprivation on the cognitive performance depends on the moment of day when the task is applied and the complexity of the tests used to assess these mnemonic skills.
文摘目的探讨首发男性精神分裂症患者康复期工作记忆功能的特点。方法选取2020年11月至2024年12月入住某院精神科的男性首发精神分裂症康复期患者59例(患者组)和男性健康志愿者60名(对照组),采用蒙特利尔认知评估(MoCA)量表对两组被试认知功能进行评估,通过数字n-back任务(0-back、1-back、2-back)评估工作记忆,比较两组行为学表现。结果两组在年龄、受教育年限、MoCA评分等一般情况差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);患者组在0-back、1-back和2-back任务中的正确率(97.33%、94.00%、82.67%)均显著低于对照组(98.33%、96.16%、89.67%,P<0.05),0-back和1-back任务反应时(440.65 ms、467.00 ms)显著长于对照组(393.85 ms、440.09 ms,P<0.05),2-back反应时两组差异无统计学意义(541.75 ms VS 534.55 ms,P>0.05)。结论首发男性精神分裂症患者康复期存在工作记忆功能损伤,表现为正确率下降和反应延迟,提示其可能是该疾病的原发性认知缺陷。
