In this article,we conduct a study on mixed quasi-martingale Hardy spaces that are defined by means of the mixed L_(p)-norm.By utilizing Doob’s inequalities,we explore the atomic decomposition and quasi-martingale in...In this article,we conduct a study on mixed quasi-martingale Hardy spaces that are defined by means of the mixed L_(p)-norm.By utilizing Doob’s inequalities,we explore the atomic decomposition and quasi-martingale inequalities of mixed quasi-martingale Hardy spaces.Moreover,we furnish sufficient conditions for the boundedness ofσ-sublinear operators in these spaces.These findings extend the existing conclusions regarding mixed quasi-martingale Hardy spaces defined with the help of the mixed L_(p)-norm.展开更多
This paper investigates the following mixed local and nonlocal elliptic problem fea-turing concave-convex nonlinearities and a discontinuous right-hand side:{L(u)=H(u−μ)|u|^(p−2)u+λ|u|^(q−2)u,x∈Ω,u≥0,x∈Ω,u=0,x...This paper investigates the following mixed local and nonlocal elliptic problem fea-turing concave-convex nonlinearities and a discontinuous right-hand side:{L(u)=H(u−μ)|u|^(p−2)u+λ|u|^(q−2)u,x∈Ω,u≥0,x∈Ω,u=0,x∈R^(N)\Ω,where Ω R^(N)(N>2)is a bounded domain,μ≥0 and λ>0 are real parameters,H denotes the Heaviside function(H(t)=0 for t<0,H(t)=1 for t>0),and the mixed local and nolocal operator is defined as L(u)=−Δu+(−Δ)^(s)u with(−Δ)^(s) being the restricted fractional Laplace(0<s<1).The exponents satisfy 1<q<2<p.By employing a novel non-smooth variational principle,we establish the existence of an M-solution for this problem and identify a range for the exponent p.展开更多
Brazil’s deforestation monitoring integrates accuracy and current monitoring for land use and land cover applications.Regular monitoring of deforestation and non-deforestation requires Sentinel-2 multispectral satell...Brazil’s deforestation monitoring integrates accuracy and current monitoring for land use and land cover applications.Regular monitoring of deforestation and non-deforestation requires Sentinel-2 multispectral satellite images of several bands at various frequencies,the mix of high-and low-resolution images that make object classification difficult because of the mixed pixel problem.Accuracy is impacted by the mixed pixel problem,which occurs when pixels belong to different classes and makes detection challenging.To identify mixed pixels,Band Math is used to merge numerous bands to generate a new band NDVI.Thresholding is used to analyze the edges of deforested and non-deforested areas.Segmentation is then used to analyze the pixels which helps to identify the number of mixed pixels to compute the deforested and non-deforested areas.Segmented image pixels are used to categorize the deforestation of the Brazilian Amazon Forest between 2019 and 2023.Verify how many pixels are mixed to improve accuracy and identify mixed pixel issues;compare the mixed and pure pixels of fuzzy clustering with the subtracted morphological image pixels.With the help of segmentation and clustering researchers effectively validate mixed pixels in a specific area.The proposed methodology is easy to analyze and helpful for an appropriate calculation of deforested and non-deforested areas.展开更多
BACKGROUND A total of 100 patients diagnosed with mixed hemorrhoids from October 2022 to September 2023 in our hospital were randomly divided into groups by dice rolling and compared with the efficacy of different tre...BACKGROUND A total of 100 patients diagnosed with mixed hemorrhoids from October 2022 to September 2023 in our hospital were randomly divided into groups by dice rolling and compared with the efficacy of different treatment options.AIM To analyze the clinical effect and prognosis of mixed hemorrhoids treated with polidocanol injection combined with automatic elastic thread ligation operation(RPH).METHODS A total of 100 patients with mixed hemorrhoids who visited our hospital from October 2022 to September 2023 were selected and randomly divided into the control group(n=50)and the treatment group(n=50)by rolling the dice.The procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids(PPH)was adopted in the control group,while polidocanol foam injection+RPH was adopted in the treatment group.The therapeutic effects,operation time,wound healing time,hospital stay,pain situation(24 hours post-operative pain score,first defecation pain score),quality of life(QOL),incidence of complications(post-operative hemorrhage,edema,infection),incidence of anal stenosis 3 months post-operatively and recurrence rate 1 year post-operatively of the two groups were compared.RESULTS Compared with the control group,the total effective rate of treatment group was higher,and the difference was significant(P<0.05).The operation time/wound healing time/hospital stay in the treatment group were shorter than those in the control group(P<0.05).The pain scores at 24 hours after operation/first defecation pain score of the treatment group was significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).After surgery,the QOL scores of the two groups decreased,with the treatment group having higher scores than that of the control group(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the incidence of postoperative complications in the treatment group was lower,and the difference was significant(P<0.05);However,there was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative bleeding between the two groups(P>0.05);There was no significant difference in the incidence of anal stenosis 3 months after operation and the recurrence rate 1 year after operation between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION For patients with mixed hemorrhoids,the therapeutic effect achieved by using polidocanol injection combined with RPH was better.The wounds of the patients healed faster,the postoperative pain was milder,QOL improved,and the incidence of complications was lower,and the short-term and long-term prognosis was good.展开更多
An aluminoborate,Na_(2.5)Rb[Al{B_(5)O_(10)}{B_(3)O_(5)}]·0.5NO_(3)·H_(2)O(1),was synthesized under hydrothermal condition,which was built by mixed oxoboron clusters and AlO_(4)tetrahedra.In the structure,the...An aluminoborate,Na_(2.5)Rb[Al{B_(5)O_(10)}{B_(3)O_(5)}]·0.5NO_(3)·H_(2)O(1),was synthesized under hydrothermal condition,which was built by mixed oxoboron clusters and AlO_(4)tetrahedra.In the structure,the[B_(5)O_(10)]^(5-)and[B_(3)O_(7)]^(5-)clusters are alternately connected to form 1D[B_(8)O_(15)]_(n)^(6n-)chains,which are further linked by AlO_(4)units to form a 2D monolayer with 7‑membered ring and 10‑membered ring windows.Two adjacent monolayers with opposite orientations further form a porous‑layered structure with six channels through B—O—Al bonds.Compound 1 was characterized by single crystal X‑ray diffraction,powder X‑ray diffraction(PXRD),IR spectroscopy,UV‑Vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy,and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),respectively.UV‑Vis diffuse reflectance analysis indicates that compound 1 shows a wide transparency range with a short cutoff edge of 201 nm,suggesting it may have potential application in UV regions.CCDC:2383923.展开更多
