While sufficient review articles exist on inductive short-range wireless power transfer(WPT),long-haul microwave WPT(MWPT)for solar power satellites,and ambient microwave wireless energy harvesting(MWEH)in urban areas...While sufficient review articles exist on inductive short-range wireless power transfer(WPT),long-haul microwave WPT(MWPT)for solar power satellites,and ambient microwave wireless energy harvesting(MWEH)in urban areas,few studies focus on the fundamental modeling and related design automation of receiver systems.This article reviews the development of MWPT and MWEH receivers,with a focus on rectenna design automation.A novel rectifier model capable of accurately modeling the rectification process under both high and low input power is presented.The model reveals the theoretical boundary of radio frequency-to-direct current(dc)power conversion efficiency and,most importantly,enables an automated system design.The automated rectenna design flow is sequential,with the minimal engagement of iterative optimization.It covers the design automation of every module(i.e.,rectifiers,matching circuits,antennae,and dc–dc converters).Scaling-up of the technique to large rectenna arrays is also possible,where the challenges in array partitioning and power combining are briefly discussed.In addition,several cutting-edge rectenna techniques for MWPT and MWEH are reviewed,including the dynamic range extension technique,the harmonics-based retro-directive technique,and the simultaneous wireless information and power transfer technique,which can be good complements to the presented automated design methodology.展开更多
The design strategy and efficiency optimization of a Ge-based n-type metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor(n-MOSFET)with a Si_(0.14)Ge_(0.72)Sn_(0.14)-Ge_(0.82)Sn_(0.18)-Ge quantum structure used for 2.45 ...The design strategy and efficiency optimization of a Ge-based n-type metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor(n-MOSFET)with a Si_(0.14)Ge_(0.72)Sn_(0.14)-Ge_(0.82)Sn_(0.18)-Ge quantum structure used for 2.45 GHz weak energy microwave wireless energy transmission is reported.The quantum structure combined withδ-doping technology is used to reduce the scattering of the device and improve its electron mobility;at the same time,the generation of surface channels is suppressed by the Si_(0.14)Ge_(0.72)Sn_(0.14) cap layer.By adjusting the threshold voltage of the device to 91 mV,setting the device aspect ratio to 1μm/0.4μm and adopting a novel diode connection method,the rectification efficiency of the device is improved.With simulation by Silvaco TCAD software,good performance is displayed in the transfer and output characteristics.For a simple half-wave rectifier circuit with a load of 1 pf and 20 kΩ,the rectification efficiency of the device can reach 7.14%at an input power of-10 dBm,which is 4.2 times that of a Si MOSFET(with a threshold voltage of 80 mV)under the same conditions;this device shows a better rectification effect than a Si MOSFET in the range of-30 dBm to 6.9 dBm.展开更多
During space-to-earth microwave wireless power transmission,all sources of power beam coverage deviation must be confined within specified limits to ensure that the ground station can reliably receive the microwave be...During space-to-earth microwave wireless power transmission,all sources of power beam coverage deviation must be confined within specified limits to ensure that the ground station can reliably receive the microwave beam.This paper investigates the power beam coverage deviation caused by orbit-determination errors,attitude errors,and beam-pointing errors,among other factors.展开更多
In recent years,important progress has been made in the field of biosensing and wireless communications by using metamaterials and metasurfaces.These technologies enable efficient manipulation of electromagnetic waves...In recent years,important progress has been made in the field of biosensing and wireless communications by using metamaterials and metasurfaces.These technologies enable efficient manipulation of electromagnetic waves through judiciously designed subwavelength structural units.This review begins by focusing on the design and optimization of terahertz metasurface sensors,emphasizing their unique advantages in biomedical diagnostics.It explores key technical challenges,such as material selection,device integration,and development of robust sensor for surface-specific modifications.Furthermore,the review discusses how metasurfaces,particularly as reconfigurable intelligent surfaces,dynamically modulate electromagnetic wave propagation in the microwave communications domain to enhance signal quality,improve communication efficiency,and showcase their potential in 5G and future 6G technologies.Finally,a comprehensive overview is provided regarding the challenges and future research directions for metamaterial and metasurface technologies in both biosensing and wireless communications,with the ultimate goal of promoting their applications in point-of-care devices and efficient communication systems.展开更多
Microwave wireless power transfer(WPT)technology enables the efficient,contactless transmission of energy through electromagnetic waves,with widespread applications in wireless charging,remote energy transmission,and ...Microwave wireless power transfer(WPT)technology enables the efficient,contactless transmission of energy through electromagnetic waves,with widespread applications in wireless charging,remote energy transmission,and satellite-based power harvesting,holding significant social,economic,and environmental implications.A ground-to-air WPT system is presented as a sample,this study investigates the impact of antenna polarization modes on the transmission efficiency of WPT systems for moving targets.Numerical simulations of transmission coefficients are conducted under various deflection angles,with transmission distances at both near-field(103 mm)and far-field(350 mm).The three polarization modes are single-line polarization(SL),dual-line polarization(DL),and circular polarization(CP).The results show that the polarization configuration with a single-line polarized transmitting array and a dual-line polarized receiving array(SL-DL)exhibits superior transmission efficiency.In the near field(103 mm),the linear transmission coefficient values of SL-DL are on average 0.08 and 0.06 higher compared to SL-SL and CP-CP at various angles,respectively.In the far field(350 mm),the corresponding transmission coefficient values increase by an average of 0.02 and 0.016.展开更多
基金supported by the Singapore Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund Tier 1。
文摘While sufficient review articles exist on inductive short-range wireless power transfer(WPT),long-haul microwave WPT(MWPT)for solar power satellites,and ambient microwave wireless energy harvesting(MWEH)in urban areas,few studies focus on the fundamental modeling and related design automation of receiver systems.This article reviews the development of MWPT and MWEH receivers,with a focus on rectenna design automation.A novel rectifier model capable of accurately modeling the rectification process under both high and low input power is presented.The model reveals the theoretical boundary of radio frequency-to-direct current(dc)power conversion efficiency and,most importantly,enables an automated system design.The automated rectenna design flow is sequential,with the minimal engagement of iterative optimization.It covers the design automation of every module(i.e.,rectifiers,matching circuits,antennae,and dc–dc converters).Scaling-up of the technique to large rectenna arrays is also possible,where the challenges in array partitioning and power combining are briefly discussed.In addition,several cutting-edge rectenna techniques for MWPT and MWEH are reviewed,including the dynamic range extension technique,the harmonics-based retro-directive technique,and the simultaneous wireless information and power transfer technique,which can be good complements to the presented automated design methodology.
