Offshore jack up platform rack steel must exhibit high strength and toughness as well as excellent welding properties. A high-quality large ingot is a prerequisite for obtaining a high-performance rough part. The elec...Offshore jack up platform rack steel must exhibit high strength and toughness as well as excellent welding properties. A high-quality large ingot is a prerequisite for obtaining a high-performance rough part. The electroslag remelting withdrawing （ESRW） technology using a T-shaped mold and bifilar mode was introduced to replace casting technology. Numerical simulation of the ESRW process was performed to determine the distribution of the temperature and velocity fields and to determine the optimum process for producing rack steels. Several A514Q slab ingots with dimensions of 0.32 m×1.40 m × 4.00 m were produced using ESRW technology in an industrial plant. The industrial test indicated that slab ingots produced by the ESRW method exhibited uniform chemical compositions and compact macrostructures. A 115.4 mm thick plate was produced from the rough ingot after 11 roiling passes. Samples were obtained from different positions in the steel plate to test the mechanical performance and examine the microstructure, and the results revealed that the properties of the steel plate satisfied ASTM standards. The ESRW process improved the tensile strength and toughness of the slab ingot, enabling significant improvements in the anisotropy and low temperature toughness, which are critical for the development of rack steel for offshore platforms.展开更多
In this study, the key technologies of a 6-m long bearing steel ingot produced by electroslag remelting withdrawing(ESRW) process, including bifilar mode supply, slag system development, and design of mold, were studi...In this study, the key technologies of a 6-m long bearing steel ingot produced by electroslag remelting withdrawing(ESRW) process, including bifilar mode supply, slag system development, and design of mold, were studied based on the laboratory research achievements. The 6-m long ingot of bearing steel GGr15 with a cross-section of 300 mm × 340 mm was produced using the ESRW process with a bifilar mode and a multi-taper T-mold in a plant. The testing results show that the melting rate using the ESRW bifilar mode technology is three times faster than traditional electroslag remelting(ESR), and the power consumption is only 1,320 k Wh per ton steel. Through testing for the chemical composition, macrostructure and inclusions of remelted ingot, it can be concluded that the ESRW bifilar mode technology not only retains the characteristics of traditional ESR, but also improves the production efficiency and reduces the cost compared to traditional ESR.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Studies have demonstrated that exogenous neurosteroid treatment prevents the development of morphine tolerance and dependence, and attenuates abstinence behavior in mice. However, there are few studies on...BACKGROUND： Studies have demonstrated that exogenous neurosteroid treatment prevents the development of morphine tolerance and dependence, and attenuates abstinence behavior in mice. However, there are few studies on whether the levels of endogenous neurosteroids can be changed by morphine dependence and withdrawal. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the levels of various neurosteroids in rat brain following morphine dependence and withdrawal. To evaluate the expressions of steroidogenic enzyme mRNAs and proteins. To identify the relationship between neurosteroids and morphine dependence at the whole animal behavior, neural biochemistry, and molecular levels. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled study. Experiments were performed at the Department of Pharmacology of Hebei Medical University and Department of Pharmacology of Beathune International Peace Hospital, China, from June 2004 to October 2007. MATERIALS： Morphine hydrochloride injection （Shenyang First Pharmaceutical Factory, China）, naloxone hydrochloride （Hunan Yiqiao Pharmaceutical Co., China） and a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry system （Agilent, CA, USA） were used in this study. METHODS： Healthy adult Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups： a morphine dependence group, morphine withdrawal group and control group （n = 20）. The rats in the morphine dependence and morphine withdrawal groups were given increasing doses of morphine （5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg/kg, intraperitoneal） to create morphine dependence. The rats in the morphine withdrawal group were injected with 2 mg/kg naloxone to precipitate withdrawal 1 hour after the last morphine injection. Rats in the control group were treated with an equal volume of saline. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Following morphine dependence and withdrawal, brain levels of the neurosteroids pregnenolone, progesterone and allopregnanolone were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The mRNA expression of two key steroidogenic enzymes, P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme （P450scc） and 3[B-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase （313-HSD）, were determined in rat brain regions using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The distribution and expression of P450scc protein were visualized in brain regions associated with addiction by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS： In brain tissue from the morphine dependence group, the levels of pregnenolone and progesterone were decreased by 62% （P 〈 0.01） and 92% （P 〈 0.01 ） respectively, compared with the control group. In the morphine dependence group, the key steroidogenic enzyme P450scc mRNA was decreased in striatum （P 〈 0.05）, while 3-HSD mRNA was decreased in amygdala （P 〈 0.05）, striatum （P 〈 0.05） and frontal cortex （P 〈 0.05） compared with the control group. Morphine withdrawal induced a significant increase in the neurosteroid levels compared with the control group （P 〈 0.01）. However, there was no significant difference in the expressions of P450scc and 36-HSD mRNAs between the morphine withdrawal and control groups （P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION： The neurosteroid levels and expressions of steroidogenic enzymes changed similarly in morphine dependent rats, suggesting that the morphine dependence-induced decrease in neurosteroids might depend on local expression of steroidogenic enzymes in the central nervous system. However, the changes in neurosteroids in morphine withdrawal rats were not in accordance with the changes in the expression of steroidogenic enzymes, suggesting that the effects of morphine withdrawal on brain neurosteroid levels may not depend primarily on the local expression of steroidogenic enzymes in the central nervous system.展开更多
Background:The decision to withhold or withdraw life-sustaining treatments is a pivotal facet of end-of-life care for patients.Previous research has revealed substantial global disparities in this issue,with limited i...Background:The decision to withhold or withdraw life-sustaining treatments is a pivotal facet of end-of-life care for patients.Previous research has revealed substantial global disparities in this issue,with limited investigations conducted in China.Methods:A retrospective study investigating the prevalence of withholding or withdrawing life-sustaining treatments at an intensive care unit in a tertiary hospital from January 2013 to May 2018 was conducted to elucidate the associated characteristics.The primary outcome measure was the prevalence of withholding or withdrawing life-sustaining treatments.The secondary measures were the demographic and clinical data.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine associations between the clinical characteristics and the decision-making.Results:This analysis included 437 patients,of which 372(85.1%)experienced withholding or withdrawal of life-sustaining treatments.Older age(odds ratio[OR]:1.03;95%confidence interval[Cl]:1.01-1.05),rural residence(OR:2.92;95%Cl:1.17-7.32),belonging to the local province(OR:1.38;95%Cl:1.22-1.57),lower per capita income group(OR:3.59;95%Cl:2.52-5.09),and a primary diagnosis of trauma(OR:4.95;95%Cl:1.19-20.64),neurosurgical disorder(OR:4.42;95%Cl:1.76-11.06),or neurological disorder(OR:12.33;95%Cl:1.56-97.52)were significantly associated with the decision to withhold or withdraw life-sustaining treatments.Conclusion:Withholding or withdrawing life-sustaining treatments may vary based on factors such as age,residential location,per capita income,and the primary diagnosis.It is imperative that healthcare policymakers acknowledge these variations and consider the lo-cal ethical norms and cultural practices when facing this issue.展开更多