Mixed matrix membranes(MMMs)have demonstrated significant promise in energy-intensive gas separations by amalgamating the unique properties of fillers with the facile processability of polymers.However,achieving a sim...Mixed matrix membranes(MMMs)have demonstrated significant promise in energy-intensive gas separations by amalgamating the unique properties of fillers with the facile processability of polymers.However,achieving a simultaneous enhancement of permeability and selectivity remains a formidable challenge,due to the difficulty of achieving an optimal match between polymers and fillers.In this study,we incorporate a porous carbon-based zinc oxide composite(C@ZnO)into high-permeability polymers of intrinsic microporosity(PIMs)to fabricate MMMs.The dipole–dipole interaction between C@ZnO and PIMs ensures their exceptional compatibility,mitigating the formation of non-selective voids in the resulting MMMs.Concurrently,C@ZnO with abundant interconnected pores can provide additional low-resistance pathways for gas transport in MMMs.As a result,the CO_(2) permeability of the optimized C@ZnO/PIM-1 MMMs is elevated to 13,215 barrer,while the CO_(2)/N_(2) and CO_(2)/CH_(4) selectivity reached 21.5 and 14.4,respectively,substantially surpassing the 2008 Robeson upper bound.Additionally,molecular simulation results further corroborate that the augmented membrane gas selectivity is attributed to the superior CO_(2) affinity of C@ZnO.In summary,we believe that this work not only expands the application of MMMs for gas separation but also heralds a paradigm shift in the application of porous carbon materials.展开更多
Tin-lead(Sn-Pb)mixed perovskites are extensively investigated in near-infrared(NIR)photodetectors(PDs)owing to their excellent photoelectric performance.However,achieving high-performance Sn-Pb mixed PDs remains chall...Tin-lead(Sn-Pb)mixed perovskites are extensively investigated in near-infrared(NIR)photodetectors(PDs)owing to their excellent photoelectric performance.However,achieving high-performance Sn-Pb mixed PDs remains challenging,primarily because of the rapid crystallization and the susceptibility of Sn^(2+) to oxidation.To ad⁃dress these issues,this study introduces the multifunctional molecules 2,3-difluorobenzenamine(DBM)to modulate the crystallization of Sn-Pb mixed perovskites and retard the oxidation of Sn^(2+),thereby significantly enhancing film quality.Compared with the pristine film,Sn-Pb mixed perovskite films modulated by DBM molecules exhibit a high⁃ly homogeneous morphology,reduced roughness and defect density.The self-powered NIR PDs fabricated with the improved films have a spectral response range from 300 nm to 1100 nm,a peak responsivity of 0.51 A·W^(-1),a spe⁃cific detectivity as high as 2.46×10^(11)Jones within the NIR region(780 nm to 1100 nm),a linear dynamic range ex⁃ceeding 152 dB,and ultrafast rise/fall time of 123/464 ns.Thanks to the outstanding performance of PDs,the fabri⁃cated 5×5 PDs array demonstrates superior imaging ability in the NIR region up to 980 nm.This work advances the development of Sn-Pb mixed perovskites for NIR detection and paves the way for their commercialization.展开更多
Sodium cocoyl glycinate(SCG),an environmentally friendly anionic amino acid surfactant,is widely used in daily chemical products as an upgraded alternative to traditional surfactants.In this study,crude Camellia oleif...Sodium cocoyl glycinate(SCG),an environmentally friendly anionic amino acid surfactant,is widely used in daily chemical products as an upgraded alternative to traditional surfactants.In this study,crude Camellia oleifera saponin(COS)was purified using AB-8 macroporous adsorption resin,and its composition and structure were analyzed.The effects of different mole fractions of COS(αCOS)on surface tension(γ),oil-water interfacial tension(IFT),emulsification,and foam properties of COS-SCG binary mixed systems were investigated in mixtures of SCG with purified COS.The stability ofγand foamability under diverse environmental conditions were also discussed.The results indicated that the COS-SCG system exhibited remarkable surface-active synergism.The minimum critical micelle concentration(cmc)of the mixed system was lower than that of SCG,and adding a small mole fraction of COS(1%-2%)induced a synergistic reduction ofγ.Specifically,the cmc andγwere 2.50×10-4 mol/L and 23.1 mN/m forαCOS=1%,respectively.The system exhibited exceptional IFT reduction capacity,achieving a minimum value of 1.42 mN/m atαCOS=10%.The mixed system reached a foaming volume(atαCOS=50%)and foam stability(atαCOS=75%)were 51.0 mL and 97.37%,respectively.Microscopic analysis further confirmed these outstanding foam properties.Moreover,the COS-SCG system displayed reducedγwith enhanced foaming volume under elevated temperatures(35-75℃)and salinity(0-20 g/L).However,acidic conditions and hard water compromised bothγstability and foamability.展开更多
DNA microarray technology is an extremely effective technique for studying gene expression patterns in cells, and the main challenge currently faced by this technology is how to analyze the large amount of gene expres...DNA microarray technology is an extremely effective technique for studying gene expression patterns in cells, and the main challenge currently faced by this technology is how to analyze the large amount of gene expression data generated. To address this, this paper employs a mixed-effects model to analyze gene expression data. In terms of data selection, 1176 genes from the white mouse gene expression dataset under two experimental conditions were chosen, setting up two conditions: pneumococcal infection and no infection, and constructing a mixed-effects model. After preprocessing the gene chip information, the data were imported into the model, preliminary results were calculated, and permutation tests were performed to biologically validate the preliminary results using GSEA. The final dataset consists of 20 groups of gene expression data from pneumococcal infection, which categorizes functionally related genes based on the similarity of their expression profiles, facilitating the study of genes with unknown functions.展开更多
BACKGROUND Mixed connective tissue disease(MCTD)is a rare autoimmune disorder charac-terized by overlapping features of systemic lupus erythematosus,systemic sc-lerosis,and polymyositis,and presence of anti-U1 ribonuc...BACKGROUND Mixed connective tissue disease(MCTD)is a rare autoimmune disorder charac-terized by overlapping features of systemic lupus erythematosus,systemic sc-lerosis,and polymyositis,and presence of anti-U1 ribonucleoprotein antibodies.Coexistence with tuberculosis(TB),a common infectious disease in endemic areas,poses a significant diagnostic challenge due to overlapping clinical and radio-logical features.CASE SUMMARY We report a 35-year-old Pakistani female presenting with oral ulcers,body rash,worsening dyspnea,and a history of joint pains initially treated as rheumatoid arthritis.She was on antituberculous therapy(ATT)for presumed pulmonary TB.Laboratory findings revealed anemia,leukopenia,raised erythrocyte sedimen-tation rate,positive anti-Sm/RNP,anti-dsDNA,and anti-SSA/Ro antibodies,confirming MCTD with clinical features of systemic lupus erythematosus,Sjogren syndrome,and systemic sclerosis.The patient was also positive for hepatitis C and active TB.Treatment involved corticosteroids alongside continuation of ATT,resulting in significant clinical improvement over 12 days,with resolution of symptoms and improved laboratory parameters.The patient remained stable on follow-up with hydroxychloroquine and prednisolone.CONCLUSION This case highlights the diagnostic complexity when autoimmune diseases coexist with TB,particularly in TB-endemic regions.Early recognition and integrated management of both conditions are crucial to improving outcomes.Clinicians should maintain a broad differential diagnosis and perform compre-hensive immunological workup in patients with overlapping symptoms.展开更多