基金supported by the National 111 Center(Grant No.B12026)Research on***Technology of Intelligent Reconfigurable General System(Grant No.F020250058)。
文摘The design strategy and efficiency optimization of a Ge-based n-type metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor(n-MOSFET)with a Si_(0.14)Ge_(0.72)Sn_(0.14)-Ge_(0.82)Sn_(0.18)-Ge quantum structure used for 2.45 GHz weak energy microwave wireless energy transmission is reported.The quantum structure combined withδ-doping technology is used to reduce the scattering of the device and improve its electron mobility;at the same time,the generation of surface channels is suppressed by the Si_(0.14)Ge_(0.72)Sn_(0.14) cap layer.By adjusting the threshold voltage of the device to 91 mV,setting the device aspect ratio to 1μm/0.4μm and adopting a novel diode connection method,the rectification efficiency of the device is improved.With simulation by Silvaco TCAD software,good performance is displayed in the transfer and output characteristics.For a simple half-wave rectifier circuit with a load of 1 pf and 20 kΩ,the rectification efficiency of the device can reach 7.14%at an input power of-10 dBm,which is 4.2 times that of a Si MOSFET(with a threshold voltage of 80 mV)under the same conditions;this device shows a better rectification effect than a Si MOSFET in the range of-30 dBm to 6.9 dBm.
文摘During space-to-earth microwave wireless power transmission,all sources of power beam coverage deviation must be confined within specified limits to ensure that the ground station can reliably receive the microwave beam.This paper investigates the power beam coverage deviation caused by orbit-determination errors,attitude errors,and beam-pointing errors,among other factors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(nos.61975163,62275215,62435015,62171165,U23B2014,and U21A6003)Key Core Technology Research Project for Strategic Industry Chains of Xi’an Science and Technology Bureau(23LLRH0057)+2 种基金Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(2023GXLH-038)Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities(21JP084)the Doctoral Dissertation Innovation Fund of Xi’an University of Technology(109-252072301).
文摘In recent years,important progress has been made in the field of biosensing and wireless communications by using metamaterials and metasurfaces.These technologies enable efficient manipulation of electromagnetic waves through judiciously designed subwavelength structural units.This review begins by focusing on the design and optimization of terahertz metasurface sensors,emphasizing their unique advantages in biomedical diagnostics.It explores key technical challenges,such as material selection,device integration,and development of robust sensor for surface-specific modifications.Furthermore,the review discusses how metasurfaces,particularly as reconfigurable intelligent surfaces,dynamically modulate electromagnetic wave propagation in the microwave communications domain to enhance signal quality,improve communication efficiency,and showcase their potential in 5G and future 6G technologies.Finally,a comprehensive overview is provided regarding the challenges and future research directions for metamaterial and metasurface technologies in both biosensing and wireless communications,with the ultimate goal of promoting their applications in point-of-care devices and efficient communication systems.
文摘Microwave wireless power transfer(WPT)technology enables the efficient,contactless transmission of energy through electromagnetic waves,with widespread applications in wireless charging,remote energy transmission,and satellite-based power harvesting,holding significant social,economic,and environmental implications.A ground-to-air WPT system is presented as a sample,this study investigates the impact of antenna polarization modes on the transmission efficiency of WPT systems for moving targets.Numerical simulations of transmission coefficients are conducted under various deflection angles,with transmission distances at both near-field(103 mm)and far-field(350 mm).The three polarization modes are single-line polarization(SL),dual-line polarization(DL),and circular polarization(CP).The results show that the polarization configuration with a single-line polarized transmitting array and a dual-line polarized receiving array(SL-DL)exhibits superior transmission efficiency.In the near field(103 mm),the linear transmission coefficient values of SL-DL are on average 0.08 and 0.06 higher compared to SL-SL and CP-CP at various angles,respectively.In the far field(350 mm),the corresponding transmission coefficient values increase by an average of 0.02 and 0.016.