The microstructure of single crystal superalloy is relatively simple,consisting primarily ofγdendrites andγ/γ′eutectics.During the directional solidification process of Ni-based single crystal superalloys,withdraw...The microstructure of single crystal superalloy is relatively simple,consisting primarily ofγdendrites andγ/γ′eutectics.During the directional solidification process of Ni-based single crystal superalloys,withdrawal rate is a critical parameter affecting the spatial distribution ofγ/γ′eutectic along gravity direction.The results show that theγ/γ′eutectic fraction of the upper platform surface is always higher than that of the lower one,regardless of withdrawal rate.As the withdrawal rate decreases,there is a significant increase inγ/γ′eutectic fraction on the upper surface,while it decreases on the lower surface.The upward accumulation ofγ/γ′eutectic becomes more severe as the withdrawal rate decreases.It is also found that the percentage of Al+Ta is positively correlated with theγ/γ′eutectic fraction.Thermo-solute convection of Al and Ta solutes in the solidification front is the prime reason for the non-uniform distribution of eutectic.The non-uniform distribution ofγ/γ′eutectic cannot be eliminated even after subsequent solution heat treatment,resulting in excess eutectic on the upper surface and thus leading to the scrapping of the blade.展开更多
BACKGROUND Psychotic disorders are characterized by both positive symptoms(hallucinations,delusions)and negative symptoms(emotional blunting,anhedonia)that impair daily functioning.While antipsychotic drugs and psycho...BACKGROUND Psychotic disorders are characterized by both positive symptoms(hallucinations,delusions)and negative symptoms(emotional blunting,anhedonia)that impair daily functioning.While antipsychotic drugs and psychological interventions are effective when addressing positive symptoms,treatment of negative symptoms remains an ongoing challenge.Mindfulness-based interventions(MBIs)have been shown to reduce negative psychotic symptoms.However,as negative psychotic symptoms are assessed as a sole entity rather than a sum of manifestations,the effect of MBIs remains unclear.AIM To examine the effects of MBI in addition to integrated rehabilitation treatment(IRT)for people experiencing psychosis on each of the negative psychotic symptoms.METHODS A randomized controlled clinical trial with preintervention and postintervention measures was designed.The main outcome variable was negative psychotic symptoms assessed through the seven subscales of the Spanish version of the positive and negative syndrome scale.Data were analyzed using a repeated measures analysis of variance and reliable change index calculation.RESULTS There were no statistical differences between groups at the preintervention assessment.Statistically significant differences were found after MBI for the time in emotional withdrawal(F=37.75,P<0.001,η2=0.437)and social withdrawal(F=37.75,P<0.001,η2=0.437).CONCLUSION MBI added to IRT reduced the lack of interest and involvement with affective commitment to daily life activities,and interest and engagement in social activities increased.These negative psychotic symptoms were not improved by IRT alone.展开更多
BACKGROUND 5-aminosalicylates(5-ASA)are the primary treatment for mild to moderate ulcerative colitis(UC).Maintenance therapy with 5-ASA has been shown to reduce both the risk of relapse and colorectal cancer.AIM To e...BACKGROUND 5-aminosalicylates(5-ASA)are the primary treatment for mild to moderate ulcerative colitis(UC).Maintenance therapy with 5-ASA has been shown to reduce both the risk of relapse and colorectal cancer.AIM To evaluate the outcomes of 5-ASA withdrawal due to non-adherence in UC patients while in remission on monotherapy.METHODS Adult patients with UC who were followed up between July 2019 and April 2025 were screened.Patients in remission receiving 5-ASA monotherapy who experienced treatment withdrawal due to non-adherence were included in this study.RESULTS Among 880 patients with UC,30(3.4%)had 5-ASA withdrawal due to nonadherence while in remission on monotherapy.Twelve patients(40%)had disease relapse after a median of 20 months.The rate of patients in remission was 89%in the first year,decreasing to 73%in the second year,and to 64%in the third year.There were no significant differences between patients with and without relapse in terms of demographics,disease extent,remission duration before 5-ASA withdrawal,previous medications,steroid dependence,5-ASA formulation,baseline inflammatory markers,or partial and endoscopic Mayo scores.Most patients(75%)who experienced relapse were successfully treated with 5-ASA monotherapy,while one-fourth of them required corticosteroids.No patients required biologic agents,hospitalization,or surgical intervention.CONCLUSION Intermittent therapy may be safe and feasible for UC patients,especially those in long-term remission,with treatment interruption up to one year considered acceptable.展开更多
The research explores the long-term connection between Greece’s agricultural output,with a focus on both crop and livestock production,and crucial environmental factors like water usage and energy consumption.Through...The research explores the long-term connection between Greece’s agricultural output,with a focus on both crop and livestock production,and crucial environmental factors like water usage and energy consumption.Through linear regression analysis,the study investigates how these factors affect agricultural value-added,providing insights into the sustainability and efficiency of Greece’s farming sector.The results show a significant(p<0.05)positive relationship between crop production and agricultural value-added,as well as the significant influence of water usage and energy consumption on the productivity of both crops and livestock.For livestock farming,the analysis revealed a weaker contribution to agricultural value-added at the national level,likely due to structural inefficiencies in the sector.While livestock production benefits significantly from water and energy inputs,it does not have as substantial an economic impact compared to crop production.This research contributes to the field of agricultural economics by offering a historical perspective on how resource management influences agricultural performance over time.It highlights the significance of sustainable practices,especially in areas like the periphery of Western Macedonia,which are shifting from conventional energy sources like lignite to renewable energy.The findings advocate for policies that promote water conservation,energy efficiency,and smart agriculture to enhance productivity and support regional development.展开更多
BACKGROUND Despite therapeutic benefits,discontinuation of tirzepatide is common in randomized controlled trials(RCTs)due to adverse events(AEs)and other causes.No previous systematic reviews have explored the reasons...BACKGROUND Despite therapeutic benefits,discontinuation of tirzepatide is common in randomized controlled trials(RCTs)due to adverse events(AEs)and other causes.No previous systematic reviews have explored the reasons for discontinuing tirzepatide in the RCTs.AIM To explore the reasons for permanent discontinuation of tirzepatide vs controls[placebo,insulin,and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1Ras)]in RCTs.METHODS Relevant RCTs were systematically searched using related terms through multiple databases such as MEDLINE(via PubMed),Scopus,Cochrane Central Register,and ClinicalTrials.gov from their inception until June 20,2024.RevMan web was used to conduct meta-analysis using random-effects models.Outcomes were presented as risk ratios(RR)with 95%confidence intervals(CI).RESULTS Seventeen RCTs(n=14645),mostly having low risks of bias,were analyzed.Compared to placebo,the risk of permanent discontinuation of the study drug was substantially lower with tirzepatide 10 mg(RR:0.69,95%CI:0.51-0.93,P=0.02)and similar with tirzepatide 5 mg(RR:0.74,95%CI:0.47-1.17,P=0.20)and 15 mg(RR:0.94,95%CI:0.68-1.31,P=0.71).Tirzepatide had identical discontinuation risks when compared to insulin at 5 mg(RR:0.96,95%CI:0.75-1.24,P=0.77)and 10 mg(RR:1.19,95%CI:0.77-1.82,P=0.44)doses,whereas such risk was higher with tirzepatide 15 mg than insulin(RR:1.31,95%CI:1.03-1.67,P=0.03).Compared to GLP-1RA,the permanent discontinuation risk was similar with tirzepatide 5 mg(RR:0.98,95%CI:0.70-1.37,P=0.90)but was higher with tirzepatide 10 mg(RR:1.40,95%CI:1.03-1.90,P=0.03)and 15 mg(RR:1.70,95%CI:1.27-2.27,P=0.0004).Tirzepatide,at all doses,had higher risks of AE-related discontinuation than insulin;such risks were only greater with higher doses of tirzepatide than with placebo or GLP-1RA.Discontinuation risk due to withdrawal by the study subjects was lower with tirzepatide than with placebo or insulin.Compared to the placebo,tirzepatide(all doses)conferred a lower risk of study drug discontinuation due to other causes not specifically mentioned.CONCLUSION The discontinuation risk is not higher in tirzepatide group than in the placebo arm.Many factors other than AEs led to drug discontinuation in the included RCTs.展开更多