In this study,Pebax■2533 polymer was used as the continuous phase and UiO-67 was employed as the filler to prepare mixed matrix membranes.UiO-67 is usually synthesized using two ligands:biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylat...In this study,Pebax■2533 polymer was used as the continuous phase and UiO-67 was employed as the filler to prepare mixed matrix membranes.UiO-67 is usually synthesized using two ligands:biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylate(bpdc)and 2,2'-bipyridine-5,5'-dicarboxylic acid(bpy).In this research,UiO-67 was synthesized not only with these two ligands but also using a mixed ligand approach(50% bpdc and 50% bpy).The synthesized UiOs were incorporated into the polymer matrix at mass percentages ranging from 0% to 2% to form the mixed matrix membranes(MMMs).Membranes containing UiO-67 with mixed ligands exhibited a greater affinity for CO_(2) compared to other membranes.Various analytical techniques,including X-ray diffraction,thermogravimetric analyzer,Fourier transform infrared spectroscope(FTIR),field emission scanning electron micro scope(FESEM),and differential scanning calorimetry,were used to analyze the properties of the prepared membranes.The FTIR spectrum confirmed all desired bands of Pebax?2533 and UiO-67 in the MMMs.The FESEM images showed that the pure Pebax membrane has a uniform structure,and the developed membranes are uniformly incorporated with the synthesized UiO-67 nanoparticles.Gas permeation measurements indicated that CO_(2) permeability and CO_(2)/CH_4 selectivity increased from 402.7 Barrer(1 Barrer=1.33×10^(-14)m^(3)(STP)·m·m^(-2)·s^(-1)·kPa^(-1))and 9.32 for the pure Pebax membrane at 1.0 MPa to 770.1 Barrer and 16.96 in the modified membrane.Additionally,the gas permeation test results demonstrated that adding functionalized porous nanofillers increases the CO_(2)separation performance.Permeability tests at different temperatures revealed that as temperature was raised,at constant pressure,CO_(2) permeability for the membrane containing the mixed ligand increased from 682.2 Barrer to 733.5 Barrer,While CO_(2)/CH_(4) selectivity decreased from 15.46 to 13.43.展开更多
Despite public and private investments in the senior housing sector,an alternative to retirement homes is not yet truly present in Italy,except for a few rare cases.The spots in residential facilities for the elderly ...Despite public and private investments in the senior housing sector,an alternative to retirement homes is not yet truly present in Italy,except for a few rare cases.The spots in residential facilities for the elderly are limited and not enough to fill a demand for spaces that is continuously increasing.Another underlying problem is that the type of user that senior housing is aimed at is not currently considered by the Italian market;the impact of factors that can decrease the quality of life in elderly people,such as loneliness,lack of physical activity or loss of routine is underestimated.This set of negative factors promotes the opposite of what is considered active aging.In recent years senior houses,intended as a residential typology for self-sufficient elderly people,have undergone a significant evolution,reflecting social,demographic and technological changes;this reflects a paradigm shift in the way society approaches care to the elderly,focusing increasingly on autonomy,personalization and well-being.From 2010 to 2024,there has been greater attention towards customization of programs and spaces dedicated to the elderly,with the aim of offering services that meet everyone’s specific needs.Senior houses are becoming more oriented towards a wellbeing-based approach and are starting to focus on social inclusion as well,promoting recreational and cultural activities to improve the quality of life of elderly vips.A strategy used for social inclusion is to dedicate part of the project to functions open to the public(kindergartens,community centers,spaces for associations,etc.)so that the project fits into the urban level of the city by interacting with it.The proposal is to integrate cultural spaces with senior housing in a way that the elderly residents can become the keepers and narrators of local heritage,creating intergenerational communities.展开更多
Images obtained from hyperspectral sensors provide information about the target area that extends beyond the visible portions of the electromagnetic spectrum.However,due to sensor limitations and imperfections during ...Images obtained from hyperspectral sensors provide information about the target area that extends beyond the visible portions of the electromagnetic spectrum.However,due to sensor limitations and imperfections during the image acquisition and transmission phases,noise is introduced into the acquired image,which can have a negative impact on downstream analyses such as classification,target tracking,and spectral unmixing.Noise in hyperspectral images(HSI)is modelled as a combination from several sources,including Gaussian/impulse noise,stripes,and deadlines.An HSI restoration method for such a mixed noise model is proposed.First,a joint optimisation framework is proposed for recovering hyperspectral data corrupted by mixed Gaussian-impulse noise by estimating both the clean data as well as the sparse/impulse noise levels.Second,a hyper-Laplacian prior is used along both the spatial and spectral dimensions to express sparsity in clean image gradients.Third,to model the sparse nature of impulse noise,anℓ_(1)−norm over the impulse noise gradient is used.Because the proposed methodology employs two distinct priors,the authors refer to it as the hyperspectral dual prior(HySpDualP)denoiser.To the best of authors'knowledge,this joint optimisation framework is the first attempt in this direction.To handle the non-smooth and nonconvex nature of the generalℓ_(p)−norm-based regularisation term,a generalised shrinkage/thresholding(GST)solver is employed.Finally,an efficient split-Bregman approach is used to solve the resulting optimisation problem.Experimental results on synthetic data and real HSI datacube obtained from hyperspectral sensors demonstrate that the authors’proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art methods,both visually and in terms of various image quality assessment metrics.展开更多
Objective To develop a multimodal imaging atlas of a rat brain-computer interface(BCI)that incorporates brain,arterial,bone tissue and a BCI device using mixed reality(MR)for three-dimensional(3D)visualization.Methods...Objective To develop a multimodal imaging atlas of a rat brain-computer interface(BCI)that incorporates brain,arterial,bone tissue and a BCI device using mixed reality(MR)for three-dimensional(3D)visualization.Methods An invasive BCI was implanted in the left visual cortex of 4-week-old Sprague–Dawley rats.Multimodal imaging techniques,including micro-CT and 9.0 T MRI,were used to acquire images of the rat cranial bone structure,vascular distribution,brain tissue functional zones,and BCI device before and after implantation.Using 3D-slicer software,the images were fused through spatial transformations,followed by image segmentation and 3D model reconstruction.The HoloLens platform was employed for MR visualization.Results This study constructed a multimodal imaging atlas for rats that included the skull,brain tissue,arterial tissue,and BCI device coupled with MR technology to create an interactive 3D anatomical model.Conclusions This multimodal 3D atlas provides an objective and stable reference for exploring complex relationships between brain tissue structure and function,enhancing the understanding of the operational principles of BCIs.This is the first multimodal 3D imaging atlas related to a BCI created using Sprague–Dawley rats.展开更多
This paper proposes a mixed game with finitely many leaders and follower populations.In such a game,two types of equilibria are defined.First,a Nash equilibrium is introduced for the scenario in which leaders and foll...This paper proposes a mixed game with finitely many leaders and follower populations.In such a game,two types of equilibria are defined.First,a Nash equilibrium is introduced for the scenario in which leaders and follower populations are in perfect competition,each maximizing its own payoff.Second,a cooperative equilibrium is proposed for the case where leaders and follower populations,respectively,form coalitions and cooperate.Moreover,the existence of both Nash and cooperative equilibria is proved under the condition that the payoff functions are continuous and quasi-concave.Finally,we demonstrate the generic stability of cooperative equilibria in mixed games.More concretely,in the sense of Baire category,the cooperative equilibria in most mixed games are stable under perturbations of the payoff functions.In short,this paper presents two main contributions.On the one hand,we provide a novel mixed-game framework,which differs from both classical leader-follower games and leader-follower population games.On the other hand,the Nash and cooperative equilibria in our mixed games are distinct from those in existing leader-follower population games.The results are further illustrated with examples.展开更多
This study investigates pedestrian safety perception in Ho Chi Minh City under mixed traffic conditions by evaluating comfort,crash risk,and injury risk perceptions in two scenarios:walking along and crossing multilan...This study investigates pedestrian safety perception in Ho Chi Minh City under mixed traffic conditions by evaluating comfort,crash risk,and injury risk perceptions in two scenarios:walking along and crossing multilane roads.Using visual experiments with 510 participants,the study identifies how sidewalk quality,obstructions,crossing infrastructure,and traffic conditions shape pedestrian experiences.Statistical modeling reveals that protected sidewalks and comprehensive crossing features significantly enhance perceived safety and comfort.Findings emphasize the need for improved pedestrian infrastructure and traffic calming in dense urban settings to support safer,more inclusive mobility under mixed traffic conditions like Vietnam.展开更多
Deep learning algorithm is an effective data mining method and has been used in many fields to solve practical problems.However,the deep learning algorithms often contain some hyper-parameters which may be continuous,...Deep learning algorithm is an effective data mining method and has been used in many fields to solve practical problems.However,the deep learning algorithms often contain some hyper-parameters which may be continuous,integer,or mixed,and are often given based on experience but largely affect the effectiveness of activity recognition.In order to adapt to different hyper-parameter optimization problems,our improved Cuckoo Search(CS)algorithm is proposed to optimize the mixed hyper-parameters in deep learning algorithm.The algorithm optimizes the hyper-parameters in the deep learning model robustly,and intelligently selects the combination of integer type and continuous hyper-parameters that make the model optimal.Then,the mixed hyper-parameter in Convolutional Neural Network(CNN),Long-Short-Term Memory(LSTM)and CNN-LSTM are optimized based on the methodology on the smart home activity recognition datasets.Results show that the methodology can improve the performance of the deep learning model and whether we are experienced or not,we can get a better deep learning model using our method.展开更多
The Andean montane forests provide a wide range of ecosystem services like water supply, carbon sequestration, and biodiversity preservation. Restoration of these forests is critical due to their degraded state and th...The Andean montane forests provide a wide range of ecosystem services like water supply, carbon sequestration, and biodiversity preservation. Restoration of these forests is critical due to their degraded state and the need to recover, maintain and enhance the ecosystem services they provide. However, we lack understanding of aboveground biomass (AGB) accumulation in restored Andean montane forests. AGB is a key indicator of ecosystem productivity and provides essential data on vegetation carbon stocks, permitting the assess successfulness of restoration efforts. In 2010 the initiative Más Bosques para Medellín was formulated in Medellín City, tropical Andes, Colombia, aiming to restore the forests located in the surrounding rural areas of the city, with interest in preserving the ecosystems services like water supply. The project established 548 ha of mixed plantations with native species. After 13 years, our study aims to developed in situ allometric equations and to evaluate AGB accumulation to assess restoration performance. We measured, harvested, and weighted 144 individuals from these arrangements to fit a general equation for the project and six specific equations for each one of the six most frequent species. The AGB had a positive correlation with diameter at breast height (D), total height (H) and specific wood density (WD). The best general equation uses D and WD as predictors (R^(2) = 0.928). The specific species equations certainly responded to the functional traits of each species. Using the latest inventory of permanent plots of the project we estimated a mean AGB accumulation of 41.91 ± 30.34 Mg ha^(–1) and a total accumulation of 22,996.05 Mg of AGB for the 548 ha. We compared these results with studies developed for natural forest in the region and other land covers. We found contrast behaviors in the AGB accumulation across our study zones. The developed equations have broad applicability across the Andes region, offering valuable insights for similar restoration initiatives. Furthermore, will facilitate the assessment of current restoration efforts and inform scientifically based decisions for future mixed plantation practices.展开更多
Topological band theory has been studied for free fermions for decades,and one of the most profound physical results is the bulk-boundary correspondence.Recently a focus in topological physics is extending topological...Topological band theory has been studied for free fermions for decades,and one of the most profound physical results is the bulk-boundary correspondence.Recently a focus in topological physics is extending topological classification to mixed states.Here,we focus on Gaussian mixed states for which the modular Hamiltonians of the density matrix are quadratic free fermion models with U(1)symmetry and can be classified by topological invariants.The bulk-boundary correspondence is then manifested as stable gapless modes of the modular Hamiltonian and degenerate spectrum of the density matrix.In this article,we show that these gapless modes can be detected by the full counting statistics,mathematically described by a function introduced as F(θ).A divergent derivative atθ=πcan be used to probe the gapless modes in the modular Hamiltonian.Based on this,a topological indicator,whose quantization to unity senses topologically nontrivial mixed states,is introduced.We present the physical intuition of these results and also demonstrate these results with concrete models in both one-and two-dimensions.Our results pave the way for revealing the physical significance of topology in mixed states.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11871195)。
文摘In this article,we conduct a study on mixed quasi-martingale Hardy spaces that are defined by means of the mixed L_(p)-norm.By utilizing Doob’s inequalities,we explore the atomic decomposition and quasi-martingale inequalities of mixed quasi-martingale Hardy spaces.Moreover,we furnish sufficient conditions for the boundedness ofσ-sublinear operators in these spaces.These findings extend the existing conclusions regarding mixed quasi-martingale Hardy spaces defined with the help of the mixed L_(p)-norm.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12361026)the Discipline Con-struction Fund Project of Northwest Minzu University.