This review examines the mechanisms of anxiety and depression in menopausal syndrome from an integrated physiological to psychological perspective.Fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone levels during menopause affe...This review examines the mechanisms of anxiety and depression in menopausal syndrome from an integrated physiological to psychological perspective.Fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone levels during menopause affect neurotransmitter systems(including serotonin,norepinephrine,and dopamine),hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function,inflammatory processes,and neurotrophic factor expression,collectively diminishing the resilience of emotional regulation neural circuits.Simultaneously,vasomotor symptoms(such as hot flashes and night sweats),sleep disruption,genetic susceptibility,and epigenetic modifications interact with mood disorders,while psychosocial factors(such as midlife stressors and role transitions)and cognitive factors(including negative schemas about aging,attentional bias toward threats,and difficulties in emotional regulation)further shape women’s experiences of menopausal changes.Clinical practice should adopt a biopsychosocial model,employing personalized multimodal approaches through hormone therapy,antidepressants,psychotherapy,and lifestyle adjustments,while future research should focus on developing biomarkers,utilizing advanced technologies,and developing targeted interventions to support women’s psychological wellbeing during menopause.展开更多
Using data from the 11th to 14th Five-Year Plan periods(2006-2025),this study applies a Difference-in-Differences(DID)approach to assess the impact of industrial policy withdrawal.Industries that have faced policy wit...Using data from the 11th to 14th Five-Year Plan periods(2006-2025),this study applies a Difference-in-Differences(DID)approach to assess the impact of industrial policy withdrawal.Industries that have faced policy withdrawal for over a decade are categorized as the treatment group,while consistently supported industries form the control group.The analysis examines how withdrawal affects firm total factor productivity(TFP)and investment behavior.The results show that policy withdrawal boosts firm TFP by reducing over-investment and improving the efficiency of R&D spending.This effect is particularly evident in industries with strong,competitive leading firms.Additionally,in regions with lower levels of marketization,timely policy withdrawal plays a key role in curbing over-investment.This study also highlights a dual effect of policy withdrawal:while it fosters corporate social responsibility,it may also encourage financial speculation.These findings suggest that the implementation of industrial policy should provide“timely assistance”over a limited timeframe rather than long-term support to well-established industries.As industries mature,policy support should be gradually reduced or phased out to avoid over-investment and enhance firm efficiency.展开更多
Underground salt cavern CO_(2) storage(SCCS)offers the dual benefits of enabling extensive CO_(2) storage and facilitating the utilization of CO_(2) resources while contributing the regulation of the carbon market.Its...Underground salt cavern CO_(2) storage(SCCS)offers the dual benefits of enabling extensive CO_(2) storage and facilitating the utilization of CO_(2) resources while contributing the regulation of the carbon market.Its economic and operational advantages over traditional carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)projects make SCCS a more cost-effective and flexible option.Despite the widespread use of salt caverns for storing various substances,differences exist between SCCS and traditional salt cavern energy storage in terms of gas-tightness,carbon injection,brine extraction control,long-term carbon storage stability,and site selection criteria.These distinctions stem from the unique phase change characteristics of CO_(2) and the application scenarios of SCCS.Therefore,targeted and forward-looking scientific research on SCCS is imperative.This paper introduces the implementation principles and application scenarios of SCCS,emphasizing its connections with carbon emissions,carbon utilization,and renewable energy peak shaving.It delves into the operational characteristics and economic advantages of SCCS compared with other CCUS methods,and addresses associated scientific challenges.In this paper,we establish a pressure equation for carbon injection and brine extraction,that considers the phase change characteristics of CO_(2),and we analyze the pressure during carbon injection.By comparing the viscosities of CO_(2) and other gases,SCCS’s excellent sealing performance is demonstrated.Building on this,we develop a long-term stability evaluation model and associated indices,which analyze the impact of the injection speed and minimum operating pressure on stability.Field countermeasures to ensure stability are proposed.Site selection criteria for SCCS are established,preliminary salt mine sites suitable for SCCS are identified in China,and an initial estimate of achievable carbon storage scale in China is made at over 51.8-77.7 million tons,utilizing only 20%-30%volume of abandoned salt caverns.This paper addresses key scientific and engineering challenges facing SCCS and determines crucial technical parameters,such as the operating pressure,burial depth,and storage scale,and it offers essential guidance for implementing SCCS projects in China.展开更多
Water-level reduction frequently occurs in deep reservoirs,but its effect on dissolved oxygen concentration is not well understood.In this study we used a well-established water qual-itymodel to illustrate effects of ...Water-level reduction frequently occurs in deep reservoirs,but its effect on dissolved oxygen concentration is not well understood.In this study we used a well-established water qual-itymodel to illustrate effects of water level dynamics on oxygen concentration in Rappbode Reservoir,Germany.We then systematically elucidated the potential of selectivewithdrawal to control hypoxia under changing water levels.Our results documented a gradual decrease of hypolimnetic oxygen concentration under decreasing water level,and hypoxia occurred when the initial level was lower than 410 m a.s.l(71 m relative to the reservoir bottom).We also suggested that changes of hypoxic region,under increasing hypolimnetic withdrawal discharge,followed a unimodal trajectory with themaximum hypoxic area projected under the discharge between 3 m^(3)/sec and 4 m^(3)/sec.Besides,our results illustrated the extent of hypoxia was most effectively inhibited if the withdrawal strategy was applied at the end of stratification with the outlet elevation at the deepest part of the reservoir.Moreover,hy-poxia can be totally avoided under a hybrid elevation withdrawal strategy using surface withdrawal during early and mid stratification,and deep withdrawal at the end of strat-ification.We further confirmed the decisive role of thermal structure in the formation of hypoxia under water-level reduction and withdrawal strategies.We believe the conclusions from this study can be applied to many deep waters in the temperate zone,and the results should guide stakeholders to mitigate negative impacts of hypoxia on aquatic ecosystems.展开更多