文摘This paper investigates the following mixed local and nonlocal elliptic problem fea-turing concave-convex nonlinearities and a discontinuous right-hand side:{L(u)=H(u−μ)|u|^(p−2)u+λ|u|^(q−2)u,x∈Ω,u≥0,x∈Ω,u=0,x∈R^(N)\Ω,where Ω R^(N)(N>2)is a bounded domain,μ≥0 and λ>0 are real parameters,H denotes the Heaviside function(H(t)=0 for t<0,H(t)=1 for t>0),and the mixed local and nolocal operator is defined as L(u)=−Δu+(−Δ)^(s)u with(−Δ)^(s) being the restricted fractional Laplace(0<s<1).The exponents satisfy 1<q<2<p.By employing a novel non-smooth variational principle,we establish the existence of an M-solution for this problem and identify a range for the exponent p.
文摘Brazil’s deforestation monitoring integrates accuracy and current monitoring for land use and land cover applications.Regular monitoring of deforestation and non-deforestation requires Sentinel-2 multispectral satellite images of several bands at various frequencies,the mix of high-and low-resolution images that make object classification difficult because of the mixed pixel problem.Accuracy is impacted by the mixed pixel problem,which occurs when pixels belong to different classes and makes detection challenging.To identify mixed pixels,Band Math is used to merge numerous bands to generate a new band NDVI.Thresholding is used to analyze the edges of deforested and non-deforested areas.Segmentation is then used to analyze the pixels which helps to identify the number of mixed pixels to compute the deforested and non-deforested areas.Segmented image pixels are used to categorize the deforestation of the Brazilian Amazon Forest between 2019 and 2023.Verify how many pixels are mixed to improve accuracy and identify mixed pixel issues;compare the mixed and pure pixels of fuzzy clustering with the subtracted morphological image pixels.With the help of segmentation and clustering researchers effectively validate mixed pixels in a specific area.The proposed methodology is easy to analyze and helpful for an appropriate calculation of deforested and non-deforested areas.
文摘BACKGROUND A total of 100 patients diagnosed with mixed hemorrhoids from October 2022 to September 2023 in our hospital were randomly divided into groups by dice rolling and compared with the efficacy of different treatment options.AIM To analyze the clinical effect and prognosis of mixed hemorrhoids treated with polidocanol injection combined with automatic elastic thread ligation operation(RPH).METHODS A total of 100 patients with mixed hemorrhoids who visited our hospital from October 2022 to September 2023 were selected and randomly divided into the control group(n=50)and the treatment group(n=50)by rolling the dice.The procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids(PPH)was adopted in the control group,while polidocanol foam injection+RPH was adopted in the treatment group.The therapeutic effects,operation time,wound healing time,hospital stay,pain situation(24 hours post-operative pain score,first defecation pain score),quality of life(QOL),incidence of complications(post-operative hemorrhage,edema,infection),incidence of anal stenosis 3 months post-operatively and recurrence rate 1 year post-operatively of the two groups were compared.RESULTS Compared with the control group,the total effective rate of treatment group was higher,and the difference was significant(P<0.05).The operation time/wound healing time/hospital stay in the treatment group were shorter than those in the control group(P<0.05).The pain scores at 24 hours after operation/first defecation pain score of the treatment group was significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).After surgery,the QOL scores of the two groups decreased,with the treatment group having higher scores than that of the control group(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the incidence of postoperative complications in the treatment group was lower,and the difference was significant(P<0.05);However,there was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative bleeding between the two groups(P>0.05);There was no significant difference in the incidence of anal stenosis 3 months after operation and the recurrence rate 1 year after operation between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION For patients with mixed hemorrhoids,the therapeutic effect achieved by using polidocanol injection combined with RPH was better.The wounds of the patients healed faster,the postoperative pain was milder,QOL improved,and the incidence of complications was lower,and the short-term and long-term prognosis was good.