Despite the high efficiency of remote sensing methods for rapid and large-scale detection of subsidence phenomena,this technique has limitations such as atmospheric impact and temporal and spatial decorrelation that a...Despite the high efficiency of remote sensing methods for rapid and large-scale detection of subsidence phenomena,this technique has limitations such as atmospheric impact and temporal and spatial decorrelation that affect the accuracy of the results.This paper proposes a method based on an artificial neural network to improve the results of monitoring land subsidence due to groundwater overexploitation by radar interferometry in the Aliabad plain(Central Iran).In this regard,vertical ground deformations were monitored over 18 months using the Sentinel-1A SAR images.To model the land subsidence by a multilayer perceptron(MLP)artificial neural network,four parameters,including groundwater level,alluvial thickness,elastic modulus,and transmissivity have been applied.The model's generalizability was assessed using data derived for 144 days.According to the results,the neural network estimates the land subsidence at each ground point with an accuracy of 6.8 mm.A comparison between the predicted and actual values indicated a significant agreement.The MLP model can be used to improve the results of subsidence detection in the study area or other areas with similar characteristics.展开更多
Lateral intakes are common in rivers.The pump effciency and sediment deposition are determined by the local hydrodynamic characteristics and mainstream division width.The hydraulic characteristics of lateral withdrawa...Lateral intakes are common in rivers.The pump effciency and sediment deposition are determined by the local hydrodynamic characteristics and mainstream division width.The hydraulic characteristics of lateral withdrawal from inclined river slopes at different intake elevations should be investigated.Meanwhile,the division width exhibits significant vertical non-uniformity at an inclined river slope,which should be clarified.Hence,a three-dimensional(3-D)hydrodynamic and particle-tracking model was developed with the Open Source Field Operation and Manipulation(Open FOAM),and the model was validated with physical model tests for 90°lateral withdrawal from an inclined side bank.The flow fields,withdrawal sources,and division widths were investigated with different intake bottom elevations,withdrawal discharges,and main channel velocities.This study showed that under inclined side bank conditions,water entered the intake at an oblique angle,causing significant 3-D spiral flows in the intake rather than two-dimensional closed recirculation.A lower withdrawal discharge,a lower bottom elevation of the intake,or a higher main channel velocity could further strengthen this phenomenon.The average division width and turbulent kinetic energy were smaller under inclined side bank conditions than under vertical bank conditions.With a low intake bottom elevation,a low withdrawal discharge,or a high main channel velocity,the sources of lateral withdrawal were in similar ranges near the local inclined bank in the vertical direction.Under inclined slope conditions,sediment deposition near the intake entrance could be reduced,compared to that under vertical slope conditions.The results provide hydrodynamic and sediment references for engineering designs for natural rivers with inclined terrains.展开更多
The existing land supply mode of opencast mining is"land requisition first,then transfer",which lacks an effective recovery and withdrawal mechanism,and the reclaimed mining land is difficult to withdraw.Acc...The existing land supply mode of opencast mining is"land requisition first,then transfer",which lacks an effective recovery and withdrawal mechanism,and the reclaimed mining land is difficult to withdraw.According to the regular rules of coal opencast mining and the periodic characteristics of land use,this paper puts forward a new mode of temporary land use for coal opencast mining.It is conducive to im-proving the quality and scale of land use and reclamation utilization of opencast coal mining,and is of great significance for exploring and for-mulating reasonable land use policies for mineral resources development projects.展开更多
Background and Objective: With the popularity and widespread use of mobile phones, the effects of mobile phone dependence and addiction on individuals’ physical and mental health have attracted more and more attentio...Background and Objective: With the popularity and widespread use of mobile phones, the effects of mobile phone dependence and addiction on individuals’ physical and mental health have attracted more and more attention. The present study aims to analyze the current state of mobile phone addiction and its impact on sleep quality within the population, while also exploring the influence of related factors on sleep quality. Ultimately, this research will provide a scientific foundation for targeted intervention measures and strategies. Methods: A total of 253 permanent residents in Nanjing were randomly selected as study subjects. The Mobile Phone Addiction Index (MPAI) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to evaluate the degree of smartphone addiction and sleep quality of the study subjects. Body mass index (BMI) was measured according to standardized procedures. Independent sample t-test, Chi-square test, rank sum test and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the correlation between mobile phone addiction and sleep quality, and P Results: 117 people (46.2%) were addicted to mobile phones. Chi-square test showed that the rate of mobile phone addiction in drinking group was significantly higher than that in non-drinking group (P P P P P P P P P P Conclusion: Mobile phone addiction may lead to shorter sleep duration and reduce sleep efficiency. The withdrawal of mobile phone addiction may have a negative impact on sleep quality. According to the characteristics of the population, appropriate comprehensive intervention measures should be taken to build an effective evaluation system, so as to reduce the impact of mobile phone addiction and withdrawal problems on sleep and improve sleep quality.展开更多
This study aims to determine whether the involvement of prestigious attorneys in issuing companies affects withdrawals in the initial public offering(IPO)market.There is little evidence on how the involvement of famou...This study aims to determine whether the involvement of prestigious attorneys in issuing companies affects withdrawals in the initial public offering(IPO)market.There is little evidence on how the involvement of famous lawyers affects IPO withdrawal.The study considers a large dataset consisting of 24,312 IPOs that were either successful or withdrawn from 22 distinct IPO marketplaces between January 1995 and December 2019.We find that IPO issuers may benefit from engaging with reputed attorneys by leveraging exceptional legal or negotiating abilities as quality certification signals to reduce IPO investors’ex-ante uncertainty.Here,the objective is to protect their IPOs from withdrawal of at least by 22%.Multiple robustness tests validate the reliability of the results of this study.These findings have significant implications for researchers,legislators,investors,and issuers.展开更多
In order to study the effect of the withdrawing rate on carbide morphology,MC-type carbide in single crystal superalloy AM3 was systematically investigated with sample growth rates from 3.5 μm/s to 500 μm/s.The carb...In order to study the effect of the withdrawing rate on carbide morphology,MC-type carbide in single crystal superalloy AM3 was systematically investigated with sample growth rates from 3.5 μm/s to 500 μm/s.The carbide morphologies were investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and the electron probe microanalysis(EPMA) was used to characterize the carbide composition.The results indicate that the solidification rate is the important factor governing MC carbide growth morphology,size and distribution,composition and growth mechanism.With the increase of withdrawing rate,nodular,rod-like,Chinese script types of carbide morphology are observed.For the low withdrawing rate,with the increase of withdrawing rate,the carbide size becomes larger.For the case of dendritic interface,the carbide size becomes smaller with refinement of dendrites as withdrawing rate increases.The volume fraction of carbides increases with the withdrawing rate increasing.展开更多
基金Item Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China(51204041,51474126,U1560203)Science and Technology Commission of Liaoning of China(L2013125)
文摘Offshore jack up platform rack steel must exhibit high strength and toughness as well as excellent welding properties. A high-quality large ingot is a prerequisite for obtaining a high-performance rough part. The electroslag remelting withdrawing （ESRW） technology using a T-shaped mold and bifilar mode was introduced to replace casting technology. Numerical simulation of the ESRW process was performed to determine the distribution of the temperature and velocity fields and to determine the optimum process for producing rack steels. Several A514Q slab ingots with dimensions of 0.32 m×1.40 m × 4.00 m were produced using ESRW technology in an industrial plant. The industrial test indicated that slab ingots produced by the ESRW method exhibited uniform chemical compositions and compact macrostructures. A 115.4 mm thick plate was produced from the rough ingot after 11 roiling passes. Samples were obtained from different positions in the steel plate to test the mechanical performance and examine the microstructure, and the results revealed that the properties of the steel plate satisfied ASTM standards. The ESRW process improved the tensile strength and toughness of the slab ingot, enabling significant improvements in the anisotropy and low temperature toughness, which are critical for the development of rack steel for offshore platforms.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51474126)the Science and Technology Commission of Liaoning,China(No.L2013125)
文摘In this study, the key technologies of a 6-m long bearing steel ingot produced by electroslag remelting withdrawing(ESRW) process, including bifilar mode supply, slag system development, and design of mold, were studied based on the laboratory research achievements. The 6-m long ingot of bearing steel GGr15 with a cross-section of 300 mm × 340 mm was produced using the ESRW process with a bifilar mode and a multi-taper T-mold in a plant. The testing results show that the melting rate using the ESRW bifilar mode technology is three times faster than traditional electroslag remelting(ESR), and the power consumption is only 1,320 k Wh per ton steel. Through testing for the chemical composition, macrostructure and inclusions of remelted ingot, it can be concluded that the ESRW bifilar mode technology not only retains the characteristics of traditional ESR, but also improves the production efficiency and reduces the cost compared to traditional ESR.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30772082the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province of China, No. C2005000834
文摘BACKGROUND： Studies have demonstrated that exogenous neurosteroid treatment prevents the development of morphine tolerance and dependence, and attenuates abstinence behavior in mice. However, there are few studies on whether the levels of endogenous neurosteroids can be changed by morphine dependence and withdrawal. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the levels of various neurosteroids in rat brain following morphine dependence and withdrawal. To evaluate the expressions of steroidogenic enzyme mRNAs and proteins. To identify the relationship between neurosteroids and morphine dependence at the whole animal behavior, neural biochemistry, and molecular levels. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled study. Experiments were performed at the Department of Pharmacology of Hebei Medical University and Department of Pharmacology of Beathune International Peace Hospital, China, from June 2004 to October 2007. MATERIALS： Morphine hydrochloride injection （Shenyang First Pharmaceutical Factory, China）, naloxone hydrochloride （Hunan Yiqiao Pharmaceutical Co., China） and a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry system （Agilent, CA, USA） were used in this study. METHODS： Healthy adult Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups： a morphine dependence group, morphine withdrawal group and control group （n = 20）. The rats in the morphine dependence and morphine withdrawal groups were given increasing doses of morphine （5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg/kg, intraperitoneal） to create morphine dependence. The rats in the morphine withdrawal group were injected with 2 mg/kg naloxone to precipitate withdrawal 1 hour after the last morphine injection. Rats in the control group were treated with an equal volume of saline. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Following morphine dependence and withdrawal, brain levels of the neurosteroids pregnenolone, progesterone and allopregnanolone were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The mRNA expression of two key steroidogenic enzymes, P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme （P450scc） and 3[B-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase （313-HSD）, were determined in rat brain regions using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The distribution and expression of P450scc protein were visualized in brain regions associated with addiction by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS： In brain tissue from the morphine dependence group, the levels of pregnenolone and progesterone were decreased by 62% （P 〈 0.01） and 92% （P 〈 0.01 ） respectively, compared with the control group. In the morphine dependence group, the key steroidogenic enzyme P450scc mRNA was decreased in striatum （P 〈 0.05）, while 3-HSD mRNA was decreased in amygdala （P 〈 0.05）, striatum （P 〈 0.05） and frontal cortex （P 〈 0.05） compared with the control group. Morphine withdrawal induced a significant increase in the neurosteroid levels compared with the control group （P 〈 0.01）. However, there was no significant difference in the expressions of P450scc and 36-HSD mRNAs between the morphine withdrawal and control groups （P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION： The neurosteroid levels and expressions of steroidogenic enzymes changed similarly in morphine dependent rats, suggesting that the morphine dependence-induced decrease in neurosteroids might depend on local expression of steroidogenic enzymes in the central nervous system. However, the changes in neurosteroids in morphine withdrawal rats were not in accordance with the changes in the expression of steroidogenic enzymes, suggesting that the effects of morphine withdrawal on brain neurosteroid levels may not depend primarily on the local expression of steroidogenic enzymes in the central nervous system.
基金funded by Clinical Medical Center Construction Project of Hainan Province(HNCM202201)the Major Science and Technology Program of Hainan Province(ZDKJ202004).
文摘Background:The decision to withhold or withdraw life-sustaining treatments is a pivotal facet of end-of-life care for patients.Previous research has revealed substantial global disparities in this issue,with limited investigations conducted in China.Methods:A retrospective study investigating the prevalence of withholding or withdrawing life-sustaining treatments at an intensive care unit in a tertiary hospital from January 2013 to May 2018 was conducted to elucidate the associated characteristics.The primary outcome measure was the prevalence of withholding or withdrawing life-sustaining treatments.The secondary measures were the demographic and clinical data.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine associations between the clinical characteristics and the decision-making.Results:This analysis included 437 patients,of which 372(85.1%)experienced withholding or withdrawal of life-sustaining treatments.Older age(odds ratio[OR]:1.03;95%confidence interval[Cl]:1.01-1.05),rural residence(OR:2.92;95%Cl:1.17-7.32),belonging to the local province(OR:1.38;95%Cl:1.22-1.57),lower per capita income group(OR:3.59;95%Cl:2.52-5.09),and a primary diagnosis of trauma(OR:4.95;95%Cl:1.19-20.64),neurosurgical disorder(OR:4.42;95%Cl:1.76-11.06),or neurological disorder(OR:12.33;95%Cl:1.56-97.52)were significantly associated with the decision to withhold or withdraw life-sustaining treatments.Conclusion:Withholding or withdrawing life-sustaining treatments may vary based on factors such as age,residential location,per capita income,and the primary diagnosis.It is imperative that healthcare policymakers acknowledge these variations and consider the lo-cal ethical norms and cultural practices when facing this issue.