文摘An aluminoborate,Na_(2.5)Rb[Al{B_(5)O_(10)}{B_(3)O_(5)}]·0.5NO_(3)·H_(2)O(1),was synthesized under hydrothermal condition,which was built by mixed oxoboron clusters and AlO_(4)tetrahedra.In the structure,the[B_(5)O_(10)]^(5-)and[B_(3)O_(7)]^(5-)clusters are alternately connected to form 1D[B_(8)O_(15)]_(n)^(6n-)chains,which are further linked by AlO_(4)units to form a 2D monolayer with 7‑membered ring and 10‑membered ring windows.Two adjacent monolayers with opposite orientations further form a porous‑layered structure with six channels through B—O—Al bonds.Compound 1 was characterized by single crystal X‑ray diffraction,powder X‑ray diffraction(PXRD),IR spectroscopy,UV‑Vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy,and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),respectively.UV‑Vis diffuse reflectance analysis indicates that compound 1 shows a wide transparency range with a short cutoff edge of 201 nm,suggesting it may have potential application in UV regions.CCDC:2383923.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22108258 and 52003251)Program for Science&Technology Innovation Talents in Universities of Henan Province(24HASTIT004)+1 种基金Outstanding Youth Fund of Henan Scientific Committee(222300420085)Science and Technology Joint Project of Henan Province(222301420041)。
文摘Mixed matrix membranes(MMMs)have demonstrated significant promise in energy-intensive gas separations by amalgamating the unique properties of fillers with the facile processability of polymers.However,achieving a simultaneous enhancement of permeability and selectivity remains a formidable challenge,due to the difficulty of achieving an optimal match between polymers and fillers.In this study,we incorporate a porous carbon-based zinc oxide composite(C@ZnO)into high-permeability polymers of intrinsic microporosity(PIMs)to fabricate MMMs.The dipole–dipole interaction between C@ZnO and PIMs ensures their exceptional compatibility,mitigating the formation of non-selective voids in the resulting MMMs.Concurrently,C@ZnO with abundant interconnected pores can provide additional low-resistance pathways for gas transport in MMMs.As a result,the CO_(2) permeability of the optimized C@ZnO/PIM-1 MMMs is elevated to 13,215 barrer,while the CO_(2)/N_(2) and CO_(2)/CH_(4) selectivity reached 21.5 and 14.4,respectively,substantially surpassing the 2008 Robeson upper bound.Additionally,molecular simulation results further corroborate that the augmented membrane gas selectivity is attributed to the superior CO_(2) affinity of C@ZnO.In summary,we believe that this work not only expands the application of MMMs for gas separation but also heralds a paradigm shift in the application of porous carbon materials.
基金Supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFA1404201)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62205187,U23A20380,U22A2091,62222509,62127817,62075120)+3 种基金Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University of Ministry of Education of China(IRT_17R70)Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(202103021223032,202303021222031)Project Funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M722006)Fund for Shanxi“1331 Project”Key Subjects Construction。
文摘Tin-lead(Sn-Pb)mixed perovskites are extensively investigated in near-infrared(NIR)photodetectors(PDs)owing to their excellent photoelectric performance.However,achieving high-performance Sn-Pb mixed PDs remains challenging,primarily because of the rapid crystallization and the susceptibility of Sn^(2+) to oxidation.To ad⁃dress these issues,this study introduces the multifunctional molecules 2,3-difluorobenzenamine(DBM)to modulate the crystallization of Sn-Pb mixed perovskites and retard the oxidation of Sn^(2+),thereby significantly enhancing film quality.Compared with the pristine film,Sn-Pb mixed perovskite films modulated by DBM molecules exhibit a high⁃ly homogeneous morphology,reduced roughness and defect density.The self-powered NIR PDs fabricated with the improved films have a spectral response range from 300 nm to 1100 nm,a peak responsivity of 0.51 A·W^(-1),a spe⁃cific detectivity as high as 2.46×10^(11)Jones within the NIR region(780 nm to 1100 nm),a linear dynamic range ex⁃ceeding 152 dB,and ultrafast rise/fall time of 123/464 ns.Thanks to the outstanding performance of PDs,the fabri⁃cated 5×5 PDs array demonstrates superior imaging ability in the NIR region up to 980 nm.This work advances the development of Sn-Pb mixed perovskites for NIR detection and paves the way for their commercialization.
文摘Sodium cocoyl glycinate(SCG),an environmentally friendly anionic amino acid surfactant,is widely used in daily chemical products as an upgraded alternative to traditional surfactants.In this study,crude Camellia oleifera saponin(COS)was purified using AB-8 macroporous adsorption resin,and its composition and structure were analyzed.The effects of different mole fractions of COS(αCOS)on surface tension(γ),oil-water interfacial tension(IFT),emulsification,and foam properties of COS-SCG binary mixed systems were investigated in mixtures of SCG with purified COS.The stability ofγand foamability under diverse environmental conditions were also discussed.The results indicated that the COS-SCG system exhibited remarkable surface-active synergism.The minimum critical micelle concentration(cmc)of the mixed system was lower than that of SCG,and adding a small mole fraction of COS(1%-2%)induced a synergistic reduction ofγ.Specifically,the cmc andγwere 2.50×10-4 mol/L and 23.1 mN/m forαCOS=1%,respectively.The system exhibited exceptional IFT reduction capacity,achieving a minimum value of 1.42 mN/m atαCOS=10%.The mixed system reached a foaming volume(atαCOS=50%)and foam stability(atαCOS=75%)were 51.0 mL and 97.37%,respectively.Microscopic analysis further confirmed these outstanding foam properties.Moreover,the COS-SCG system displayed reducedγwith enhanced foaming volume under elevated temperatures(35-75℃)and salinity(0-20 g/L).However,acidic conditions and hard water compromised bothγstability and foamability.
文摘DNA microarray technology is an extremely effective technique for studying gene expression patterns in cells, and the main challenge currently faced by this technology is how to analyze the large amount of gene expression data generated. To address this, this paper employs a mixed-effects model to analyze gene expression data. In terms of data selection, 1176 genes from the white mouse gene expression dataset under two experimental conditions were chosen, setting up two conditions: pneumococcal infection and no infection, and constructing a mixed-effects model. After preprocessing the gene chip information, the data were imported into the model, preliminary results were calculated, and permutation tests were performed to biologically validate the preliminary results using GSEA. The final dataset consists of 20 groups of gene expression data from pneumococcal infection, which categorizes functionally related genes based on the similarity of their expression profiles, facilitating the study of genes with unknown functions.
文摘BACKGROUND Mixed connective tissue disease(MCTD)is a rare autoimmune disorder charac-terized by overlapping features of systemic lupus erythematosus,systemic sc-lerosis,and polymyositis,and presence of anti-U1 ribonucleoprotein antibodies.Coexistence with tuberculosis(TB),a common infectious disease in endemic areas,poses a significant diagnostic challenge due to overlapping clinical and radio-logical features.CASE SUMMARY We report a 35-year-old Pakistani female presenting with oral ulcers,body rash,worsening dyspnea,and a history of joint pains initially treated as rheumatoid arthritis.She was on antituberculous therapy(ATT)for presumed pulmonary TB.Laboratory findings revealed anemia,leukopenia,raised erythrocyte sedimen-tation rate,positive anti-Sm/RNP,anti-dsDNA,and anti-SSA/Ro antibodies,confirming MCTD with clinical features of systemic lupus erythematosus,Sjogren syndrome,and systemic sclerosis.The patient was also positive for hepatitis C and active TB.Treatment involved corticosteroids alongside continuation of ATT,resulting in significant clinical improvement over 12 days,with resolution of symptoms and improved laboratory parameters.The patient remained stable on follow-up with hydroxychloroquine and prednisolone.CONCLUSION This case highlights the diagnostic complexity when autoimmune diseases coexist with TB,particularly in TB-endemic regions.Early recognition and integrated management of both conditions are crucial to improving outcomes.Clinicians should maintain a broad differential diagnosis and perform compre-hensive immunological workup in patients with overlapping symptoms.