基金Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JSGG20220831092800001)。
文摘The microstructure of single crystal superalloy is relatively simple,consisting primarily ofγdendrites andγ/γ′eutectics.During the directional solidification process of Ni-based single crystal superalloys,withdrawal rate is a critical parameter affecting the spatial distribution ofγ/γ′eutectic along gravity direction.The results show that theγ/γ′eutectic fraction of the upper platform surface is always higher than that of the lower one,regardless of withdrawal rate.As the withdrawal rate decreases,there is a significant increase inγ/γ′eutectic fraction on the upper surface,while it decreases on the lower surface.The upward accumulation ofγ/γ′eutectic becomes more severe as the withdrawal rate decreases.It is also found that the percentage of Al+Ta is positively correlated with theγ/γ′eutectic fraction.Thermo-solute convection of Al and Ta solutes in the solidification front is the prime reason for the non-uniform distribution of eutectic.The non-uniform distribution ofγ/γ′eutectic cannot be eliminated even after subsequent solution heat treatment,resulting in excess eutectic on the upper surface and thus leading to the scrapping of the blade.
基金Supported by the R+D Project funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by FEDER,EU,No.PID2021-122987OA-I00.
文摘BACKGROUND Psychotic disorders are characterized by both positive symptoms(hallucinations,delusions)and negative symptoms(emotional blunting,anhedonia)that impair daily functioning.While antipsychotic drugs and psychological interventions are effective when addressing positive symptoms,treatment of negative symptoms remains an ongoing challenge.Mindfulness-based interventions(MBIs)have been shown to reduce negative psychotic symptoms.However,as negative psychotic symptoms are assessed as a sole entity rather than a sum of manifestations,the effect of MBIs remains unclear.AIM To examine the effects of MBI in addition to integrated rehabilitation treatment(IRT)for people experiencing psychosis on each of the negative psychotic symptoms.METHODS A randomized controlled clinical trial with preintervention and postintervention measures was designed.The main outcome variable was negative psychotic symptoms assessed through the seven subscales of the Spanish version of the positive and negative syndrome scale.Data were analyzed using a repeated measures analysis of variance and reliable change index calculation.RESULTS There were no statistical differences between groups at the preintervention assessment.Statistically significant differences were found after MBI for the time in emotional withdrawal(F=37.75,P<0.001,η2=0.437)and social withdrawal(F=37.75,P<0.001,η2=0.437).CONCLUSION MBI added to IRT reduced the lack of interest and involvement with affective commitment to daily life activities,and interest and engagement in social activities increased.These negative psychotic symptoms were not improved by IRT alone.
文摘BACKGROUND 5-aminosalicylates(5-ASA)are the primary treatment for mild to moderate ulcerative colitis(UC).Maintenance therapy with 5-ASA has been shown to reduce both the risk of relapse and colorectal cancer.AIM To evaluate the outcomes of 5-ASA withdrawal due to non-adherence in UC patients while in remission on monotherapy.METHODS Adult patients with UC who were followed up between July 2019 and April 2025 were screened.Patients in remission receiving 5-ASA monotherapy who experienced treatment withdrawal due to non-adherence were included in this study.RESULTS Among 880 patients with UC,30(3.4%)had 5-ASA withdrawal due to nonadherence while in remission on monotherapy.Twelve patients(40%)had disease relapse after a median of 20 months.The rate of patients in remission was 89%in the first year,decreasing to 73%in the second year,and to 64%in the third year.There were no significant differences between patients with and without relapse in terms of demographics,disease extent,remission duration before 5-ASA withdrawal,previous medications,steroid dependence,5-ASA formulation,baseline inflammatory markers,or partial and endoscopic Mayo scores.Most patients(75%)who experienced relapse were successfully treated with 5-ASA monotherapy,while one-fourth of them required corticosteroids.No patients required biologic agents,hospitalization,or surgical intervention.CONCLUSION Intermittent therapy may be safe and feasible for UC patients,especially those in long-term remission,with treatment interruption up to one year considered acceptable.
文摘The research explores the long-term connection between Greece’s agricultural output,with a focus on both crop and livestock production,and crucial environmental factors like water usage and energy consumption.Through linear regression analysis,the study investigates how these factors affect agricultural value-added,providing insights into the sustainability and efficiency of Greece’s farming sector.The results show a significant(p<0.05)positive relationship between crop production and agricultural value-added,as well as the significant influence of water usage and energy consumption on the productivity of both crops and livestock.For livestock farming,the analysis revealed a weaker contribution to agricultural value-added at the national level,likely due to structural inefficiencies in the sector.While livestock production benefits significantly from water and energy inputs,it does not have as substantial an economic impact compared to crop production.This research contributes to the field of agricultural economics by offering a historical perspective on how resource management influences agricultural performance over time.It highlights the significance of sustainable practices,especially in areas like the periphery of Western Macedonia,which are shifting from conventional energy sources like lignite to renewable energy.The findings advocate for policies that promote water conservation,energy efficiency,and smart agriculture to enhance productivity and support regional development.
文摘BACKGROUND Despite therapeutic benefits,discontinuation of tirzepatide is common in randomized controlled trials(RCTs)due to adverse events(AEs)and other causes.No previous systematic reviews have explored the reasons for discontinuing tirzepatide in the RCTs.AIM To explore the reasons for permanent discontinuation of tirzepatide vs controls[placebo,insulin,and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1Ras)]in RCTs.METHODS Relevant RCTs were systematically searched using related terms through multiple databases such as MEDLINE(via PubMed),Scopus,Cochrane Central Register,and ClinicalTrials.gov from their inception until June 20,2024.RevMan web was used to conduct meta-analysis using random-effects models.Outcomes were presented as risk ratios(RR)with 95%confidence intervals(CI).RESULTS Seventeen RCTs(n=14645),mostly having low risks of bias,were analyzed.Compared to placebo,the risk of permanent discontinuation of the study drug was substantially lower with tirzepatide 10 mg(RR:0.69,95%CI:0.51-0.93,P=0.02)and similar with tirzepatide 5 mg(RR:0.74,95%CI:0.47-1.17,P=0.20)and 15 mg(RR:0.94,95%CI:0.68-1.31,P=0.71).Tirzepatide had identical discontinuation risks when compared to insulin at 5 mg(RR:0.96,95%CI:0.75-1.24,P=0.77)and 10 mg(RR:1.19,95%CI:0.77-1.82,P=0.44)doses,whereas such risk was higher with tirzepatide 15 mg than insulin(RR:1.31,95%CI:1.03-1.67,P=0.03).Compared to GLP-1RA,the permanent discontinuation risk was similar with tirzepatide 5 mg(RR:0.98,95%CI:0.70-1.37,P=0.90)but was higher with tirzepatide 10 mg(RR:1.40,95%CI:1.03-1.90,P=0.03)and 15 mg(RR:1.70,95%CI:1.27-2.27,P=0.0004).Tirzepatide,at all doses,had higher risks of AE-related discontinuation than insulin;such risks were only greater with higher doses of tirzepatide than with placebo or GLP-1RA.Discontinuation risk due to withdrawal by the study subjects was lower with tirzepatide than with placebo or insulin.Compared to the placebo,tirzepatide(all doses)conferred a lower risk of study drug discontinuation due to other causes not specifically mentioned.CONCLUSION The discontinuation risk is not higher in tirzepatide group than in the placebo arm.Many factors other than AEs led to drug discontinuation in the included RCTs.
基金Supported by Zhejiang Provincial Medical and Health Science and Technology Program,No.2025KY196.
文摘This review examines the mechanisms of anxiety and depression in menopausal syndrome from an integrated physiological to psychological perspective.Fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone levels during menopause affect neurotransmitter systems(including serotonin,norepinephrine,and dopamine),hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function,inflammatory processes,and neurotrophic factor expression,collectively diminishing the resilience of emotional regulation neural circuits.Simultaneously,vasomotor symptoms(such as hot flashes and night sweats),sleep disruption,genetic susceptibility,and epigenetic modifications interact with mood disorders,while psychosocial factors(such as midlife stressors and role transitions)and cognitive factors(including negative schemas about aging,attentional bias toward threats,and difficulties in emotional regulation)further shape women’s experiences of menopausal changes.Clinical practice should adopt a biopsychosocial model,employing personalized multimodal approaches through hormone therapy,antidepressants,psychotherapy,and lifestyle adjustments,while future research should focus on developing biomarkers,utilizing advanced technologies,and developing targeted interventions to support women’s psychological wellbeing during menopause.
基金supported by the Major Project of the Beijing Social Science Fund“Research on Constructing a New Development Pattern and the Coordinated Development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region”(20ZDA31).
文摘Using data from the 11th to 14th Five-Year Plan periods(2006-2025),this study applies a Difference-in-Differences(DID)approach to assess the impact of industrial policy withdrawal.Industries that have faced policy withdrawal for over a decade are categorized as the treatment group,while consistently supported industries form the control group.The analysis examines how withdrawal affects firm total factor productivity(TFP)and investment behavior.The results show that policy withdrawal boosts firm TFP by reducing over-investment and improving the efficiency of R&D spending.This effect is particularly evident in industries with strong,competitive leading firms.Additionally,in regions with lower levels of marketization,timely policy withdrawal plays a key role in curbing over-investment.This study also highlights a dual effect of policy withdrawal:while it fosters corporate social responsibility,it may also encourage financial speculation.These findings suggest that the implementation of industrial policy should provide“timely assistance”over a limited timeframe rather than long-term support to well-established industries.As industries mature,policy support should be gradually reduced or phased out to avoid over-investment and enhance firm efficiency.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52074046,52122403,51834003,and 52274073)the Graduate Research and Innovation Foundation of Chongqing(CYB22023)+2 种基金the Chongqing Talents Plan for Young Talents(cstc2022ycjh-bgzxm0035)Hunan Institute of Engineering(21RC025 and XJ2005)Hunan Province Education Department(21B0664).
文摘Underground salt cavern CO_(2) storage(SCCS)offers the dual benefits of enabling extensive CO_(2) storage and facilitating the utilization of CO_(2) resources while contributing the regulation of the carbon market.Its economic and operational advantages over traditional carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)projects make SCCS a more cost-effective and flexible option.Despite the widespread use of salt caverns for storing various substances,differences exist between SCCS and traditional salt cavern energy storage in terms of gas-tightness,carbon injection,brine extraction control,long-term carbon storage stability,and site selection criteria.These distinctions stem from the unique phase change characteristics of CO_(2) and the application scenarios of SCCS.Therefore,targeted and forward-looking scientific research on SCCS is imperative.This paper introduces the implementation principles and application scenarios of SCCS,emphasizing its connections with carbon emissions,carbon utilization,and renewable energy peak shaving.It delves into the operational characteristics and economic advantages of SCCS compared with other CCUS methods,and addresses associated scientific challenges.In this paper,we establish a pressure equation for carbon injection and brine extraction,that considers the phase change characteristics of CO_(2),and we analyze the pressure during carbon injection.By comparing the viscosities of CO_(2) and other gases,SCCS’s excellent sealing performance is demonstrated.Building on this,we develop a long-term stability evaluation model and associated indices,which analyze the impact of the injection speed and minimum operating pressure on stability.Field countermeasures to ensure stability are proposed.Site selection criteria for SCCS are established,preliminary salt mine sites suitable for SCCS are identified in China,and an initial estimate of achievable carbon storage scale in China is made at over 51.8-77.7 million tons,utilizing only 20%-30%volume of abandoned salt caverns.This paper addresses key scientific and engineering challenges facing SCCS and determines crucial technical parameters,such as the operating pressure,burial depth,and storage scale,and it offers essential guidance for implementing SCCS projects in China.
基金supported by the German Research Founda-tion(DFG,grant RI 2040/4-1)the InventWater ITN(Inventive forecasting tools for adapting water quality management to a new climate)through the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research,innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No.956623 and UFZ Program Integra-tion Budget+3 种基金Chenxi Mi acknowledges the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42107060)Liaoning Provincial Doctoral Research Startup Fund Project(No.2022-BS-174)supported by the“Xingliao Talents Plan”science and technology in-novation leading talents project of Liaoning Province(No.XLYC2002054)the National Key Research and Develop-ment Program of China(NO.2022YFF1301000-4).