基金Babol Noshirvani University of Technology for financially support of this project(BNUT/393054/2023)。
文摘In this study,Pebax■2533 polymer was used as the continuous phase and UiO-67 was employed as the filler to prepare mixed matrix membranes.UiO-67 is usually synthesized using two ligands:biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylate(bpdc)and 2,2'-bipyridine-5,5'-dicarboxylic acid(bpy).In this research,UiO-67 was synthesized not only with these two ligands but also using a mixed ligand approach(50% bpdc and 50% bpy).The synthesized UiOs were incorporated into the polymer matrix at mass percentages ranging from 0% to 2% to form the mixed matrix membranes(MMMs).Membranes containing UiO-67 with mixed ligands exhibited a greater affinity for CO_(2) compared to other membranes.Various analytical techniques,including X-ray diffraction,thermogravimetric analyzer,Fourier transform infrared spectroscope(FTIR),field emission scanning electron micro scope(FESEM),and differential scanning calorimetry,were used to analyze the properties of the prepared membranes.The FTIR spectrum confirmed all desired bands of Pebax?2533 and UiO-67 in the MMMs.The FESEM images showed that the pure Pebax membrane has a uniform structure,and the developed membranes are uniformly incorporated with the synthesized UiO-67 nanoparticles.Gas permeation measurements indicated that CO_(2) permeability and CO_(2)/CH_4 selectivity increased from 402.7 Barrer(1 Barrer=1.33×10^(-14)m^(3)(STP)·m·m^(-2)·s^(-1)·kPa^(-1))and 9.32 for the pure Pebax membrane at 1.0 MPa to 770.1 Barrer and 16.96 in the modified membrane.Additionally,the gas permeation test results demonstrated that adding functionalized porous nanofillers increases the CO_(2)separation performance.Permeability tests at different temperatures revealed that as temperature was raised,at constant pressure,CO_(2) permeability for the membrane containing the mixed ligand increased from 682.2 Barrer to 733.5 Barrer,While CO_(2)/CH_(4) selectivity decreased from 15.46 to 13.43.
文摘Despite public and private investments in the senior housing sector,an alternative to retirement homes is not yet truly present in Italy,except for a few rare cases.The spots in residential facilities for the elderly are limited and not enough to fill a demand for spaces that is continuously increasing.Another underlying problem is that the type of user that senior housing is aimed at is not currently considered by the Italian market;the impact of factors that can decrease the quality of life in elderly people,such as loneliness,lack of physical activity or loss of routine is underestimated.This set of negative factors promotes the opposite of what is considered active aging.In recent years senior houses,intended as a residential typology for self-sufficient elderly people,have undergone a significant evolution,reflecting social,demographic and technological changes;this reflects a paradigm shift in the way society approaches care to the elderly,focusing increasingly on autonomy,personalization and well-being.From 2010 to 2024,there has been greater attention towards customization of programs and spaces dedicated to the elderly,with the aim of offering services that meet everyone’s specific needs.Senior houses are becoming more oriented towards a wellbeing-based approach and are starting to focus on social inclusion as well,promoting recreational and cultural activities to improve the quality of life of elderly vips.A strategy used for social inclusion is to dedicate part of the project to functions open to the public(kindergartens,community centers,spaces for associations,etc.)so that the project fits into the urban level of the city by interacting with it.The proposal is to integrate cultural spaces with senior housing in a way that the elderly residents can become the keepers and narrators of local heritage,creating intergenerational communities.
文摘Images obtained from hyperspectral sensors provide information about the target area that extends beyond the visible portions of the electromagnetic spectrum.However,due to sensor limitations and imperfections during the image acquisition and transmission phases,noise is introduced into the acquired image,which can have a negative impact on downstream analyses such as classification,target tracking,and spectral unmixing.Noise in hyperspectral images(HSI)is modelled as a combination from several sources,including Gaussian/impulse noise,stripes,and deadlines.An HSI restoration method for such a mixed noise model is proposed.First,a joint optimisation framework is proposed for recovering hyperspectral data corrupted by mixed Gaussian-impulse noise by estimating both the clean data as well as the sparse/impulse noise levels.Second,a hyper-Laplacian prior is used along both the spatial and spectral dimensions to express sparsity in clean image gradients.Third,to model the sparse nature of impulse noise,anℓ_(1)−norm over the impulse noise gradient is used.Because the proposed methodology employs two distinct priors,the authors refer to it as the hyperspectral dual prior(HySpDualP)denoiser.To the best of authors'knowledge,this joint optimisation framework is the first attempt in this direction.To handle the non-smooth and nonconvex nature of the generalℓ_(p)−norm-based regularisation term,a generalised shrinkage/thresholding(GST)solver is employed.Finally,an efficient split-Bregman approach is used to solve the resulting optimisation problem.Experimental results on synthetic data and real HSI datacube obtained from hyperspectral sensors demonstrate that the authors’proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art methods,both visually and in terms of various image quality assessment metrics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82172524 and No.81974355)National Innovation Platform Development Program(No.2020021105012440),China+3 种基金Major Program of Hubei Province(No.2021BEA161),ChinaMajor Key Project of Hubei Province(No.JD2023BAA005),ChinaWuhan Union Hospital Free Innovation Preliminary Research Fund(No.2024XHYN047),ChinaJoint Funds for the Innovation of Science and Technology(No.2024Y9062),Fujian Province,China.