文摘Water-level reduction frequently occurs in deep reservoirs,but its effect on dissolved oxygen concentration is not well understood.In this study we used a well-established water qual-itymodel to illustrate effects of water level dynamics on oxygen concentration in Rappbode Reservoir,Germany.We then systematically elucidated the potential of selectivewithdrawal to control hypoxia under changing water levels.Our results documented a gradual decrease of hypolimnetic oxygen concentration under decreasing water level,and hypoxia occurred when the initial level was lower than 410 m a.s.l(71 m relative to the reservoir bottom).We also suggested that changes of hypoxic region,under increasing hypolimnetic withdrawal discharge,followed a unimodal trajectory with themaximum hypoxic area projected under the discharge between 3 m^(3)/sec and 4 m^(3)/sec.Besides,our results illustrated the extent of hypoxia was most effectively inhibited if the withdrawal strategy was applied at the end of stratification with the outlet elevation at the deepest part of the reservoir.Moreover,hy-poxia can be totally avoided under a hybrid elevation withdrawal strategy using surface withdrawal during early and mid stratification,and deep withdrawal at the end of strat-ification.We further confirmed the decisive role of thermal structure in the formation of hypoxia under water-level reduction and withdrawal strategies.We believe the conclusions from this study can be applied to many deep waters in the temperate zone,and the results should guide stakeholders to mitigate negative impacts of hypoxia on aquatic ecosystems.
文摘Despite the high efficiency of remote sensing methods for rapid and large-scale detection of subsidence phenomena,this technique has limitations such as atmospheric impact and temporal and spatial decorrelation that affect the accuracy of the results.This paper proposes a method based on an artificial neural network to improve the results of monitoring land subsidence due to groundwater overexploitation by radar interferometry in the Aliabad plain(Central Iran).In this regard,vertical ground deformations were monitored over 18 months using the Sentinel-1A SAR images.To model the land subsidence by a multilayer perceptron(MLP)artificial neural network,four parameters,including groundwater level,alluvial thickness,elastic modulus,and transmissivity have been applied.The model's generalizability was assessed using data derived for 144 days.According to the results,the neural network estimates the land subsidence at each ground point with an accuracy of 6.8 mm.A comparison between the predicted and actual values indicated a significant agreement.The MLP model can be used to improve the results of subsidence detection in the study area or other areas with similar characteristics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52379061)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20230099)the Key Laboratory of Water Grid Project and Regulation of Ministry of Water Resources(Grant No.QTKS0034W23292).
文摘Lateral intakes are common in rivers.The pump effciency and sediment deposition are determined by the local hydrodynamic characteristics and mainstream division width.The hydraulic characteristics of lateral withdrawal from inclined river slopes at different intake elevations should be investigated.Meanwhile,the division width exhibits significant vertical non-uniformity at an inclined river slope,which should be clarified.Hence,a three-dimensional(3-D)hydrodynamic and particle-tracking model was developed with the Open Source Field Operation and Manipulation(Open FOAM),and the model was validated with physical model tests for 90°lateral withdrawal from an inclined side bank.The flow fields,withdrawal sources,and division widths were investigated with different intake bottom elevations,withdrawal discharges,and main channel velocities.This study showed that under inclined side bank conditions,water entered the intake at an oblique angle,causing significant 3-D spiral flows in the intake rather than two-dimensional closed recirculation.A lower withdrawal discharge,a lower bottom elevation of the intake,or a higher main channel velocity could further strengthen this phenomenon.The average division width and turbulent kinetic energy were smaller under inclined side bank conditions than under vertical bank conditions.With a low intake bottom elevation,a low withdrawal discharge,or a high main channel velocity,the sources of lateral withdrawal were in similar ranges near the local inclined bank in the vertical direction.Under inclined slope conditions,sediment deposition near the intake entrance could be reduced,compared to that under vertical slope conditions.The results provide hydrodynamic and sediment references for engineering designs for natural rivers with inclined terrains.
文摘The existing land supply mode of opencast mining is"land requisition first,then transfer",which lacks an effective recovery and withdrawal mechanism,and the reclaimed mining land is difficult to withdraw.According to the regular rules of coal opencast mining and the periodic characteristics of land use,this paper puts forward a new mode of temporary land use for coal opencast mining.It is conducive to im-proving the quality and scale of land use and reclamation utilization of opencast coal mining,and is of great significance for exploring and for-mulating reasonable land use policies for mineral resources development projects.
文摘Background and Objective: With the popularity and widespread use of mobile phones, the effects of mobile phone dependence and addiction on individuals’ physical and mental health have attracted more and more attention. The present study aims to analyze the current state of mobile phone addiction and its impact on sleep quality within the population, while also exploring the influence of related factors on sleep quality. Ultimately, this research will provide a scientific foundation for targeted intervention measures and strategies. Methods: A total of 253 permanent residents in Nanjing were randomly selected as study subjects. The Mobile Phone Addiction Index (MPAI) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to evaluate the degree of smartphone addiction and sleep quality of the study subjects. Body mass index (BMI) was measured according to standardized procedures. Independent sample t-test, Chi-square test, rank sum test and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the correlation between mobile phone addiction and sleep quality, and P Results: 117 people (46.2%) were addicted to mobile phones. Chi-square test showed that the rate of mobile phone addiction in drinking group was significantly higher than that in non-drinking group (P P P P P P P P P P Conclusion: Mobile phone addiction may lead to shorter sleep duration and reduce sleep efficiency. The withdrawal of mobile phone addiction may have a negative impact on sleep quality. According to the characteristics of the population, appropriate comprehensive intervention measures should be taken to build an effective evaluation system, so as to reduce the impact of mobile phone addiction and withdrawal problems on sleep and improve sleep quality.
基金funded by the Taif University Researchers Taif University,Taif,Saudi Arabia.
文摘This study aims to determine whether the involvement of prestigious attorneys in issuing companies affects withdrawals in the initial public offering(IPO)market.There is little evidence on how the involvement of famous lawyers affects IPO withdrawal.The study considers a large dataset consisting of 24,312 IPOs that were either successful or withdrawn from 22 distinct IPO marketplaces between January 1995 and December 2019.We find that IPO issuers may benefit from engaging with reputed attorneys by leveraging exceptional legal or negotiating abilities as quality certification signals to reduce IPO investors’ex-ante uncertainty.Here,the objective is to protect their IPOs from withdrawal of at least by 22%.Multiple robustness tests validate the reliability of the results of this study.These findings have significant implications for researchers,legislators,investors,and issuers.
基金Projects(50771081, 50931004) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2010CB631202) supported by the National Basic Research Program of China
文摘In order to study the effect of the withdrawing rate on carbide morphology,MC-type carbide in single crystal superalloy AM3 was systematically investigated with sample growth rates from 3.5 μm/s to 500 μm/s.The carbide morphologies were investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and the electron probe microanalysis(EPMA) was used to characterize the carbide composition.The results indicate that the solidification rate is the important factor governing MC carbide growth morphology,size and distribution,composition and growth mechanism.With the increase of withdrawing rate,nodular,rod-like,Chinese script types of carbide morphology are observed.For the low withdrawing rate,with the increase of withdrawing rate,the carbide size becomes larger.For the case of dendritic interface,the carbide size becomes smaller with refinement of dendrites as withdrawing rate increases.The volume fraction of carbides increases with the withdrawing rate increasing.