文摘Objective To develop a multimodal imaging atlas of a rat brain-computer interface(BCI)that incorporates brain,arterial,bone tissue and a BCI device using mixed reality(MR)for three-dimensional(3D)visualization.Methods An invasive BCI was implanted in the left visual cortex of 4-week-old Sprague–Dawley rats.Multimodal imaging techniques,including micro-CT and 9.0 T MRI,were used to acquire images of the rat cranial bone structure,vascular distribution,brain tissue functional zones,and BCI device before and after implantation.Using 3D-slicer software,the images were fused through spatial transformations,followed by image segmentation and 3D model reconstruction.The HoloLens platform was employed for MR visualization.Results This study constructed a multimodal imaging atlas for rats that included the skull,brain tissue,arterial tissue,and BCI device coupled with MR technology to create an interactive 3D anatomical model.Conclusions This multimodal 3D atlas provides an objective and stable reference for exploring complex relationships between brain tissue structure and function,enhancing the understanding of the operational principles of BCIs.This is the first multimodal 3D imaging atlas related to a BCI created using Sprague–Dawley rats.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11271098)the Guizhou Provincial Basic Research Program(Grant No.MS[2025]676)。
文摘This paper proposes a mixed game with finitely many leaders and follower populations.In such a game,two types of equilibria are defined.First,a Nash equilibrium is introduced for the scenario in which leaders and follower populations are in perfect competition,each maximizing its own payoff.Second,a cooperative equilibrium is proposed for the case where leaders and follower populations,respectively,form coalitions and cooperate.Moreover,the existence of both Nash and cooperative equilibria is proved under the condition that the payoff functions are continuous and quasi-concave.Finally,we demonstrate the generic stability of cooperative equilibria in mixed games.More concretely,in the sense of Baire category,the cooperative equilibria in most mixed games are stable under perturbations of the payoff functions.In short,this paper presents two main contributions.On the one hand,we provide a novel mixed-game framework,which differs from both classical leader-follower games and leader-follower population games.On the other hand,the Nash and cooperative equilibria in our mixed games are distinct from those in existing leader-follower population games.The results are further illustrated with examples.
文摘This study investigates pedestrian safety perception in Ho Chi Minh City under mixed traffic conditions by evaluating comfort,crash risk,and injury risk perceptions in two scenarios:walking along and crossing multilane roads.Using visual experiments with 510 participants,the study identifies how sidewalk quality,obstructions,crossing infrastructure,and traffic conditions shape pedestrian experiences.Statistical modeling reveals that protected sidewalks and comprehensive crossing features significantly enhance perceived safety and comfort.Findings emphasize the need for improved pedestrian infrastructure and traffic calming in dense urban settings to support safer,more inclusive mobility under mixed traffic conditions like Vietnam.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12471005 and 12031008)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant No.ZR2023MA003)。
文摘Let τk(n) be the k-th divisor function.In this paper,we derive an asymptotic formula for the sum ■where k≥4,r≥2,s≥2 and ℓ≥2r-1are integers.
基金Supported by the Anhui Province Sports Health Information Monitoring Technology Engineering Research Center Open Project (KF2023012)。
文摘Deep learning algorithm is an effective data mining method and has been used in many fields to solve practical problems.However,the deep learning algorithms often contain some hyper-parameters which may be continuous,integer,or mixed,and are often given based on experience but largely affect the effectiveness of activity recognition.In order to adapt to different hyper-parameter optimization problems,our improved Cuckoo Search(CS)algorithm is proposed to optimize the mixed hyper-parameters in deep learning algorithm.The algorithm optimizes the hyper-parameters in the deep learning model robustly,and intelligently selects the combination of integer type and continuous hyper-parameters that make the model optimal.Then,the mixed hyper-parameter in Convolutional Neural Network(CNN),Long-Short-Term Memory(LSTM)and CNN-LSTM are optimized based on the methodology on the smart home activity recognition datasets.Results show that the methodology can improve the performance of the deep learning model and whether we are experienced or not,we can get a better deep learning model using our method.
基金supported by resources of the Secretary of Environment of the Medellín district,through the agreement N°001-2023 between this entity,the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of National University of Colombia at Medellín
文摘The Andean montane forests provide a wide range of ecosystem services like water supply, carbon sequestration, and biodiversity preservation. Restoration of these forests is critical due to their degraded state and the need to recover, maintain and enhance the ecosystem services they provide. However, we lack understanding of aboveground biomass (AGB) accumulation in restored Andean montane forests. AGB is a key indicator of ecosystem productivity and provides essential data on vegetation carbon stocks, permitting the assess successfulness of restoration efforts. In 2010 the initiative Más Bosques para Medellín was formulated in Medellín City, tropical Andes, Colombia, aiming to restore the forests located in the surrounding rural areas of the city, with interest in preserving the ecosystems services like water supply. The project established 548 ha of mixed plantations with native species. After 13 years, our study aims to developed in situ allometric equations and to evaluate AGB accumulation to assess restoration performance. We measured, harvested, and weighted 144 individuals from these arrangements to fit a general equation for the project and six specific equations for each one of the six most frequent species. The AGB had a positive correlation with diameter at breast height (D), total height (H) and specific wood density (WD). The best general equation uses D and WD as predictors (R^(2) = 0.928). The specific species equations certainly responded to the functional traits of each species. Using the latest inventory of permanent plots of the project we estimated a mean AGB accumulation of 41.91 ± 30.34 Mg ha^(–1) and a total accumulation of 22,996.05 Mg of AGB for the 548 ha. We compared these results with studies developed for natural forest in the region and other land covers. We found contrast behaviors in the AGB accumulation across our study zones. The developed equations have broad applicability across the Andes region, offering valuable insights for similar restoration initiatives. Furthermore, will facilitate the assessment of current restoration efforts and inform scientifically based decisions for future mixed plantation practices.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFA1406702)the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology 2021ZD0302005+1 种基金the XPLORER Prizepartly supported by the Start-up Research Fund of Southeast University(RF1028624190)。
文摘Topological band theory has been studied for free fermions for decades,and one of the most profound physical results is the bulk-boundary correspondence.Recently a focus in topological physics is extending topological classification to mixed states.Here,we focus on Gaussian mixed states for which the modular Hamiltonians of the density matrix are quadratic free fermion models with U(1)symmetry and can be classified by topological invariants.The bulk-boundary correspondence is then manifested as stable gapless modes of the modular Hamiltonian and degenerate spectrum of the density matrix.In this article,we show that these gapless modes can be detected by the full counting statistics,mathematically described by a function introduced as F(θ).A divergent derivative atθ=πcan be used to probe the gapless modes in the modular Hamiltonian.Based on this,a topological indicator,whose quantization to unity senses topologically nontrivial mixed states,is introduced.We present the physical intuition of these results and also demonstrate these results with concrete models in both one-and two-dimensions.Our results pave the way for revealing the physical significance of topology in mixed states.
